A kind of microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and proposes a microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following components by weight: 21-30 parts of composite microbial powder, 20-30 parts of straw carbon, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, and 10-20 parts of chicken manure; the composite microbial powder is composed of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, Bacillus megaterium powder, and Bacillus velez powder. Through the above technical scheme, the problem of reduced crop yield and poor quality caused by the large-scale application of pesticides and fertilizers in the crop planting process in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular to a microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the process of agricultural development, high-input intensive agriculture has promoted a substantial increase in crop yields, among which inorganic fertilizers play a vital role. However, globally, only 30%-50% of ammonia fertilizers and 45% of phosphate fertilizers are directly absorbed and utilized by crops, and more become pollutants. Excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers deteriorates the physical and chemical properties of the soil, reduces enzyme activity, changes in the number, structure and types of microorganisms, slows plant growth, reduces yields and deteriorates quality.

[0003] The implementation of the green revolution around the world has put forward new requirements for agriculture. How to protect the environment, green production, and achieve green, high-quality and efficient development of the agricultural industry while increasing crop yield and quality has become one of the important issues in agricultural promotion. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop a high-efficiency and low-cost microbial fertilizer. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem in the related art that a large amount of pesticides and fertilizers are applied during crop planting, resulting in reduced crop yield and deteriorated quality.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A microbial fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 21-30 parts of composite microbial powder, 20-30 parts of straw carbon, 20-30 parts of soybean meal and 10-20 parts of chicken manure; the composite microbial powder consists of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, Bacillus megaterium powder and Bacillus velezii powder.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the mass ratio of the Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, the Bacillus megaterium powder, and the Bacillus velez powder is (1-2):4:(1-2).

[0008] As a further technical solution, the mass ratio of the Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, the Bacillus megaterium powder and the Bacillus velezii powder is 1:4:1.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the preparation method of the Bacillus megaterium powder is:

[0010] S1. Inoculate Bacillus megaterium on a slant medium for cultivation;

[0011] S2, inoculating the bacteria obtained from S1 into a shake flask medium for cultivation;

[0012] S3, inoculating the strain obtained by culture in S2 into a fermentation medium for culture to obtain a fermentation liquid;

[0013] S4, concentrating the fermented product and drying it to obtain Bacillus megaterium powder;

[0014] The Brevibacillus laterosporus powder and the Bacillus velezii powder were prepared according to the above process steps and parameters.

[0015] As a further technical solution, in step S1, the culture temperature is 35-38°C and the culture time is 36-48h.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the culture in step S2 is performed at 35-37° C. and 180-200 r / min with shaking for 12-24 h.

[0017] As a further technical solution, the stirring speed of the culture in step S3 is 150-180 r / min, and the sterile air flow rate is 1:0.5-0.8.

[0018] As a further technical solution, in step S3, the culture temperature is 35-37° C. and the culture time is 36-48 h.

[0019] As a further technical solution, the drying in step S4 is vacuum freeze drying with a vacuum degree of 16-20 Pa and freeze drying at -50°C for 8-10 hours.

[0020] A method for preparing microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: composite microbial powder, straw carbon, soybean meal and chicken manure are crushed and mixed to obtain the microbial fertilizer.

[0021] As a further technical solution, the crushing is to crush to 50-70 mesh.

[0022] The working principle and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The total number of effective bacteria in each gram of the composite microbial powder of the present invention is not less than 1×10 10cfu, the composite microbial powder is composed of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, Bacillus megaterium powder, and Bacillus velez powder. The three strains interact with each other and have multiple functions. Bacillus megaterium can promote plant growth by releasing insoluble phosphorus in the soil, secreting IAA, and producing iron carriers, and to a certain extent improve the bioavailability of heavy metals, and has a reinforcing effect on plant remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. Brevibacillus laterosporus has the function of solubilizing phosphorus, and to a certain extent increases the content of available phosphorus in the soil and the yield of crops. Bacillus velez can produce antibacterial active substances such as protease, chitinase and β-glucanase to inhibit pathogens, has a good antagonistic effect on plant pathogens, and can also secrete plant hormones such as indoleacetic acid, zeatin and gibberellin to promote plant growth. Through the interaction of the three strains, the yield and quality of crops can be greatly improved.

