Method, device, processor and system for extending fuel cell life

Abstract

The present application provides a method, device, processor and system for extending the life of a fuel cell. The method includes: respectively obtaining the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell; when the decay rate of activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a first operating condition and continuing for a first time period; when the decay rate of ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a second operating condition and continuing for a second time period; when the decay rate of concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a third operating condition and continuing for a third time period. The method solves the problem of short fuel cell life in the prior art due to rapid irreversible decay caused by accumulation of fuel cell polarization decay and memory.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fuel cells, and in particular, to a method, device, processor, computer-readable storage medium, and system for extending the life of a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is an energy conversion device. The fuel cell stack is the core unit of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell engine system is the smallest unit that the fuel cell uses to maintain power generation. During actual use, the fuel cell stack and fuel cell engine will gradually decay in performance and eventually reach their expected service life.

[0003] However, the existing technology predicts the service life of a fuel cell only by testing the stack, which only allows the stack to have a slower decay rate under low usage intensity and prolongs its usage time before reaching the decay limit, without further optimizing the fuel cell.

[0004] The above information disclosed in the background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background technology of the technology described in this article. Therefore, the background technology may contain certain information that does not form the prior art known in this country for those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a method, device, processor, computer-readable storage medium and system for extending the life of a fuel cell, so as to solve the problem in the prior art of short fuel cell life caused by rapid irreversible attenuation caused by accumulation of fuel cell polarization attenuation and memory.

[0006] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for extending the life of a fuel cell is provided, comprising: respectively obtaining a decay rate of activation polarization, a decay rate of ohmic polarization, and a decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell, wherein the activation polarization is polarization caused by the electrochemical reaction rate of the positive and negative active materials of the fuel cell being less than the electron movement rate, the ohmic polarization is polarization caused by the contact resistance inside the fuel cell, and the concentration polarization is polarization caused by the mass transfer resistance; when the decay rate of the activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold value, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a first operating condition for a first time period, wherein the first operating condition is a condition for reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell; when the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a second operating condition for a second time period, wherein the second operating condition is a condition for reducing the temperature of the fuel cell; when the decay rate of the concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold value, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a third operating condition for a third time period, wherein the third operating condition is a condition for reducing the purge flow of the fuel cell.

[0007] Optionally, respectively obtaining the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell includes: obtaining polarization curves of the fuel cell at multiple different output powers; separating the polarization curves to obtain activation polarization curves, ohmic polarization curves and concentration polarization curves; determining the decay rate of the activation polarization according to the activation polarization curve, determining the decay rate of the ohmic polarization according to the ohmic polarization curve, and determining the decay rate of the concentration polarization according to the concentration polarization curve.

[0008] Optionally, determining the decay rate of the activation polarization according to the activation polarization curve comprises: according to the formula

[0009] The activation polarization causes the current decay, ΔU act is the voltage decay caused by the activation polarization; according to the ohmic polarization curve

[0010] rate, where k2 is the decay rate of the ohmic polarization, ΔI ohm is the current attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization, ΔU ohm The voltage attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization is determined according to the concentration polarization curve. The attenuation rate of the concentration polarization comprises:

[0011] ΔI con is the current decay caused by the concentration polarization, ΔU conis the voltage decay caused by the concentration polarization.

[0012] Optionally, the method also includes: when the fuel cell operates in a first operating condition, determining a recovery attenuation value of the first operating condition based on a first numerical value, the first numerical value being the reduction in the oxygen stoichiometric ratio; when the fuel cell operates in a second operating condition, determining a recovery attenuation value of the second operating condition based on a second numerical value, the second numerical value being the reduction in temperature; when the fuel cell operates in a third operating condition, determining a recovery attenuation value of the third operating condition based on a third numerical value, the third numerical value being the reduction in the purge flow rate.

[0013] Optionally, the method further includes: analyzing the attenuation caused by the activation polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the first operating condition as model inputs to determine a first update value and a first update time period, wherein the model is trained using a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each set of data in the multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the activation polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the first operating condition; analyzing the attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the second operating condition as model inputs to determine a second update value and a second update time period, wherein the model is trained using a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each set of data in the multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the second operating condition; analyzing the attenuation caused by the concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the third operating condition as model inputs to determine a third update value and a third update time period, wherein the model is trained using a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each set of data in the multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the third operating condition.

[0014] Optionally, the method further includes: updating the first value to the first updated value, and updating the first time period to the first updated time period; updating the second value to the second updated value, and updating the second time period to the second updated time period; updating the third value to the third updated value, and updating the third time period to the third updated time period.

[0015] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a device for extending the life of a fuel cell, comprising: an acquisition unit, for respectively acquiring the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization, and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell, wherein the activation polarization is polarization caused by the electrochemical reaction rate of the positive and negative active materials of the fuel cell being less than the electron movement rate, the ohmic polarization is polarization caused by the contact resistance inside the fuel cell, and the concentration polarization is polarization caused by the mass transfer resistance; a first control unit, for controlling the fuel cell to operate in a first operating condition for a first period of time when the decay rate of the activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold, wherein the first operating condition is a condition for reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell; a second control unit, for controlling the fuel cell to operate in a second operating condition for a second period of time when the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold, wherein the second operating condition is a condition for reducing the temperature of the fuel cell; a third control unit, for controlling the fuel cell to operate in a third operating condition for a third period of time when the decay rate of the concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold, wherein the third operating condition is a condition for reducing the purge flow of the fuel cell.

[0016] According to yet another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a processor is provided, wherein the processor is used to run a program, wherein any one of the methods is executed when the program is run.

[0017] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein the program executes any one of the methods described.

