Brain surgery dilator

Abstract

The application discloses a brain operation dilator which comprises a main body conduit and a driving mechanism arranged on the side of the main body conduit; the main body conduit comprises a shell and a plurality of supporting rods, the middle part of each supporting rod is rotationally connected with the shell, the two ends of each supporting rod at the rotation point are respectively a dilating end and an adjusting end, the same elastic tube is sleeved on the positions of the dilating ends of the plurality of supporting rods, the end of the shell away from the elastic tube is provided with a rotating disc, a plurality of arc-shaped holes are penetrated through one side of the rotating disc, the end of each supporting rod penetrating through the adjusting hole is matched with the arc-shaped hole, and the distances from the two ends of each arc-shaped hole to the axis of the rotating disc are different; when the driving mechanism drives the rotating disc to rotate, the rotating disc drives the adjusting end of the plurality of supporting rods to change the radial displacement, so that the dilating end of the plurality of supporting rods swings to drive the elastic tube to dilate. The application has the advantages and effects that the safety and accuracy in the brain operation process can be improved, and the brain operation dilator is suitable for the micro-operation technology of neurosurgery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a brain surgical expander. Background Technology

[0002] Craniotomy is not a specific type of surgery, but rather refers to all surgeries that require opening the cranial cavity. A typical craniotomy involves cutting open the skull and dura mater, and then performing surgical procedures on the surface of the brain tissue or even inside the brain parenchyma. Furthermore, with the development of neurosurgical microsurgical techniques, the design of some surgical incisions and approaches has become more refined and flexible. This means that surgical procedures can be performed through smaller bone windows or even bone openings without requiring extensive craniotomies.

[0003] During brain lesion resection surgery, traction devices are often needed to obtain a clear and stable field of vision, thereby fully exposing the lesion. Currently, commonly used traction devices include metal brain depressors, but their continuous traction often leads to uneven stress on the brain tissue, causing local bleeding or contusions. In addition, expandable brain tissue expanders are also available on the market.

[0004] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the expandable brain tissue expander includes a housing 3, on which a plurality of support rods 4 are rotatably connected. These support rods 4 have a first position in a retracted state and a second position in an expanded state. Each support rod 4 has a guide slope 6 at its upper end. An adjusting sleeve 34 is threaded onto the housing 3, and the inner side of the adjusting sleeve 34 abuts against the guide slope 6 on each of the support rods 4. In use, by rotating the adjusting sleeve 34, it moves axially towards the guide slope 6, applying force to the guide slope 6 on each support rod 4. This causes the upper ends of the support rods 4 to move closer together. At this time, the ends of the support rods 4 furthest from the guide slope 6 change from the first position to the second position, i.e., from the retracted state to the expanded state.

[0005] like Figure 1 As shown, when several support rods are in the first position where they are retracted, the contact position between the adjusting sleeve and the guide slope, and the distance between the adjusting sleeve and the rotation point of the support rod, is L1.

[0006] like Figure 2 As shown, when several support rods are in the second position in an expanded state, the contact position between the adjusting sleeve and the guide slope, and the distance from the rotation point of the support rod, is L2. At this time, L1 < L2, that is, the power arm represented by L1 is smaller than the power arm represented by L2.

[0007] According to the lever principle, the two torques (the product of force and lever arm) acting on a lever must be equal in magnitude, i.e., effort × effort arm = resistance × resistance arm. Assuming the expansion torque acting on the patient's head is constant (L1 < L2), this means that the existing technology requires a large force to overcome the force at the moment the support rods transition from a retracted to an expanded state, resulting in laborious adjustment. Furthermore, when the adjusting sleeve 34 moves the same amount of displacement, the degree to which the support rods rotate around the pivot point varies. That is, the expansion degree of the support rods is large at the beginning of the adjustment, but decreases thereafter, which is inconvenient for operation. This adjustment method is non-linear.