[0024] 2. The present invention adopts a mixture of composite microbial powder, soybean meal and chicken manure to reduce the impact of adverse environment on microbial activity, increase the number of surviving microorganisms, enhance the applicability and stability of microbial fertilizer during application, is beneficial to root growth, and improves crop yield and quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In the following examples and comparative examples, the slant culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in a weight ratio: 10 g glucose, 10 g peptone, 5 g beef extract, 1 g sodium chloride, 18 g agar powder, 1000 g water, and a pH of 7.0;

[0027] The shake flask medium and fermentation medium are both made of the following raw materials in weight ratio: 15 g glucose, 7 g peptone, 5 g beef extract, 3 g yeast extract, 2.5 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 g magnesium chloride, 1000 g water, pH 7.5;

[0028] The fermentation medium is composed of the following raw materials in weight ratio: 20 g glucose, 10 kg peptone, 0.25 kg magnesium chloride, 5 kg starch, 0.5 kg beef extract, 0.5 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1000 g water, and the pH is 8.0.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A method for preparing microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0031] 4 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, 16 parts of Bacillus megaterium powder, 4 parts of Bacillus velezii powder, 30 parts of straw carbon, 30 parts of soybean meal, and 20 parts of chicken manure were crushed into 50 mesh and then mixed to obtain a microbial fertilizer, and the mass ratio of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, Bacillus megaterium powder, and Bacillus velezii powder was 1:4:1.

[0032] The preparation method of Bacillus megaterium powder is as follows:

[0033] S1. Inoculate Bacillus megaterium on the slant culture medium and culture at 35°C for 48 hours;

[0034] S2, inoculate the strain obtained from S1 into a shake flask medium, and culture at 35°C and 180 rpm for 24 h;

[0035] S3, inoculating the strain obtained by S2 into the fermentation medium, culturing in a fermenter, culturing at a temperature of 34°C, a stirring speed of 150r / min, and a sterile air flow rate of 1:0.5 for 48 hours, and removing from the tank when 85% of the bacteria become spores to obtain a fermentation liquid; wherein the inoculation amount is 4% of the volume of the fermentation medium;

[0036] S4, after fermentation and concentration, freeze-dry at -50°C for 10 h under a vacuum degree of 20 Pa to obtain Bacillus megaterium powder;

[0037] The Brevibacillus laterosporus powder and the Bacillus velezii powder were prepared according to the above process steps and parameters.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A method for preparing microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0040] 3 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, 12 parts of Bacillus megaterium powder, 6 parts of Bacillus velezii powder, 20 parts of straw carbon, 20 parts of soybean meal, and 10 parts of chicken manure were crushed to 60 meshes and then mixed to obtain a microbial fertilizer. The mass ratio of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, Bacillus megaterium powder, and Bacillus velezii powder was 1:4:2.

[0041] The preparation method of Bacillus megaterium powder is as follows:

[0042] S1. Inoculate Bacillus megaterium on the slant culture medium and culture at 38°C for 36 hours;

[0043] S2, inoculate the bacteria obtained from S1 into the shake flask medium, and culture at 37°C and 200 r / min for 12 h;

[0044] S3, inoculating the strain obtained by S2 into the fermentation medium, culturing in a fermenter, culturing at a temperature of 37°C, a stirring speed of 180r / min, and a sterile air flow rate of 1:0.8 for 36 hours, and removing the strain from the tank when 85% of the bacteria become spores to obtain a fermentation liquid; wherein the inoculation amount is 4% of the volume of the fermentation medium;

[0045] S4, after fermentation and concentration, freeze-dry at -50°C for 8h under vacuum degree of 16Pa to obtain Bacillus megaterium powder;

[0046] The Brevibacillus laterosporus powder and the Bacillus velezii powder were prepared according to the above process steps and parameters.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A method for preparing microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0049] 8 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, 16 parts of Bacillus megaterium powder, 4 parts of Bacillus velezii powder, 25 parts of straw carbon, 25 parts of soybean meal, and 15 parts of chicken manure were crushed to 70 meshes and then mixed to obtain a microbial fertilizer. The mass ratio of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, Bacillus megaterium powder, and Bacillus velezii powder was 2:4:1.