[0018] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a system for extending the life of a fuel cell is also provided, comprising: one or more processors, a memory and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and are configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include methods for executing any one of the described methods.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present invention, a quantitative analysis of the factors causing the performance decay of the stack is adopted, and different recovery decay working conditions are performed by respectively judging whether the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization, and the decay rate of concentration polarization are greater than or equal to the corresponding thresholds. When the decay rate of activation polarization is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the activation polarization decay can be restored by reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell; when the decay rate of ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the ohmic polarization decay can be restored by lowering the temperature of the fuel cell; when the decay rate of concentration polarization is greater than or equal to the third threshold, the concentration polarization decay can be restored by lowering the temperature of the fuel cell. Thereby, the technical effect of timely partial recovery of the recoverable decay of the fuel cell stack and extending the life of the fuel cell is achieved, thereby solving the technical problem of short fuel cell life caused by rapid irrecoverable decay caused by fuel cell decay accumulation and memory in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart showing an embodiment of a method for extending the life of a fuel cell according to the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of step S101 of the method for extending the life of a fuel cell according to the present application is shown;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a polarization curve is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic flow chart of step S102 of the method for extending the life of a fuel cell according to the present application is shown;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic flow chart of step S103 of the method for extending the life of a fuel cell according to the present application is shown;

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic flow chart of step S104 of the method for extending the life of a fuel cell according to the present application is shown;

[0027] Figure 7 The overall process diagram of an embodiment of the method for extending the life of a fuel cell according to the present application is shown;

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a device for extending the life of a fuel cell according to the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0030] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0032] As mentioned in the background technology, in the prior art, the fuel cell life is short due to the rapid irreversible decay caused by the accumulation of fuel cell decay and memory. In order to solve the above problems, in a typical embodiment of the present application, a method, device, processor, computer-readable storage medium and system for extending the life of a fuel cell are provided.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present application, a method for extending the life of a fuel cell is provided.

[0034] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for extending the life of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0035] Step S101, respectively obtaining the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization, and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell, wherein the activation polarization is polarization caused by the electrochemical reaction rate of the positive and negative active materials of the fuel cell being less than the electron movement rate, the ohmic polarization is polarization caused by the contact resistance inside the fuel cell, and the concentration polarization is polarization caused by mass transfer resistance;

[0036] In the above steps, polarization refers to the voltage drop caused by energy loss when an electrochemical reaction occurs. The dropped voltage is the polarization loss at this time, which is also equivalent to energy loss. Activation polarization is also called electrochemical polarization. Like general chemical reactions, the electrochemical reaction also needs to overcome activation energy, that is, reaction resistance. The polarization or overpotential caused by this reaction resistance is called activation polarization or activation overpotential. Activation polarization can be reduced by increasing the temperature of the fuel cell, using highly active catalysts, increasing the roughness of the electrode surface, and increasing the concentration or partial pressure of the reactants. Ohmic polarization is the polarization caused by the ionic conductivity resistance in the electrolyte and the resistance in the electrode. Ohmic polarization exists in all types of fuel cells, especially in high-temperature fuel cells. Ohmic polarization can be reduced by using electrodes, plates or connecting materials with higher conductivity, reducing the thickness of the electrolyte, etc. Concentration polarization is the polarization caused by the reaction substances during the diffusion process. Due to the limited diffusion rate, the electrode reactants cannot reach the electrode surface in time, or the electrode products cannot leave the electrode surface even if they leave the electrode surface, resulting in the inability of the reaction to proceed. Concentration polarization can be reduced by using higher purity fuels and oxidants. The decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the above fuel cell can be obtained through polarization curves or other feasible methods. Performance decay is a direct indicator of fuel cell engine performance decay, which is the decay of fuel cell stack output power. When the voltage is constant, the decay of current can be measured, and when the current is constant, the decay of voltage can be measured.

[0037] Step S102, when the decay rate of the activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a first operating condition for a first period of time, wherein the first operating condition is an operating condition for reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell;

[0038] In the above steps, the first operating condition is the oxygen starvation condition. By reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell, the fuel cell stack can produce a hydrogen pump effect when there is insufficient air. After part of the hydrogen reaches the cathode of the battery, it reduces the oxide layer on the surface of the cathode catalyst, and then reacts with nitrogen oxides, ammonia and other gases in the air, resulting in a reduction in the effective reaction area, thereby reducing the activation polarization loss of the stack.

[0039] Step S103, when the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a second operating condition for a second period of time, wherein the second operating condition is a condition for reducing the temperature of the fuel cell;

[0040] In the above steps, the second operating condition, i.e., the low-temperature operating condition, can generate more liquid water in the stack by lowering the temperature of the fuel cell, fully hydrate the water-sensitive components in the stack, reduce the ion transmission resistance of the stack, and reduce the ohmic polarization loss of the stack.

[0041] Step S104, when the decay rate of the concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a third operating condition for a third period of time, wherein the third operating condition is a condition for reducing the purge flow of the fuel cell.

[0042] In the above steps, the third working condition is the purge working condition. By reducing the purge flow rate of the fuel cell, the excess water in the gas diffusion layer on the cathode side of the fuel cell can be blown away, so that the oxygen in the air can more easily reach the reaction layer, reducing the concentration polarization loss of the stack. In practical applications, since the anode side of the stack is not sensitive to concentration polarization, the concentration polarization occurring on the anode side is often several orders of magnitude smaller than that on the cathode side, so the attenuation and corresponding recovery of the anode can be ignored.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, a quantitative analysis of the factors causing the performance decay of the stack is adopted, and different recovery decay working conditions are performed by respectively judging whether the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization, and the decay rate of concentration polarization are greater than or equal to the corresponding thresholds. When the decay rate of activation polarization is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the activation polarization decay can be restored by reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell; when the decay rate of ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the ohmic polarization decay can be restored by lowering the temperature of the fuel cell; when the decay rate of concentration polarization is greater than or equal to the third threshold, the concentration polarization decay can be restored by lowering the temperature of the fuel cell. Thereby, the technical effect of timely partial recovery of the recoverable decay of the fuel cell stack and extending the life of the fuel cell is achieved, thereby solving the technical problem of short fuel cell life caused by rapid irrecoverable decay caused by fuel cell decay accumulation and memory in the prior art.

