A method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency in greenhouse cucumber production

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency of greenhouse cucumbers, including applying basal fertilizer and applying topdressing. When applying basal fertilizer, the original organic fertilizer and diammonium phosphate are reduced by 5-15% respectively, and at the same time, a certain proportion of N-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide and DMPP (3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate) are added respectively according to the nitrogen content in the basal fertilizer. In the topdressing stage, a certain proportion of DMPP and PHH are applied according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated as 47% and diammonium phosphate is calculated as 18%) at the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage, the melon-setting stage and the peak melon stage; and quick-acting organic boron fertilizer is applied at the same time. The production method makes full use of the advantageous combination of nitrification inhibitors and trace elements, effectively regulates the nitrification of nitrogen in greenhouse soil, reduces the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and improves the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. While greatly reducing production costs, the purpose of increasing production and income is achieved, and at the same time, the acidification of the soil is improved to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a cultivation production technology, in particular to a production method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency of cucumbers in a facility. Background Art

[0002] Cucumber is an important economic crop in my country. In recent years, greenhouse cucumber has developed rapidly across the country and plays an extremely important role in the development of my country's agriculture and rural economy. However, due to the characteristics of greenhouse cucumber, such as high intensiveness, high multiple cropping index, excessive fertilizer application and single crop species, with the increase of planting years, the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of the soil have changed greatly, leading to accelerated soil acidification, increased salinization, nutritional imbalance, aggravated diseases and insect pests, and many other problems, resulting in a decline in the quality of greenhouse cucumber planting soil, and ultimately leading to continuous cropping obstacles such as reduced cucumber yield and poor quality, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of greenhouse cucumber.

[0003] Among them, the long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers is one of the important reasons for the continuous cropping of greenhouse cucumbers. Under the stimulation of high input, high output and high return, the blind and heavy application of chemical fertilizers in greenhouse cucumber production, especially the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers and unreasonable fertilizer and water management, all promote the nitrification of the soil, and the NH4 + It is rapidly converted into NH2OH under the catalysis of ammonium monooxygenase (AMO), and then converted into NO2 under the catalysis of hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (HAO). - , and finally converted into NO3 - A large amount of nitrogen is accumulated in the soil, far exceeding the needs of crop growth. Excessive accumulation of nitrogen in the soil destroys the soil structure, which in turn leads to gradual acidification and hardening of the soil, imbalance of soil nutrients, increased salt accumulation, and increasingly serious secondary salinization of the soil. In addition, the long-term irrational use of chemical fertilizers in farmland will also have a serious adverse impact on the water quality of lakes and surface water and groundwater resources, which is directly related to the water safety of residents in the surrounding areas. At the same time, a large amount of NO3 accumulated in the soil - It can also be converted into N2O through denitrification and released into the atmosphere, leading to the greenhouse effect.

[0004] One of the main causes of these problems is that excessive nitrogen fertilizer application promotes soil nitrification. Therefore, in response to the Ministry of Agriculture's "Zero Growth Action Plan for Fertilizer Use" and the Ministry of Science and Technology's "Research and Development of Comprehensive Technologies for Reducing and Increasing the Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides", it is an urgent and challenging task to develop and promote a facility cucumber production that can effectively improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization, reduce production costs, and take into account both economic and environmental benefits. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a production method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency of greenhouse cucumbers, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A production method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency of greenhouse cucumbers comprises applying basal fertilizer and applying topdressing fertilizer; when applying basal fertilizer, the application of organic fertilizer and diammonium phosphate is reduced by 5-15% respectively, and at the same time, according to the nitrogen content in the basal fertilizer, N-butylthiophosphoric triamide and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate are applied in combination; when applying topdressing fertilizer, the application of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer urea or diammonium phosphate is reduced by 5-15%, and at the same time, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing fertilizer, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride are applied in combination, and organic boron fertilizer is sprayed.

