A method for precise fertilization of nutrients for tea-specific fertilizer

Abstract

The present invention proposes a method for precise fertilization of special fertilizer for tea, which belongs to the technical field of tea tree planting, including: S1. Nutrient demand prediction; S2. Precise calculation of fertilizer ratio; S3. Precise application. Based on the fact that there is no reasonable formula involving the nutrient ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the current technology, especially after considering the trace elements, the technical effect of each combination needs to be obtained through rigorous experiments, and it is impossible to obtain it by simply adding the quantities. The present invention adopts a reasonable prediction method to accurately predict the nutrients required by tea trees, and to carry out precise fertilization, which can reduce fertilizer waste and improve fertilizer utilization. At the same time, it can also ensure the nutrient supply of tea trees, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of tea trees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree planting, and in particular to a method for accurately applying nutrients for tea-specific fertilizers. Background Art

[0002] Nutrients are the material basis for the growth of tea trees and the decisive factor in the formation of tea quality. In current tea production, inappropriate nutrient ratios have seriously restricted the improvement of tea quality and ecological needs.

[0003] In the current tea production practice in my country, there are the following problems with nutrient formulation and nutrient management: 1) The current fertilizer ratio in my country's tea gardens is seriously inconsistent with the growth characteristics of tea trees: 40% of tea farmers use compound fertilizers of 15:15:15 for field crops such as corn and rice, which are harvested as grains (products of reproductive growth), which is very different from the nutrient requirements of leaf plants such as tea. The current tea garden nutrient management technology does not fully consider the quality requirements of tea: for example, there are also literatures proposing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ratios of 2:1:1 and 3:1:1, etc. These technical solutions are based on yield (not quality); the main reason is that the relationship between fertilizer nutrient ratio and quality is unclear, and there is a lack of fertilizer formulas and products for improving tea quality; 2) The current tea garden nutrient management technology completely ignores the quality characteristics of different teas (such as black tea, green tea, and oolong tea); 3) The production of different teas has special nutrient absorption characteristics. Therefore, different nutrient release rates (temporal characteristics of nutrient supply) are crucial to tea tree nutrient absorption and quality formation; 4) The current trace nutrients in tea garden fertilizers are neglected, while trace elements such as magnesium are not considered, especially the proportion of trace nutrients in the formula based on quality has not been determined; 5) In the nutrient management link, the current problem of unreasonable fertilizer use in tea gardens is particularly prominent. Relevant research reports that among the existing tea gardens in my country, 30% of the nutrient use in tea gardens exceeds the nutrient demand of tea trees, and environmental pollution brings huge ecological pressure.

[0004] In short, the determination of the appropriate nutrient ratio requires not only a large number of combined experiments to find the best balance between yield and quality, but also a comprehensive comparison of the optimal efficiency of various nutrient formulas for tea tree carbon and nitrogen metabolism balance, reproductive growth and nutritional growth. Therefore, the establishment of nutrient formulas is not a simple solution of multivariate functions, nor a simple summary of experience and literature analogy.

[0005] The slight difference in the nutrient ratio in fertilizer products will bring about not only huge waste of resources, environmental pollution and changes in product quality in production practice. On the one hand, this is because the effective ingredients and total input of fertilizers magnify the nutrient ratio. On the other hand, as a leaf-bearing plant, the carbon-nitrogen metabolic balance of tea trees is more sensitive to changes in nutrient ratios. For example, the fertilizer formulas of 2:1:1 and 3:1:1 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium used in the current commonly used fertilization formulas are relatively close in proportion, but the amount of chemical fertilizers used per hectare of tea garden will differ by 400 kg (the difference in urea usage calculated based on a total nutrient of 600 kg / hectare), and such a huge difference in nitrogen nutrition will inevitably have a significant impact on the formation of tea quality (especially nitrogen-containing amino acid components). In addition, excess nutrients not only cause environmental pollution, but more importantly, they seriously change the carbon-nitrogen balance and reproductive / nutritional growth balance of tea tree growth, thereby destroying the metabolic flow suitable for the formation of tea quality, and a large amount of reproductive growth such as flowering seriously affects the quality of tea. Therefore, the appropriate nutrient formula ratio plays a vital role in the formation of tea quality.