[0044] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0045] In order to further quickly determine the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization, and the decay rate of concentration polarization, in one embodiment of the present application, on the basis of including the above steps S101 to S104, the above step S101 is further specifically refined. Figure 2 is a flow chart of step S101 according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, this step specifically includes the following steps: Step S1011, obtaining the polarization curves of the above-mentioned fuel cell under multiple different output powers; in the above steps, when the engine is in normal operation, the controller can extract the polarization curves of the fuel cell stack at 10% P E , 20%P E , ..., 90% P E The voltage and current value signals at the working point, as well as the open circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack during the startup process, can be fitted into the current and voltage output curve of the fuel cell stack, i.e., the polarization curve, such as Figure 3 As shown. The open circuit voltage refers to the ideal battery electromotive force of the fuel cell when there is no current and no overpotential. However, in practical applications, it is impossible for the fuel cell to be in this ideal state when working, but to work under a certain current and overpotential. The vertical axis of the polarization curve can be voltage, and the horizontal axis can be current or current density. Step S1012, separate the above polarization curve to obtain an activation polarization curve, an ohmic polarization curve and a concentration polarization curve; the polarization curve consists of three parts, namely, an activation polarization part dominated by activation polarization decay, an ohmic polarization region dominated by ohmic polarization decay, and a concentration polarization region dominated by concentration polarization decay. The separation of the above polarization curves can be based on the current value, voltage value or current density of the fuel cell. The above steps can quickly obtain three polarization curves. Step S1013, determine the decay rate of the above activation polarization according to the above activation polarization curve, determine the decay rate of the above ohmic polarization according to the above ohmic polarization curve, and determine the decay rate of the above concentration polarization according to the above concentration polarization curve. In the above steps, the corresponding polarization decay rate can be determined according to the slope of each polarization curve, and this method can quickly determine each polarization decay rate. Other feasible methods can also be used to determine the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization, and the decay rate of concentration polarization.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present application, on the basis of including the above steps S1011 to S1013, the above step S1013 is further refined, specifically including: step S10131, according to the formula Determine the decay rate of the activation polarization, where k1 is the decay rate of the activation polarization, ΔI act is the current decay caused by the above activation polarization, ΔU actis the voltage decay caused by the activation polarization; in the above steps, the decay rate of the activation polarization is determined according to the slope of the activation polarization curve, and the polarization decay rate can be quickly determined. In practical applications, since the decay caused by the actual activation polarization may be different from the decay caused by the ideal activation polarization, the above calculation process can determine a corresponding difference coefficient a according to the difference between the decay caused by the ideal activation polarization and the decay caused by the actual activation polarization. According to the formula Calculate the corresponding activation polarization decay rate. Step S10132, according to the formula Determine the decay rate of the ohmic polarization, where k2 is the decay rate of the ohmic polarization, ΔI ohm is the current attenuation caused by the above ohmic polarization, ΔU ohm is the voltage decay caused by the ohmic polarization; in the above steps, the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is determined according to the slope of the ohmic polarization curve, and the polarization decay rate can be quickly determined. In practical applications, since the attenuation caused by the actual ohmic polarization may be different from the attenuation caused by the ideal ohmic polarization, the corresponding attenuation can be determined according to the difference between the attenuation caused by the ideal ohmic polarization and the attenuation caused by the actual ohmic polarization in the above calculation process.

[0047] ΔI con is the current attenuation caused by the above concentration polarization, ΔU con is the voltage attenuation caused by the above concentration polarization. In the above steps, the attenuation rate of concentration polarization is determined according to the slope of the concentration polarization curve, and the polarization attenuation rate can be quickly determined. In practical applications, since the attenuation caused by actual concentration polarization may be different from the attenuation caused by ideal concentration polarization, the above calculation process can be based on the difference between the attenuation caused by ideal concentration polarization and the attenuation caused by actual concentration polarization. rate.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present application, on the basis of the above steps S101 to S104, step S102, step S103, and step S104 are further refined, specifically including: step S1021, when the above fuel cell is operated in the first working condition, according to the first value, the recovery attenuation value of the above first working condition is determined, and the above first value is the reduction of the above oxygen stoichiometric ratio; in the above steps, the recovery attenuation value of the above first working condition can be quickly determined according to the change of the activation polarization curve before and after the fuel cell performs the first working condition. Step S1031, when the above fuel cell is operated in the second working condition, according to the second value, the recovery attenuation value of the above second working condition is determined, and the above second value is the reduction of the above temperature; in the above steps, according to the change of the ohmic polarization curve before and after the fuel cell performs the second working condition, the recovery attenuation value of the above second working condition can be quickly determined. Step S1041, when the above fuel cell is operated in the third working condition, according to the third value, the recovery attenuation value of the above third working condition is determined, and the above third value is the reduction of the above purge flow. In the above steps, the recovery attenuation value of the third working condition can be quickly determined according to the change of the activation polarization curve before and after the fuel cell performs the third working condition. The above method is convenient for quickly obtaining the recovery attenuation value.

