High heat load neutron target system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of neutron source, and particularly provides a high-heat-carrying neutron target system, which aims to solve the problem of poor heat dissipation capacity of the neutron target system. To this end, the high-heat-carrying neutron target system comprises a base and a jet cylinder, the base comprises a first end portion and a second end portion; the jet cylinder is wrapped on the outer side of the base; and the high-heat-carrying neutron target system further comprises a turbulence structure, the turbulence structure comprises a first heat dissipation structure and a second heat dissipation structure for flowing cooling medium, the first heat dissipation structure is arranged on the base and penetrates through the base in the direction from the first end portion to the second end portion; and the second heat dissipation structure is arranged on the jet cylinder, the second heat dissipation structure is communicated with the first heat dissipation structure, and the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation structure flows into the first heat dissipation structure in a preset direction to form turbulence for the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure. In the present application, the second heat dissipation structure is used to effectively increase the turbulence degree of the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure, thereby greatly improving the heat exchange effect of the neutron target system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of neutron source, and particularly provides a high-heat-carrying neutron target system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fusion neutron generator is a device that generates fusion reaction and releases high-energy neutrons by using high-energy ion beam to bombard the target surface. The neutron target is the core component of the neutron generator, which generally comprises a target film prepared on the surface of a substrate. During operation, the target film and the beam bombarding the target surface react and release neutrons, and the heat generated during the neutron release process is removed through the copper substrate with high thermal conductivity and the cooling medium flowing in the substrate.

[0003] Limited by the beam capacity and the heat dissipation capacity of the substrate, theoretically, the higher the beam capacity is, the higher the neutron yield is. However, when the temperature of the beam bombarding area on the surface of the target film is higher than 250℃, the neutron yield of the neutron target will decrease sharply.

[0004] At present, the two-layer planar structure of titanium film-copper substrate is commonly used in the neutron target system. Limited by the structural characteristics of the planar structure and the heat dissipation design of the substrate, the neutron yield of the existing fixed neutron target system based on the continuous beam is mainly in the range of 10 6 ~10 8 n / s (DD). However, this range greatly limits the application of the neutron generator, such as the neutron yield requirement of the neutron generator for neutron radiography, which is required to be above 10 9 n / s (DD). SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to solve the above technical problems, i.e., to solve the problem of poor heat dissipation capacity of the existing neutron target system.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a high-heat-carrying neutron target system, which comprises a substrate and a jet cylinder.

[0007] The substrate comprises a first end portion and a second end portion, and the cross-sectional size of the first end portion is larger than that of the second end portion.

[0008] The jet cylinder is wrapped on the outer side surface of the substrate.

[0009] Further comprising a turbulence structure, the turbulence structure comprises a first heat dissipation structure and a second heat dissipation structure for flowing cooling medium, and the first heat dissipation structure is arranged on the substrate and penetrates through the substrate along the direction from the first end portion to the second end portion.

[0010] The second heat dissipation structure is arranged on the jet cylinder and is in communication with the first heat dissipation structure, wherein the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation structure flows into the first heat dissipation structure in a preset direction to form a turbulent flow to the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure.

[0011] In the high-heat-carrying neutron target system, the first heat dissipation structure comprises a plurality of first heat dissipation channels, a plurality of first liquid inlet ports and a liquid outlet port.

[0012] The plurality of first heat dissipation channels are uniformly arranged around the base along the direction from the first end to the second end.

[0013] The plurality of first heat dissipation channels are arranged at the end of the second end and are in communication with the liquid outlet port arranged on the jet cylinder.

[0014] The plurality of first liquid inlet ports are arranged around the first end and are in communication with the plurality of first heat dissipation channels.

[0015] In the high-heat-carrying neutron target system, the cross-sectional shape of the first liquid inlet port comprises one or more of a circle, an ellipse, and a regular polygon.

[0016] In the high-heat-carrying neutron target system, the shape of the first heat dissipation channel comprises one or more of a straight line, a broken line, and a wave along the direction from the first end to the second end.

[0017] In the high-heat-carrying neutron target system, the second heat dissipation structure comprises a second heat dissipation channel, a second liquid inlet port and a jet hole in communication with the second heat dissipation channel, respectively.

