A method for artificial large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for artificially large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale, and relates to the field of insect breeding. The invention comprises the following steps: 1) cultivating myrtle in a greenhouse; 2) releasing Florida wax scale into the myrtle; 3) breeding Florida wax scale; 4) dynamic monitoring of the population; 5) collecting and storing myrtle full of adults. The method of the invention can breed Florida wax scale on a large scale, and can achieve uninterrupted breeding of the Florida wax scale all year round, which can not only meet the needs of experimental research, but more importantly, can use Florida wax scale to artificially breed parasitic or predatory natural enemy insects in large quantities, provide sufficient insect sources for using natural enemy insects to control Florida wax scale, and can bring huge economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of insect breeding, and more particularly to an artificial large-scale breeding method for Florida wax scale. Background Art

[0002] The Florida wax scale, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, is an insect belonging to the genus Ceroplastes of the family Ceroplastidae in the order Hemiptera. It is widely distributed in China and harms more than 100 species of plants, most of which are fruit trees and garden plants. Such as: tea, citrus, guava, apple, persimmon, jujube, pear, peach, apricot, mango, loquat, cinnamon, etc. In areas where fruit trees are mixed, Japanese wax scale can spread to each other, which also brings considerable difficulty to complete prevention and control. The Florida wax scale has a fast reproduction rate and a large number of reproductions. It starts to feed in March and April. At the same time, its excrement can also induce the occurrence of soot disease, causing the plants to be densely covered with black mold, directly affecting photosynthesis and causing poor plant growth.

[0003] Morphological characteristics of Florida wax scale: newly hatched nymphs, also called crawling nymphs, crawl out from the gap under the wax shell after hatching, and swarm to the leaves or tender branches to fix themselves. The wandering time is generally only a few hours to more than a day. The wax begins to secrete on the second day after fixation, and two lines of wax appear on the back of the body. The next day, with the appearance of the central wax protuberance, the body periphery also begins to secrete wax protuberances. About 3 or 4 days after the crawling nymph is fixed, the periphery of the body appears star-shaped wax protuberances, and the first-instar nymph is basically covered with wax. Later, as the nymphs of each instar molt, the wax layer gradually thickens. The first-instar nymphs mostly fix and parasitize on leaves, and fewer on tender branches. Among them, the number on the leaf surface is the largest, and they are often arranged in sequence along the leaf veins. After fixation, the nymphs do not crawl, but when they reach the old age, they migrate to tender branches in large numbers to fix and parasitize again. In the adult stage, the insect population density on the branches is much higher than that on the leaves, and is densely distributed. The old wax shells after laying eggs still adhere to the branches and leaves for a long time. The individuals of the new and old generations are densely packed on the branches, which, together with inducing sooty disease, seriously affects the growth of the plants.

[0004] Chemical pesticides are the main method for controlling Florida wax scale, but the body of Florida wax scale is covered with a thick layer of wax, which protects the insect body. Chemical agents are not easy to contact the insect body through the wax layer, achieving an ideal control effect. Compared with chemical pesticides, using natural enemy insects to control Florida wax scale has the advantages of reducing pollution, protecting biodiversity, and protecting the environment. The natural enemies of Florida wax scale are mainly parasitic natural enemies, including wax scale spotted wing aphid wasps, Hawaiian soft scale aphid wasps, wax scale flat horn jumping wasps, yellow flower wing jumping wasps, wax scale jumping wasps, long shield golden wasps, and wax scale gnawing wasps. In addition, artificial large-scale breeding of natural enemies including Harmonia axyridis, Red-spotted Ladybird Beetle and Mongolian Ladybird Beetle is a prerequisite for biological control of Florida wax scale. The first priority is to be able to provide a large number of Florida wax scale, which is one of the effective and key ways to achieve sustainable control of Florida wax scale. There are no reports on large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale in the existing technology.

[0005] Therefore, providing a method for artificial large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale is a problem that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for artificial large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for artificial large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale comprises the following steps:

[0009] 1) Cultivating myrtle in a greenhouse;

[0010] 2) Release Florida wax scale insects into the myrtle trees at a density of 400 to 600 insects per plant; water the myrtle trees once a day to keep the soil moist;

[0011] 3) The rearing conditions of the Florida wax scale in the insect glass greenhouse adopt the day and night temperature difference method, with the temperature during the light cycle at 27±1℃, the temperature during the dark cycle at 25±1℃, the relative humidity at 70% to 85%, the light period at 12 hours, and the light intensity at 3000 to 5000 Lux;

[0012] 4) Investigate the density of Florida wax scale in the greenhouse every 5 to 7 days to monitor the population dynamics;

[0013] 5) After 80 to 90 days of releasing the Florida wax scale, when the number of adult insects increases significantly, collect the myrtle trees full of adult insects and store them.