[0049] In order to further improve the accuracy of the recovery attenuation values ​​of the first working condition, the second working condition and the third working condition, in one embodiment of the present application, on the basis of the above steps S101 to S104, steps S102, S103 and S104 are further refined respectively, specifically including: step S1022, taking the attenuation caused by the above activation polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the above first working condition as model input for analysis, and determining the first update value and the first update time period, wherein the above model is trained by a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each set of data in the above multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the above activation polarization, the recovery attenuation value of the above first working condition; step S1032, taking the above ohmic polarization The attenuation caused by the above-mentioned concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned second working condition are used as model inputs for analysis to determine the second update value and the second update time period, wherein the above-mentioned model is trained by a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each set of data in the above-mentioned multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the above-mentioned ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned second working condition; step S1042, the attenuation caused by the above-mentioned concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned third working condition are used as model inputs for analysis to determine the third update value and the third update time period, wherein the above-mentioned model is trained by a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each set of data in the above-mentioned multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the above-mentioned concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned third working condition. In the above steps, the performance attenuation ΔU of the stack each time can be analyzed. act , ΔUohm , ΔU con And the recovery attenuation ΔU Re act , ΔU Re ohm , ΔU Re con And the first value S opt , the first time period t S opt , the second value T opt , the second time period t T opt , the third value N opt , the third time period t N opt A total of 12 parameters are used to establish three sets of matrices according to their correlation, namely [ΔU act ΔU Re act S opt t S opt ], [ΔU ohm ΔU Re ohm T opt t T opt ], [ΔU con ΔU Re con N opt t N opt ]. A nonlinear high-order feature expression of performance attenuation, recovery attenuation, correction parameters (including the first value, the second value and the third value) and execution time (including the first time period, the second time period and the third time period) is established by using a neural network algorithm. The first and second items of each group of matrices are input variables of the neural network algorithm, and the third and fourth items are outputs; a higher-level neural network algorithm is used between the three groups of matrices to weaken the low-dimensional coupling between the three working conditions. To facilitate system identification and calculation, the present invention converts the attenuation of the battery stack performance into the attenuation of current. In this way, using voltage as the identification condition is more conducive to the system identifying the boundaries of the three parts of the attenuation. Those skilled in the art may also choose to convert the attenuation of the battery stack performance into the attenuation of power or voltage.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present application, on the basis of the above steps S101 to S104, step S102, step S103, and step S104 are further refined, specifically including: step S1023, updating the above first value to the above first updated value, and updating the above first time period to the above first updated time period; step S1033, updating the above second value to the above second updated value, and updating the above second time period to the above second updated time period; step S1043, updating the above third value to the above third updated value, and updating the above third time period to the above third updated time period. In the above steps, the above 12 parameters when the recovery is first executed are calibrated during the system development process, and then updated by the predicted values ​​generated by each machine learning model. The first updated value, first updated time period, second updated value, second updated time period, third updated value, and third updated time period predicted by the above neural network model are used to update the parameters, which can further make the recovery attenuation obtained by the fuel cell when it is running under different working conditions accurate. Figure 4 A flow chart of step S102 of the method for extending the life of a fuel cell according to the present application is shown, comprising the following steps: step S1021, when the fuel cell is operating in a first operating condition, determining a recovery attenuation value of the first operating condition according to a first numerical value, the first numerical value being a reduction in the oxygen stoichiometric ratio; step S1022, analyzing the attenuation caused by activation polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the first operating condition as model inputs to determine a first update numerical value and a first update time period, wherein the model is trained using a plurality of sets of data through a neural network model, and each set of data in the plurality of sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by activation polarization, the recovery attenuation value of the first operating condition; step S1023, updating the first numerical value to a first update numerical value, and updating the first time period to a first update time period. Figure 5 A flow chart of step S103 of the method for extending the life of a fuel cell according to the present application is shown, comprising the following steps: step S1031, when the fuel cell is operating in a second operating condition, determining a recovery attenuation value of the second operating condition according to a second numerical value, wherein the second numerical value is a temperature reduction; step S1032, analyzing the attenuation caused by ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the second operating condition as model inputs to determine a second update numerical value and a second update time period, wherein the model is trained using a plurality of sets of data through a neural network model, and each set of data in the plurality of sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the second operating condition; step S1033, updating the second numerical value to a second update numerical value, and updating the second time period to a second update time period. Figure 6A flow chart of step S104 of the method for extending the life of a fuel cell according to the present application is shown, comprising the following steps: step S1041, when the fuel cell is operating in a third operating condition, determining a recovery attenuation value of the third operating condition according to a third numerical value, the third numerical value being a reduction in the purge flow rate; step S1042, analyzing the attenuation caused by concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the third operating condition as model inputs to determine a third update numerical value and a third update time period, wherein the model is trained using a plurality of sets of data through a neural network model, and each set of data in the plurality of sets of data includes: an attenuation caused by ohmic polarization, and a recovery attenuation value of the third operating condition; step S1043, updating the third numerical value to a third update numerical value, and updating the third time period to a third update time period.

[0051] The overall flow chart of the method for extending the life of a fuel cell in the present application is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, first, a polarization curve is obtained according to the voltage and current of the fuel cell stack, and the polarization curve is separated to separate the activation polarization curve, the ohmic polarization curve and the concentration polarization curve, and then the corresponding polarization decay rate can be determined according to these polarization curves. It is judged whether the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization are greater than or equal to the corresponding threshold value, and different working conditions are executed to restore the performance. After executing different recovery modes, the corresponding recovery attenuation value can be determined, and then the attenuation caused by activation polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the first working condition, the attenuation caused by ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the second working condition, the attenuation caused by concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the third working condition are respectively input into the machine learning model, and multiple sets of data are used to train through the neural network model, and the update value and update time period are output, and the update iteration is continuously performed.

[0052] The embodiment of the present application also provides a device for extending the life of a fuel cell. It should be noted that the device for extending the life of a fuel cell in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the method for extending the life of a fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present application. The device for extending the life of a fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present application is introduced below.

[0053] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a device for extending the life of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 As shown, the device comprises:

[0054] The acquisition unit 10 is used to respectively acquire the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell, wherein the activation polarization is polarization caused by the electrochemical reaction rate of the positive and negative active materials of the fuel cell being less than the electron movement rate, the ohmic polarization is polarization caused by the contact resistance inside the fuel cell, and the concentration polarization is polarization caused by mass transfer resistance;

[0055] In the above device, polarization refers to the voltage drop caused by energy loss when an electrochemical reaction occurs. The dropped voltage is the polarization loss at this time, which is also equivalent to energy loss. Activation polarization is also called electrochemical polarization. Like general chemical reactions, the electrochemical reaction also needs to overcome the activation energy, that is, the reaction resistance. The polarization or overpotential caused by this reaction resistance is called activation polarization or activation overpotential. Activation polarization can be reduced by increasing the temperature of the fuel cell, using highly active catalysts, increasing the roughness of the electrode surface, and increasing the concentration or partial pressure of the reactants. Ohmic polarization is the polarization caused by the ionic conductivity resistance in the electrolyte and the resistance in the electrode. Ohmic polarization exists in all types of fuel cells, especially in high-temperature fuel cells. Ohmic polarization can be reduced by using electrodes, plates or connecting materials with higher conductivity, reducing the thickness of the electrolyte, etc. Concentration polarization is the polarization caused by the reaction substances during the diffusion process. Due to the limited diffusion rate, the electrode reactants cannot reach the electrode surface in time, or the electrode products cannot leave the electrode surface even if they leave the electrode surface, resulting in the inability of the reaction to proceed. Concentration polarization can be reduced by using higher purity fuels and oxidants. The decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the above fuel cell can be obtained through polarization curves or other feasible methods. Performance decay is a direct indicator of fuel cell engine performance decay, which is the decay of fuel cell stack output power. When the voltage is constant, the decay of current can be measured, and when the current is constant, the decay of voltage can be measured.