[0018] The number of the second heat dissipation channels is at least one, and the second heat dissipation channels are arranged in the jet cylinder.

[0019] The number of the second liquid inlet ports is a plurality, and the plurality of second liquid inlet ports are arranged on the end face of the jet cylinder facing the first end.

[0020] The number of the jet holes is a plurality, and the plurality of jet holes are arranged on the inner wall of the jet cylinder, wherein the jet holes are in communication with the first heat dissipation channels.

[0021] In the high-heat-carrying neutron target system, the cross-sectional shape of the jet hole comprises one or more of a circle, a rhombus, and a regular polygon.

[0022] In the high-heat-carrying neutron target system, the base is made of a composite material, and the composite material comprises a first material and a second material.

[0023] The second material is doped in part of the first material, and the doping concentration of the second material ranges from 0 to 60%;

[0024] The outer wall of the first material abuts against the inner wall of the fluid jet cylinder, or the outer wall of the doping position of the first material and the second material abuts against the inner wall of the fluid jet cylinder;

[0025] The first material comprises copper, and the second material comprises diamond.

[0026] In the preferred technical solution of the high-heat-carrying neutron target system, the doping concentration of the second material decreases in turn from the outer wall of the substrate to the inner wall of the substrate.

[0027] In the preferred technical solution of the high-heat-carrying neutron target system, the substrate is a hollow cone structure, and the angle of the cone surface of the cone structure ranges from 5° to 80°.

[0028] The inner wall of the cone structure is attached with a target film, and the thickness of the target film ranges from 100 μm to 500 μm.

[0029] In the preferred technical solution of the high-heat-carrying neutron target system, the material of the target film comprises one or more combinations of titanium, molybdenum, zirconium, beryllium, lithium and alloys thereof.

[0030] In the case of using the above technical solution, the second heat dissipation structure is in communication with the first heat dissipation structure, and the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation structure flows into the first heat dissipation structure in a preset direction to form a turbulence effect on the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure, effectively increasing the turbulence degree of the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure, thereby greatly improving the heat exchange effect and heat dissipation capacity of the high-heat-carrying neutron target system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0032] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a partial structure schematic diagram of a high-heat-carrying neutron target system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0033] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a structure schematic diagram of a substrate according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0034] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a partial structure schematic diagram of a fluid jet cylinder according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0035] Legend of reference signs:

[0036] 1. Base; 11. First end; 12. Second end; 13. Protrusion;

[0037] 2. Jet tube; 21. Step;

[0038] 3. Turbulence structure; 31. First heat dissipation structure; 311. First heat dissipation channel; 312. First liquid inlet; 313. Liquid outlet; 32. Second heat dissipation structure; 321. Second heat dissipation channel; 322. Second liquid inlet; 323. Jet hole;

[0039] 4. Target membrane;

[0040] 10. High-heat neutron target system. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a high-thermal-load neutron target system 10. The high-thermal-load neutron target system 10 includes a substrate 1 and a jet tube 2.

[0044] The base 1 includes a first end 11 and a second end 12. The first end 11 and the second end 12 are arranged opposite to each other. It should be noted that, along the length extension direction of the base 1, taking the base 1 as an example of being arranged horizontally, the first end 11 can be understood as the left end of the base 1, and the second end 12 can be understood as the right end of the base 1. Alternatively, the first end 11 can be understood as the right end of the base 1, and the second end 12 can be understood as the left end of the base 1.

[0045] When the base 1 is arranged in a vertical direction, the first end 11 can be understood as the upper end of the base 1, and the second end 12 can be understood as the lower end of the base 1. Alternatively, the first end 11 can be understood as the lower end of the base 1, and the second end 12 can be understood as the upper end of the base 1.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the base 1 may adopt a conical structure, that is, the diameter or length of one end of the base 10 is greater than the diameter or length of the other end. Regardless of the orientation of the base 1, the end of the base 1 with the larger diameter or length is defined as the first end 11, and the end of the base 1 with the smaller diameter or length is defined as the second end 12.