[0006] Green tea is harvested at a higher tenderness, has a small harvest index, and has lower yield requirements. Tea picking is mainly concentrated in early spring and the harvest time is short, so the tea trees are required to have sufficient stored nutrients in autumn and winter. However, the quality of green tea requires a higher amino acid content and a lower tea polyphenol content. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for precise fertilization of tea-specific fertilizer nutrients. A reasonable prediction method is adopted to accurately predict the nutrients required by tea trees, and precise fertilization is carried out, which can reduce fertilizer waste and improve fertilizer utilization rate. At the same time, it can also ensure the nutrient supply of tea trees, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of tea trees.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0009] The present invention provides a method for precise fertilization of tea-specific fertilizer, comprising:

[0010] S1. Nutrient demand prediction;

[0011] S2. Accurate calculation of fertilizer ratio;

[0012] S3. Precision application.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the method for predicting nutrient demand in step S1 is specifically as follows:

[0014] S101. Prediction model canopy construction: In spring, from April 14 to 18, mature tea gardens older than 5 years old were pruned 45-55 cm above the ground, and the density of small piles was recorded as D1. In summer, from July 20 to 15, the tea trees were pruned 65-75 cm above the ground, and the density of small piles was recorded as D2.

[0015] S102. Obtaining data: Before fertilization in October, the top 10 highest growing branches on the model tree crown were selected to measure the length L of the new shoots to obtain data, including L1, L2, L3...L10, and the diameter d of the base of the new shoots to obtain a data set, including d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8, d9, d10;

[0016] S103. Substitute the formula to calculate nutrient requirements:

[0017] Nitrogen fertilizer requirements for tea trees

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the unit of the small pile density D1 and D2 is pieces / square meter; the unit of the new shoot length L is cm; the unit of the new shoot base diameter d is mm; and the unit of the tea tree nitrogen fertilizer application is kg / hectare.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mature tea gardens older than 5 years old are pruned 50 cm above the ground in spring, and 70 cm above the ground from July 20 to 15 in summer.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the method for accurately calculating the fertilizer ratio in step S2 is as follows:

[0021] Calculate the amount of each fertilizer according to the following ratio:

[0022] The nutrient ratios of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium are M: 0.3*(D1 / D2)*M: 0.3*(D1 / D2)*M: 0.15*(D1 / D2)*M.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, the unit of the nutrient dosage is kg / hectare.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the method of precise administration in step S3 is specifically as follows:

[0025] S301. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer according to different proportions, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied as basal fertilizers at one time, magnesium fertilizers are applied as part of the basal fertilizer and the other part is applied as foliar fertilizer;

[0026] S302. During the basal fertilizer period, nitrogen fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves as foliar fertilizer.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present invention, the basal fertilizer period is late October.

[0028] As a further improvement of the present invention, the ratio of the base fertilizer to the topdressing of the nitrogen fertilizer is 50%:30%:15%, and the remaining 5% is used as foliar fertilizer.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present invention, the magnesium fertilizer is applied as 90% of the base fertilizer, and the remaining 10% is used as foliar fertilizer.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: based on the fact that there is no reasonable formula involving the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium nutrients in the current technology, especially after considering the trace elements, the technical effects of each combination need to be obtained through rigorous experiments, and it is impossible to obtain by simply adding the quantities. The present invention adopts a reasonable prediction method, accurately predicts the nutrients required by the tea tree, and performs precise fertilization, which can reduce fertilizer waste and improve fertilizer utilization. At the same time, it can also ensure the nutritional supply of the tea tree, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of the tea tree. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] A method for precise fertilization of tea-specific fertilizer, comprising:

[0033] S1. Nutrient demand prediction;

[0034] S101. Prediction model canopy construction: In spring, from April 14 to 18, mature tea gardens older than 5 years old were pruned 45-55 cm above the ground, and the density of small piles was recorded as D1. In summer, from July 20 to 15, the tea trees were pruned 65-75 cm above the ground, and the density of small piles was recorded as D2.

[0035] S102. Obtaining data: Before fertilization in October, the top 10 highest growing branches on the model tree crown were selected to measure the length L of the new shoots to obtain data, including L1, L2, L3...L10, and the diameter d of the base of the new shoots to obtain a data set, including d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8, d9, d10;

[0036] S103. Substitute the formula to calculate nutrient requirements:

[0037] Nitrogen fertilizer requirements for tea trees

[0038] The unit of the small pile density D1 and D2 is pieces / square meter; the unit of the new shoot length L is cm; the unit of the new shoot base diameter d is mm; the unit of the tea tree nitrogen fertilizer dosage is kg / hectare;

[0039] S2. Accurately calculate the fertilizer ratio; calculate the amount of each fertilizer according to the following ratio:

[0040] The ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium nutrient dosage is M: 0.3*(D1 / D2)*M: 0.3*(D1 / D2)*M: 0.15*(D1 / D2)*M;

[0041] S3. Precision application:

[0042] S301. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer according to different proportions, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied as basal fertilizers at one time, magnesium fertilizers are applied as part of the basal fertilizer and the other part is applied as foliar fertilizer;

[0043] S302. During the basal fertilizer period (late October), nitrogen fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves as foliar fertilizer.

[0044] The ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer is 50%:30%:15%, and the remaining 5% is used as foliar fertilizer.

