Automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts

Abstract

The present invention relates to an automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts, which belongs to the technical field of parts clamping, and solves the problems of low automation and poor stability of existing clamping methods. The automatic clamping method of the present invention comprises: step S1: hoisting the long cylindrical parts from the top of the frame into the interior; until it contacts the V-shaped support plate of the axial clamping mechanism of the frame; step S2: the first hydraulic cylinder drives the V-shaped support plate to move downward, and at the same time drives the L-shaped clamping plates to approach each other through the connecting rod mechanism, until the two L-shaped clamping plates contact the two ends of the long cylindrical parts respectively; step S3: two groups of longitudinal clamping mechanisms are arranged above the frame, and the second hydraulic cylinder is started to push the clamping plates hinged to the frame to rotate; one group of longitudinal clamping mechanisms symmetrically arranges two clamping plates; until the two clamping plates contact the sides of the long cylindrical parts, and the clamping is completed. The present invention realizes the automatic clamping of long cylindrical parts and the stepless locking of the clamping mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of clamping equipment, and in particular to an automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts. Background Art

[0002] In the field of parts clamping technology, especially for long cylindrical parts, when processing their inner cavities, it is often necessary to design specific tooling for clamping.

[0003] However, the existing clamping devices have a low degree of automation and poor clamping effect. During the processing, the parts are prone to movement, resulting in the processing quality failing to meet the requirements. For example, the existing method of clamping the holes of thin-walled long cylindrical parts uses parallel flexible ropes and arc-shaped washers for clamping, which is prone to the problem of parts loosening. In addition, the existing device has a low degree of automation in the clamping process and requires constant manual adjustment of the fixture.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts to clamp the long cylindrical parts, thereby ensuring the clamping stability and improving the degree of automation. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide an automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts to solve the problems of easy loosening and low automation of existing clamping devices.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] An automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts, using a stepless clamping device for clamping; the automatic clamping method comprises:

[0008] Step S1: hoist the long cylindrical parts from the top of the frame into the inside of the frame; until the long cylindrical parts are in contact with the V-shaped support plates of the two sets of axial clamping mechanisms under the frame;

[0009] Step S2: The first hydraulic cylinder drives the V-shaped support plate to move downward, and at the same time drives the two sets of L-shaped clamping plates of the axial clamping mechanism to approach each other through the connecting rod mechanism, until the two L-shaped clamping plates are respectively in contact with the two ends of the long cylindrical part;

[0010] Step S3: two sets of longitudinal clamping mechanisms are arranged above the frame, and two clamping plates are symmetrically arranged on the longitudinal clamping mechanisms; the second hydraulic cylinder is started to push the clamping plates hinged to the frame to rotate; until the two clamping plates contact the sides of the long cylindrical parts, the clamping is completed.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S2, a first stepless locking device is installed between the connecting rod mechanism and the bottom plate of the frame. After the L-shaped clamping plate contacts the long cylindrical part, the connecting rod mechanism is locked by the first stepless locking device, and the positions of the V-shaped support plate and the L-shaped clamping plate are reversely locked.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S3, a second stepless locking device is connected between two clamping plates of the same set of longitudinal clamping mechanisms; after the clamping plates come into contact with the long cylindrical parts, the positions of the two clamping plates are locked by the second stepless locking device.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, the frame is a rectangular parallelepiped frame structure, and long cylindrical parts can enter the interior thereof from above.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the axial clamping method of the axial clamping mechanism for the long cylindrical part includes:

[0015] Step S21: During the descending process of the V-shaped support plate, the push rod hinged to the V-shaped support plate pushes the push-pull support to slide outward along the second guide plate, so that the two symmetrically arranged push-pull supports move away from each other;

[0016] Step S22: When the two push-pull supports move away from each other, the symmetrically arranged pull rods are driven to rotate relative to the push-pull supports; the angle between the pull rods and the second guide plate is reduced, and at the same time, the L-shaped clamping plate hinged to the pull rods is pulled to slide along the first guide plate;

[0017] Step S23: Move the two L-shaped clamps in front and behind the long cylindrical part toward the V-shaped support plate, and the two L-shaped clamps approach each other until the L-shaped clamps touch the long cylindrical part, and the movement of the axial clamping mechanism stops.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S22, the first stepless locking device is connected between the L-shaped clamping plate and the base of the frame, and the first stepless locking device is compressed when the L-shaped clamping plate slides along the first guide rail plate.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S23, after the L-shaped clamp contacts the long cylindrical part, the long cylindrical part can no longer continue to descend, and the first stepless locking device hinged to the L-shaped clamp locks the L-shaped clamp, so that the L-shaped clamps at the front and rear ends of the long cylindrical part cannot move away from each other, and the long cylindrical part is fixed in the axial direction.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S3, the longitudinal clamping method of the longitudinal clamping mechanism for the long cylindrical parts includes:

[0021] Step S31: The second hydraulic cylinder connected to the frame hinge pushes the clamping plate to start rotating relative to the frame;

[0022] Step S32: the second hydraulic cylinder continues to extend, pushing the angle between the clamping plate and the longitudinal support beam of the frame to increase, and the clamping plate moves closer to the long cylindrical part;

[0023] Step S33: When the symmetrically arranged clamping plates are tilted and pressed against the two sides of the long cylindrical parts, the clamping plates stop moving.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S33, when the clamping plate contacts the long cylindrical part, the angle between the clamping plate and the longitudinal support beam of the base is an acute angle.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S33, the length of the second stepless locking device is locked to lock the clamping plates on both sides of the long cylindrical parts, so that they cannot rotate relative to the frame. The long cylindrical parts are clamped by the clamping plates in the longitudinal direction and cannot move longitudinally.

[0026] Further, the stepless clamping device comprises: a frame, an axial clamping mechanism and a longitudinal clamping mechanism;

[0027] The axial clamping mechanism comprises: a V-shaped support plate, an L-shaped clamping plate, a connecting rod mechanism and a first stepless locking device; the V-shaped support plate is used to support the long cylindrical parts; the V-shaped support plate is connected to the L-shaped clamping plate through a connecting rod mechanism; when the V-shaped support plate moves downward, the connecting rod mechanism can drive the L-shaped clamping plate to move, thereby pressing the L-shaped clamping plate against the two ends of the long cylindrical parts; the first stepless locking device is used to lock the connecting rod mechanism;

[0028] The longitudinal clamping mechanism includes: a second hydraulic cylinder, a clamping plate and a second stepless locking device; the second hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the clamping plate to rotate, and the clamping plate can contact the upper surface of the long cylindrical part and then press it against the V-shaped support plate; the second stepless locking device is used to lock the clamping plate.