[0008] Furthermore, considering the higher precision and safety requirements of brain surgery, the strain on the expander, which requires considerable effort to adjust, can easily lead to hand wobbling if the adjustment force is not properly controlled. This could cause the insert of the expander to move slightly within the patient's brain, posing a safety hazard. Additionally, it is not suitable for microsurgical procedures in neurosurgery and therefore requires improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a brain surgery expander that improves the safety and precision of brain surgery through labor-saving adjustment and is suitable for neurosurgical micromanipulation techniques.

[0010] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a brain surgical dilator, comprising a main conduit and a drive mechanism located on the side of the main conduit;

[0011] The main conduit includes a shell and several support rods. The middle of each support rod is rotatably connected to the shell. Each support rod has an expansion end and an adjustment end at the two ends of the rotation point. The same elastic tube is sleeved on the expansion end of several support rods. A surgical channel is provided through one side of the shell and is connected to the elastic tube. A first annular groove is provided at the end of the shell away from the elastic tube. The first annular groove and the surgical channel are independently provided. Several adjustment holes are provided on the bottom wall of the first annular groove. The length direction of each adjustment hole is adapted to the radial direction of the first annular groove. The adjustment end of each support rod can pass through an adjustment hole and move in the length direction of the adjustment hole.

[0012] A turntable is provided in the first annular groove. Several arc-shaped holes are passed through one side of the turntable. One end of each support rod passes through the adjustment hole and engages with the arc-shaped hole. The distances from the two ends of each arc-shaped hole to the axis of the turntable are not equal.

[0013] When the drive mechanism drives the turntable to rotate, the turntable pushes the adjusting ends of several support rods to undergo radial displacement changes, causing the expansion ends of the several support rods to swing and drive the elastic tube to expand.

[0014] Furthermore, the two ends of the elastic tube are a small end and a large end, respectively. An anti-slip flange is provided on the inner side of the large end of the elastic tube. A first annular groove is provided on the outer side of the shell. A second annular groove that mates with the anti-slip flange is provided at the bottom of the first annular groove. The large end of the elastic tube is sleeved on the outside of the shell and covers the second annular groove. A fixing ring is provided at the first annular groove to fasten the large end of the elastic tube to the shell.

[0015] The small end of the elastic tube is provided with six clearance holes, which are used to insert the ends of six support rods and fix them by winding.

[0016] Furthermore, the method for winding the small end of the elastic tube with the ends of several support rods includes the following steps:

[0017] 1) Inward inversion of the elastic tube: The inner wall of the elastic tube faces outward and the outer wall faces inward, with the outer wall forming an inward-facing cavity;

[0018] 2) Insert the support rods into the clearance holes: Insert the ends of the six support rods into the inverted cavity and the six clearance holes in step 1) in sequence, so that the ends of the six support rods pass through the six clearance holes and are outside the inner wall of the elastic tube, thus serving as the winding points;

[0019] 3) The elastic tube is flipped inward again around the winding point: The large end of the elastic tube is grasped by the human hand and driven to flip inward again around the winding point in step 2) towards the shell. At this time, the elastic tube is gradually fitted on the outside of several support rods and the anti-slip flange on the large end of the elastic tube is inserted into the second annular groove on the shell.

[0020] 4) The large end of the elastic tube is fastened to the housing: The large end of the elastic tube is fastened to the housing by a retaining ring, at which time the retaining ring cooperates with the first annular groove.

[0021] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This application involves only one force that causes radial displacement of several support rods, and the force applied by the turntable to the support rods remains constant, so the length of the power arm does not change. Therefore, at the moment of initiation when several support rods change from a retracted state to an expanded state, no large force is required to overcome this, resulting in a labor-saving effect. According to the lever principle: with a constant force application end and a constant support point, an approximately constant torque is output. Therefore, the expanding end of the support rod obtains a stable, continuous, and constant effective force during the opening or closing process.