[0056] A first control unit 20 is used to control the fuel cell to operate in a first operating condition for a first period of time when the decay rate of the activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold, wherein the first operating condition is an operating condition for reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell;

[0057] In the above-mentioned device, the above-mentioned first operating condition, namely the oxygen starvation condition, can enable the fuel cell stack to produce a hydrogen pump effect when there is insufficient air by reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell, so that part of the hydrogen reaches the battery cathode and reduces the oxide layer on the surface of the cathode catalyst, and then reacts with nitrogen oxides, ammonia and other gases in the air, resulting in a reduction in the effective reaction area, thereby reducing the activation polarization loss of the stack.

[0058] A second control unit 30 is used to control the fuel cell to operate in a second operating condition for a second period of time when the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, wherein the second operating condition is a condition for reducing the temperature of the fuel cell;

[0059] In the above device, the second operating condition, i.e., the low-temperature operating condition, can generate more liquid water in the stack by lowering the temperature of the fuel cell, fully hydrate the water-sensitive components in the stack, reduce the ion transmission resistance of the stack, and reduce the ohmic polarization loss of the stack.

[0060] The third control unit 40 is used to control the fuel cell to operate in a third operating condition for a third period of time when the attenuation rate of the concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold value, wherein the third operating condition is a condition for reducing the purge flow of the fuel cell.

[0061] In the above device, the third working condition is the purge working condition. By reducing the purge flow rate of the fuel cell, the excess water in the gas diffusion layer on the cathode side of the fuel cell can be blown away, so that the oxygen in the air can more easily reach the reaction layer, reducing the concentration polarization loss of the stack. In practical applications, since the anode side of the stack is not sensitive to concentration polarization, the concentration polarization occurring on the anode side is often several orders of magnitude smaller than that on the cathode side, so the attenuation and corresponding recovery of the anode can be ignored.

[0062] In an embodiment of the present invention, a quantitative analysis of the factors causing the performance decay of the stack is adopted, and different recovery decay working conditions are performed by respectively judging whether the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization, and the decay rate of concentration polarization are greater than or equal to the corresponding thresholds. When the decay rate of activation polarization is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the activation polarization decay can be restored by reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell; when the decay rate of ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the ohmic polarization decay can be restored by lowering the temperature of the fuel cell; when the decay rate of concentration polarization is greater than or equal to the third threshold, the concentration polarization decay can be restored by lowering the temperature of the fuel cell. Thereby, the technical effect of timely partial recovery of the recoverable decay of the fuel cell stack and extending the life of the fuel cell is achieved, thereby solving the technical problem of short fuel cell life caused by rapid irrecoverable decay caused by fuel cell decay accumulation and memory in the prior art.

[0063] In order to further quickly determine the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization, in one embodiment of the present application, on the basis of including the above-mentioned acquisition unit, the first control unit, the second control unit and the third control unit, the above-mentioned acquisition unit is further specifically refined, specifically including: an acquisition module, used to obtain the polarization curve of the above-mentioned fuel cell under multiple different output powers; in the above-mentioned device, during the normal operation of the engine, the controller can extract the fuel cell stack at 10%P E , 20%P E , ... 90% P E The voltage and current value signals at the working point, as well as the open circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack during the startup process, can be fitted into the current and voltage output curve of the fuel cell stack, i.e., the polarization curve, such as Figure 3 As shown. The open circuit voltage refers to the ideal battery electromotive force of the fuel cell when there is no current and no overpotential. However, in practical applications, it is impossible for the fuel cell to be in this ideal state when working, but to work under a certain current and overpotential. The vertical axis of the polarization curve can be voltage, and the horizontal axis can be current or current density. The processing module is used to separate the above polarization curve to obtain an activation polarization curve, an ohmic polarization curve and a concentration polarization curve; the polarization curve consists of three parts, namely, an activation polarization part dominated by activation polarization decay, an ohmic polarization region dominated by ohmic polarization decay, and a concentration polarization region dominated by concentration polarization decay. The separation of the above polarization curves can be based on the current value, voltage value or current density of the fuel cell. The above device can quickly obtain three polarization curves. The first determination module is used to determine the decay rate of the above activation polarization according to the above activation polarization curve, determine the decay rate of the above ohmic polarization according to the above ohmic polarization curve, and determine the decay rate of the above concentration polarization according to the above concentration polarization curve. In the above device, the corresponding polarization decay rate can be determined according to the slope of each polarization curve, and the device can quickly determine each polarization decay rate. Other feasible methods can also be used to determine the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization, and the decay rate of concentration polarization.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present application, on the basis of including the above-mentioned acquisition module, processing module and determination module, the above-mentioned first determination module is further specifically refined, specifically including: a first determination submodule, which is used to determine the value of the formula Determine the decay rate of the activation polarization, where k1 is the decay rate of the activation polarization, ΔI act is the current decay caused by the above activation polarization, ΔU actis the voltage decay caused by the activation polarization; in the above device, the decay rate of the activation polarization is determined according to the slope of the activation polarization curve, and the polarization decay rate can be quickly determined. In practical applications, since the decay caused by the actual activation polarization may be different from the decay caused by the ideal activation polarization, the corresponding difference coefficient a can be determined according to the difference between the decay caused by the ideal activation polarization and the decay caused by the actual activation polarization in the above calculation process. According to the formula Calculate the decay rate of the corresponding activation polarization. The second determination submodule is used to calculate the decay rate of the corresponding activation polarization according to the formula Determine the decay rate of the ohmic polarization, where k2 is the decay rate of the ohmic polarization, ΔI ohm is the current attenuation caused by the above ohmic polarization, ΔU ohm is the voltage attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization; in the above device, the attenuation rate of the ohmic polarization is determined according to the slope of the ohmic polarization curve, and the polarization attenuation rate can be quickly determined. In practical applications, since there may be a difference between the attenuation caused by the actual ohmic polarization and the attenuation caused by the ideal ohmic polarization, in the above calculation process, a corresponding difference coefficient b can be determined according to the difference between the attenuation caused by the ideal ohmic polarization and the attenuation caused by the actual ohmic polarization. According to the formula Calculate the corresponding ohmic polarization decay rate. The third determination submodule is used to determine the decay rate of the corresponding ohmic polarization according to the formula Determine the decay rate of the above concentration polarization, where k3 is the decay rate of the above concentration polarization, ΔI con is the current attenuation caused by the above concentration polarization, ΔU con is the voltage attenuation caused by the above concentration polarization. In the above device, the attenuation rate of concentration polarization is determined according to the slope of the concentration polarization curve, and the polarization attenuation rate can be quickly determined. In practical applications, since the attenuation caused by actual concentration polarization may be different from the attenuation caused by ideal concentration polarization, in the above calculation process, a corresponding difference coefficient c can be determined according to the difference between the attenuation caused by ideal concentration polarization and the attenuation caused by actual concentration polarization. According to the formula Calculate the corresponding concentration polarization decay rate.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present application, on the basis of including the above-mentioned acquisition unit, the first control unit, the second control unit and the third control unit, the first control unit, the second control unit and the third control unit are further refined respectively, specifically including: a second determination module, which is used to determine the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned first working condition according to the first value when the above-mentioned fuel cell is operated in the first working condition, and the above-mentioned first value is the reduction of the above-mentioned oxygen stoichiometric ratio; in the above-mentioned device, the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned first working condition can be quickly determined according to the change of the activation polarization curve before and after the fuel cell executes the first working condition. A third determination module is used to determine the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned second working condition according to the second value when the above-mentioned fuel cell is operated in the second working condition, and the above-mentioned second value is the reduction of the above-mentioned temperature; in the above-mentioned device, the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned second working condition can be quickly determined according to the change of the ohmic polarization curve before and after the fuel cell executes the second working condition. A fourth determination module is used to determine the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned third working condition according to the third value when the above-mentioned fuel cell is operated in the third working condition, and the above-mentioned third value is the reduction of the above-mentioned purge flow. In the above device, the recovery attenuation value of the third working condition can be quickly determined according to the change of the activation polarization curve before and after the fuel cell performs the third working condition. The above device is convenient for quickly obtaining the recovery attenuation value.