[0029] Furthermore, the connecting rod mechanism includes: a push rod, a pull rod, a first guide plate, a second guide plate and a push-pull support; the first guide plate and the second guide plate are both fixedly mounted on the bottom plate of the frame, and the two are perpendicular to each other; the L-shaped clamping plate is slidably mounted on the first guide plate, and two push-pull supports are slidably mounted on the second guide plate; two push rods are hingedly mounted below the V-shaped support plate; one end of the two push rods is hinged to the V-shaped support plate, and the other end is hinged to the two push-pull supports respectively; two pull rods are hingedly mounted on both sides of the L-shaped clamping plate; one end of the two pull rods is hinged to the L-shaped clamping plate, and the other end is hinged to the two push-pull supports.

[0030] Furthermore, the first stepless locking device and the second stepless locking device have the same structure.

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention can achieve at least one of the following effects:

[0032] 1. The automatic clamping method of a long cylindrical part of the present invention relies on an axial clamping mechanism and a longitudinal clamping mechanism for automatic clamping, and has a high degree of automation.

[0033] 2. The automatic clamping method of long cylindrical parts of the present invention fully utilizes the gravity of the parts themselves and the provided connecting rod mechanism to achieve all-round clamping and fixation of the long cylindrical parts, and can ensure that the parts do not move during the processing, which is beneficial to improving the processing accuracy of the parts.

[0034] 3. The automatic clamping method of long cylindrical parts of the present invention locks the axial clamping mechanism and the longitudinal clamping mechanism through a stepless locking device; the stepless locking device utilizes the cooperation of the movable pawl and ratchet rod to overcome the defect that the traditional ratchet locking mechanism can only be locked at a fixed position, thereby realizing stepless locking.

[0035] In the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions can also be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combination solutions. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent description, and some advantages can become obvious from the description, or can be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings are only used for the purpose of illustrating specific embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. In the entire drawings, the same reference symbols represent the same components;

[0037] Figure 1 The clamping state of the stepless clamping device used to implement the automatic clamping method of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the axial clamping mechanism in the frame;

[0039] Figure 3 A is the axonometric view of the axial clamping mechanism;

[0040] Figure 4 It is the axonometric view B of the axial clamping mechanism;

[0041] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the installation state of the longitudinal clamping mechanism on the rack;

[0042] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the longitudinal clamping mechanism;

[0043] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the stepless locking device;

[0044] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a stepless locking device;

[0045] Fig. 9 A is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the stepless locking device;

[0046] Fig.10 Schematic diagram B of the internal structure of the stepless locking device;

[0047] Fig.11 Schematic diagram C of the internal structure of the stepless locking device;

[0048] Fig.12 A cross-sectional view of a ratchet rod assembly of a stepless locking device;

[0049] Fig.13 for Fig.12 A partial enlarged view of the H portion of the spinous rod assembly;

[0050] Fig.14 This is an exploded view of the stepless locking device;

[0051] Fig.15 It is a structural schematic diagram of a threaded rod of a stepless locking device;

[0052] Fig.16 It is a structural schematic diagram of a support plate of a stepless locking device;

[0053] Fig.17 It is a structural schematic diagram of a ratchet rod of a stepless locking device;

[0054] Fig.18 A schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the pawl and the spring of the stepless locking device;

[0055] Fig.19 It is a flow chart of the automatic clamping method of the present invention.

[0056] Reference numerals:

[0057] 1-frame; 2-axial clamping mechanism; 3-longitudinal clamping mechanism; 12-long cylindrical parts;

[0058] 21-V-shaped support plate; 22-first hydraulic cylinder; 23-push rod; 24-pull rod; 25-L-shaped clamping plate; 26-first guide plate; 27-second guide plate; 28-push-pull support; 29-first stepless locking device; 210-machine base;

[0059] 31-second hydraulic cylinder; 32-bracket; 33-clamping plate; 34-second stepless locking device;

[0060] 41-threaded sleeve; 42-first end cover; 43-second end cover; 44-cylindrical pin; 45-support plate; 46-ratchet rod; 47-threaded rod; 48-ratchet; 49-top rod; 410-rocker rod; 411-spring; 412-trapezoidal guide rail; 413-triangular guide groove; 414-ratchet groove; 415-triangular guide rail; 416-cylindrical groove; 417-cylindrical boss; 418-trapezoidal guide groove; 419-ratchet hole; 420-cylindrical through hole; 421-rotating shaft; 422-first pull rod; 423-second pull rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] A specific embodiment of the present invention is used to provide an automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts, see Fig.19 , including the following steps:

[0064] Step S1: hoist the long cylindrical part 12 from above the frame 1 into the inside of the frame 1 until the long cylindrical part 12 contacts the V-shaped support plates 21 of the two sets of axial clamping mechanisms 2 below the frame 1;

[0065] Step S2: The first hydraulic cylinder 22 drives the V-shaped support plate 21 to move downward, and at the same time drives the two sets of L-shaped clamping plates 25 of the axial clamping mechanism 2 to approach each other through the connecting rod mechanism, until the two L-shaped clamping plates 25 are in contact with the two ends of the long cylindrical part 12 respectively;

[0066] Step S3: two sets of longitudinal clamping mechanisms 3 are arranged above the frame 1, and the second hydraulic cylinder 31 is started to push the clamping plate 33 hinged to the frame 1 to rotate; one set of longitudinal clamping mechanisms 3 symmetrically arranges two clamping plates 33; until the two clamping plates 33 contact the side of the long cylindrical part 12, the clamping is completed.

[0067] In step S2, a first stepless locking device 29 is installed between the connecting rod mechanism and the bottom plate of the frame 1. After the L-shaped clamping plate 25 contacts the long cylindrical part 12, the connecting rod mechanism is locked by the first stepless locking device 29, and the positions of the V-shaped support plate 21 and the L-shaped clamping plate 25 are reversely locked.

