A non-invasive fault diagnosis device and method for a multi-stack fuel cell system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a non-invasive multi-stack fuel cell system fault diagnosis device and method in the technical field of fuel cell fault diagnosis; it includes a multi-stack fuel cell subsystem provided with a power detection unit, a hydrogen supply subsystem provided with a hydrogen detection unit, an air supply subsystem provided with an air detection unit, a water and heat pipeline subsystem provided with a cooling water detection unit, and an information acquisition and fault diagnosis subsystem. The information acquisition and fault diagnosis subsystem is electrically connected to the power detection unit, the hydrogen detection unit, the air detection unit, and the cooling water detection unit respectively, and is used to receive the detected real-time information. The present invention first determines the fault information by comparing the real-time information with the preset information, and then adjusts the power output of the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem according to the fault information to ensure the normal power output of the multi-stack fuel cell system; at the same time, by controlling the actions of the subsystems of the multi-stack fuel cell system and alleviating or eliminating the faults, the multi-stack fuel cell system can operate normally.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell fault diagnosis, and particularly to a non-invasive fault diagnosis device and method for a multi-stack fuel cell system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, new energy technologies have been developing well and rapidly under the background of the rapid development of the world. Among them, fuel cell technology, which uses new energy and renewable energy hydrogen as the main power source, has attracted much attention in the fields of vehicle engineering, transportation, aerospace, and distributed power generation due to its high energy efficiency, low working temperature, low noise, and pollution-free advantages.

[0003] At present, the fuel cell stack can already reach a rated output power of 240 kW. However, when facing high-power or complex working conditions, a multi-stack fuel cell system composed of multiple fuel cell stacks is usually used to improve the output power and working efficiency. Compared with a single-stack fuel cell system, due to the changes in the structure and working mode of the multi-stack fuel cell system, when using the diagnostic method of detecting each subsystem of the single-stack fuel cell system one by one to diagnose the multi-stack fuel cell system, not only does it require setting up a fault diagnosis module and a controller for each fuel cell stack, but also there are problems of low efficiency and affecting the normal output of power. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a non-invasive fault diagnosis device for a multi-stack fuel cell system to solve the technical problems of low efficiency and affecting the normal output of power existing in the existing multi-stack fuel cell diagnosis method.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A non-invasive fault diagnosis device for a multi-stack fuel cell system, comprising:

[0006] A power detection unit, which is arranged on the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem and is used to detect the real-time information of the output power;

[0007] A hydrogen detection unit, which is arranged on the hydrogen supply subsystem connected to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem and is used to detect the real-time information of the hydrogen supply;

[0008] An air detection unit, which is arranged on the air supply subsystem connected to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem and is used to detect the real-time information of the air supply;

[0009] A cooling water detection unit, which is arranged on the water and heat pipeline subsystem connected to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem and is used to detect the real-time information of the cooling water temperature;

[0010] An information acquisition and fault diagnosis subsystem, which is electrically connected to the power detection unit, the hydrogen detection unit, the air detection unit, and the cooling water detection unit respectively, and is used to receive the real-time information and compare it with the preset information to determine the fault information.

[0011] Preferably, the information acquisition and fault diagnosis subsystem includes a signal collector, a fault diagnoser, and a controller. The signal collector is electrically connected to the power detection unit, the hydrogen detection unit, the air detection unit, and the cooling water detection unit, and is used to receive the real-time information; the fault diagnoser is electrically connected to the signal collector and is used to compare the preset information with the real-time information and determine the fault information; the controller is electrically connected to the fault diagnoser and is used to receive the fault information and control the multi-stack fuel cell system to output constant power, and at the same time control the hydrogen supply subsystem, the air supply subsystem, and / or the water heat pipeline subsystem to act and solve the fault.

[0012] Preferably, the power detection unit includes a voltmeter and an ammeter arranged on the output circuit of the fuel cell stack. The voltmeter is used to detect the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, and the ammeter is used to detect the output current of the fuel cell stack.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrogen supply subsystem includes a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, an in-stack hydrogen common rail pipe, an intake solenoid valve A, a back pressure valve A, and an out-stack hydrogen common rail pipe arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline; the hydrogen detection unit is used to detect the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, the internal pressure and temperature of the in-stack hydrogen common rail pipe, the in-stack hydrogen pressure and flow rate at the intake solenoid valve A, the out-stack hydrogen pressure and flow rate at the back pressure valve A, and the internal pressure and temperature of the out-stack hydrogen common rail pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the air supply subsystem includes a booster device, an air buffer tank, an in-stack air common rail pipe, an intake solenoid valve B, a back pressure valve B, and an out-stack air common rail pipe arranged on the air supply pipeline; the air detection unit is used to detect the pressure of the boosted air, the inlet air flow rate of the air buffer tank, the internal pressure and temperature of the air buffer tank, the outlet air flow rate of the air buffer tank, the in-stack air flow rate and pressure at the intake solenoid valve B, and the out-stack air flow rate and pressure at the back pressure valve B.