[0047] The jet cylinder 2 is wrapped on the outer side of the substrate 1. It should be noted that the jet cylinder 2 can be semi-wrapped on the outer side of the substrate 1. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 1 for example, the jet cylinder 2 is fully wrapped on the outer side of the substrate 1.

[0048] Referring to Figure 1 , the high-heat-carrying neutron target system 10 further comprises a turbulence structure 3. The turbulence structure 3 comprises a first heat dissipation structure 31 and a second heat dissipation structure 32. Both the first heat dissipation structure 31 and the second heat dissipation structure 32 are used to flow through the cooling medium. The cooling medium is used to heat-exchange and cool the high-heat-carrying neutron target system to ensure the normal operation of the high-heat-carrying neutron target system. The cooling medium can include but is not limited to one or more of water, fluorinated liquid, alcohol, freon refrigerant and nanofluid.

[0049] Continuing to refer to 1, along the extension direction from the first end 11 to the second end 12, the first heat dissipation structure 31 is arranged on the substrate 1 and penetrates through the substrate 1 to realize heat-exchange and cooling of the substrate 1 by the cooling medium flowing through the first heat dissipation structure 31.

[0050] The second heat dissipation structure 32 is arranged on the jet cylinder 32. Specifically, the second heat dissipation structure 32 is arranged inside the jet cylinder 2, and the second heat dissipation structure 32 is arranged along the length direction of the jet cylinder 2. The second heat dissipation structure 32 is in communication with the first heat dissipation structure 31, that is, the outlet end of the second heat dissipation structure 32 is in communication with the first heat dissipation structure 31, so that the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation structure 32 flows into the first heat dissipation structure 31 in a preset direction to form turbulence for the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure 31.

[0051] The flow direction of the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure 31 is defined as the first direction X, that is, the direction from the first end 11 to the second end 12. The flow direction of the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation structure 31 into the first heat dissipation structure is defined as the second direction Y. In the plane parallel to the first direction X, the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X; or, in the direction close to the second end 12, the second direction Y is inclinedly arranged at a preset angle between the first direction X, and the range of the preset angle is between 30° and 90°. In the plane perpendicular to the first direction X, the second direction Y can intersect the first direction X at a certain inclination angle.

[0052] In this embodiment, the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation structure 32 can be injected into the first heat dissipation structure 31 at a certain injection pressure, thereby increasing the disturbance degree of the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure 31, and further enhancing the heat exchange effect of the first heat dissipation structure 31. It should be noted that the disturbance degree of the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure 31 can include but is not limited to the flowability or rolling degree of the cooling medium. When the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation structure 32 is injected into the first heat dissipation structure 31, it will affect the flow direction of the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure 31, so that the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure 31 rolls while flowing in the first direction X, thereby increasing the rolling effect of the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure 31 and the second heat dissipation structure 32, and increasing the residence time of the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure 31, thereby effectively improving the heat dissipation capacity and heat exchange effect of the high-heat-load neutron target system 10.

[0053] As shown in Figure 2 and shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the first heat dissipation structure 31 includes a plurality of first heat dissipation channels 311, a plurality of first liquid inlets 312, and a liquid outlet 313.

[0054] Along the first direction X (i.e., the direction from the first end 11 to the second end 12), the plurality of first heat dissipation channels 311 are uniformly arranged on the base 1. Specifically, the plurality of first heat dissipation channels 311 are arranged on the outer side surface of the base 1. In one example, a plurality of arrayed heat dissipation partitions can be arranged on the outer side surface of the base 1, and two adjacent heat dissipation partitions cooperate with the outer side surface of the base 1 and the inner wall of the jet cylinder 2 to form a first heat dissipation channel 311 for circulating the cooling medium. The depth of the first heat dissipation channel 311 is 0.5mm-4mm, and the width is 0.5mm-3mm, so as to ensure that the plurality of first heat dissipation channels 311 can circulate appropriate cooling medium, thereby ensuring the cooling and heat exchange effect of the high-heat-load neutron target system.

[0055] The plurality of first heat dissipation channels 311 are located at the end of the second end 12 and are in communication with the liquid outlet 313 arranged on the jet cylinder 2.