[0050] The preparation method of Bacillus megaterium powder is as follows:

[0051] S1. Inoculate Bacillus megaterium on the slant culture medium and culture at 37°C for 40 hours;

[0052] S2, inoculate the strain obtained from S1 into a shake flask medium, and culture at 36°C and 190 rpm for 12-24 hours;

[0053] S3, inoculating the strain obtained by S2 into the fermentation medium, culturing in a fermenter, culturing at a temperature of 35°C, a stirring speed of 160r / min, and a sterile air flow rate of 1:0.7 for 40 hours, and removing the strain from the tank when 85% of the bacteria become spores to obtain a fermentation liquid; wherein the inoculation amount is 4% of the volume of the fermentation medium;

[0054] S4, after fermentation and concentration, freeze-dry at -50°C for 9 hours under a vacuum degree of 18 Pa to obtain Bacillus megaterium powder;

[0055] The Brevibacillus laterosporus powder and the Bacillus velezii powder were prepared according to the above process steps and parameters.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] Compared with Example 3, the difference of Example 4 is that the weight parts of the components of the microbial fertilizer are: 6 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, 16 parts of Bacillus megaterium powder, 6 parts of Bacillus velezii powder, 25 parts of straw carbon, 25 parts of soybean meal, and 15 parts of chicken manure, wherein the mass ratio of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, Bacillus megaterium powder, and Bacillus velezii powder is 1.5:4:1.5, and the others are the same as Example 3.

[0058] Example 5

[0059] Compared with Example 3, the difference in Example 5 is that the weight parts of the components of the microbial fertilizer are: 4 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, 16 parts of Bacillus megaterium powder, 8 parts of Bacillus velezii powder, 30 parts of straw carbon, 30 parts of soybean meal, and 20 parts of chicken manure, wherein the mass ratio of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, Bacillus megaterium powder, and Bacillus velezii powder is 1:4:2, and the others are the same as Example 3.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 1 is that the weight parts of the components of the microbial fertilizer are: 24 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 30 parts of straw carbon, 30 parts of soybean meal, and 20 parts of chicken manure.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 2 is that the weight parts of the components of the microbial fertilizer are: 24 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, 30 parts of straw carbon, 30 parts of soybean meal, and 20 parts of chicken manure.

[0064] Comparative Example 3

[0065] Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 3 is that the weight parts of the components of the microbial fertilizer are: 24 parts of Bacillus Velez powder, 30 parts of straw carbon, 30 parts of soybean meal, and 20 parts of chicken manure.

[0066] Comparative Example 4

[0067] Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 4 is that the weight parts of the components of the microbial fertilizer are: 6 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, 18 parts of Bacillus megaterium powder, 30 parts of straw carbon, 30 parts of soybean meal, and 20 parts of chicken manure.

[0068] Comparative Example 5

[0069] Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 5 is that the weight parts of the components of the microbial fertilizer are: 18 parts of Bacillus megaterium powder, 6 parts of Bacillus velez powder, 30 parts of straw carbon, 30 parts of soybean meal, and 20 parts of chicken manure.

[0070] Comparative Example 6

[0071] Compared with Example 1, the difference of Comparative Example 6 is that the weight parts of the components of the microbial fertilizer are: 12 parts of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, 12 parts of Bacillus velezii powder, 30 parts of straw carbon, 30 parts of soybean meal, and 20 parts of chicken manure.