[0015] Preferably, the cooling water detection unit includes a first temperature sensor C and a second temperature sensor C. The first temperature sensor C is arranged at the inlet of the fuel cell stack and is used to detect the inlet cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack; the second temperature sensor C is arranged at the outlet of the fuel cell stack and is used to detect the outlet cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a non-invasive fault diagnosis method for a multi-stack fuel cell system. The method includes the following steps:

[0017] Obtain the real-time information of the multi-stack fuel cell system;

[0018] Judge whether the real-time information is the same as the preset information; if not, determine that the multi-stack fuel cell system fails;

[0019] Determine the fault information through the comparison between the real-time information and the preset information;

[0020] Adjust the output power of the fuel cell stack according to the fault information, and make the multi-stack fuel cell system output at a constant power;

[0021] Control the subsystems of the multi-stack fuel cell system to perform preset actions to solve the fault according to the fault information.

[0022] Preferably, obtaining the real-time information of the multi-stack fuel cell system specifically includes:

[0023] Obtain the output voltage and output current of each fuel cell stack in the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem;

[0024] Obtain the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, the internal pressure and temperature of the hydrogen common rail pipe entering the stack, the hydrogen pressure and flow rate entering the stack, the hydrogen pressure and flow rate leaving the stack, and the internal pressure and temperature of the hydrogen common rail pipe leaving the stack in the hydrogen supply subsystem;

[0025] Obtain the air pressure at the outlet of the supercharger, the internal pressure and temperature of the air buffer tank, the flow rate at the outlet of the air buffer tank, the air flow rate and pressure entering the stack, and the air flow rate and pressure leaving the stack in the air supply subsystem;

[0026] Obtain the inlet cooling water temperature and the outlet cooling water temperature in the water heat pipeline subsystem.

[0027] Preferably, the fault information includes the fault location and the fault type.

[0028] Preferably, adjusting the output power of the fuel cell stack according to the fault information and making the multi-stack fuel cell system output at a constant power specifically includes: reducing the output power of the faulty stack and increasing the output power of the normal stack according to the fault information, so that the multi-stack fuel cell system outputs at a constant power.

[0029] Advantages of the present invention:

[0030] The present invention uses an integrated approach to connect the signal collector with the sensors in each subsystem of the multi-stack fuel cell system, achieving the acquisition of multi-dimensional real-time information of the multi-stack fuel cell system; and judging the system fault information through the prior fault types and normal operation information built in the fault diagnosis device to achieve rapid fault diagnosis; then, the controller adjusts the power output of each fuel cell stack according to the fault information to ensure the normal power output of the multi-stack fuel cell system; at the same time, the controller controls the actions of the subsystems of the multi-stack fuel cell system and alleviates or eliminates the faults, enabling the multi-stack fuel cell system to operate normally, thereby ensuring the durability of the multi-stack fuel cell system and extending its service life. Description of the drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the non-intrusive multi-stack fuel cell system fault diagnosis device of the present invention.

[0032] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0033] 100, hydrogen supply subsystem;

[0034] 101, high-pressure hydrogen cylinder; 102, first pressure sensor A; 103, manual valve; 104, first-stage pressure reducing valve A; 105, second-stage pressure reducing valve A; 106, hydrogen inlet common rail pipe; 107, second pressure sensor A; 108, first temperature sensor A; 109, intake solenoid valve A; 110, third pressure sensor A; 111, first flowmeter A; 112, fourth pressure sensor A; 113, second flowmeter A; 114, back pressure valve A; 115, water-gas separator A; 116, hydrogen outlet common rail pipe; 117, fifth pressure sensor A; 118, second temperature sensor A; 119, hydrogen circulation pump; 120, ejector; 121, hydrogen discharge valve;

[0035] 200, multi-stack fuel cell subsystem;