[0045] The magnesium fertilizer is applied as 90% of the base fertilizer, and the remaining 10% is used as foliar fertilizer.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] This embodiment provides a method for precise fertilization of tea-specific fertilizer, comprising:

[0048] S1. Nutrient demand prediction:

[0049] S101. Model canopy construction: In spring, from April 14 to 18, the mature tea gardens older than 5 years old were pruned 50 cm above the ground, and the density of small piles was recorded as D1 (3256 pieces / m2). In summer, from July 20 to 15, the trees were pruned 70 cm above the ground, and the density of small piles was recorded as D2 (4180 pieces / m2).

[0050] S102. Obtaining data: Before fertilizing in October, the top 10 highest growing branches on the model crown were selected to measure the length L of the new shoots to obtain data (30.8, 22, 26.4, 10.6, 17.5, 11.8, 38.5, 26.1, 11.5, 23.5, in cm), and the diameter d of the base of the new shoots to obtain a data set (3.5, 4.1, 3.5, 3.5, 2.8, 2.8, 3.2, 3.2, 3.2, 2 in mm).

[0051] S103. Substitute the formula to calculate the nutrient requirement: Tea tree nitrogen fertilizer requirement (unit, kg / hectare)

[0052] S2. Accurate calculation of fertilizer ratio:

[0053] The nutrient dosage (unit, kg / hectare) and ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium are 271.6 kg / hectare: 63.5 kg / hectare: 63.5 kg / hectare: 21 kg / hectare.

[0054] S3. Precision application:

[0055] S301. Base fertilizer is 135.8 kg nitrogen fertilizer, 63.5 kg phosphorus fertilizer, 63.5 kg potassium fertilizer and 19 kg magnesium fertilizer per hectare;

[0056] S302. During the base fertilizer period (late October), 13.6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 2 kg of magnesium fertilizer per hectare are sprayed on the leaves as foliar fertilizer.

[0057] Test Example 1

[0058] The tea trees obtained by the precise fertilization method for tea-specific fertilizer in Example 1 of the present invention were compared with the tea trees obtained by the traditional method. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Table 1

[0060] Example 1 Traditional methods Yield 357±34kg / mu 325±45kg / mu Total fertilizer usage 28kg / mu (419.6kg / hectare) 38kg / mu (about 570kg / hectare)

[0061] It can be seen from the above table that the precise fertilization method for tea-specific fertilizer according to Example 1 of the present invention accurately predicts the nutrients required by tea trees, and precise fertilization can reduce fertilizer waste and improve fertilizer utilization. At the same time, it can also ensure the nutrient supply of tea trees, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of tea trees.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for precise fertilization of tea-specific fertilizer, characterized in that: include: S1. Nutrient demand prediction; S2. Accurate calculation of fertilizer ratio; S3. Precision application; The method for predicting nutrient demand in step S1 is specifically as follows: S101. Prediction model canopy construction: In spring, from April 14 to 18, mature tea gardens older than 5 years old were pruned 45-55 cm above the ground, and the density of small piles was recorded as D1. In summer, from July 20 to 15, the tea trees were pruned 65-75 cm above the ground, and the density of small piles was recorded as D2. S102. Obtain data: Before fertilization in October, select the top 10 branches with the highest growth on the model tree crown to measure the length L of the new shoot to obtain data, including L1, L2, L3...L10, and the diameter d of the base of the new shoot to obtain a data set, including d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8, d9, d10; S103. Substitute the formula to calculate nutrient requirements: Nitrogen fertilizer requirements for tea trees ; The unit of the small pile density D1 and D2 is pieces / square meter; the unit of the new shoot length L is cm; the unit of the new shoot base diameter d is mm; the unit of the tea tree nitrogen fertilizer dosage is kg / hectare; In spring, the mature tea gardens over 5 years old are pruned 50 cm above the ground, and in summer, from July 20 to 15, they are pruned 70 cm above the ground; The method for accurately calculating the fertilizer ratio in step S2 is as follows: Calculate the amount of each fertilizer according to the following ratio The ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: magnesium nutrient dosage is M: 0.3*(D1 / D2)*M: 0.3*(D1 / D2)* M: 0.15* (D1 / D2)*M; The unit of nutrient dosage is kg / hectare; The method of precise administration in step S3 is specifically as follows: S301. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer according to different proportions, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied as basal fertilizers at one time, magnesium fertilizers are applied as part of the basal fertilizer and the other part is applied as foliar fertilizer; S302. Nitrogen fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer during the basal fertilizer period are sprayed on the leaves as foliar fertilizer; The base fertilizer period is late October; The ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer is 50%:30%:15%, and the remaining 5% is used as foliar fertilizer; The magnesium fertilizer is applied as 90% as base fertilizer, and the remaining 10% is used as foliar fertilizer.

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