[0022] When medical staff use the expander described in this application during brain surgery, their hands will not wobble due to excessive force during adjustment. Furthermore, the stability of the expansion will not be affected by changes in hand strength, thus improving the safety and precision of brain surgery and making it suitable for neurosurgical micromanipulation techniques. In addition, the adjustment method of the support rod adjustment end of this invention is approximately linear, making operation easier. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing expander in a retracted state;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an existing expander in an expanded state;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure after removing the elastic tube;

[0027] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of a local structure;

[0028] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Explosion-proof diagram of the structure;

[0029] Figure 7 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the main conduit after removing the shell cover plate;

[0030] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Explosion-proof diagram of the structure;

[0031] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Exploded view of the structure after removing the turntable;

[0032] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the limiting block in another direction;

[0033] Figure 11 yes Figure 9 Top view after removing the limit block;

[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an elastic tube;

[0035] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of step 2) in the method of winding an elastic tube with several support rods;

[0036] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of step 3) in the method of winding the elastic tube with several support rods.

[0037] Reference numerals: 1. Main catheter; 2. Drive mechanism; 3. Housing; 4. Support rod; 5. Elastic tube; 6. Guide slope; 7. Surgical channel; 8. First annular groove; 9. Adjustment hole; 10. Turntable; 11. Arc-shaped hole; 12. Worm gear; 13. External tooth; 14. Handwheel; 15. Puncture tool; 16. Connecting rod; 17. Baffle; 18. Guide plug; 19. Limiting plane; 20. Supporting rib; 21. Handle; 22. Observation hole; 23. Rotating shaft; 24. Second annular groove; 25. Notch; 26. Semi-arc groove; 27. Limiting block; 28. Limiting groove; 29. ​​Reinforcing rib; 30. Limiting contact surface; 31. Anti-slip flange; 32. First annular groove; 33. Second annular groove; 34. Adjusting sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] like Figure 3-14 As shown, a brain surgical dilator includes a main conduit 1 and a drive mechanism 2 located on the side of the main conduit 1.

[0041] The main conduit 1 includes a shell 3 and several support rods 4. The middle of each support rod 4 is rotatably connected to the shell 3. Each support rod 4 has an expansion end and an adjustment end at its two ends of the rotation point. The several support rods 4 are fitted with the same elastic tube 5 at the expansion end. A surgical channel 7 is provided through one side of the shell 3, and the surgical channel 7 is connected to the elastic tube 5. A first annular groove 8 is provided at the end of the shell 3 away from the elastic tube 5. The first annular groove 8 and the surgical channel 7 are independently provided. Several adjustment holes 9 are opened on the bottom wall of the first annular groove 8. The length direction of each adjustment hole 9 is adapted to the radial direction of the first annular groove 8. The adjustment end of each support rod 4 can pass through an adjustment hole 9 and move along the length direction of the adjustment hole 9.

[0042] A turntable 10 is provided in the first annular groove 8. Several arc-shaped holes 11 are passed through one side of the turntable 10. One end of each support rod 4 passes through the adjustment hole 9 and engages with the arc-shaped hole 11. The distances from the two ends of each arc-shaped hole 11 to the axis of the turntable 10 are not equal.

[0043] When the drive mechanism 2 drives the turntable 10 to rotate, the turntable 10 pushes the adjusting ends of several support rods 4 to undergo radial displacement, causing the expansion ends of the support rods 4 to swing and drive the elastic tube 5 to expand. This achieves the purpose of expanding the field of vision and exposing the lesion.

[0044] Compared to existing expanders, this application only involves a single force that causes radial displacement of several support rods 4, and the force applied by the turntable 10 to the support rods 4 remains constant, so the length of the power arm does not change. Therefore, at the moment of activation when the support rods 4 change from a retracted state to an expanded state, a large force is not required to overcome the change, resulting in a labor-saving effect. According to the lever principle: with a constant force application end and a constant support point, an approximately constant torque is output. Therefore, the expanding end of the support rods 4 obtains a stable, continuous, and constant effective force during opening or closing. Furthermore, the adjustment method of the support rod adjustment end in this invention is approximately linear, making operation easier.

[0045] When medical staff use the expander described in this application during brain surgery, their hands will not wobble due to excessive force during adjustment. Furthermore, the stability of the expansion will not be affected by changes in hand strength, thus improving the safety and precision of brain surgery and making it suitable for neurosurgical micromanipulation techniques.