[0036] 201, fuel cell stack; 202, voltmeter; 203, ammeter;

[0037] 300, air supply subsystem;

[0038] 301. Gas filter; 302. Boosting device; 303. First pressure sensor B; 304. First-stage pressure reducing valve B; 305. Second-stage pressure reducing valve B; 306. First flowmeter B; 307. Air buffer tank; 308. Second pressure sensor B; 309. First temperature sensor B; 310. Second flowmeter B; 311. Humidification passage valve; 312. Non-humidification passage valve; 313. Humidifier; 314. In-pile air common rail pipe; 315. Intake solenoid valve B; 316. Third flowmeter B; 317. Third pressure sensor B; 318. Fourth flowmeter B; 319. Fourth pressure sensor B; 320. Back pressure valve B; 321. Out-of-pile air common rail pipe; 322. Water-gas separator B; 323. Exhaust valve

[0039] 400. Hydrothermal pipeline subsystem

[0040] 401. Water tank; 402. Water pump; 403. Cooling water inlet three-way valve; 404. First temperature sensor C; 405. Second temperature sensor C; 406. Mixing valve; 407. Mixer; 408. Deionizer; 409. Three-way selection valve; 410. Radiator

[0041] 500. Information acquisition and fault diagnosis subsystem

[0042] 501. Signal collector; 502. Fault diagnoser; 503. Controller Detailed implementation manners

[0043] The following further elaborates on the detailed implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These implementation manners are only used to illustrate the present invention; rather than limiting the present invention

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0047] Embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a non-invasive multi-stack fuel cell system fault diagnosis device is used to achieve the automated and rapid detection of faults in the multi-stack fuel cell system, maintain the constant output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system, and quickly eliminate faults. The fault diagnosis device includes:

[0048] A power detection unit is arranged on the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200 and is used to detect the real-time information of the output power.

[0049] A hydrogen detection unit is arranged on the hydrogen supply subsystem 100 and is used to detect the real-time information of the hydrogen supply; the hydrogen supply subsystem 100 is connected to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200 and is used to supply hydrogen to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200.

[0050] An air detection unit is arranged on the air supply subsystem 300 and is used to detect the real-time information of the air supply; the air supply subsystem 300 is connected to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200 and is used to supply air to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200.

[0051] A cooling water detection unit is arranged on the water and heat pipeline subsystem 400 and is used to detect the real-time information of the cooling water temperature; the water and heat pipeline subsystem 400 is connected to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200 and is used to supply cooling water to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200.

[0052] An information acquisition and fault diagnosis subsystem 500 is electrically connected to the power detection unit, the hydrogen detection unit, the air detection unit, and the cooling water detection unit respectively, and is used to receive the real-time information of the output power, the real-time information of the hydrogen supply, the real-time information of the air supply, and the real-time information of the cooling water temperature, and determine the fault information by comparing with the preset information.

[0053] In this application, first, the information collection and fault diagnosis subsystem 500 is electrically connected to the detection units in each subsystem of the multi-stack fuel cell system to obtain multi-dimensional real-time information of the multi-stack fuel cell system. Then, by comparing the built-in prior fault types and normal operation information with the obtained real-time information, the fault information of the multi-stack fuel cell system is determined, thereby realizing the rapid diagnosis of faults in the multi-stack fuel cell system. Then, through the information collection and fault diagnosis subsystem 500, the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system is adjusted, and each subsystem of the multi-stack fuel cell system is controlled to execute preset actions to relieve or eliminate faults, so that the multi-stack fuel cell system operates normally, thereby ensuring the durability of the multi-stack fuel cell system and extending its service life.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the information collection and fault diagnosis subsystem 500 includes a signal collector 501, a fault diagnoser 502, and a controller 503. The signal collector 501 is electrically connected to the power detection unit, the hydrogen detection unit, the air detection unit, and the cooling water detection unit respectively, and is used to receive the real-time information of the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200, the real-time information of the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen supply subsystem 100, the real-time information of the air supply of the air supply subsystem 300, and the real-time information of the cooling water temperature of the water and heat pipeline subsystem 400. The fault diagnoser 502 is electrically connected to the signal collector 501. The fault diagnoser 502 has preset information and prior fault types built in, and is used to compare the preset information with the received real-time information and determine the fault information. The controller 503 is electrically connected to the fault diagnoser 502, and is used to receive the fault information and control the multi-stack fuel cell system to output at a constant power. At the same time, the controller 503 controls the hydrogen supply subsystem 100, the air supply subsystem 300, and / or the water and heat pipeline subsystem 400 to execute the fault elimination actions built in the fault diagnoser 502, so that the multi-stack fuel cell system resumes normal operation. Such a setting is because: first, the signal collector 501 collects the real-time information of each subsystem of the multi-stack fuel cell system, then the fault diagnoser 502 compares the preset information with the real-time information to determine the fault information, and then the controller 503 controls each subsystem of the multi-stack fuel cell system to execute corresponding fault elimination actions and maintain the stability of the power output of the multi-stack fuel cell system. This can not only improve the diagnostic efficiency of faults, but also ensure that the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system is constant when the multi-stack fuel cell system has faults and solves the faults, thereby ensuring the durability of the multi-stack fuel cell system and extending its service life.