[0068] In step S3 , the second stepless locking device 34 is connected between the two clamping plates 33 of the same set of longitudinal clamping mechanisms 3 ; after the clamping plates 33 come into contact with the long cylindrical parts 12 , the positions of the two clamping plates 33 are locked by the second stepless locking device 34 .

[0069] In step S1, the frame 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped frame structure, and long cylindrical parts can enter the interior thereof from above.

[0070] In step S2, the axial clamping method of the axial clamping mechanism 2 on the long cylindrical part 12 includes:

[0071] Step S21: During the descending process of the V-shaped support plate 21, the push rod 23 hingedly connected to the V-shaped support plate 21 pushes the push-pull support 28 to slide outward along the second guide plate 27, so that the two symmetrically arranged push-pull supports 28 move away from each other;

[0072] Step S22: When the two push-pull supports 28 move away from each other, the symmetrically arranged pull rods 24 are driven to rotate relative to the push-pull supports 28; the angle between the pull rods 24 and the second guide plate 27 is reduced, and at the same time, the L-shaped clamping plate 25 hinged thereto is pulled to slide along the first guide plate 26; the first stepless locking device 29 is connected between the L-shaped clamping plate 25 and the base of the frame 1, and the first stepless locking device 29 is compressed when the L-shaped clamping plate 25 slides along the first guide plate 26;

[0073] Step S23: Move the two L-shaped clamps 25 in front and behind the long cylindrical part 12 toward the V-shaped support plate 21, and the two L-shaped clamps 25 approach each other until the L-shaped clamps 25 touch the long cylindrical part 12, and the movement of the axial clamping mechanism 2 stops.

[0074] Specifically, a pressure sensor is installed on the side of the L-shaped clamping plate 25 to monitor whether it contacts the end surface of the cylindrical part by monitoring the pressure change on the surface of the L-shaped clamping plate 25. When the L-shaped clamping plate 25 contacts the end surface of the cylindrical part, the action of the first hydraulic cylinder 22 is controlled to stop.

[0075] After the L-shaped clamp 25 contacts the long cylindrical part 12, the long cylindrical part 12 can no longer descend, and the first stepless locking device 29 hingedly connected to the L-shaped clamp 25 locks the L-shaped clamp 25, so that the L-shaped clamps 25 at the front and rear ends of the long cylindrical part 12 cannot move away from each other, and the long cylindrical part 12 is fixed in the axial direction.

[0076] After the long cylindrical part 12 is fixed in the axial direction, the long cylindrical part 12 can no longer continue to descend; at this time, the L-shaped clamping plate 25 and the push-pull support 28 remain stationary, and the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 is started to clamp the part in the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0077] In step S3, the longitudinal clamping method of the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 on the long cylindrical part 12 includes:

[0078] Step S31: The second hydraulic cylinder 31 hinged to the frame 1 pushes the clamping plate 33 to start rotating relative to the frame 1;

[0079] Step S32: the second hydraulic cylinder 31 continues to extend, pushing the angle between the clamping plate 33 and the longitudinal support beam of the frame 1 to increase, and at the same time the clamping plate 33 approaches the direction of the long cylindrical part 12;

[0080] Step S33: When the symmetrically arranged clamps 33 are tilted and pressed against the two sides of the long cylindrical part 12, the clamps 33 stop moving. At this time, the angle between the clamps 33 and the longitudinal support beam is an acute angle. At the same time, the second stepless locking device 34 hingedly connected to the bracket 32 ​​locks the clamps 33 on both sides of the long cylindrical part 12, so that it cannot rotate relative to the frame 1. The long cylindrical part 12 is clamped by the clamps 33 in the longitudinal direction and cannot move longitudinally.

[0081] When the axial clamping mechanism 2 and the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 are clamping the long cylindrical part 12, the threaded rod 47 and the ratchet rod 46 of the first stepless locking device 29 and the second stepless locking device 34 slide relative to each other, the ratchet rod 46 and the ratchet 48 also move relative to each other, the ratchet 48 compresses the spring 411, and the ratchet 48 switches to engage in different ratchet grooves 414.

[0082] When the stepless locking device is working, when the long cylindrical part 12 is stationary, the threaded rod 47 and the ratchet rod 46 are relatively stationary, but the ratchet 48 that cooperates with the ratchet groove 414 on the ratchet rod 46 may not completely reach the bottom of the ratchet groove 414, that is, the ratchet 48 is not completely aligned with the ratchet groove 414; at this time, the threaded rod 47 and the ratchet rod 46 can still move away from each other, and the interior of the long cylindrical part 12 is being processed, so the long cylindrical part 12 is not completely clamped.

[0083] Furthermore, it also includes step S4: when the axial clamping mechanism 2 and the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 completely clamp the long cylindrical part 12, the cylindrical pin 44 of the stepless locking device is removed from the cylindrical pin hole of the threaded sleeve 41; the axial clamping mechanism 2 and the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 are locked by the first stepless locking device 29 and the second stepless locking device 34.

[0084] The first stepless locking device 29 and the second stepless locking device 34 have the same structure.

[0085] In step S4, the locking process of the stepless locking device includes:

[0086] Step S41: When the axial clamping mechanism 2 and the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 move, the first pull rod 422 and the second pull rod 423 drive the ratchet rod 46 and the threaded rod 47 to move relative to each other; the overall length of the stepless locking device is reduced;

[0087] Step S42: The threaded rod 47 drives the pawl 48 to move along the axis direction of the ratchet rod 46, and the ratchet 48 switches to different ratchet grooves 414 for engagement; when the axial clamping mechanism 2 and the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 stop moving, the ratchet rod 46 and the threaded rod 47 are relatively stationary;

[0088] Step S43: Remove the cylindrical pin 44, and then drive the pawl mounting assembly to move relative to the threaded rod 47 through the elastic force of the spring 411, drive the pawl 48 to move relative to the threaded rod 47 and the ratchet rod 46, and adjust the position of the pawl 48 so that it is fully engaged with the pawl groove 414.

[0089] In step S41, the threaded rod 47 and the threaded sleeve 41 are restricted by the cylindrical pin 44 and cannot move relative to each other, and thus the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 are also relatively stationary with respect to the threaded rod 47; when the ratchet rod 46 and the threaded rod 47 are relatively displaced, the pawl 48 slides between different pawl grooves 414; when the pawl 48 slides along the ratchet rod 46, the spring 411 is compressed; and the extension and retraction of the stepless locking device is achieved through the relative displacement of the ratchet rod 46 and the threaded rod 47.