[0014] Further, the method for cultivating the myrtle in step 1) comprises the following steps:

[0015] (1) In a cutting glass greenhouse, cut 5-7 cm long lignified branches of myrtle, leaving only the top two leaves, and insert them into a cutting culture tray filled with cutting medium. The specifications of the cutting culture tray are 50 cm × 48 cm × 20 cm.

[0016] (2) shading the cutting medium in which the branches are inserted in step (1), covering it with soil, and spraying it with water; conventional water management is performed to keep the soil moist until the cuttings of the myrtle take root;

[0017] (3) Transplanting the rooted myrtle into a planting culture tray filled with culture medium, the planting culture tray has a size of 50 cm × 48 cm × 30 cm, and transferring it to a myrtle culture glasshouse for cultivation. Conventional water management is performed to keep the soil moist, and flower fertilizer is applied once every 15 days.

[0018] (4) When the myrtle trees grow to 35 to 50 cm and the stem diameter reaches more than 3 cm, the planting culture trays of the myrtle trees are transferred to an insect glass greenhouse for the release of Florida wax scale crawlers.

[0019] Furthermore, the lignified branches of the myrtle in step (1) are soaked in a 0.25-0.40 wt % rooting agent solution for 12-16 hours before being cut; the rooting agent is a commercially available growth regulator, the main component of which is indoleacetic acid;

[0020] The conditions of the cutting glass greenhouse are as follows: temperature 20-25°C, relative humidity 80%-90%, light intensity 2500-3000 Lux, and 8 hours of illumination.

[0021] The cutting medium includes yellow sand, plant ash and perlite, and the volume ratio of the yellow sand: plant ash: perlite is 5-6:1-2:1-2;

[0022] The culture glass greenhouse conditions in step (3) are as follows: temperature 25-28° C., relative humidity 70%-85%, illumination for 12 hours, and illumination intensity 3000-5000 Lux;

[0023] The culture medium comprises garden soil, leaf humus, rice husk ash and coarse sand, and the volume ratio of the garden soil:leaf humus: rice husk ash:coarse sand is 4-5:1-2:1-2:1-2.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (4), before releasing the Florida wax scale, the myrtle wood is disinfected by fumigating it with 25 gm-3 of methyl bromide at 22°C for 6 hours.

[0025] Furthermore, the cutting medium and the culture medium need to be disinfected before being used to plant myrtle.

[0026] Disinfection: Use formalin disinfection method, use 200 to 300 ml of formalin (40% formaldehyde), add 25-30 kg of water, spray on 1000 kg of culture medium, mix well and pile up, cover the pile with plastic film, and keep the pile stuffy for 48-72 hours; uncover the plastic film, after 1-2 weeks, loosen the culture medium, and use it after the medicinal smell in the culture medium is dissipated.

[0027] Furthermore, the method of releasing the Florida wax scale in step 2) is to wrap a paper strip around the myrtle wood covered with adults after the Florida wax scale becomes an adult, collect the Florida wax scale reptiles using the paper strip during the peak hatching period of the Florida wax scale reptiles, and place the paper strip covered with the Florida wax scale reptiles on the disinfected myrtle wood, and raise the insects in a glass greenhouse;

[0028] Each myrtle tree is inoculated with 400 to 600 creepers. After the creepers are fixed on the branches and leaves, the inoculated myrtle trees are placed on insect breeding racks and watered and fertilized on time until the egg-laying period of the female adults of the Florida wax scale is over; the whole period lasts 85 days.

[0029] Furthermore, the storage method in step 5) is: collecting the myrtle wood infested with adult Florida wax scale insects, storing the myrtle wood in an artificial climate box with a temperature of 15±1°C, a relative humidity of 70% to 85%, and a light intensity of 10L:14D, and the storage period is within 60 to 90 days.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 5), after the female insect begins to lay eggs, the ventral side of the scale body gradually becomes deeply concave toward the dorsal side, and an egg cavity is formed under the wax shell, in which the eggs are laid. The eggs are orange in color and store the late-stage female adults that are pregnant with eggs.