[0008] A further improvement of the present invention is that when applying the base fertilizer, under the premise of reducing the application by 5-15%, 0.3-0.5% of N-butylthiophosphoric triamide and 0.1-0.3% of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate are added and mixed according to the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is that the topdressing is divided into fertilizer for the seedling stage, fertilizer for the initial flowering stage, fertilizer for the fruit-setting stage, and fertilizer for the full fruit-setting stage.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention is that, as the fertilizer for the seedling stage, the fertilizer for the initial flowering stage and the fertilizer for the fruit-bearing stage, on the premise of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer by 5-15%, according to the nitrogen content of the topdressed nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3-0.5% of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and 0.1-0.3% of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride are added and mixed for application; as the fertilizer for the full fruit-bearing stage, on the premise of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer by 5-15%, according to the nitrogen content of the topdressed nitrogen fertilizer, 0.1-0.3% of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and 0.05-0.1% of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride are added and mixed for application.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that the spraying of organic boron fertilizer refers to applying fertilizer during the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage, and the melon-setting stage, while spraying 1000-fold diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer 1-3 times.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is that the organic fertilizer refers to decomposed straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that the cucumbers in the facility refer to cucumbers in greenhouses and hothouses.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] (1) N-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT) can effectively inhibit the decomposition and mineralization of organic nitrogen in the base fertilizer and slow down the rate of urea conversion to ammonia nitrogen, especially in acidified facility soil; nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) can effectively inhibit the conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. The combination of different ratios and synergistic effects of the two significantly slowed down the mineralization of organic nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer and the nitrification rate of ammonium nitrogen;

[0016] (2) 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate, as a copper ion chelator, can effectively inhibit the activity of ammonium monooxygenase (AMO), thereby significantly inhibiting the first step of nitrification, namely, NH4 + Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHH) can effectively inhibit the activity of hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (HAO), thereby inhibiting the second step of nitrification, that is, the conversion of NH2OH to NO2 - Although both are nitrification inhibitors, their action mechanisms and action sites are different. The reasonable combination and synergistic effect of the two can significantly improve the inhibition efficiency of nitrification, effectively inhibit the nitrification rate of ammonium nitrogen in basal fertilizer and topdressing, and prolong the retention time of ammonium nitrogen in the soil under the premise of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, thus significantly improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer for greenhouse cucumbers.

[0017] (3) Adequate boron plays an important role in maintaining the normal function of plant leaves. At the same time, it can also promote the synthesis of amino acids and proteins in plants, and plays an important role in the formation and development of plant reproductive organs. Previous studies have shown that organic boron fertilizer can significantly improve crop chlorophyll content, root vitality, SOD enzyme activity and other physiological and biochemical indicators, and is significantly better than inorganic boric acid. Therefore, in the topdressing stage, spraying organic boron fertilizer can effectively promote the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil by greenhouse cucumbers, significantly improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the loss of soil nitrogen fertilizer, promote the cucumber fruiting rate and its growth and development, and effectively increase the yield of cucumbers.

[0018] This production technology can significantly increase the yield of cucumbers (p < 0.01) and improve the acidified soil to a certain extent, while reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 5-15%, applying a combination of nitrification inhibitors DMPP + PHH, and spraying quick-acting organic boron fertilizer. A simple and stable production method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and increasing efficiency of cucumbers has been established. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. These embodiments should not be understood as limiting the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0020] Embodiment 1:

[0021] According to the technical regulations for cucumber cultivation and management, it is divided into two parts: base fertilizer and top dressing. Among them, base fertilizer accounts for about 60% of the total fertilizer application, and top dressing accounts for about 40%. Top dressing includes fertilizer in the seedling stage, fertilizer in the initial flowering stage, fertilizer in the fruit-setting stage, and fertilizer in the peak fruit-setting stage.

[0022] The experiment set up five treatment groups: CK, T1, T2, T3, and T4, and each treatment had three replicates;

[0023] CK group: According to the original fertilization method, the basal fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer applied later were not reduced, and at the same time, nitrification inhibitors and quick-acting organic boron fertilizers were not applied;

[0024] Treatment group T (T1-T4) reduced the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer and the later topdressing by 5%, and added NBPT, DMPP and PHH according to the following schemes (1)-(5) during the base fertilizer period, seedling period, early flowering period, fruit bearing period and fruiting period, and applied quick-acting organic boron fertilizer:

[0025] (1) When applying basal fertilizer: According to the cucumber cultivation regulations, organic basal fertilizer (fully decomposed straw and livestock and poultry manure) is generally applied at 10,000-15,000 kg / mu, diammonium phosphate 25 kg / mu, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 25 kg / mu. In this embodiment, 10,000 kg / mu of organic basal fertilizer is applied.