[0055] Among them, the preset information includes but is not limited to: output power information, hydrogen supply information, air supply information, and cooling water temperature information when the multi-stack fuel cell system operates normally at the rated power; the fault information includes but is not limited to: fault type, fault location, and actions to be taken to solve the fault.

[0056] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200 includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks 201, and the power detection unit includes a voltmeter 202 and an ammeter 203; wherein, the voltmeter 202 and the ammeter 203 are correspondingly arranged on the output circuit of each fuel cell stack 201 for detecting the real-time output voltage and real-time output current of the fuel cell stack 201, and indirectly obtaining the real-time output power of each fuel cell stack 201 to be used as a basis for determining whether the fuel cell stack 201 fails. Such an arrangement is because: the external output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system is composed of the superposition of all the fuel cell stacks 201, and any failure of the multi-stack fuel cell system will necessarily cause a change in the real-time output power of at least one fuel cell stack 201. Therefore, the real-time output power of the fuel cell stack 201 is used as a reference basis for judging the failure of the multi-stack fuel cell system. At the same time, when the real-time output power of the fuel cell stack 201 is used as a reference basis for detection, the change in the external output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system can also be accurately determined, which is convenient for adjusting the rise and fall of the real-time output power of each fuel cell stack 201 when solving the failure to meet the power output requirements of the multi-stack fuel cell system.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, the hydrogen supply subsystem 100 includes a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 101, a manual valve 103, a primary pressure reducing valve A104, a secondary pressure reducing valve A105, an in-pile hydrogen common rail pipe 106, an intake solenoid valve A109, a back pressure valve A114, a water-gas separator A115, an out-of-pile hydrogen common rail pipe 116, a hydrogen circulation pump 119, and an ejector 120, which are arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline; a plurality of intake solenoid valves A109 are correspondingly arranged on the intake branch pipes, one end of the intake branch pipe is connected to the in-pile hydrogen common rail pipe 106, and the other end is correspondingly connected to the fuel cell stack 201; a plurality of back pressure valves A114 are correspondingly arranged on the outlet branch pipes, one end of the outlet branch pipe is connected to the out-of-pile hydrogen common rail pipe 116, and the other end is correspondingly connected to the fuel cell stack 201. The hydrogen detection unit includes a first pressure sensor A102, a second pressure sensor A107, a first temperature sensor A108, a third pressure sensor A110, a first flow meter A111, a fourth pressure sensor A112, a second flow meter A113, a fifth pressure sensor A117, and a second temperature sensor A118. Among them, the first pressure sensor A102 is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 101 to detect the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 101; the second pressure sensor A107 and the first temperature sensor A108 are arranged on the in-pile hydrogen common rail pipe 106 to detect the internal pressure and temperature of the in-pile hydrogen common rail pipe 106; the third pressure sensor A110 and the first flow meter A111 are arranged on the outlet pipeline of the intake solenoid valve A109 to detect the in-pile hydrogen pressure and flow rate; the fourth pressure sensor A112 and the second flow meter A113 are arranged on the inlet pipeline of the back pressure valve A114 to detect the out-of-pile hydrogen pressure and flow rate; the fifth pressure sensor A117 and the second temperature sensor A118 are arranged on the out-of-pile hydrogen common rail pipe 116 to detect the internal pressure and temperature of the out-of-pile hydrogen common rail pipe 116. Such an arrangement is because: by arranging a plurality of pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and flow meters on the hydrogen supply subsystem 100, the hydrogen pressure, temperature, and flow rate information at different positions of the hydrogen supply subsystem 100 can be detected, and by comparing with the hydrogen pressure, temperature, and flow rate information during the normal operation of the multi-stack fuel cell system, the fault location on the hydrogen supply subsystem 100 can be quickly determined. When the fault location information is transmitted to the controller 503, the controller 503 determines the execution action for solving the fault according to the built-in prior fault type and controls the actuator of the hydrogen supply subsystem 100 to execute the corresponding action.