[0031] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] The artificial breeding method of the Florida wax scale of the present invention is simple and easy to master, especially it is convenient for the Florida wax scale to grow in a relatively consistent state, even if the breeding personnel do not need relevant professional knowledge, they can learn it in a short time; the insect breeding rack is used for layered breeding, which occupies less space and has lower breeding cost;

[0033] The method of the present invention can be used to reproduce the Florida wax scale on a large scale, and can realize the uninterrupted reproduction of the Florida wax scale all year round, which can not only meet the needs of experimental research, but more importantly, can use the Florida wax scale to artificially raise a large number of parasitic or predatory natural enemy insects, thereby providing sufficient insect sources for using natural enemy insects to control the Florida wax scale, and can bring huge economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Large-scale artificial breeding of Florida wax scale:

[0037] (1) Basic facilities

[0038] Glass greenhouse: Specifications: 15m×8m(120m 2 ); The greenhouse roof is made of sun panels and retractable sunshade nets, equipped with 4 1.5-horsepower air conditioners, and the glass greenhouse is divided into 4 independent rooms by glass and vacuum panels, one as a medium processing room, one as a myrtle cutting room (cutting glass greenhouse), and two as myrtle planting rooms (cultivation glass greenhouse);

[0039] Insect greenhouse: The area depends on the breeding scale, generally 25 to 40 m 2 , stainless steel screens are installed on the windows, and an exhaust fan is installed for ventilation and a 1.5HP (25m2) or 3HP (40m2) air conditioner is installed to control the temperature in the insect breeding room; the humidity is controlled by YADU SZK~J360WiFi purification type intelligent humidifier, and the opening and closing time of the insect breeding rack is controlled by Zhuoyi ZYT16G microcomputer time control switch;

[0040] Preservation of Florida wax scale adults in the late egg-pregnant stage: Preservation in MGC-800HP-2 artificial climate chambers, climate chamber conditions, 15±1℃, relative humidity 70%-85%, light 10L:14D artificial climate chamber conditions. The number of artificial climate chambers is determined according to the number of late egg-pregnant wax scale adults that need to be preserved.

[0041] Insect breeding racks: Several 120cm×50cm×210cm insect breeding racks, each rack is divided into 3 layers, each layer is padded with a thick tempered transparent glass at the bottom, and 6 36W LED fluorescent lamps are installed on the top; 80-mesh gauze is installed around the insect breeding rack, and the other side is a sliding sand door. In addition, each layer is separated into two areas by 80-mesh gauze. A manual switch is installed on each layer of fluorescent lamps on each insect breeding rack;

[0042] (2) Suitable conditions for breeding wax scale in Florida

[0043] Temperature, humidity and light conditions in the insect glass greenhouse: adopt the day and night temperature difference method, the temperature during the light cycle is 27±1℃, the temperature during the dark cycle is 25±1℃, the relative humidity is 70%~85%, the light is 12 hours, and the light intensity is 3000~5000Lux;

[0044] Host conditions: Myrtle seedlings 35-50cm tall with stem diameters of more than 3cm;

[0045] The appropriate number of insects to be raised on a single myrtle seedling is about 500 crawlers;

[0046] (3) Preparation of the Florida wax scale insect source

[0047] The insect sources for the first breeding can be collected from the host plants of Florida wax scale, such as cinnamon, citrus, and mango. The insect sources for the subsequent breeding can be preserved in the climate chamber method of Florida wax scale adults in the egg-carrying stage.

[0048] (4) Standardized cultivation of host myrtle seedlings

[0049] The drugs, fertilizers and plant regulators required for the cultivation of myrtle seedlings are: seedling compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium ratio is about 12:12:12); farmland soil; leaf humus; rice husk ash; yellow sand; plant ash; perlite; formalin; methyl bromide; rooting powder; the above substances are available on the market, and the brand and manufacturer can be selected according to the actual local conditions;

[0050] The temperature, humidity and light conditions in the cutting glass greenhouse are 20-25°C, 80%-90% relative humidity, 8 hours of light, and 2500-3000 Lux of light intensity; the cutting culture tray is 50cm×48cm×20cm;