[0046] Furthermore, the drive mechanism 2 includes a worm gear 12 located on the side of the housing 3, and the outer periphery of the turntable 10 is provided with external teeth 13 that mesh with the worm gear 12. One end of the worm gear 12 is provided with a handwheel 14 that can drive the worm gear 12 to rotate.

[0047] The drive mechanism 2 selected in this application has a self-locking characteristic, meaning that the worm gear 12 can easily rotate the turntable 10 with external teeth 13, while the turntable 10 with external teeth 13 cannot rotate the worm gear 12. This is a basic principle in the field of mechanics and will not be elaborated further here. Using the drive mechanism 2 of this application, once the medical staff releases the handwheel 14, several support rods 4 will maintain a corresponding state, such as maintaining an expanded or contracted state. Furthermore, the force applied during the rotation of the drive turntable 10 is balanced, without producing a jerky feeling.

[0048] In use, simply rotating the handwheel 14 will drive the turntable 10 with external teeth 13 to rotate via the worm gear 12. This causes the adjusting end of the support rod 4 to move from one end of the arc-shaped hole 11 to the other. Since the distances from the two ends of each arc-shaped hole 11 to the axis of the turntable 10 are unequal, the distance between the adjusting end of each support rod 4 and the axis of the turntable 10 changes during the rotation of the turntable 10, thus achieving radial adjustment. When the distance between the adjusting end of each support rod 4 and the axis of the turntable 10 decreases, the expanding end of each support rod 4 expands outward. Ultimately, this causes the elastic tube 5 to expand.

[0049] It should be noted that since both sides of each support rod 4 are in contact with and limited by the inner wall of the adjustment hole 9, the rotation of the turntable 10 can only drive the adjustment end of each support rod 4 to move along the length direction of the adjustment hole 9.

[0050] Furthermore, each arc-shaped hole 11 has a high point and a low point at its two ends, with a radius difference of 0.3-5mm between the high point and the low point, and an angle of 25-50 degrees between the high point and the low point. More preferably, the radius difference between the high point and the low point is 0.5-3mm, and the angle between the high point and the low point is 30-45 degrees.

[0051] The high point is defined as the end of each arc-shaped hole 11 that is furthest from the axis of the turntable 10.

[0052] The low point is defined as the end of each arc-shaped hole 11 that is closest to the axis of the turntable 10.

[0053] The aforementioned settings for the high and low points are designed to achieve an appropriate opening angle for the expansion end of each support rod 4. This avoids opening too small, which would fail to open the passage, and also avoids opening too large, which could damage the patient's brain tissue.

[0054] Furthermore, the adjusting end of the support rod 4 in this application moves between the high and low points of the arc-shaped hole 11, which also means that the rotation range of the turntable 10 is only 25-50 degrees. Within this range, fine adjustments are made through the worm gear 12 and handwheel 14 structure to meet the needs of neurosurgical microsurgery.

[0055] Furthermore, when the adjusting end of the support rod 4 is at its highest point within the arc-shaped hole 11, the support rod 4 is in its first position, at which point the internal channel of the elastic tube 5 is in its minimum state.

[0056] When one end of the support rod 4 is at its lowest point within the arc-shaped hole 11, the support rod 4 is in the second position, at which point the internal channel of the elastic tube 5 is at its maximum.

[0057] Furthermore, it also includes a puncture device 15, with the main catheter 1 sleeved on the outside of the puncture device 15;

[0058] The trocar 15 includes a connecting rod 16 that mates with the surgical channel 7. One end of the connecting rod 16 is provided with a baffle 17 outside the housing 3, and one side of the baffle 17 abuts against the end of the housing 3. The other end of the connecting rod 16 is fixedly connected to a guide plug 18, and the guide plug 18 is provided with a limiting plane 19 on the side facing the housing 3. A plurality of the support rods 4 are arranged around the outer periphery of the connecting rod 16.

[0059] When the support rods 4 are in the first position in a retracted state, the projection of the end of each support rod 4 away from the housing 3 falls entirely or partially on the limiting plane 19 of the guide plug 18 (see...). Figure 4 ).

[0060] When several support rods 4 change from the first position to the second position, the elastic tube 5 expands away from the puncture device 15, and the main catheter 1 and the puncture device 15 are unlocked.