[0056] The plurality of first liquid inlets 312 are arranged around the first end 11, and each first liquid inlet 312 can be in communication with one or more first heat dissipation channels 311. The cooling medium enters the first heat dissipation channels 311 from the plurality of first liquid inlets 312, and the cooling medium in the plurality of first heat dissipation channels 311 completes the heat exchange and cooling of the high-heat-load neutron target system 10 and then flows out from the liquid outlet 313.

[0057] In the embodiment, the first heat dissipation channels 311 are located at the end of the second end portion 12, that is, the diameter or length dimension of the first end portion 11 of the base 1 is greater than that of the second end portion 12. With the structure of the base 1, the heating area of the target film arranged on the surface of the base 1 can be effectively increased, the heat dissipation pressure of the base 1 can be effectively reduced, and the target film on the surface of the base 1 can also receive a beam current with higher energy, thereby improving the neutron yield.

[0058] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the first liquid inlet 312 can include, but is not limited to, one or more of a circle, an ellipse, and a regular polygon. The cross-sectional shape of the first liquid inlet 312 can also be any combination of several shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, and a regular polygon. For example, the cross-sectional shape of part of the first liquid inlet 312 is a circle, the cross-sectional shape of part of the first liquid inlet 312 is an ellipse, or the cross-sectional shape of part of the first liquid inlet 312 is a regular polygon. The cross-sectional shape of the first liquid inlet 312 can be determined according to the cross-sectional shape of the pipe interface for conveying the cooling medium. It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the first liquid inlet 312 can also be other shapes such as a dome or an arch, and the like, as long as the cooling medium can be smoothly conveyed into the first heat dissipation channel 311.

[0059] As shown in Figure 2 and in combination with Figure 1 In some embodiments, the shape of the first heat dissipation channel 311 along the first end portion 11 to the second end portion 12, that is, along the first direction X, includes one or more of a straight line, a broken line, and a wave shape, so as to ensure that the cooling medium can flow smoothly in the first heat dissipation channel 311.

[0060] As shown in Figure 3 In some embodiments, the second heat dissipation structure 32 includes a second heat dissipation channel 321, and a second liquid inlet 322 and a jet hole 323 respectively communicating with the second heat dissipation channel 321.

[0061] The second heat dissipation channel 321 is arranged in the jet cylinder 2. Specifically, the second heat dissipation channel 321 is arranged in the side wall of the jet cylinder 2 along the first direction X. The number of the second heat dissipation channel 321 is at least one. When the number of the second heat dissipation channel 321 is one, the second heat dissipation channel 321 can be an annular channel and is arranged around the side wall of the jet cylinder 2. When the number of the second heat dissipation channel 321 is multiple, the multiple second heat dissipation channels 321 are uniformly arrayed in the side wall of the jet cylinder 2. It should be noted that, along the longitudinal cross-sectional direction of the jet cylinder 2 (that is, the plane perpendicular to the first direction X), the two adjacent second heat dissipation channels 321 can be in communication with each other or not.

[0062] There are multiple second inlets 322, which are evenly arranged on the end face of the jet tube 2 facing the first end 11. The second inlets 322 are spaced apart around the first inlet 312. The cross-sectional shape of the second inlet 322 may be the same as or different from that of the first inlet 312. For example, in one example, both the first inlet 312 and the second inlet 322 have circular cross-sectional shapes. In another example, the first inlet 312 has an elliptical or oblong hole structure, and the second inlet 322 has a circular cross-sectional shape.

[0063] There are multiple jet holes 323, which are arranged in an array on the inner wall of the jet cylinder 2. The jet holes 323 are connected to the first heat dissipation channel 311 so as to draw the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation channel 322 into the first heat dissipation channel 311 at a certain pressure, thereby achieving a turbulence effect on the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation channel 311.

[0064] The jet orifice 323 can be set at a predetermined angle so that the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation channel 321 flows into the first heat dissipation channel 311 at a predetermined angle. Referring to the above embodiment, taking a plane parallel to the first direction X as a cross-section, the second direction Y (i.e., the flow direction of the cooling medium in the jet orifice 323 flowing into the first heat dissipation channel 311) is perpendicular to the first direction X; or, in an orientation close to the second end 12, the second direction Y is inclined at a predetermined angle to the first direction X, and the predetermined angle is in the range of 30° to 90°. Taking a plane perpendicular to the first direction X as a longitudinal section, the second direction Y can intersect the first direction X at a certain inclination angle.