[0066] In order to further improve the accuracy of the recovery attenuation values ​​of the first working condition, the second working condition and the third working condition, in one embodiment of the present application, on the basis of including the above-mentioned acquisition unit, the first control unit, the second control unit and the third control unit, the first control unit, the second control unit and the third control unit are further refined respectively, specifically including: a fifth determination module, used to analyze the attenuation caused by the above-mentioned activation polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned first working condition as model inputs to determine the first update value and the first update time period, wherein the above-mentioned model is trained by a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each set of data in the above-mentioned multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the above-mentioned activation polarization, the recovery attenuation value of the above-mentioned first working condition; a sixth determination module, used to The attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the second working condition are analyzed as model inputs to determine the second update value and the second update time period, wherein the model is trained by a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each of the multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the second working condition; the seventh determination module is used to analyze the attenuation caused by the concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the third working condition as model inputs to determine the third update value and the third update time period, wherein the model is trained by a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each of the multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the third working condition. In the above device, the performance attenuation ΔU of the stack can be determined each time. act , ΔU ohm , ΔU con And the recovery attenuation ΔU Re act , ΔU Re ohm , ΔU Re con And the first value S opt , the first time period t S opt , the second value T opt , the second time period t T opt , the third value N opt , the third time period t N opt A total of 12 parameters are used to establish three sets of matrices according to their correlation, namely [ΔU act ΔU Re act S opt t S opt ], [ΔU ohm ΔU Re ohm T optt T opt ], [ΔU con ΔU Re con N opt t N opt ]. A nonlinear high-order feature expression of performance attenuation, recovery attenuation, correction parameters (including the first value, the second value and the third value) and execution time (including the first time period, the second time period and the third time period) is established by using a neural network algorithm. The first and second items of each group of matrices are input variables of the neural network algorithm, and the third and fourth items are outputs; a higher-level neural network algorithm is used between the three groups of matrices to weaken the low-dimensional coupling between the three working conditions. To facilitate system identification and calculation, the present invention converts the attenuation of the battery stack performance into the attenuation of current. In this way, using voltage as the identification condition is more conducive to the system identifying the boundaries of the three parts of the attenuation. Those skilled in the art may also choose to convert the attenuation of the battery stack performance into the attenuation of power or voltage.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present application, on the basis of including the above-mentioned acquisition unit, the first control unit, the second control unit and the third control unit, the first control unit, the second control unit and the third control unit are further refined, specifically including: a first update module, used to update the above-mentioned first value to the above-mentioned first update value, and update the above-mentioned first time period to the above-mentioned first update time period; a second update module, used to update the above-mentioned second value to the above-mentioned second update value, and update the above-mentioned second time period to the above-mentioned second update time period; a third update module, used to update the above-mentioned third value to the above-mentioned third update value, and update the above-mentioned third time period to the above-mentioned third update time period. In the above-mentioned device, the above-mentioned 12 parameters when the recovery is first executed are calibrated during the system development process, and then updated by the predicted values ​​generated by each machine learning model. The first update value, first update time period, second update value, second update time period, third update value, and third update time period predicted by the above-mentioned neural network model are used to update the parameters, which can further make the recovery attenuation amount obtained by the fuel cell when it is running under different working conditions accurate. The overall flow chart of the method for extending the life of the fuel cell in the present application is as follows. Figure 7As shown, first, a polarization curve is obtained according to the voltage and current of the fuel cell stack, and the polarization curve is separated to separate the activation polarization curve, the ohmic polarization curve and the concentration polarization curve, and then the corresponding polarization decay rate can be determined according to these polarization curves. It is judged whether the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization are greater than or equal to the corresponding threshold value, and different working conditions are executed to restore the performance. After executing different recovery modes, the corresponding recovery attenuation value can be determined, and then the attenuation caused by activation polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the first working condition, the attenuation caused by ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the second working condition, the attenuation caused by concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the third working condition are respectively input into the machine learning model, and multiple sets of data are used to train through the neural network model, and the update value and update time period are output, and the update iteration is continuously performed.