[0051] Cutting: Cut 5-7cm of lignified branches of myrtle, leaving only 2 leaves on the top, soak the base with rooting powder for 1-2 hours, and then insert it into the cutting medium; the volume ratio of yellow sand: plant ash: perlite is 5-6:1-2:1-2; before using the cutting medium, use formalin to disinfect the culture soil as a whole (200 to 300 ml of formalin (40% formaldehyde), add 25 to 30 kg of water, spray on 1000 kg of culture soil, mix well and pile up, cover the pile with plastic film and other materials, and keep the pile stuffy for 48 to 72 hours to achieve a thorough sterilization effect.); After cutting, water thoroughly, cover with mulch, put in the cutting room, shade with a shade net at noon, pay attention to regular watering (about 3-4 days) to keep it moist. Cutting will take root about 1 month after cutting.

[0052] The temperature, humidity and light conditions in the glass greenhouse are 25-28°C, 70%-85% relative humidity, 12 hours of light, and 3000-5000 Lux of light intensity. The planting culture tray is 50 cm × 48 cm × 30 cm.

[0053] Transplantation and cultivation of cutting seedlings: after the cutting branches take root, the rooted seedlings are moved into a planting culture tray filled with culture medium; the culture medium comprises garden soil, leaf humus, rice husk ash and coarse sand, and the volume ratio of garden soil: leaf humus: rice husk ash: coarse sand is 4-5:1-2:1-2:1-2; the culture medium needs to be disinfected before use, and the method is the same as the disinfection of the cutting medium; watering is performed every day, and flower fertilizer is applied once every 15 days; when the myrtle wood grows to 35-50 cm, it is used to inoculate Florida wax scale crawlers;

[0054] Myrtle disinfection, using methyl bromide 25gm at 22℃ -3 Fumigation lasts for 6 hours to ensure that there is no pest damage on the methyl bromide.

[0055] (5) Rearing of Florida wax scale

[0056] The diurnal temperature difference method was adopted, with the temperature during the light cycle at 27±1℃, the temperature during the dark cycle at 25±1℃, the relative humidity at 70% to 85%, the light duration at 12 hours, and the light intensity at 3000 to 5000 Lux;

[0057] Wrap paper strips around the myrtle wood of mature Florida wax scale, collect the reptiles using the paper strips when the reptiles are hatching, attach the paper strips covered with reptiles to the disinfected myrtle wood, and place them in a glass greenhouse under conditions 1) for breeding;

[0058] Each myrtle tree is inoculated with 400 to 600 creepers. After the creepers are fixed on the branches and leaves, the inoculated myrtle tree is placed on the insect rack and watered and fertilized on time until the egg-carrying period of the female adult Florida wax scale ends (the entire period is 85 days);

[0059] After the female insect begins to lay eggs, the ventral surface of the scale body gradually becomes deeply concave toward the dorsal surface, and an egg cavity appears under the wax shell, in which the eggs are laid, and they are orange in color.

[0060] (6) Annual production of wax scale in Florida

[0061] 20m 2 The insect room can hold 12 insect racks, and each rack can hold 4 50cm×35cm×15cm white plastic pots, that is, each insect rack can hold 8 such plastic pots. If the breeding is carried out according to this set of technical specifications, each insect room can produce leaf beetles per generation: 100 pots / insect rack × 12 insect racks × (400-600 heads) / plant = 480,000 to 720,000 heads;

[0062] At 25℃, the egg-laying period of the Florida wax scale adult is as long as 35 days. Since it reproduces parthenogenetically on the myrtle, each female can lay about 800 eggs, and each generation is about 80 days, so there can be 4 generations per year. Therefore, a single insect room can produce 1.92 million to 2.88 million leaf beetles per year. If there are 10 such insect rooms (i.e. 200m 2 of insect rearing space), with an annual output of 19.2 to 28.8 million heads;

[0063] (7) Preservation of adult Florida wax scale in the late egg stage

[0064] Seed preservation method: Place the adult Florida wax scale insects in the late egg-incubating stage on myrtle wood at a temperature of 15±1°C, a relative humidity of 70% to 85%, and a light intensity of 10L:14D for a storage period of 60 to 90 days.