[0065] In this embodiment, the structural design of the jet hole 323 is used to cause the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation channel 321 to interfere with the flow state of the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation channel 311, causing turbulence in the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation channel 311 during the flow process. This increases the degree of turbulence of the merged cooling medium in the first heat dissipation channel 311 and increases the time the merged cooling medium stays in the first heat dissipation channel 311, thereby improving the heat exchange effect and heat dissipation capacity of the high heat-carrying neutron target system.

[0066] Reference Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the jet orifice 323 includes one or more of the following: circular, rhomboid, and regular polygon, so that the cooling medium in the second heat dissipation channel 321 can be smoothly input into the first heat dissipation channel 311 and merge with the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation channel 311. The equivalent diameter of the jet orifice 323 is 1mm to 15mm. The cross-sectional shape of the jet orifice 323 can also be any combination of several shapes, including circular, rhomboid, and regular polygon. For example, some jet orifices 323 have a circular cross-sectional shape, while others have a rhomboid or regular polygon cross-sectional shape.

[0067] In some embodiments, the substrate 1 is made of a composite material. The composite material includes a first material (not shown in the figure) and a second material (not shown in the figure). The composite material substrate 1 can be prepared by methods such as powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, plasma sintering, spray deposition, and mechanical alloying.

[0068] A second material is doped into the first material, and the doping concentration of the second material ranges from 0% to 60%. The outer wall of the first material abuts against the inner wall of the jet tube 2. Alternatively, the outer walls of the doping sites of the first and second materials abut against the inner wall of the jet tube 2. The first material may include, but is not limited to, copper, and the second material may include, but is not limited to, diamond.

[0069] In one example, the doping concentration of the second material decreases sequentially from the outer wall to the inner wall of substrate 1. The bonding strength between the target film 4 and the copper material on the inner surface of substrate 1 is much higher than the bonding strength between the target film 4 and the diamond material. At the interface with the target film 4, the diamond content in substrate 1 is designed to be zero. From the inner surface of substrate 1 to the outer surface, the diamond content gradually increases to 50% or 60%. Compared to the thermal conductivity of approximately 400 W / m·K of substrates made of pure copper in the prior art, the thermal conductivity of substrate 1 made of the aforementioned gradient functional composite material in this embodiment can be greater than 1000 W / m·K, thereby significantly increasing the overall thermal conductivity of substrate 1 while ensuring the bonding strength between the target film 4 and substrate 1. Furthermore, the gradual change in diamond content also avoids cracking caused by stress concentration within the material of substrate 1.

[0070] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the base 1 is a hollow cone structure, for example, the base 1 is a hollow circular cone structure. The angle range of the apex angle of the cone structure is 5° to 80°.

[0071] A target film 4 is attached to the inner wall of the cone structure and is bonded to the substrate 1 by welding or coating. The material of the target film 4 may be one or more combinations of titanium, molybdenum, zirconium, beryllium, lithium, and their alloys, including but not limited to titanium, molybdenum, zirconium, beryllium, lithium, and their alloys. The thickness of the target film 4 is 100 μm to 500 μm to meet the neutron yield requirements of high-thermal-loaded neutron targets.

[0072] In this embodiment, the conical structure of the substrate 1, made with a conical structure, can expand the heated area of ​​the target film 4 to 2 to 10 times the true size of the beam spot, reducing the average heat flux density of the heated surface of the target film 4. Compared with the planar target structure, this significantly reduces the heat dissipation pressure on the substrate 1. This conical target structure allows the high-heat-carrying neutron target system to receive higher-energy beam bombardment, thereby effectively increasing neutron yield.

[0073] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 and combined Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, a step 21 is provided on the inner wall of the jet tube 2 near the first end 11, and a protrusion 13 is provided on the outer wall of the base 1 near the first end 11. The protrusion 13 can be engaged with the step 21 to position the base 1 inside the jet tube 2, so as to facilitate the overall assembly of the high-heat-carrying neutron target system.