[0026] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application rates of organic base fertilizer and diammonium phosphate are reduced by 5% respectively, that is, 9500kg / mu of organic base fertilizer (fully decomposed straw and livestock and poultry manure) and 23.75kg / mu of diammonium phosphate are applied, and the application rate of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer remains unchanged.

[0027] On this basis, according to the nitrogen content in the base fertilizer (organic base fertilizer is calculated at 1.5%, and diammonium phosphate is calculated at 18%), 0.5% NBPT (0.73g) and 0.5% DMPP (0.73g) are applied.

[0028] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage:

[0029] Generally, after planting, urea or diammonium phosphate (5-10 kg / mu) is applied once when the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves. In this embodiment, 5 kg / mu is applied to promote the rooting of the seedlings and the development of the aboveground parts.

[0030] During this period, according to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application of urea or diammonium phosphate can be reduced by 5%, that is, 4.75 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied as topdressing; if diammonium phosphate is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated at 18%), 0.5% DMPP (4.28 mg) and 0.5% PHH (4.28 mg) should be applied at the same time; if urea is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated at 47%), 0.5% DMPP (11.16 mg) and 0.5% PHH (11.16 mg) should be applied at the same time.

[0031] On this basis, spray 1000 times diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer (containing 15 mg / kg boron, patent number: ZL200810243821.2) once, applying about 45 kg per mu.

[0032] (3) Topdressing during the initial flowering period:

[0033] In order to promote the plant to grow and flower and ensure the cucumber yield, urea or diammonium phosphate is applied once at this stage at 10-15 kg / mu. In this embodiment, 10 kg / mu is applied.

[0034] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application of urea or diammonium phosphate can be reduced by 5%, that is, 9.5 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied as topdressing; if diammonium phosphate is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated at 18%), 0.5% DMPP (8.55 mg) and 0.5% PHH (8.55 mg) should be applied at the same time; if urea is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated at 47%), 0.5% DMPP (22.33 mg) and 0.5% PHH (22.33 mg) should be applied at the same time.

[0035] On this basis, spray 1000 times diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer (containing 15 mg / kg boron, patent number: ZL200810243821.2) once, applying about 45 kg per mu.

[0036] (4) Topdressing during the fruiting period:

[0037] During the cucumber-bearing period, sufficient water and nutrients need to be supplied in time to improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. Therefore, urea or diammonium phosphate (15-20 kg / mu) and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (10 kg / mu) are usually applied once during this period. In this embodiment, 15 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate is applied.

[0038] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application of urea or diammonium phosphate can be reduced by 5%, that is, 14.25 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied;

[0039] If diammonium phosphate is applied as topdressing, 0.5% DMPP (12.83 mg) and 0.5% PHH (12.83 mg) should be applied simultaneously according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated as 18%); if urea is applied as topdressing, 0.5% DMPP (33.49 mg) and 0.5% PHH (33.49 mg) should be applied simultaneously according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated as 47%).

[0040] On this basis, spray 1000 times diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer (containing 15 mg / kg boron, patent number: ZL200810243821.2) once, applying about 45 kg per mu.

[0041] (5) Topdressing during the peak melon season:

[0042] After entering the vigorous period of cucumber, due to the increase in fertilizer requirement of cucumber, in order to ensure its normal growth and yield, topdressing is applied every 8-10 days, and the amount of fertilizer applied each time is also increased accordingly. Generally, urea or diammonium phosphate 20-25kg / mu is applied, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15kg / mu) is applied until the end of the cucumber period. In this embodiment, urea or diammonium phosphate 20kg / mu is applied.