[0072] The microbial fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were applied to soybean planting for testing. The test was divided into 11 groups. The test was carried out in the test farmland of Xingtang County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province from March to July 2020. The test variety was Jidou 12. The test field was divided into 33 plots, each with an area of ​​20m 2 , 11 groups of microbial fertilizers were applied to each plot, with three parallels in each group. The application rate of microbial fertilizer was 45kg / mu of base fertilizer. The sowing date was March 26, and the harvest was on September 10. The fresh weight of 100 grains was measured, and the yield of each area was counted.

[0073] Table 1 Effect of microbial fertilizer on soybean yield

[0074] 100-grain fresh weight (g) Soybean yield (kg / mu) Example 1 84.8 194.7 Example 2 85.8 195.8 Example 3 86.2 196.2 Example 4 85.4 195.3 Example 5 85.9 195.8 Comparative Example 1 80.9 191.5 Comparative Example 2 80.2 190.7 Comparative Example 3 79.6 189.6 Comparative Example 4 81.5 191.2 Comparative Example 5 81.8 191.6 Comparative Example 6 80.5 190.8

[0075] Example 3 is the best example of the present invention. Compared with Example 3, Examples 4 and 5 adjusted the ratio of the three types of fungus powder. As a result, the soybean yield and 100-grain fresh weight in Examples 4-5 were lower than those in Example 3, indicating that changing the ratio of the three types of fungus powder will lead to a decrease in soybean yield and 100-grain fresh weight.

[0076] Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 1 only added Bacillus megaterium powder, Comparative Example 2 only added Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, and Comparative Example 3 only added Bacillus velezii powder. The results can be seen from Table 1 that the microbial fertilizers prepared in Comparative Examples 1-3 were applied to soybean cultivation, and the per mu yield and 100-grain fresh weight of soybeans were lower than those in Example 1, indicating that adding only one of the composite microbial powders will lead to a decrease in soybean yield and quality.

[0077] Comparative Example 4 does not add Bacillus velez powder, Comparative Example 5 does not add Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, and Comparative Example 6 does not add Bacillus megaterium powder. As a result, the microbial fertilizers prepared in Comparative Examples 4-6 were applied to soybean cultivation, and the per-acre yield and 100-grain fresh weight of soybeans were lower than those in Example 1, indicating that the mixed application of Bacillus velez powder, Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, and Bacillus megaterium powder can improve the yield and quality of soybeans.

[0078] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soybean microbial fertilizer, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 21-30 parts of composite microbial powder, 20-30 parts of straw carbon, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, and 10-20 parts of chicken manure; the composite microbial powder is composed of Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, Bacillus megaterium powder, and Bacillus velezii powder; The mass ratio of the Brevibacillus laterosporus powder, the Bacillus megaterium powder and the Bacillus velezii powder is 2:4:1; The preparation method of the Bacillus megaterium powder is: S1. Inoculate Bacillus megaterium on a slant medium for cultivation; S2, inoculating the bacteria cultured in S1 into a shake flask medium for culture; S3, inoculating the strain obtained by culture in S2 into a fermentation medium for culture to obtain a fermentation liquid; S4, concentrating the fermented product and drying it to obtain Bacillus megaterium powder; Brevibacillus laterosporus powder and Bacillus velezii powder were prepared according to the above process steps and parameters; In step S1, the culture temperature is 35-38°C and the culture time is 36-48h; The culture in step S2 is carried out at 35-37° C. and 180-200 r / min with shaking for 12-24 h; The stirring speed of the culture in step S3 is 150-180 r / min, and the sterile air flow rate is 1:0.5-0.8; In step S3, the culture temperature is 35-37° C. and the culture time is 36-48 h; The composite microbial powder, straw carbon, soybean meal and chicken manure are crushed and mixed to obtain a microbial fertilizer.

2. A soybean microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying in step S4 is vacuum freeze drying with a vacuum degree of 16-20 Pa and freeze drying at -50°C for 8-10 hours.

3. The method for preparing a soybean microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulverizing is pulverizing to 50-70 mesh.