[0074] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the high-heat-carrying neutron target system of this embodiment, the substrate 1 adopts a conical structure with a cone angle of 30° and a hollow interior. The target film 4 is made of pure titanium, with a thickness of 100 μm, and is connected to the substrate 1 by welding. The main material of the substrate 1 is copper, and the diamond content in the substrate is 0-50 vol%, with the diamond content increasing sequentially from the inner wall to the outer wall of the substrate 1 in a vertical direction. The first heat dissipation channel 311 adopts a linear array and is evenly distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the substrate 1. The depth of the first heat dissipation channel 311 is 2 mm and the width is 1 mm.

[0075] Based on the above structural design, the fine-channel cooling of the first heat dissipation channel 311, combined with the jet cooling of the second heat dissipation channel 321 and the jet hole 323, effectively improves the turbulence of the cooling medium in the substrate 1, thereby enhancing the heat transfer effect of the substrate 1. Under the bombardment conditions of 210kV and 35mA deuterium ion beam, the neutron yield reaches as high as 2X10 10 n / s, and the target surface temperature is only 180℃.

[0076] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-thermal-carrying neutron target system, characterized in that, Including the base and jet tube; The substrate includes a first end and a second end, wherein the cross-sectional dimension of the first end is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the second end; The jet tube covers the outer surface of the substrate; It also includes a turbulence structure, which includes a first heat dissipation structure and a second heat dissipation structure for circulating cooling medium. Along the direction from the first end to the second end, the first heat dissipation structure is disposed on the substrate and penetrates the substrate. The second heat dissipation structure is disposed on the jet tube and is connected to the first heat dissipation structure. The cooling medium in the second heat dissipation structure flows into the first heat dissipation structure in a preset direction to create turbulence in the cooling medium in the first heat dissipation structure. The first heat dissipation structure includes a plurality of first heat dissipation channels, a plurality of first liquid inlets, and a liquid outlet; the plurality of first heat dissipation channels are uniformly arranged around the substrate along the direction from the first end to the second end; wherein the ends of the plurality of first heat dissipation channels at the second end intersect and communicate with the liquid outlet provided on the jet tube; the plurality of first liquid inlets are arranged around the first end and communicate with the plurality of first heat dissipation channels; The second heat dissipation structure includes a second heat dissipation channel, and a second liquid inlet and a jet hole respectively connected to the second heat dissipation channel; the number of the second heat dissipation channel is at least one, and the second heat dissipation channel is disposed inside the jet cylinder; the number of the second liquid inlet is multiple, and multiple second liquid inlets are disposed on the end face of the jet cylinder facing the first end; the number of the jet hole is multiple, and multiple jet holes are disposed on the inner wall of the jet cylinder, wherein the jet hole is connected to the first heat dissipation channel.

2. The high thermal neutron target system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the first liquid inlet includes one or more of the following: circular, elliptical, and regular polygonal.

3. The high-thermal-carrying-neutron target system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction from the first end to the second end, the shape of the first heat dissipation channel includes one or more of the following: straight line, broken line, and wavy.

4. The high-thermal-carrying-neutron target system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the jet orifice includes one or more of the following: circular, rhomboid, and regular polygon.

5. The high-thermal-carrying-neutron target system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is made of a composite material, which includes a first material and a second material; The second material is doped into a portion of the first material, and the doping concentration of the second material ranges from 0% to 60%. Wherein, the outer wall of the first material abuts against the inner wall of the jet tube, or the outer walls of the doping sites of the first material and the second material abut against the inner wall of the jet tube; The first material includes copper, and the second material includes diamond.

6. The high-thermal-carrying-neutron target system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The doping concentration of the second material decreases sequentially from the outer wall of the substrate to the inner wall of the substrate.

7. The high thermal neutron target system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The base is a hollow cone structure, and the angle of the cone surface apex of the cone structure ranges from 5° to 80°. The inner wall of the cone structure is fitted with a target membrane, wherein the thickness of the target membrane is 100μm to 500μm.

8. The high thermal neutron target system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The target film is made of one or more of titanium, molybdenum, zirconium, beryllium, lithium, and their alloys.

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