[0090] like Figure 2 As shown, in step S42, during the relative sliding stage between the ratchet rod 46 and the threaded rod 47, that is, when the cylindrical pin 44 is limited, since the push rod 49 can only move up and down relative to the support plate 45, the rocker arm 410 is restricted by the support plate 45 and cannot rotate relative to the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43; therefore, at this time, the rocker arm 410 and the end cover do not deflect relative to each other, the push rod 49 remains stationary, and the displacement of the ratchet 48 is achieved by the compression of the spring 411.

[0091] In step S43, when the position of the pawl 48 is adjusted, the cylindrical pin 44 no longer limits the threaded rod 47 and the threaded sleeve 41, the swing rod 410 can swing, and the component of the lifting force of the push rod 49 on the swing rod 410 serves as the torque for the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 to rotate.

[0092] Specifically, in step S43, the position adjustment method of the pawl 48 is:

[0093] Step S431: The elastic force of the spring 411 pushes the push rod 49 to move along the axis direction of the pawl 48, thereby pushing the swing rod 410 to deflect. When the swing rod 410 deflects, it drives the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 to rotate, and the threaded sleeve 41 rotates synchronously with the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43;

[0094] Step S432: the threaded sleeve 41 is displaced relative to the axial direction of the threaded rod 47 when rotating, thereby driving the first end cover 42, the second end cover 43 and the support plate 45 to displace relative to the threaded rod 47;

[0095] Step S433: When the support plate 48 is displaced relative to the threaded rod 47, the pawl 48 in the pawl hole 419 can be driven to displace synchronously; the pawl 48 is displaced relative to the ratchet rod 46 to adjust itself to be completely aligned with the pawl groove 414, and then fully engages with the pawl groove 414 under the elastic force of the spring 411.

[0096] In step S43 , after the motion mechanism is completed, the cylindrical pin 44 is removed from the cylindrical pin hole of the threaded sleeve 41 ; the threaded sleeve 41 and the threaded rod 47 are unlocked, so that the threaded sleeve 41 can rotate relative to the threaded rod 47 .

[0097] In step S431, a spring 411 is arranged between the cylindrical groove 416 of the pawl 48 and the cylindrical boss 417 on the push rod 49. The elastic force of the spring 411 pushes the push rod 49 away from the pawl 48. At the same time, the push rod 49 pushes the swing rod 410 to swing, and at the same time pushes the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 hinged thereto to rotate, and drives the threaded sleeve 41 fixedly connected to the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 to rotate relative to the threaded rod 47; during the rotation of the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43, the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 drive the threaded sleeve 41 to rotate relative to the threaded rod 47, and the threaded sleeve 41 moves along the axial direction of the threaded rod 47. During the process, the push rod 49 is always slidably engaged with the pawl 48, and the relative rotation of the threaded sleeve 41 and the threaded rod 47 is achieved through the relative deflection of the swing rod 410 and the push rod 49.

[0098] In step S432 , when the threaded sleeve 41 moves axially along the threaded rod 47 , the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 push the support plate 45 to slide along the trapezoidal guide rail 412 relative to the threaded rod 47 ; the support plate 45 moves along the trapezoidal guide rail 412 on the threaded rod 47 .

[0099] In step S433, under the push of the support plate 45, the pawls 48 arranged in an array also begin to move along the axial direction of the threaded rod 47, adjusting the alignment of the pawl 48 and the pawl groove 414; during the alignment process of the pawl 48 and the pawl groove 414, under the action of the elastic force of the spring 411, the pawl 48 moves along the axial direction of the hole in the pawl hole 419 of the support plate 45 toward the bottom of the pawl groove 414 until the pawl 48 reaches the bottom of the pawl groove 414, the pawl 48 is fully engaged with the pawl groove 414, and the movement stops.

[0100] In step S433, when the pawl 48 is fully engaged with the pawl groove 414, the spring 411 no longer pushes the push rod 49 and the rocker arm 410 to move, the threaded sleeve 41 can no longer rotate, the support plate 45 can no longer move axially, the threaded rod 47 and the ratchet rod 46 cannot move away from each other, and the workpiece is completely clamped; when the workpiece is clamped, the threaded rod 47 and the ratchet rod 46 cannot move close to each other due to the obstruction of the workpiece, thereby ensuring the stability of the clamping state.

[0101] In the present invention, the locking method is carried out in two stages. The relative sliding of the ratchet rod 46 and the threaded rod 47 is positioned by the ratchet 48 to achieve stepless locking in the first stage. The position of the ratchet 48 is fine-tuned by the relative rotation of the rocker arm 410 and the threaded sleeve 41 to achieve reliable locking of the relatively stationary ratchet rod 46 and the threaded rod 47.

[0102] The stepless locking device of the present invention is applied to the clamping process of a workpiece by a machine tool in the field of mechanical processing. The clamping mechanism will not continue to move due to the structure of the workpiece. The locking device of the present invention can achieve reverse locking, thereby preventing the clamping mechanism from moving in the opposite direction away from the clamped part, thereby preventing loosening after clamping.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a clamping device for implementing the automatic clamping method of embodiment 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a frame 1, an axial clamping mechanism 2 and a longitudinal clamping mechanism 3.

[0105] Specifically, the frame 1 includes: a bottom plate, a cross beam and a longitudinal support beam. The bottom plate is a rectangular plate structure; there are four cross beams, which are connected end to end to form a rectangular frame structure. Figure 1 As shown; the rectangular frame structure is arranged parallel to the base plate and is connected and fixed to the base plate by a longitudinal support beam.

[0106] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the axial clamping mechanism 2 is symmetrically arranged at the front and rear ends of the bottom plate of the frame 1 and is fixedly connected to the bottom plate.

[0107] Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 is symmetrically arranged below the crossbeam and is rotatably connected to the crossbeam.