[0061] The expander of this application mainly consists of two parts: a puncture device 15 and a main catheter 1. These two parts are inserted as a single unit when inserted into the lesion area. The puncture device 15 serves as a pathway probe; its guide plug 18 at its end helps the entire expander to be smoothly inserted into the lesion area. Secondly, the main catheter 1 is used to retract the brain tissue after insertion into the lesion area, thus achieving expansion.

[0062] Based on the above process, in order to facilitate the simultaneous insertion of the main catheter 1 during the insertion of the trocar 15 into the lesion, this application incorporates several support rods 4, each with its end concealed or partially concealed at the limiting plane 19 of the guide plug 18 in its retracted state. This serves two purposes: firstly, to reduce the resistance of the support rods 4 during insertion into the lesion; and secondly, to limit the limiting plane 19 of the guide plug 18 by the ends of the support rods 4, preventing the trocar 15 from retracting under external force, thereby preventing separation or relative sliding between the trocar 15 and the main catheter 1. This ensures safety, stability, and reliability during use. When the support rods 4 change from the first position to the second position, the elastic tube 5 expands away from the trocar 15, unlocking the main catheter 1 and the trocar 15. At this point, the ends of the support rods 4 no longer limit the limiting plane 19 of the guide plug 18, allowing for separation between the main catheter 1 and the trocar 15. Medical staff can then easily and effortlessly remove the trocar 15 without having to overcome other frictional forces (such as the friction between the trocar 15 and brain tissue, or the friction between the trocar 15 and the main catheter 1). Finally, the surgical channel 7 is cleared, and the channel created by the expansion of the elastic tube 5 by the support rods 4 can then serve as the entry point for other surgical instruments.

[0063] Furthermore, the outer periphery of the connecting rod 16 is provided with several supporting ribs 20. One side of each supporting rib 20 abuts against the inner wall of the elastic tube 5.

[0064] The aforementioned support ribs 20 are designed to effectively support the elastic tube 5 after the trocar 15 and the main catheter 1 are inserted into the patient's lesion area as a whole, with the several support rods 4 in the first position, so as to ensure that the insertion process into the lesion is stable and reliable.

[0065] Furthermore, the guide plug 18 is cone-shaped, and its surface has a guide arc surface that facilitates insertion into the patient's lesion (not shown in the attached figure).

[0066] Furthermore, the end of the baffle 17 furthest from the connecting rod 16 is provided with a handle 21 that is easy for the hand to grip. Medical staff can easily remove the trocar 15 by simply gripping the handle 21.

[0067] The trocar 15 and the main catheter 1 of this application have upper and lower dual limits, which are described in detail below:

[0068] 1. By abutting the lower end face of the baffle 17 against the upper end face of the housing 3, the puncture device 15 cannot be detached as a whole, that is, it cannot move downward and separate from the main catheter 1, thus preventing the puncture device 15 from falling into the body cavity.

[0069] 2. In the first position, by cooperating the limiting plane 19 located at the upper end of the guide plug 18 with the ends of several support rods 4, the guide plug 18 cannot move upward, thus preventing the puncture device 15 from moving upward and detaching from the main catheter 1.

[0070] If and only if, after insertion into the patient's lesion area, the elastic tube 5 is expanded away from the puncture device 15 by controlling the drive mechanism 2, and the main catheter 1 and the puncture device 15 are unlocked at the same time.

[0071] Furthermore, several support rods 4 and several arc-shaped holes 11 are arranged in a circumferential array outside the surgical channel 7.

[0072] As a better approach: the number of support rods 4 is the same as the number of arc-shaped holes 11, both being six and corresponding one-to-one.

[0073] Furthermore, the elastic tube 5 is made of a highly elastic medical membrane. The ultimate target of expansion in this application is the elastic tube 5. By expanding the elastic tube 5, the brain tissue is pushed aside, and the trocar 15 is removed, thus establishing the surgical channel 7.

[0074] It should be emphasized that the active end of this application that invades the lesion area is the medical film portion, minimizing damage and impact on the tissue.