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the air supply subsystem 300 includes a gas filter 301, a supercharger 302, a primary pressure reducing valve B304, a secondary pressure reducing valve B305, an air buffer tank 307, an in-pile air common rail pipe 314, an intake solenoid valve B315, a back pressure valve B320, an out-of-pile air common rail pipe 321, a water-air separator B322, and an exhaust valve 323 disposed on the air supply pipeline; a plurality of intake solenoid valves B315 are correspondingly disposed on the intake branch pipes, one end of the intake branch pipe is connected to the in-pile air common rail pipe 314, and the other end is correspondingly connected to the fuel cell stack 201 one by one; a plurality of back pressure valves B320 are correspondingly disposed on the intake branch pipes, one end of the intake branch pipe is connected to the out-of-pile air common rail pipe 321, and the other end is correspondingly connected to the fuel cell stack 201 one by one. The air detection unit includes a first pressure sensor B303, a first flow meter B306, a second pressure sensor B308, a first temperature sensor B309, a second flow meter B310, a third flow meter B316, a third pressure sensor B317, a fourth flow meter B318, and a fourth pressure sensor B319; wherein, the first pressure sensor B303 is disposed on the outlet pipeline of the supercharger 302 for detecting the pressure of the supercharged air; the first flow meter B306 is disposed on the outlet pipeline of the secondary pressure reducing valve B305 for detecting the inlet air flow of the air buffer tank 307; the second pressure sensor B308 and the first temperature sensor B309 are disposed on the air buffer tank 307 for detecting the internal pressure and temperature of the air buffer tank 307; the second flow meter B310 is disposed on the outlet pipeline of the air buffer tank 307 for detecting the outlet air flow of the air buffer tank 307; the third flow meter B316 and the third pressure sensor B317 are disposed on the outlet pipeline of the intake solenoid valve B315 for detecting the in-pile air flow and pressure; the fourth flow meter B318 and the fourth pressure sensor B319 are disposed on the inlet pipeline of the back pressure valve B320 for detecting the out-of-pile air flow and pressure. Such a setting is because: by setting a plurality of pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and flow meters on the air supply subsystem 300, the air pressure, temperature, and flow information at different positions of the air supply subsystem 300 can be detected, and by comparing with the air pressure, temperature, and flow information during the normal operation of the multi-stack fuel cell system, the fault location on the air supply subsystem 300 can be quickly determined. After the fault location information is transmitted to the controller 503, the controller 503 determines the execution action for solving the fault according to the built-in prior fault type and controls the actuator of the air supply subsystem 300 to execute the corresponding action.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the hydrothermal pipeline subsystem 400 includes a water tank 401, a water pump 402, a cooling water inlet three-way valve 403, a mixing valve 406, a mixer 407, a deionizer 408, a three-way selection valve 409, and a radiator 410 provided on the cooling water supply pipeline; the cooling water detection unit includes a first temperature sensor C404 and a second temperature sensor C405. The first temperature sensor C404 is arranged at the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack 201 for detecting the inlet cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack 201; the second temperature sensor C405 is arranged at the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 201 for detecting the outlet cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack 201. Such an arrangement is because: during the operation of the fuel cell stack 201, the temperature is not easily directly measured. The temperature of the fuel cell stack 201 can be indirectly obtained by measuring the inlet cooling water temperature and the outlet cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack 201, and by comparing with the temperature when the fuel cell stack 201 is operating normally, it can be quickly determined whether the temperature of the fuel cell stack 201 is normal. After the fault location information is transmitted to the controller 503, the controller 503 determines the execution action for solving the fault according to the built-in prior fault type, and controls the actuator of the hydrothermal pipeline subsystem 400 to execute the corresponding action.

[0060] Embodiment, a non-invasive multi-stack fuel cell system fault diagnosis method, the method comprising the following steps:

[0061] S10: Obtain the real-time information of the multi-stack fuel cell system.