[0108] like Figure 2 As shown, the axial clamping mechanism 2 includes: a V-shaped support plate 21, an L-shaped clamping plate 25, a connecting rod mechanism and a first stepless locking device 29; the V-shaped support plate 21 is used to support the long cylindrical part 12; the V-shaped support plate 21 is connected to the L-shaped clamping plate 25 through a connecting rod mechanism; when the V-shaped support plate 21 moves downward, the connecting rod mechanism can drive the L-shaped clamping plate 25 to move, thereby pressing the L-shaped clamping plate 25 against the two ends of the long cylindrical part 12; the first stepless locking device 29 is used to lock the connecting rod mechanism.

[0109] like Figure 5As shown, the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 includes: a second hydraulic cylinder 31, a clamping plate 33 and a second stepless locking device 34; the second hydraulic cylinder 31 is used to drive the clamping plate 33 to rotate, and the clamping plate 33 can contact the upper surface of the long cylindrical part 12, thereby pressing it onto the V-shaped support plate 21; the second stepless locking device 34 is used to lock the clamping plate 33.

[0110] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, two groups of axial clamping mechanisms 2 are symmetrically arranged below the frame 1, and two groups of longitudinal clamping mechanisms 3 are symmetrically arranged above the frame 1. The present invention sets two groups of axial clamping mechanisms 2, so that two L-shaped clamping plates 25 can be clamped at both ends of the long cylindrical part 12, so that it cannot be axially displaced. In the present invention, by setting two groups of longitudinal clamping mechanisms 3, four contact points are formed above the long cylindrical part 12, thereby realizing multi-point clamping of the long cylindrical part 12, ensuring that the long cylindrical part 12 does not undergo radial displacement. At the same time, the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 and the axial clamping mechanism 2 form a total of eight clamping points on the surface of the long cylindrical part 12. The multi-point clamping method increases the friction force that needs to be overcome when the long cylindrical part 12 rotates along its own axis by multiple times, which can effectively prevent the long cylindrical part 12 from rotating along its own axis, and finally achieves complete fixation of the long cylindrical part 12, and complete limitation of its three displacement degrees of freedom and three rotational degrees of freedom.

[0111] During implementation, the long cylindrical part is placed above the axial clamping mechanism 2, and the long cylindrical part 12 is supported by the V-shaped support plate 21. In the process of the V-shaped support plate 21 moving downward under the weight of the part, the L-shaped clamping plate 25 can be driven by the connecting rod mechanism to move toward the direction close to the long cylindrical part 12. The axial clamping mechanism 2 limits the axial direction of the long cylindrical part 12 through the L-shaped clamping plate 25; the clamping plate 33 of the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 can rotate relative to the frame 1, and after rotation, it is pressed against the top of the long cylindrical part 12 to limit the radial displacement of the long cylindrical part, thereby realizing effective fixation of the long cylindrical part, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0112] In the present invention, the axial clamping mechanism 2 uses the gravity of the long cylindrical part 12 to lock the L-shaped clamping plate 25 through the first stepless locking device 29, thereby limiting the axial movement of the long cylindrical part 12. The longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 symmetrically arranged and installed at the front and rear ends of the frame 1 locks the clamping plate 33 through the second stepless locking device 34 to limit the longitudinal movement of the long cylindrical part 12; the axial clamping mechanism 2 and the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 limit the lateral movement of the long cylindrical part 12 through the cooperation of the V-shaped support plate 21 and the clamping plate 33, thereby completely fixing the long cylindrical part 12.

[0113] The following is a specific embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the various structural components:

[0114] (I) Axial clamping mechanism

[0115] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the axial clamping mechanism 2 includes: a V-shaped support plate 21, an L-shaped clamping plate 25, a connecting rod mechanism and a first stepless locking device 29.

[0116] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the connecting rod mechanism includes: a push rod 23, a pull rod 24, a first guide plate 26, a second guide plate 27 and a push-pull support 28. Specifically, the first guide plate 26 and the second guide plate 27 are fixedly mounted on the bottom plate of the frame 1, and the two are perpendicular to each other; the L-shaped clamping plate 25 is slidably mounted on the first guide plate 26, and two push-pull supports 28 are slidably mounted on the second guide plate 27; two push rods 23 are hingedly mounted below the V-shaped support plate 21; one end of the two push rods 23 is hinged to the V-shaped support plate 21, and the other end is respectively hinged to the two push-pull supports 28; two pull rods 24 are hingedly mounted on both sides of the L-shaped clamping plate 25; one end of the two pull rods 24 is hinged to the L-shaped clamping plate 25, and the other end is respectively hinged to the two push-pull supports 28.

[0117] Specifically, the push rod 23 is symmetrically arranged below the V-shaped support plate 21 , and both ends of the push rod 23 are hingedly connected to the V-shaped support plate 21 and the push-pull support 28 , respectively.

[0118] Specifically, the symmetrically arranged push-pull supports 28 cooperate with the second guide rail plate 27 symmetrically arranged and fixed on the frame 1 through the guide rails and the slide grooves; the push-pull supports 28 can slide relative to the second guide rail plate 27 .

[0119] Specifically, the L-shaped clamping plate 25 is located at the front end of the V-shaped support plate 21 , and cooperates with the first guide rail plate 26 fixed to the frame 1 through the guide rail and the slide groove. The L-shaped clamping plate 25 can slide along the first guide rail plate 26 .

[0120] Specifically, the first guide plate 26 and the second guide plate 27 are perpendicular to each other, and the two pull rods 24 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the L-shaped clamping plate 25 and the first guide plate 26 .

[0121] Specifically, the two ends of the pull rod 24 are respectively hinged to the L-shaped clamping plate 25 and the push-pull support 28, and the two ends of the first stepless locking device 29 are respectively hinged to the L-shaped clamping plate 25 and the bottom plate of the frame 1. Figure 2 As shown, two machine bases 210 are respectively installed on the L-shaped clamping plate 25 and the frame 1; two ends of the first stepless locking device 29 are respectively hinged to the L-shaped clamping plate 25 and the frame 1 through the machine bases 210.

[0122] In the present invention, two push rods 23, two push-pull supports 28 and the second guide plate 27 form a set of triangular motion mechanisms in the vertical direction. When the V-shaped support plate 21 moves downward, the angle between the two push rods 23 and the second guide plate 27 gradually decreases. At the same time, the two push rods 23 push the two push-pull supports 28 to slide along the second guide plate 27. During the sliding, the two push-pull supports 28 move away from each other.