[0075] Furthermore, a number of observation holes 22 are provided through one side of the baffle 17. An observation channel is formed between any two adjacent supporting ribs 20, and each observation hole 22 is connected to an observation channel.

[0076] The observation port 22 of this application reduces the weight of the trocar 15. Furthermore, the observation port 22 allows the surgeon to observe the placement of the dilator in the lesion area during surgery.

[0077] Furthermore, a pivot 23 is fixedly inserted through the middle of each support rod 4, and this pivot 23 is rotatably connected to the housing 3. Specifically:

[0078] The bottom wall of the first annular groove 8 has a second annular groove 24. Several notches 25 are provided through the bottom of the second annular groove 24, each notch 25 corresponding to a different support rod 4 and allowing the corresponding support rod 4 to be inserted. Each notch 25 is connected to an adjustment hole 9 through the second annular groove 24. This allows the adjusting end of each support rod 4 to pass sequentially through the notch 25 and the adjustment hole 9 and move along the length of the adjustment hole 9.

[0079] The bottom wall of the second annular groove 24 is provided with semi-circular slots 26 on both sides of each notch 25 for cooperating with the rotating shaft 23. The second annular groove 24 has a limiting block 27 inside for locking the rotating shaft 23 in the semi-circular slot 26. At this time, the rotating shaft 23 serves as the rotation point between the support rod 4 and the housing 3.

[0080] Furthermore, there are several limiting blocks 27, with one limiting block 27 corresponding to any position between any two adjacent notches 25. Each limiting block 27 has a limiting groove 28 on one side, and several reinforcing ribs 29 are provided on the bottom wall of the second annular groove 24. Each reinforcing rib 29 engages with the limiting groove 28 on a limiting block 27 to achieve directional assembly of the limiting block 27. The adjusting hole 9 is located between two adjacent limiting blocks 27.

[0081] The bottom of the limiting block 27 is divided into two limiting contact surfaces 30 by the limiting groove 28. The two limiting contact surfaces 30 are respectively matched with the rotating shafts 23 on the two adjacent support rods 4, and each limiting contact surface 30 is provided with a semi-circular groove 26 that matches the rotating shaft 23.

[0082] The semi-circular groove 26 on the bottom wall of the second annular groove 24 and the semi-circular groove 26 at the bottom of the limiting block 27 work together to limit the rotating shaft 23, so that the rotating shaft 23 can only rotate and cannot undergo displacement.

[0083] In this application, the pivot 23, through the fixed position formed by the limiting block 27 and the second annular groove 24, ensures that the support rod 4 swings in a fixed direction, achieving opening and closing. Furthermore, the pivot 23 is located inside the housing 3, eliminating the risk of exposure and improving safety during medical procedures. In addition, this application prioritizes ease of assembly; its modular overall structure facilitates easy assembly.

[0084] Furthermore, the upper end of the housing 3 is provided with a cover plate for covering the turntable 10, and the cover plate is fastened or snapped onto the housing 3. The cover plate can cover or limit and fix the internal structure of the drive mechanism 2, turntable 10, etc. of this application. This is prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0085] Example 2:

[0086] The difference from Example 1 is that, as Figure 4-5 As shown in Figures 12-14, the elastic tube 5 has a small end and a large end at its two ends. An anti-slip flange 31 is provided on the inner side of the large end of the elastic tube 5, and a first annular groove 32 is provided on the outer side of the housing 3. A second annular groove 33, which mates with the anti-slip flange 31, is provided at the bottom of the first annular groove 32. The large end of the elastic tube 5 is fitted over the outside of the housing 3 and covers the second annular groove 33. A retaining ring is provided at the first annular groove 32 to secure the large end of the elastic tube 5 to the housing 3, preventing the elastic tube 5 from easily falling off.

[0087] The small end of the elastic tube 5 is provided with six clearance holes, which are used to insert the ends of the six support rods 4 and fix them by winding. The specific winding method is as follows:

[0088] 1) Inward turning of elastic tube 5: The inner wall of elastic tube 5 faces outward and the outer wall faces inward, and the outer wall facing inward encloses an inward-turned cavity;

[0089] 2) Inserting support rods 4 into the clearance holes: Insert the ends of the six support rods 4 sequentially into the inverted cavity and the six clearance holes of step 1), so that the ends of the six support rods 4 pass through the six clearance holes and are outside the inner wall of the elastic tube 5, thus serving as the winding points; see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 13 .