[0043] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced by 5%, that is, 19kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied; if diammonium phosphate is applied, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated as 18%), 0.3% DMPP (10.26mg) and 0.1% PHH (3.42mg) are applied at the same time; if urea is applied, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated as 47%), 0.3% DMPP (26.79mg) and 0.1% PHH (8.93mg) are applied at the same time. Under the effective regulation of nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, the supply of nitrogen fertilizer required by the plants is ensured, and at the same time, the amount of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer applied remains unchanged.

[0044] The experimental results show that under the premise of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 5%, treatment group T used a combination of NBPT and DMPP with PHH nitrification inhibitors, and at the same time, applied quick-acting organic boron fertilizer, and the yield of greenhouse cucumbers increased, and the difference with the control group reached a significant level of 1% (see Table 1). At the same time, the nitrogen content in the soil decreased significantly, the soil pH value increased significantly, and the acidification degree was improved to a certain extent (see Table 2).

[0045] Table 1. Effects on greenhouse cucumber yield

[0046]

[0047] Note: Different capital letters in the table indicate that the indicators in the same column are significantly different at the 0.01 level.

[0048] Table 2. Effects on nitrate nitrogen content and pH in facility soil

[0049]

[0050] Note: Different capital letters in the table indicate that the indicators in the same column are significantly different at the 0.01 level.

[0051] Example 2: Fertilization management of greenhouse cucumbers according to the following scheme

[0052] According to the technical regulations for cucumber cultivation and management, it is divided into two parts: base fertilizer and top dressing. Among them, base fertilizer accounts for about 60% of the total fertilizer application, and top dressing accounts for about 40%. Top dressing includes fertilizer in the seedling stage, fertilizer in the initial flowering stage, fertilizer in the fruit-setting stage, and fertilizer in the peak fruit-setting stage.

[0053] According to the greenhouse cucumber nitrogen reduction and efficiency-enhancing production technology, the experiment set up five treatment groups: CK, T1, T2, T3, and T4, with 3 replicates in each treatment.

[0054] CK group: According to the original fertilization method, the basal fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer applied later were not reduced, and at the same time, nitrification inhibitors and quick-acting organic boron fertilizers were not applied;

[0055] Treatment group T reduced the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer and the later topdressing by 10%. In the base fertilizer period, seedling period, early flowering period, fruit bearing period and fruiting period, NBPT, DMPP and PHH were added according to the following schemes (1)-(5), and quick-acting organic boron fertilizer was applied:

[0056] (1) When applying base fertilizer: According to the greenhouse cucumber cultivation regulations, apply organic base fertilizer (usually fully decomposed straw and livestock and poultry manure) 10000-15000 kg / mu, diammonium phosphate 25 kg / mu, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 25 kg / mu. In this embodiment, 12500 kg / mu of organic base fertilizer is applied.

[0057] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application rates of organic base fertilizer and diammonium phosphate are reduced by 10% respectively, that is, 9000-13500kg / mu of organic base fertilizer (fully decomposed straw and livestock and poultry manure) and 22.5kg / mu of diammonium phosphate are applied, and the application rate of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer remains unchanged.

[0058] On this basis, according to the nitrogen content in the base fertilizer (organic base fertilizer is calculated at 1.5%, and diammonium phosphate is calculated at 18%), 0.4% NBPT (0.69g) and 0.2% DMPP (0.35g) are applied.

[0059] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage:

[0060] Generally, after planting, urea or diammonium phosphate (5-10 kg / mu) is applied once when the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves. In this embodiment, 7.5 kg / mu is applied to promote the rooting of the seedlings and the development of the aboveground parts.

[0061] During this period, according to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application of urea or diammonium phosphate can be reduced by 10%, that is, 6.75 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied as topdressing; if diammonium phosphate is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated at 18%), 0.4% DMPP (4.86 mg) and 0.2% PHH (2.43 mg) should be applied at the same time; if urea is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated at 47%), 0.3% DMPP (12.692 mg) and 0.2% PHH (6.35 mg) should be applied at the same time.

[0062] On this basis, spray 1000 times diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer (containing 15 mg / kg boron, patent number: ZL200810243821.2) twice, applying about 45 kg per mu each time.