[0062] Specifically: Obtain the real-time output voltage and real-time output current of each fuel cell stack 201 in the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200 to indirectly obtain the output power of each fuel cell stack 201 and the total output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system.

[0063] Obtain the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 101, the internal pressure and temperature of the in-stack hydrogen common rail pipe 106, the in-stack hydrogen pressure and flow rate, the out-stack hydrogen pressure and flow rate, and the internal pressure and temperature of the out-stack hydrogen common rail pipe 116 in the hydrogen supply subsystem 100.

[0064] Obtain the air pressure at the outlet of the boosting device 302, the internal pressure and temperature of the air buffer tank 307, the outlet flow rate of the air buffer tank 307, the in-stack air flow rate and pressure, and the out-stack air pressure and flow rate in the air supply subsystem 300.

[0065] Obtain the inlet cooling water temperature and the outlet cooling water temperature in the hydrothermal pipeline subsystem 400.

[0066] S20: Determine whether the real-time information is the same as the preset information; if not, determine that the multi-stack fuel cell system has a fault.

[0067] Specifically: Determine whether the real-time output power of each fuel cell stack 201 is the same as the preset power threshold; if not, determine that the fuel cell stack 201 is a faulty stack; if so, determine that the fuel cell stack 201 is a normal stack.

[0068] S30: Determine the fault information by comparing the real-time information with the preset information.

[0069] Specifically: Compare the real-time information of pressure, flow rate, and temperature in the hydrogen supply subsystem 100, air supply subsystem 300, and hydrothermal pipeline subsystem 400 connected to the faulty stack with the preset thresholds one by one, and determine the fault location and fault type according to the preset prior fault types.

[0070] S40: Adjust the output power of the fuel cell stack 201 according to the fault information, and make the multi-stack fuel cell system output at a constant power.

[0071] Specifically: Reduce or stop the output power of the faulty stack, and increase the output power of the normal stacks, so that the multi-stack fuel cell system outputs stably at the rated power.

[0072] S50: Control the subsystems of the multi-stack fuel cell system to perform preset actions to solve the fault according to the fault information.

[0073] Specifically: Control the actuator actions of the corresponding subsystems of the multi-stack fuel cell system according to the fault location and fault type. The actions of the actuator are pre-set and can solve or alleviate the corresponding faults.

[0074] Referring to Embodiment 1, when a certain fuel cell stack 201 in the multi-stack fuel cell system works in the high-power range for a long time, the supply of high-temperature and high-humidity gas may cause liquid water to accumulate in the internal flow channels of the fuel cell stack 201, resulting in changes in the gas pressure and real-time output power at the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack 201; the information set obtained by the sensor is different from the information set when the fuel cell stack 201 works normally. These difference information are transmitted to the fault diagnoser 502 for judgment. The judgment condition is the prior fault embedding information in the early stage, and the judgment result is the specific fault type and fault location. After determining that the fuel cell stack 201 has a fault and determining the fault type and fault cause, the fault diagnoser 502 will transmit the fault information to the controller 503. The controller 503 controls the actuator actions of each subsystem. For the liquid water accumulation fault, pulsed gas flow can be used to alleviate or eliminate the fault, and there are corresponding solutions for other types of faults. While the fuel cell stack 201 has a fault and the fault is solved, the output power is reduced or the work is stopped, the controller 503 will also issue a power increase command to other normal stacks to ensure the stable output power of the system.

[0075] The working principle of this application is as follows:

[0076] Hydrogen enters each fuel cell stack 201 of the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem through the intake pipeline of the hydrogen supply subsystem 100 from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 101 for an electrochemical reaction. The hydrogen after the reaction forms a circulation loop through the hydrogen circulation pump 119 and the ejector 120; the arrangement of each sensor in the hydrogen supply subsystem, whose main function is to detect the gas state information before and after the hydrogen enters and exits the fuel cell stack, and the signals of each sensor are transmitted to the fault diagnoser 502. Air is pressurized through the gas filter 301 and the pressurization device 302 from the environment, and enters each fuel cell stack 201 of the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem through the intake pipeline of the air supply subsystem 300 for an electrochemical reaction. The exhaust gas after the reaction is discharged to the environment after drying; the arrangement of each sensor in the air supply subsystem, whose main function is to detect the gas state information before and after the air enters and exits the fuel cell stack, and the signals of each sensor are transmitted to the fault diagnoser 502. Cooling water passes through the water pump 402 from the water tank 401 and enters the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem through the cooling water path of the water heat pipeline subsystem 400 to ensure the working temperature of the fuel cell stack 201. The cooling water flowing out of the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem returns to the water tank 401 after mixing, deionization, and heat dissipation; the arrangement of the temperature sensor in the water heat pipeline subsystem, whose main function is to detect the working temperature of the fuel cell stack to ensure timely heat dissipation of the system. The multi-stack fuel cell subsystem 200 is a device for electrochemical reaction and power output. Each fuel cell stack in this subsystem is equipped with a voltmeter 202 and an ammeter 203, whose function is to detect the power output state of the fuel cell. The signals obtained by the sensors arranged in the above-mentioned subsystems are transmitted to the fault diagnoser 502 of the information acquisition and fault diagnosis subsystem 500. Based on the prior knowledge, the fault diagnoser 502 comprehensively determines the operating state of the multi-stack fuel cell system according to each signal, and transmits the determination result to the controller 503. The controller 503 performs command actions on the actuators of each subsystem according to the determination result to ensure that the fuel cell alleviates or eliminates faults during faults, and at the same time redeploys the power distribution strategy for other normal fuel cell stacks to keep the multi-stack fuel cell system output the required power.

[0077] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0078] This application adopts an integrated approach, integrating the fault diagnoser 502 and the multi-controller 503 together, reducing the number of fault diagnosis modules and controllers 503 independently set for each stack of fuel cell systems, and lowering the production cost; by setting various types of sensors on each subsystem of the multi-stack fuel cell system, this application can detect the pressure, flow rate, and temperature information in each subsystem, and compare the detected real-time information with the preset information through the fault diagnoser 502 to determine the fault location and fault type of the multi-stack fuel cell system; then the controller 503 controls the actions of each subsystem according to the built-in fault solution method to solve the fault, and at the same time, the controller 503 realizes the stability of the output power of the multi-stack fuel cell system by reducing the power of the faulty stack and increasing the power of the normal stack.

[0079] The fault diagnosis device in this application judges the operating state of the multi-stack fuel cell system according to the multi-dimensional information obtained by the signal collector 501, and transmits the operating state information to the controller 503. The controller 503 is used to control each subsystem, and can quickly locate and execute strategies to eliminate or mitigate faults when a stack fails, and can switch the output power of each stack to meet the required power of the system.

[0080] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and replacements can be made, and these improvements and replacements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-invasive fault diagnosis device for a multi-stack fuel cell system, characterized in that, Including: A power detection unit, which is arranged on a multi-stack fuel cell subsystem (200) and is used to detect real-time information of the output power; A hydrogen detection unit, which is arranged on a hydrogen supply subsystem (100) connected to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem (200) and is used to detect real-time information of the hydrogen supply; An air detection unit, which is arranged on an air supply subsystem (300) connected to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem (200) and is used to detect real-time information of the air supply; A cooling water detection unit, which is arranged on a water heat pipeline subsystem (400) connected to the multi-stack fuel cell subsystem (200) and is used to detect real-time information of the cooling water temperature; An information acquisition and fault diagnosis subsystem (500), which is electrically connected to the power detection unit, the hydrogen detection unit, the air detection unit and the cooling water detection unit respectively, and is used to receive the real-time information and compare it with preset information to determine fault information; The power detection unit includes a voltmeter (202) and an ammeter (203). The voltmeter (202) and the ammeter (203) are correspondingly arranged on the output circuits of each fuel cell stack (201). The voltmeter (202) is used to detect the output voltage of each fuel cell stack (201), and the ammeter (203) is used to detect the output current of each fuel cell stack (201) to obtain the real-time output power of each fuel cell stack (201); The information acquisition and fault diagnosis subsystem (500) includes a signal collector (501), a fault diagnoser (502) and a controller (503). The signal collector (501) is electrically connected to the power detection unit and is used to receive the real-time output power of each fuel cell stack (201). The fault diagnoser (502) is electrically connected to the signal collector (501) and is used to pre-compare the real-time output power of each fuel cell stack (201) with a preset power threshold and determine the faulty stack. The signal collector (501) is electrically connected to the hydrogen detection unit, the air detection unit and the cooling water detection unit and is used to receive the real-time information. The fault diagnoser (502) compares the preset information with the real-time information and determines the fault information of the faulty stack. The controller (503) is electrically connected to the fault diagnoser (502) and is used to receive the fault information of the faulty stack. The controller (503) can reduce or stop the output power of the faulty stack and increase the output power of the normal stacks to make the multi-stack fuel cell system output at a constant power, and the controller (503) can control the actions of the hydrogen supply subsystem (100), the air supply subsystem (300) and / or the water heat pipeline subsystem (400) to solve the fault.