[0090] 3) The elastic tube 5 is flipped inward again around the winding point: By grasping the large end of the elastic tube 5 with the human hand, the large end of the elastic tube 5 is driven to flip inward again around the winding point in step 2) toward the housing 3. At this time, the elastic tube 5 is gradually fitted onto the outside of several support rods 4, and the anti-slip flange 31 on the large end of the elastic tube 5 is engaged in the second annular groove 33 on the housing 3; see Figure 14 .

[0091] 4) The large end of the elastic tube 5 is fastened to the housing 3: The large end of the elastic tube 5 is fastened to the housing 3 by means of a fixing ring, at which time the fixing ring cooperates with the first annular groove 32.

[0092] This embodiment employs a special winding method to connect the ends of several support rods 4, eliminating the need for additional hook-like structures at the ends of the support rods 4, thereby reducing processing costs and facilitating assembly. Furthermore, since the elastic tube 5 possesses inherent tensile properties, the winding method utilizes the force resisting deformation generated by the elastic tube 5 under tension to secure the small end of the elastic tube 5 to the ends of several support rods 4.

[0093] The specific embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to these embodiments without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A brain surgical expander, characterized in that: It includes a main catheter (1) and a drive mechanism (2) located on the side of the main catheter (1); The main conduit (1) includes a shell (3) and several support rods (4). The middle part of each support rod (4) is rotatably connected to the shell (3). The two ends of each support rod (4) at the rotation point are an expansion end and an adjustment end, respectively. The same elastic tube (5) is sleeved on the expansion end of several support rods (4). A surgical channel (7) is provided through one side of the shell (3). The surgical channel (7) is connected to the elastic tube (5). A first annular groove (8) is provided at the end of the shell (3) away from the elastic tube (5). The first annular groove (8) and the surgical channel (7) are independently provided. Several adjustment holes (9) are opened on the bottom wall of the first annular groove (8). The length direction of each adjustment hole (9) is adapted to the radial direction of the first annular groove (8). The adjustment end of each support rod (4) can pass through an adjustment hole (9) and move in the length direction of the adjustment hole (9). A turntable (10) is provided in the first annular groove (8). A number of arc-shaped holes (11) are passed through one side of the turntable (10). One end of each support rod (4) passes through the adjustment hole (9) and engages with the arc-shaped hole (11). The distances from the two ends of each arc-shaped hole (11) to the axis of the turntable (10) are not equal. When the drive mechanism (2) drives the turntable (10) to rotate, the turntable (10) pushes the adjustment ends of several support rods (4) to change radial displacement, causing the expansion ends of several support rods (4) to swing so as to drive the elastic tube (5) to expand.

2. The brain surgical expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (2) includes a worm (12) located on the side of the housing (3), and the outer periphery of the turntable (10) is provided with external teeth (13) that mesh with the worm (12). One end of the worm (12) is provided with a handwheel (14) that can drive the worm (12) to rotate.

3. A brain surgical expander according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the arc-shaped holes (11) has a high point and a low point at its two ends, respectively. The radius difference between the high point and the low point is 0.3-5mm, and the angle between the high point and the low point is 25-50 degrees.

4. A brain surgical expander according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a puncture device (15), and the main catheter (1) is sleeved on the outside of the puncture device (15); The puncture device (15) includes a connecting rod (16) that cooperates with the surgical channel (7). One end of the connecting rod (16) is provided with a baffle (17) outside the housing (3). One side of the baffle (17) abuts against the end of the housing (3). The other end of the connecting rod (16) is fixedly connected with a guide plug (18). The guide plug (18) is provided with a limiting plane (19) on the side facing the housing (3). A plurality of the support rods (4) surround the outer periphery of the connecting rod (16). When the support rods (4) are in the first position in a retracted state, the projection of the end of each support rod (4) away from the housing (3) falls entirely or partially on the limiting plane (19) of the guide plug (18). When several of the support rods (4) change from the first position to the second position, the elastic tube (5) expands away from the puncture device (15) and the main catheter (1) and the puncture device (15) are unlocked.