[0063] (3) Topdressing during the initial flowering period:

[0064] In order to promote the plant to grow and flower and ensure the cucumber yield, urea or diammonium phosphate is applied once at this stage at 10-15 kg / mu. In this embodiment, 12.5 kg / mu is applied.

[0065] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application of urea or diammonium phosphate can be reduced by 10%, that is, 9.0-13.5 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied as topdressing; if diammonium phosphate is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated at 18%), 0.4% DMPP (8.10 mg) and 0.2% PHH (4.05 mg) should be applied at the same time; if urea is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated at 47%), 0.4% DMPP (21.15 mg) and 0.2% PHH (10.58 mg) should be applied at the same time.

[0066] On this basis, spray 1000 times diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer (containing 15 mg / kg boron, patent number: ZL200810243821.2) twice, applying about 45 kg per mu each time.

[0067] (4) Topdressing during the fruiting period:

[0068] Sufficient water and nutrients should be supplied in time during the cucumber-bearing period to improve cucumber yield and quality. Therefore, urea or diammonium phosphate (15-20 kg / mu) and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (10 kg / mu) are usually applied once during this period. In this embodiment, urea or diammonium phosphate 17.5 kg / mu is applied.

[0069] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, urea or diammonium phosphate can be reduced by 10%, that is, 17.5 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied;

[0070] If diammonium phosphate is applied as topdressing, 0.4% DMPP (11.34 mg) and 0.2% PHH (5.67 mg) should be applied simultaneously according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated as 18%); if urea is applied as topdressing, 0.4% DMPP (29.61 mg) and 0.2% PHH (14.81 mg) should be applied simultaneously according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated as 47%).

[0071] On this basis, spray 1000 times diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer (containing 15 mg / kg boron, patent number: ZL200810243821.2) twice, applying about 45 kg per mu each time.

[0072] (5) Topdressing during the peak melon season:

[0073] After entering the vigorous period of cucumber, due to the increase in fertilizer requirement of cucumber, in order to ensure its normal growth and yield, topdressing is applied every 8-10 days, and the amount of topdressing fertilizer applied each time is also increased accordingly. Generally, 20-25 kg of urea or diammonium phosphate is applied per mu, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15 kg / mu) is applied at the same time until the end of the cucumber period. In this embodiment, 22.5 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate is applied.

[0074] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, 10% of the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced, that is, 20.25kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied; if diammonium phosphate is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated as 18%), 0.2% DMPP (7.29mg) and 0.1% PHH (3.65mg) can be applied at the same time; if urea is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated as 47%), 0.2% DMPP (19.04mg) and 0.1% PHH (9.52mg) can be applied at the same time. Under the effective regulation of nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, the supply of nitrogen fertilizer required by the plants is ensured, and at the same time, the amount of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer applied remains unchanged.

[0075] The experimental results show that under the premise of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 10%, treatment group T used a combination of NBPT and DMPP with PHH nitrification inhibitors, and at the same time, applied quick-acting organic boron fertilizer, and the yield of greenhouse cucumbers increased, and the difference with the control group reached a significant level of 1% (see Table 3). At the same time, the nitrogen content in the soil decreased significantly, the soil pH value increased significantly, and the acidification degree was improved to a certain extent (see Table 4).

[0076] Table 3. Effects on greenhouse cucumber yield

[0077]

[0078] Note: Different capital letters in the table indicate that the indicators in the same column are significantly different at the 0.01 level, and different lowercase letters indicate that the indicators in the same column are significantly different at the 0.05 level.

[0079] Table 4. Effects on nitrate nitrogen content and pH in facility soil

[0080]

[0081] Example 3: Fertilization management of greenhouse cucumbers according to the following scheme

[0082] According to the technical regulations for cucumber cultivation and management, it is divided into two parts: base fertilizer and top dressing. Among them, base fertilizer accounts for about 60% of the total fertilizer application, and top dressing accounts for about 40%. Top dressing includes fertilizer in the seedling stage, fertilizer in the initial flowering stage, fertilizer in the fruit-setting stage, and fertilizer in the peak fruit-setting stage.