[0123] In the present invention, two tie rods 24, two push-pull supports 28 and the second guide plate 27 form a triangular motion mechanism in the horizontal direction; when the two push-pull supports 28 move away from each other, the angle between the two tie rods 24 and the second guide plate 27 decreases; then, the two tie rods 24 drive the L-shaped clamping plate 25 to slide along the first guide plate 26 and move toward the direction close to the second guide plate 27. The two axial clamping mechanisms 2 are symmetrically arranged, and when the L-shaped clamping plate 25 moves toward the direction close to the second guide plate 27, the two L-shaped clamping plates 25 gradually approach the two end faces of the long cylindrical part 12 until it is clamped and fixed in the axial direction.

[0124] Furthermore, the axial clamping mechanism 2 further includes: a first hydraulic cylinder 22; the first hydraulic cylinder 22 is arranged below the V-shaped support plate 21, and is used to support the V-shaped support plate 21. Specifically, four first hydraulic cylinders 22 are arranged below the V-shaped support plate 21. Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the V-shaped support plate 21 is located below the long cylindrical part 12, and four first hydraulic cylinders 22 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the V-shaped support plate 21. One end of the first hydraulic cylinder 22 is hinged to the V-shaped support plate 21, and the other end is fixedly connected to the frame 1.

[0125] Furthermore, the first hydraulic cylinder 22 is gradually compressed during the downward movement of the V-shaped support plate 21 , and the first hydraulic cylinder 22 can buffer the downward movement speed of the long cylindrical part 12 and the V-shaped support plate 21 .

[0126] Furthermore, the first hydraulic cylinder 22 can be replaced by an elastic telescopic rod, which belongs to the same concept of the present invention and falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0127] In the present invention, the first stepless locking device 29 is arranged perpendicular to the second guide plate 27; in the process of the L-shaped clamping plate 25 clamping the long cylindrical part 12, the L-shaped clamping plate 25 is displaced along the first guide plate 26 toward the direction of the first stepless locking device 29, compressing the second stepless locking device 34; when the displacement of the L-shaped clamping plate 25 stops, the first stepless locking device 29 is no longer compressed and cannot be extended, and the L-shaped clamping plate 25 is locked and positioned by the first stepless locking device 29.

[0128] (II) Longitudinal clamping mechanism

[0129] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 includes: two groups of symmetrically arranged clamping plates 33 and a first hydraulic cylinder 31, two brackets 32 and a second stepless locking device 34; when the two first hydraulic cylinders 31 are extended, the two clamping plates 33 are symmetrically deflected; the brackets 32 are installed on the sides of the clamping plates 33; the second stepless locking device 34 is hingedly connected to the two symmetrically arranged clamping plates 33 through the two brackets 32.

[0130] Furthermore, the clamping plate 33 is hingedly mounted on the vertical support beam of the frame 1; one end of the second hydraulic cylinder 31 is hingedly connected to the clamping plate 33, and the other end is hingedly connected to the crossbeam above the frame 1; when the second hydraulic cylinder 31 is extended, it can push the clamping plate 33 to deflect relative to the frame 1.

[0131] Specifically, two ends of the second stepless locking device 34 are hinged to two symmetrically arranged brackets 32, and the two brackets 32 are respectively fixedly mounted on two clamping plates 33 symmetrically mounted on the frame 1; the second stepless locking device 34 is hinged to the two clamping plates 33 by setting the brackets 32.

[0132] Specifically, the bracket 32 ​​is fixedly installed in the middle of the clamping plate 33 .

[0133] Specifically, the lower end of the clamping plate 33 is hinged to the longitudinal support beam of the frame 1 .

[0134] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, two groups of brackets 32, clamps 33 and two second hydraulic cylinders 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second stepless locking device 34; the two ends of the second hydraulic cylinder 31 are hinged to the frame 1 and the clamps 33 respectively, the clamps 33 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the long cylindrical part 12, and the lower part of the clamps 33 is hinged to the frame 1, and the second stepless locking device 34 is located at the front and rear ends of the long cylindrical part 12.

[0135] In the initial state, both clamping plates 33 are parallel to the longitudinal support beam; when the second hydraulic cylinder 31 is extended, the clamping plates 33 are pushed to rotate relative to the longitudinal support beam. As the angle between the clamping plates 33 and the longitudinal support beam increases, the distance between the two brackets 32 decreases, and the second stepless locking device 34 is compressed; the two clamping plates 33 are able to press the long cylindrical parts 12 when they are close to each other. When the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 completes clamping the long cylindrical parts 12, the second stepless locking device 34 no longer continues to compress and cannot be extended. The clamping plates 33 are locked in position by the second stepless locking device 34 to ensure the stability of the long cylindrical parts during processing.

[0136] (III) Stepless locking device

[0137] In a specific implementation of the present invention, the first stepless locking device 29 and the second stepless locking device 34 have the same structure.

[0138] The following takes the first stepless locking device 29 as an example to illustrate the structural composition and working principle of the stepless locking device:

[0139] like Figure 7-Figure 18 As shown, the first stepless locking device 29 includes: a ratchet rod 46 , a threaded rod 47 , a pawl 48 and a spring 411 .

[0140] Specifically, the ratchet rod 46 is slidably installed inside the threaded rod 47; a plurality of parallel ratchet grooves 414 are provided on the ratchet rod 46; the ratchet 48 can be inserted into the ratchet groove 414 of the ratchet rod 46; when the ratchet rod 46 and the threaded rod 47 slide relative to each other, the ratchet 48 can switch different ratchet grooves 414 for engagement; through the expansion and contraction of the spring 411, the ratchet 48 can be inserted into the ratchet groove 414 or slide out of the ratchet groove 414; when the ratchet 48 slides relative to the ratchet rod 46, it can only slide in one direction and cannot slide in the opposite direction, and stepless locking is achieved through the cooperation of the movable ratchet 48 and the ratchet rod 46.

[0141] Furthermore, if Figure 8 As shown, the first stepless locking device 29 further includes: a threaded sleeve 41 , a first end cover 42 , a second end cover 43 , a support plate 45 , a push rod 49 and a swing rod 410 .