2. The non-invasive multi-stack fuel cell system fault diagnosis device according to claim 1, wherein The hydrogen supply subsystem (100) includes a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (101), an in-pile hydrogen common rail pipe (106), an intake electromagnetic valve A (109), a back pressure valve A (114), and an out-of-pile hydrogen common rail pipe (116) arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline; the hydrogen detection unit is used to detect the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (101), the internal pressure and temperature of the in-pile hydrogen common rail pipe (106), the in-pile hydrogen pressure and flow rate at the intake electromagnetic valve A (109), the out-of-pile hydrogen pressure and flow rate at the back pressure valve A (114), and the internal pressure and temperature of the out-of-pile hydrogen common rail pipe (116).

3. The non-invasive multi-stack fuel cell system fault diagnosis device according to claim 1, characterized in that The air supply subsystem (300) includes a supercharging device (302), an air buffer tank (307), an intake electromagnetic valve B (315), and a back pressure valve B (320) arranged on the air supply pipeline; the air detection unit is used to detect the pressure of the supercharged air, the inlet air flow rate of the air buffer tank (307), the internal pressure and temperature of the air buffer tank (307), the outlet air flow rate of the air buffer tank (307), the in-pile air flow rate and pressure at the intake electromagnetic valve B (315), and the out-of-pile air flow rate and pressure at the back pressure valve B (320).

4. The non-invasive multi-stack fuel cell system fault diagnosis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling water detection unit includes a first temperature sensor C (404) and a second temperature sensor C (405). The first temperature sensor C (404) is arranged at the inlet of the fuel cell stack (201) and is used to detect the inlet cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack (201); the second temperature sensor C (405) is arranged at the outlet of the fuel cell stack (201) and is used to detect the outlet cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack (201).

5. A non-invasive fault diagnosis method for a multi-stack fuel cell system, which uses the non-invasive fault diagnosis device for a multi-stack fuel cell system described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Obtain the real-time information of the multi-stack fuel cell system, where the real-time information includes the output voltage and output current of each fuel cell stack (201). Judge whether the real-time output power of each fuel cell stack (201) is the same as the preset power threshold; if so, determine that the fuel cell stack (201) is a normal stack; if not, determine that the fuel cell stack (201) is a faulty stack and determine that the multi-stack fuel cell system is faulty. Compare the real-time information of pressure, flow rate, and temperature in the hydrogen supply subsystem (100), air supply subsystem (300), and water and heat pipeline subsystem (400) connected to the faulty stack with the preset thresholds one by one, and determine the fault location and fault type according to the preset prior fault types. Reduce or stop the output power of the faulty stack and increase the output power of the normal stack so that the multi-stack fuel cell system outputs stably at a constant power. Control the subsystems of the multi-stack fuel cell system to perform preset actions to solve the fault according to the fault location and fault type.

6. A non-invasive fault diagnosis method for a multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hydrogen supply subsystem (100) includes a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (101), an in-stack hydrogen common rail pipe (106), an intake solenoid valve A (109), a back pressure valve A (114), and an out-of-stack hydrogen common rail pipe (116) arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline; the air supply subsystem (300) includes a supercharging device (302), an air buffer tank (307), an intake solenoid valve B (315), and a back pressure valve B (320) arranged on the air supply pipeline; Obtaining real-time information of a multi-stack fuel cell system further includes: Obtaining the hydrogen pressure at the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, the internal pressure and temperature of the in-stack hydrogen common rail pipe, the in-stack hydrogen pressure and flow rate, the out-of-stack hydrogen pressure and flow rate, and the internal pressure and temperature of the out-of-stack hydrogen common rail pipe in the hydrogen supply subsystem (100); Obtaining the air pressure at the outlet of the supercharging device, the internal pressure and temperature of the air buffer tank, the flow rate at the outlet of the air buffer tank, the in-stack air flow rate and pressure, and the out-of-stack air flow rate and pressure in the air supply subsystem (300); Obtaining the inlet cooling water temperature and the outlet cooling water temperature in the hydrothermal pipeline subsystem (400).

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