[0083] According to the greenhouse cucumber nitrogen reduction and efficiency-enhancing production technology, the experiment set up five treatment groups: CK, T1, T2, T3, and T4, with 3 replicates in each treatment.

[0084] CK group: According to the original fertilization method, the basal fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer applied later were not reduced, and at the same time, nitrification inhibitors and quick-acting organic boron fertilizers were not applied;

[0085] Treatment group T reduced the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer and the later topdressing by 15%. In the base fertilizer period, seedling period, early flowering period, fruit bearing period and fruiting period, NBPT, DMPP and PHH were added according to the following schemes (1)-(5), and quick-acting organic boron fertilizer was applied:

[0086] (1) When applying basal fertilizer: According to the regulations for greenhouse cucumber cultivation, apply 10,000-15,000 kg / mu of organic basal fertilizer (usually fully decomposed straw and livestock and poultry manure), and at the same time, apply 25 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate and 25 kg / mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. In this embodiment, 15,000 kg / mu of organic basal fertilizer is applied.

[0087] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application of organic base fertilizer and diammonium phosphate is reduced by 15% respectively, that is, organic base fertilizer (fully decomposed straw and livestock and poultry manure) is 12750kg / mu, and diammonium phosphate is 21.25kg / mu, and the application amount of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer remains unchanged.

[0088] On this basis, according to the nitrogen content in the base fertilizer (organic base fertilizer is calculated at 1.5%, and diammonium phosphate is calculated at 18%), 0.3% NBPT (0.59g) and 0.1% DMPP (0.20g) are applied.

[0089] (2) Topdressing during the seedling stage:

[0090] Generally, after planting, urea or diammonium phosphate (5-10 kg per mu) is applied once when the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves to promote the rooting of the seedlings and the development of the aboveground parts. In this embodiment, 10 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate is applied.

[0091] During this period, according to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application of urea or diammonium phosphate can be reduced by 15%, that is, 8.5 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied as topdressing; if diammonium phosphate is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated at 18%), 0.3% DMPP (4.59 mg) and 0.1% PHH (1.53 mg) should be applied at the same time; if urea is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated at 47%), 0.3% DMPP (11.99 mg) and 0.1% PHH (4.00 mg) should be applied at the same time.

[0092] On this basis, spray 1000 times diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer (containing 15 mg / kg boron, patent number: ZL200810243821.2) three times, applying about 45 kg per mu each time.

[0093] (3) Topdressing during the initial flowering period:

[0094] In order to promote plant growth and flowering and ensure cucumber yield, urea or diammonium phosphate 10-15 kg / mu is applied once during this period. In this embodiment, urea or diammonium phosphate 15 kg / mu is applied.

[0095] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application of urea or diammonium phosphate can be reduced by 15%, that is, 12.75 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate should be applied as topdressing; if diammonium phosphate is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated at 18%), 0.3% DMPP (6.89 mg) and 0.1% PHH (2.30 mg) should be applied at the same time; if urea is applied as topdressing, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated at 47%), 0.3% DMPP (17.98 mg) and 0.1% PHH (5.99 mg) should be applied at the same time.

[0096] On this basis, spray 1000 times diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer (containing 15 mg / kg boron, patent number: ZL200810243821.2) three times, applying about 45 kg per mu each time.

[0097] (4) Topdressing during the fruiting period:

[0098] During the cucumber-bearing period, sufficient water and nutrients need to be supplied in time to improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. Therefore, urea or diammonium phosphate (15-20 kg / mu) and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (10 kg / mu) are usually applied once during this period. In this embodiment, urea or diammonium phosphate 20 kg / mu is applied.

[0099] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the application of urea or diammonium phosphate can be reduced by 15%, that is, 17.0 kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied;

[0100] If diammonium phosphate is applied as topdressing, 0.3% DMPP (9.18 mg) and 0.1% PHH (3.06 mg) should be applied simultaneously according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated as 18%); if urea is applied as topdressing, 0.3% DMPP (23.97 mg) and 0.1% PHH (7.99 mg) should be applied simultaneously according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated as 47%).