[0142] Furthermore, if Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 , Fig.14 As shown, both upper and lower sides of the ratchet rod 46 are provided with ratchet grooves 414 arranged in an array; the ratchet 48, the push rod 49, the swing rod 410 and the support plate 45 are symmetrically arranged in two groups on the upper and lower sides of the ratchet rod 46, and the ratchet 48 cooperates with the ratchet groove 414. The push rod 49 is symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the ratchet rod 46, and the push rod 49 is provided with cylindrical bosses 417 arranged in an array, and the spring 411 is located between the cylindrical groove 416 and the cylindrical boss 417. The swing rod 410 is centrally symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the ratchet rod 46, and is rotatably mounted on the second end cover 43 and is hingedly connected to the push rod 49.

[0143] Specifically, the threaded rod 47 is sleeved inside the threaded sleeve 41 and is screwed to the threaded sleeve 41 through threads; Fig. 9 , Fig.15 As shown, the outer side of the threaded rod 47 is provided with an external thread; correspondingly, the inner wall of the threaded sleeve 41 is provided with an internal thread; the threaded rod 47 and the threaded sleeve 41 are screwed together through the external thread and the internal thread, and when the two rotate relative to each other, relative movement along the axial direction can occur.

[0144] Specifically, a plurality of pawl holes 419 arranged in a row are provided on the support plate 45; the pawl 48 is slidably installed in the pawl hole 419 of the support plate 45; Fig.12 , Fig.16 shown.

[0145] Specifically, Fig.13 , Fig.18 As shown, the spring 411 is installed between the pawl 48 and the push rod 49 ; the spring 411 can push the pawl 48 to slide in the pawl hole 419 , and can push the push rod 49 to move along the axial direction of the pawl hole 419 .

[0146] like Figure 7 As shown, a first end cover 42 and a second end cover 43 are fixedly mounted on both ends of the threaded sleeve 41 .

[0147] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 As shown, one side of the swing rod 410 is hingedly mounted with the top rod 49, and the other side is rotatably mounted between the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43. Fig.10 , Fig.11 As shown, a rotating shaft 421 is provided at both ends of the swing rod 410, and two cylindrical through holes 420 are provided on the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43; the two swing rods 410 are rotatably installed in the cylindrical through holes 420 of the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 through the rotating shaft 421.

[0148] Specifically, the swing rod 410 is a rectangular plate-shaped structure; the angle between the swing rod 410 and the support plate 45 is an acute angle.

[0149] Specifically, Fig.10 , Fig.12 As shown, the support plate 45 is slidably installed above the threaded rod 47, and the two ends of the support plate 45 are in contact with the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 respectively; the two ends of the support plate 45 are abutted against the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43, and then the displacement of the end cover can push the support plate 45 to slide along the axial direction of the threaded rod 47.

[0150] During implementation, when the push rod 49 is displaced relative to the support plate 45, the rocker rod 410 can push the threaded sleeve 41 to rotate relative to the threaded rod 47; when the threaded sleeve 41 rotates relative to the threaded rod 47, the threaded sleeve 41 can be displaced relative to the threaded rod 47 along the axial direction of the threaded rod 47; when the threaded sleeve 41 is displaced relative to the threaded rod 47, the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 can be simultaneously driven to displace relative to the threaded rod 47; the first end cover 42 and the second end cover 43 can push the support plate 45 and the pawl 48 installed on the support plate 45 to displace along the axial direction of the threaded rod 47; and then the degree of engagement between the pawl 48 and the pawl groove 414 can be adjusted through the displacement of the pawl 48.

[0151] Furthermore, if Figure 7 As shown, the first stepless locking device 29 further includes: a first pull rod 422 and a second pull rod 423; the first pull rod 422 is fixedly connected to the ratchet rod 46; and the threaded rod 47 is fixedly connected to the second pull rod 423. The first pull rod 422 and the second pull rod 423 are used to realize the connection between the stepless locking device and other components.

[0152] Furthermore, if Figure 7 As shown, a cylindrical pin 44 is arranged between the threaded rod 47 and the threaded sleeve 41; the cylindrical pin 44 is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the threaded rod 47; the cylindrical pin 44 can be inserted into the pin holes of the threaded sleeve 41 and the threaded rod 47 at the same time, thereby realizing the position limitation of the threaded sleeve 41 and the threaded rod 47. The outer side of the threaded rod 47 is provided with threads and cylindrical pin holes, and the cylindrical pin 44 cooperates with the cylindrical pin holes of the threaded sleeve 41 and the cylindrical pin holes of the threaded rod 47. By inserting or pulling out the cylindrical pin 44, the threaded sleeve 41 and the threaded rod 47 can be locked and unlocked.

[0153] Furthermore, if Figure 8 , Fig.15 As shown, two symmetrical trapezoidal guide rails 412 are arranged above the threaded rod 47 ; a trapezoidal guide groove 418 is arranged below the support plate 45 ; the support plate 45 is slidably mounted on the trapezoidal guide rails 412 of the threaded rod 47 through the trapezoidal guide groove 418 .

[0154] Furthermore, if Fig.10 , Fig.15 , Fig.17 As shown, the left and right sides of the ratchet rod 46 are provided with triangular guide rails 415, and the threaded rod 47 is a symmetrical structure; the inner side of the threaded rod 47 is provided with a triangular guide groove 413; the ratchet rod 46 cooperates with the triangular guide rails 415 provided on both sides thereof with the triangular guide groove 413 of the threaded rod 47, so that the ratchet rod 46 can slide relative to the threaded rod 47,

[0155] Furthermore, if Fig.13 , Fig.18 As shown, the upper end surface of the pawl 48 is provided with a cylindrical groove 416 along its own axial direction; a plurality of cylindrical bosses 417 are provided on the top rod 49; the cylindrical boss 417 is slidably installed in the cylindrical groove 416; the spring 411 is installed in the cylindrical groove 416 and is arranged between the cylindrical boss 417 and the pawl 48.

[0156] The axial clamping mechanism 2 and the longitudinal clamping mechanism 3 of the present invention cooperate with each other and can simultaneously limit the axial displacement and lateral movement of the long cylindrical part 12, thereby achieving complete clamping of the long cylindrical part 12.

[0157] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this embodiment has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0158] 1. The automatic clamping method of the long cylindrical parts of the present invention realizes the fixation of the long cylindrical parts in the axial and longitudinal directions through the axial clamping mechanism and the longitudinal clamping mechanism. Under the joint action of the axial clamping mechanism and the longitudinal clamping mechanism, the transverse direction of the long cylindrical parts can also be fixed at the same time, thus fully realizing the all-round clamping of the long cylindrical parts.