[0068] The above-mentioned device for extending the life of a fuel cell includes a processor and a memory. The above-mentioned acquisition unit, first control unit, second control unit and third control unit are all stored in the memory as program units, and the processor executes the above-mentioned program units stored in the memory to realize corresponding functions.

[0069] The processor includes a kernel, which calls the corresponding program unit from the memory. One or more kernels can be set, and the life of the fuel cell can be extended by adjusting the kernel parameters.

[0070] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM, and the memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0071] An embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium on which a program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for extending the life of a fuel cell is implemented.

[0072] An embodiment of the present invention provides a processor, and the processor is used to run a program, wherein the method for extending the life of a fuel cell is executed when the program is run.

[0073] An embodiment of the present invention provides a device, the device including a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, at least the following steps are implemented:

[0074] Step S101, respectively obtaining the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization, and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell, wherein the activation polarization is polarization caused by the electrochemical reaction rate of the positive and negative active materials of the fuel cell being less than the electron movement rate, the ohmic polarization is polarization caused by the contact resistance inside the fuel cell, and the concentration polarization is polarization caused by mass transfer resistance;

[0075] Step S102, when the decay rate of the activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a first operating condition for a first period of time, wherein the first operating condition is an operating condition for reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell;

[0076] Step S103, when the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a second operating condition for a second period of time, wherein the second operating condition is a condition for reducing the temperature of the fuel cell;

[0077] Step S104, when the decay rate of the concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a third operating condition for a third period of time, wherein the third operating condition is a condition for reducing the purge flow of the fuel cell.

[0078] The devices in this article can be servers, PCs, PADs, mobile phones, etc.

[0079] The present application also provides a computer program product, which, when executed on a data processing device, is suitable for executing a program for initializing at least the following method steps:

[0080] Step S101, respectively obtaining the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization, and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell, wherein the activation polarization is polarization caused by the electrochemical reaction rate of the positive and negative active materials of the fuel cell being less than the electron movement rate, the ohmic polarization is polarization caused by the contact resistance inside the fuel cell, and the concentration polarization is polarization caused by mass transfer resistance;

[0081] Step S102, when the decay rate of the activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a first operating condition for a first period of time, wherein the first operating condition is an operating condition for reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell;

[0082] Step S103, when the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a second operating condition for a second period of time, wherein the second operating condition is a condition for reducing the temperature of the fuel cell;

[0083] Step S104, when the decay rate of the concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a third operating condition for a third period of time, wherein the third operating condition is a condition for reducing the purge flow of the fuel cell.

[0084] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0085] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the above-mentioned units can be a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules, which can be electrical or other forms.

[0086] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0087] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0088] If the above-mentioned integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the above-mentioned methods of each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0089] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:

[0090] 1) In the method for extending the life of a fuel cell of the present application, first, the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell are respectively obtained; then, when the decay rate of activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to operate in a first operating condition for a first period of time, wherein the first operating condition is a condition for reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell; then, when the decay rate of ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to operate in a second operating condition for a second period of time, wherein the second operating condition is a condition for reducing the temperature of the fuel cell; finally, when the decay rate of concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to operate in a third operating condition for a third period of time, wherein the third operating condition is a condition for reducing the purge flow of the fuel cell. By quantitatively analyzing the factors causing the attenuation of the stack performance, different recovery attenuation conditions are executed by respectively judging whether the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization are greater than or equal to the corresponding thresholds. When the decay rate of activation polarization is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell can be reduced to restore the activation polarization decay; when the decay rate of ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the temperature of the fuel cell can be reduced to restore the ohmic polarization decay; when the decay rate of concentration polarization is greater than or equal to the third threshold, the temperature of the fuel cell can be reduced to restore the concentration polarization decay. Thus, the technical effect of timely partial recovery of the recoverable decay of the fuel cell stack and extending the life of the fuel cell is achieved, thereby solving the technical problem of short fuel cell life caused by rapid irrecoverable decay caused by fuel cell decay accumulation and memory in the prior art.

[0091] 2) In the device for extending the life of a fuel cell of the present application, the acquisition unit is used to respectively acquire the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell; the first control unit is used to control the fuel cell to operate in a first working condition and last for a first time period when the decay rate of the activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold, wherein the first working condition is a working condition for reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell; the second control unit is used to control the fuel cell to operate in a second working condition and last for a second time period when the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold, wherein the second working condition is a working condition for reducing the temperature of the fuel cell; the third control unit is used to control the fuel cell to operate in a third working condition and last for a third time period when the decay rate of the concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold, wherein the third working condition is a working condition for reducing the purge flow of the fuel cell. By quantitatively analyzing the factors causing the attenuation of the stack performance, different recovery attenuation working conditions are executed by respectively judging whether the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization are greater than or equal to the corresponding thresholds. When the decay rate of activation polarization is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell can be reduced to restore the activation polarization decay; when the decay rate of ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the temperature of the fuel cell can be reduced to restore the ohmic polarization decay; when the decay rate of concentration polarization is greater than or equal to the third threshold, the temperature of the fuel cell can be reduced to restore the concentration polarization decay. Thus, the technical effect of timely partial recovery of the recoverable decay of the fuel cell stack and extending the life of the fuel cell is achieved, thereby solving the technical problem of short fuel cell life caused by rapid irrecoverable decay caused by fuel cell decay accumulation and memory in the prior art.