[0101] On this basis, spray 1000 times diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer (containing 15 mg / kg boron, patent number: ZL200810243821.2) three times, applying about 45 kg per mu each time.

[0102] (5) Topdressing during the peak melon season:

[0103] After entering the vigorous period of cucumber, due to the increase in fertilizer requirement of cucumber, in order to ensure its normal growth and yield, topdressing is applied every 8-10 days, and the amount of fertilizer applied each time is also increased accordingly. Generally, urea or diammonium phosphate 20-25kg per mu is applied, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15kg / mu) is applied at the same time until the end of the cucumber period. In this embodiment, urea or diammonium phosphate 25kg / mu is applied.

[0104] According to the nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology, the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced by 15%, that is, 21.25kg / mu of urea or diammonium phosphate can be applied; if diammonium phosphate is applied, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (diammonium phosphate is calculated as 18%), 0.1% DMPP (3.83mg) and 0.05% PHH (1.91mg) are applied at the same time; if urea is applied, according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing (urea is calculated as 47%), 0.1% DMPP (9.99mg) and 0.05% PHH (4.99mg) are applied at the same time. Under the effective regulation of nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, the supply of nitrogen fertilizer required by the plants is ensured, and at the same time, the amount of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer applied remains unchanged.

[0105] The experimental results show that under the premise of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 15%, treatment group T used a combination of NBPT and DMPP with PHH nitrification inhibitors, and at the same time, applied quick-acting organic boron fertilizer, and the yield of greenhouse cucumbers increased, and the difference with the control group reached a significant level of 1% (see Table 5). At the same time, the nitrogen content in the soil decreased significantly, the soil pH value increased significantly, and the acidification degree was improved to a certain extent (see Table 6).

[0106] Table 5 Effects on greenhouse cucumber yield

[0107]

[0108] Note: Different lowercase letters in the table indicate that the indicators in the same column are significantly different at the 0.05 level.

[0109] Table 6. Effects on nitrate nitrogen content and pH in facility soil

[0110]

[0111] Note: Different capital letters in the table indicate that the indicators in the same column are significantly different at the 0.01 level.

[0112] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency in greenhouse cucumber production, characterized in that: The method comprises applying basal fertilizer and applying topdressing fertilizer; when applying basal fertilizer, the application of organic fertilizer and diammonium phosphate is reduced by 5-15% respectively, and at the same time, N-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate are applied in combination according to the nitrogen content in the basal fertilizer; when applying topdressing fertilizer, the application of urea or diammonium phosphate as topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 5-15%, and at the same time, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride are applied in combination according to the nitrogen content in the topdressing fertilizer, and organic boron fertilizer is sprayed; When applying the base fertilizer, under the premise of reducing the amount of fertilizer by 5-15%, 0.3-0.5% of N-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide and 0.1-0.3% of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate are added and mixed according to the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer; The topdressing is divided into fertilizer for seedling stage, fertilizer for early flowering stage, fertilizer for fruit bearing stage and fertilizer for full fruit bearing stage; As for the fertilizer for the seedling stage, the fertilizer for the initial flowering stage, and the fertilizer for the fruit-bearing stage, on the premise of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer by 5-15%, 0.3-0.5% of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and 0.1-0.3% of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride are added in mixture according to the nitrogen content of the topdressed nitrogen fertilizer; as for the fertilizer for the full fruit-bearing stage, on the premise of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer by 5-15%, 0.1-0.3% of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and 0.05-0.1% of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride are added in mixture according to the nitrogen content of the topdressed nitrogen fertilizer.

2. The method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency of cucumber production in a facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying of organic boron fertilizer refers to the application of fertilizer in the seedling stage, the initial flowering stage, and the melon-setting stage, while spraying 1000 times diluted quick-acting organic boron fertilizer 1-3 times.

3. The method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency of cucumber production in a facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer refers to decomposed straw and livestock and poultry manure.

4. The method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency of cucumber production in a facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The so-called greenhouse cucumbers refer to cucumbers grown in greenhouses or indoors.

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