[0159] 2. The automatic clamping method of long cylindrical parts of the present invention cleverly overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional ratchet locking mechanism that it can only stop and lock at a specific position through a stepless locking mechanism, and realizes the stop and locking at any position, so that the long cylindrical parts can be completely clamped.

[0160] 3. The automatic clamping method of the long cylindrical parts of the present invention makes full use of the gravity of the long cylindrical parts themselves, and realizes the simultaneous downward movement and fixation of the long cylindrical parts in the axial direction through the coordinated action of the connecting rod mechanism. When locking, the spring force is used to realize the automatic locking of the stepless locking device, thereby improving the level of automation.

[0161] 4. The present invention realizes relative displacement of the threaded sleeve 41 and the threaded rod 47 by setting the threaded cooperation between the two. At the same time, the spring 411 promotes the interlocking movement of the push rod 49, the rocker arm 410, the threaded sleeve 41 and the support plate 45 to fine-tune the position of the pawl 48 to ensure that the pawl 48 and the pawl groove 414 are fully engaged, thereby ensuring the locking reliability of the stepless locking device.

[0162] 5. In the present invention, multiple pawls 48 are installed in multiple pawl holes 419 to achieve the engagement of multiple pawls 48 with the ratchet rod 46. At the same time, multiple cylindrical bosses 417 are provided on the top rod 49 to slide with the pawls 48. Through this multiple superimposed redundant locking, the stability of the stepless locking device after locking is ensured.

[0163] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts, characterized in that: A stepless clamping device is used for clamping; the automatic clamping method comprises: Step S1: hoisting the long cylindrical part (12) from above the frame (1) into the frame (1) until the long cylindrical part (12) contacts the V-shaped support plates (21) of the two sets of axial clamping mechanisms (2) below the frame (1); Step S2: the first hydraulic cylinder (22) drives the V-shaped support plate (21) to move downward, and at the same time drives the L-shaped clamping plates (25) of the two sets of axial clamping mechanisms (2) to move closer to each other through the connecting rod mechanism, until the two L-shaped clamping plates (25) are respectively in contact with the two ends of the long cylindrical part (12); Step S3: two sets of longitudinal clamping mechanisms (3) are arranged above the frame (1), and the longitudinal clamping mechanisms (3) are symmetrically provided with two clamping plates (33); the second hydraulic cylinder (31) is started to push the clamping plates (33) hinged to the frame (1) to rotate until the two clamping plates (33) are in contact with the side surfaces of the long cylindrical part (12), thereby completing the clamping; In step S2, the axial clamping method of the long cylindrical part (12) by the axial clamping mechanism (2) comprises: Step S21: during the descending process of the V-shaped support plate (21), the push rod (23) hingedly connected to the V-shaped support plate (21) pushes the push-pull support (28) to slide outward along the second guide plate (27), so that the two symmetrically arranged push-pull supports (28) move away from each other; Step S22: When the two push-pull supports (28) move away from each other, the symmetrically arranged pull rods (24) are driven to rotate relative to the push-pull supports (28); the angle between the pull rods (24) and the second guide plate (27) decreases, and at the same time, the L-shaped clamping plate (25) hingedly connected to the pull rods (24) is pulled to slide along the first guide plate (26); Step S23: the two L-shaped clamping plates (25) in front and behind the long cylindrical part (12) are moved in a direction close to the V-shaped support plate (21), and the two L-shaped clamping plates (25) are moved close to each other until the L-shaped clamping plates (25) touch the long cylindrical part (12), and the movement of the axial clamping mechanism (2) stops; In the step S3, the longitudinal clamping method of the longitudinal clamping mechanism (3) for the long cylindrical part (12) comprises: Step S31: The second hydraulic cylinder (31) hingedly connected to the frame (1) pushes the clamping plate (33) to start rotating relative to the frame (1); Step S32: the second hydraulic cylinder (31) continues to extend, pushing the clamping plate (33) and the longitudinal support beam of the frame (1) to increase the angle between the clamping plate (33), and at the same time the clamping plate (33) moves closer to the long cylindrical part (12); Step S33: After the symmetrically arranged clamping plates (33) are tilted and pressed against the two sides of the long cylindrical part (12), the clamping plates (33) stop moving.

2. The automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, a first stepless locking device (29) is installed between the connecting rod mechanism and the bottom plate of the frame (1). After the L-shaped clamping plate (25) contacts the long cylindrical part (12), the connecting rod mechanism is locked by the first stepless locking device (29), and the positions of the V-shaped support plate (21) and the L-shaped clamping plate (25) are reversely locked.

3. The automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S3, a second stepless locking device (34) is connected between two clamping plates (33) of the same set of longitudinal clamping mechanisms (3); after the clamping plates (33) come into contact with the long cylindrical parts (12), the positions of the two clamping plates (33) are locked by the second stepless locking device (34).

4. The automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S1, the frame (1) is a rectangular parallelepiped frame structure, and long cylindrical parts can enter the interior thereof from above.

5. The automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step S22, the first stepless locking device (29) is connected between the L-shaped clamping plate (25) and the base of the frame (1), and the first stepless locking device (29) is compressed when the L-shaped clamping plate (25) slides along the first guide plate (26).

6. The automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In the step S23, after the L-shaped clamping plate (25) contacts the long cylindrical part (12), the long cylindrical part (12) cannot continue to descend, and the first stepless locking device (29) hingedly connected to the L-shaped clamping plate (25) locks the L-shaped clamping plate (25), so that the L-shaped clamping plates (25) at the front and rear ends of the long cylindrical part (12) cannot move away from each other, and the long cylindrical part (12) is fixed in the axial direction.

7. The automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In the step S33, when the clamping plate (33) contacts the long cylindrical part (12), the angle between the clamping plate (33) and the longitudinal support beam of the frame (1) is an acute angle.

8. The automatic clamping method for long cylindrical parts according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In step S33, the length of the second stepless locking device (34) is locked to lock the clamping plates (33) on both sides of the long cylindrical part (12), so that the long cylindrical part (12) cannot rotate relative to the frame (1). The long cylindrical part (12) is clamped in the longitudinal direction by the clamping plates (33) and cannot move longitudinally.

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