5. A brain surgical dilator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the connecting rod (16) is provided with a number of supporting ribs (20), one side of each supporting rib (20) abuts against the inner wall of the elastic tube (5), and the guide plug (18) is cone-shaped.

6. A brain surgical expander according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of observation holes (22) are provided through one side of the baffle (17), and an observation channel is formed between any two adjacent support ribs (20), and each observation hole (22) is connected to an observation channel.

7. A brain surgical dilator according to claim 6, characterized in that: A pivot (23) is fixedly inserted through the middle of each of the support rods (4), and the pivot (23) is rotatably connected to the housing (3); The bottom wall of the first annular groove (8) is provided with a second annular groove (24). The bottom of the second annular groove (24) is provided with a number of notches (25). Each of the notches (25) corresponds to a number of support rods (4) and allows the corresponding support rods (4) to be inserted. Each notch (25) is connected to the adjustment hole (9) through the second annular groove (24). The bottom wall of the second annular groove (24) is provided with a semi-circular groove (26) on both sides of each notch (25) for cooperating with the rotating shaft (23). The second annular groove (24) has a built-in limiting block (27) for limiting the rotating shaft (23) at the semi-circular groove (26).

8. A brain surgical expander according to claim 7, characterized in that: The number of the limiting blocks (27) is several. A limiting block (27) is provided at the position between any two adjacent notches (25). A limiting groove (28) is provided on one side of each limiting block (27). A number of reinforcing ribs (29) are provided on the bottom wall of the second annular groove (24). Each reinforcing rib (29) is engaged with the limiting groove (28) on a limiting block (27) to realize the directional assembly of the limiting block (27). The adjusting hole (9) is located between two adjacent limiting blocks (27). The bottom of the limiting block (27) is divided into two limiting contact surfaces (30) by the limiting groove (28), and the two limiting contact surfaces (30) respectively cooperate with the rotating shafts (23) on the two adjacent support rods (4).

9. A brain surgical expander according to claim 8, characterized in that: The elastic tube (5) has a small end and a large end at its two ends. An anti-slip flange (31) is provided on the inner side of the large end of the elastic tube (5). A first annular groove (32) is provided on the outer side of the housing (3). A second annular groove (33) that cooperates with the anti-slip flange (31) is provided at the bottom of the first annular groove (32). The large end of the elastic tube (5) is sleeved on the outside of the housing (3) and covers the second annular groove (33). A fixing ring is provided at the first annular groove (32) to fasten the large end of the elastic tube (5) to the housing (3). The small end of the elastic tube (5) is provided with six clearance holes, which are used to insert the ends of the six support rods (4) and fix them by winding.

10. A brain surgical expander according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method of winding the small end of the elastic tube (5) with the ends of several support rods (4) includes the following steps: 1) Inward turning of the elastic tube (5): the inner wall of the elastic tube (5) faces outward and the outer wall faces inward, and the outer wall faces inward to form an inward-turned cavity; 2) Insert the support rods (4) into the clearance holes: Insert the ends of the six support rods (4) into the inverted cavity and the six clearance holes in step 1) in sequence, so that the ends of the six support rods (4) pass through the six clearance holes and are outside the inner wall of the elastic tube (5), which serves as the winding point. 3) The elastic tube (5) is turned inward again around the winding point: The large end of the elastic tube (5) is grasped by the human hand and driven to turn inward again around the winding point in step 2) towards the shell (3). At this time, the elastic tube (5) is gradually fitted on the outside of several support rods (4) and the anti-slip flange (31) on the large end of the elastic tube (5) is inserted into the second annular groove (33) on the shell (3). 4) The large end of the elastic tube (5) is fastened to the housing (3): The large end of the elastic tube (5) is fastened to the housing (3) by means of a fixing ring, at which time the fixing ring is engaged with the first annular groove (32).

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