[0065] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for artificial large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Cultivating myrtle in a greenhouse; 2) Release Florida wax scale insects into the myrtle trees at a density of 400 to 600 insects per plant; water the myrtle trees once a day to keep the soil moist; The method for releasing Florida wax scale is as follows: after the Florida wax scale becomes an adult, a paper strip is wrapped around a myrtle full of adults, the Florida wax scale reptiles are collected using the paper strip during the peak hatching period of the Florida wax scale reptiles, the paper strip full of Florida wax scale reptiles is placed on a disinfected myrtle, and the insects are raised in a glass greenhouse; Each myrtle tree is inoculated with 400 to 600 creepers. After the creepers are fixed on the branches and leaves, the inoculated myrtle tree is placed on the insect raising rack and watered and fertilized on time until the egg-carrying period of the female adult Florida wax scale ends. The whole period lasts 85 days. 3) The rearing conditions of the Florida wax scale in the insect glass greenhouse adopt the day and night temperature difference method, with the temperature during the light cycle at 27±1℃, the temperature during the dark cycle at 25±1℃, the relative humidity at 70% to 85%, the light period at 12 hours, and the light intensity at 3000 to 5000Lux; 4) Every 5 to 7 days, investigate the density of Florida wax scale in the greenhouse and monitor the population dynamics; 5) After 80 to 90 days of releasing Florida wax scale, when the number of adults increases significantly, collect the myrtle trees full of adults and store them; The storage method comprises the following steps: collecting the myrtle wood covered with adult Florida wax scale insects, storing the myrtle wood in an artificial climate box with a temperature of 15±1°C, a relative humidity of 70% to 85%, and a light intensity of 10L:14D, and the storage period is within 60 to 90 days.

2. The method for artificial large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) The method for cultivating myrtle comprises the following steps: (1) In a cutting glass greenhouse, cut 5-7 cm long lignified branches of myrtle, leaving only the top two leaves, and insert them into a cutting culture tray filled with cutting medium. The specifications of the cutting culture tray are 50 cm × 48 cm × 20 cm. (2) Shade the cutting medium into which the branches were inserted in step (1), cover it with soil, and spray it with water; perform conventional water management to keep the soil moist until the cuttings of the myrtle take root; (3) Transplant the rooted myrtle into a planting tray filled with culture medium. The size of the planting tray is 50 cm × 48 cm × 30 cm. Then transfer it to a myrtle culture glass greenhouse for cultivation. Routine water management is performed to keep the soil moist. Flower fertilizer is applied once every 15 days. (4) When the myrtle trees grow to 35 to 50 cm and the stem diameter is more than 3 cm, transfer the planting trays of the myrtle trees to the insect glass greenhouse for the release of Florida wax scale crawlers.

3. The method for artificial large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step (1) the lignified branches of the myrtle are soaked in a 0.25-0.40 wt% rooting agent solution for 12-16 hours before being cut; the rooting agent is a commercially available growth regulator, the main component of which is indoleacetic acid; The conditions of the cutting glass greenhouse are as follows: temperature 20-25°C, relative humidity 80%-90%, light intensity 2500-3000 Lux, and 8 hours of illumination. The cutting medium includes yellow sand, plant ash and perlite, and the volume ratio of the yellow sand: plant ash: perlite is 5-6:1-2:1-2; The culture glass greenhouse conditions in step (3) are as follows: temperature 25-28°C, relative humidity 70%-85%, light exposure 12 hours, and light intensity 3000-5000 Lux; The culture medium comprises garden soil, leaf humus, rice husk ash and coarse sand, and the volume ratio of the garden soil:leaf humus: rice husk ash:coarse sand is 4-5:1-2:1-2:1-2.

4. The method for artificial large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step (4) Before placing the Florida wax scale, disinfect the myrtle wood using 25 gm of methyl bromide at 22°C. -3 Fumigation for 6 hours.

5. The method for artificial large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutting medium and the culture medium need to be disinfected before being used to plant myrtle. For disinfection, use the formalin disinfection method, use 200 to 300 ml of formalin containing 40% formaldehyde, add 25 to 30 kg of water, spray it on 1000 kg of culture medium, mix well and pile it up, cover the pile with plastic film, and keep it stuffy for 48 to 72 hours; remove the plastic film, loosen the culture medium after 1 to 2 weeks, and use it after the medicinal smell in the culture medium dissipates.

6. The method for artificial large-scale breeding of Florida wax scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 5) After the female insect begins to lay eggs, the ventral side of the scale body gradually becomes deeply concave toward the dorsal side, and an egg cavity appears under the wax shell. The eggs are laid in it and are orange in color, storing the late-stage female adults that are pregnant with eggs.