[0092] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for extending the life of a fuel cell, characterized in that: include: Respectively obtain the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell, wherein the activation polarization is polarization caused by the electrochemical reaction rate of the positive and negative active materials of the fuel cell being less than the electron movement rate, the ohmic polarization is polarization caused by the contact resistance inside the fuel cell, and the concentration polarization is polarization caused by mass transfer resistance; When the decay rate of the activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a first operating condition for a first period of time, wherein the first operating condition is an operating condition for reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell; When the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold, controlling the fuel cell to operate in a second operating condition for a second period of time, wherein the second operating condition is an operating condition for reducing the temperature of the fuel cell; When the decay rate of the concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to operate in a third operating condition for a third period of time, wherein the third operating condition is an operating condition for reducing a purge flow rate of the fuel cell, The decay rates of activation polarization, ohmic polarization, and concentration polarization of the fuel cell are obtained respectively, including: Obtaining polarization curves of the fuel cell at multiple different output powers; Separating the polarization curve to obtain an activation polarization curve, an ohmic polarization curve and a concentration polarization curve; The decay rate of the activation polarization is determined according to the activation polarization curve, the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is determined according to the ohmic polarization curve, and the decay rate of the concentration polarization is determined according to the concentration polarization curve. Determining the decay rate of the activation polarization according to the activation polarization curve includes: according to the formula Determine the decay rate of the activation polarization, where k1 is the decay rate of the activation polarization, ΔI act is the current decay caused by the activation polarization, ΔU act is the voltage decay caused by the activation polarization; Determining the decay rate of the ohmic polarization according to the ohmic polarization curve includes: according to the formula Determine the decay rate of the ohmic polarization, where k2 is the decay rate of the ohmic polarization, ΔI ohm is the current attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization, ΔU ohm is the voltage attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization; Determining the attenuation rate of the concentration polarization according to the concentration polarization curve includes: according to the formula Determine the decay rate of the concentration polarization, where k3 is the decay rate of the concentration polarization, ΔI con is the current decay caused by the concentration polarization, ΔU con is the voltage decay caused by the concentration polarization.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: When the fuel cell operates in a first operating condition, determining a recovery attenuation value of the first operating condition according to a first value, wherein the first value is a reduction in the oxygen stoichiometric ratio; When the fuel cell is operated in a second operating condition, determining a recovery attenuation value of the second operating condition according to a second value, wherein the second value is a decrease in the temperature; When the fuel cell operates in the third operating condition, a recovery attenuation value of the third operating condition is determined according to a third value, where the third value is a reduction in the purge flow rate.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method further comprises: The attenuation caused by the activation polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the first working condition are analyzed as model inputs to determine a first update value and a first update time period, wherein the model is trained by a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each set of data in the multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the activation polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the first working condition; The attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the second working condition are analyzed as model inputs to determine a second update value and a second update time period, wherein the model is trained by a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each set of data in the multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the second working condition; The attenuation caused by the concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the third operating condition are analyzed as model inputs to determine a third update value and a third update time period, wherein the model is trained using a neural network model using multiple sets of data, and each set of data in the multiple sets of data includes: the attenuation caused by the concentration polarization and the recovery attenuation value of the third operating condition.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The method further comprises: updating the first value to the first updated value, and updating the first time period to the first updated time period; updating the second value to the second updated value, and updating the second time period to the second updated time period; The third value is updated to the third updated value, and the third time period is updated to the third updated time period.

5. A device for extending the life of a fuel cell, characterized in that: include: An acquisition unit, used to respectively acquire the decay rate of activation polarization, the decay rate of ohmic polarization and the decay rate of concentration polarization of the fuel cell, wherein the activation polarization is polarization caused by the electrochemical reaction rate of the positive and negative active materials of the fuel cell being less than the electron movement rate, the ohmic polarization is polarization caused by the contact resistance inside the fuel cell, and the concentration polarization is polarization caused by mass transfer resistance; a first control unit, configured to control the fuel cell to operate in a first operating condition for a first period of time when the decay rate of the activation polarization is greater than or equal to a first threshold, wherein the first operating condition is an operating condition for reducing the oxygen stoichiometric ratio of the fuel cell; a second control unit, configured to control the fuel cell to operate in a second operating condition for a second period of time when the decay rate of the ohmic polarization is greater than or equal to a second threshold, wherein the second operating condition is a condition for reducing the temperature of the fuel cell; a third control unit, configured to control the fuel cell to operate in a third operating condition for a third period of time when the decay rate of the concentration polarization is greater than or equal to a third threshold, wherein the third operating condition is an operating condition for reducing a purge flow rate of the fuel cell, The acquisition unit comprises: An acquisition module, used to acquire polarization curves of the fuel cell at multiple different output powers; A processing module, used for separating the polarization curve to obtain an activation polarization curve, an ohmic polarization curve and a concentration polarization curve; a first determining module, configured to determine the decay rate of the activation polarization according to the activation polarization curve, determine the decay rate of the ohmic polarization according to the ohmic polarization curve, and determine the decay rate of the concentration polarization according to the concentration polarization curve; The first determining module comprises: The first determination submodule is used to determine the decay rate of the activation polarization according to the activation polarization curve, including: according to the formula Determine the decay rate of the activation polarization, where k1 is the decay rate of the activation polarization, ΔI act is the current decay caused by the activation polarization, ΔU act is the voltage decay caused by the activation polarization; The second determination submodule is used to determine the attenuation rate of the ohmic polarization according to the ohmic polarization curve, including: according to the formula Determine the decay rate of the ohmic polarization, where k2 is the decay rate of the ohmic polarization, ΔI ohm is the current attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization, ΔU ohm The voltage attenuation caused by the ohmic polarization; a third determination submodule, used to determine the attenuation rate of the concentration polarization according to the concentration polarization curve, including: according to the formula Determine the decay rate of the concentration polarization, where k3 is the decay rate of the concentration polarization, ΔI con is the current decay caused by the concentration polarization, ΔU con is the voltage decay caused by the concentration polarization.

6. A processor, characterized in that: The processor is used to run a program, wherein the program executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 when running.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein: The program executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

8. A system for extending the life of a fuel cell, characterized in that: include: One or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and are configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include methods for executing any one of claims 1 to 4.

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