A 3D printing device for additive and subtractive composite laser selective melting

Abstract

The present invention discloses a laser selective melting forming 3D printing device for additive and subtractive composite, comprising a box, a working platform arranged in the box, a powder spreading module, a molding platform lifting module, a laser scanning module, a CNC milling module and a control module; the powder is spread on the working platform by horizontal movement of the powder spreading module, the molding platform lifting module is arranged in the lower chamber, the powder is transported to the working platform through the molding platform module, and the molding operation is performed, the laser scanning module is arranged in the upper chamber, and the working platform is scanned in all directions; the CNC milling module is arranged in the upper chamber, and can move in three axes of X, Y and Z. The device has a reliable structure and good performance, realizes the organic combination of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing equipment of laser selective melting and CNC milling, and realizes reliable control of additive and subtractive processes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, and in particular to a laser selective melting forming 3D printing device with additive and subtractive composite. Background Art

[0002] The emergence of additive manufacturing technology has promoted the change of traditional manufacturing mode, and gradually transformed the design for manufacturing into function-oriented manufacturing. However, with the scale and industrialization of additive manufacturing technology, the problems of low dimensional accuracy of molded parts, poor surface finish, and difficult processing of overhanging structures and internal surfaces of conformal flow channels have become increasingly prominent, which greatly restricts the further development of additive manufacturing technology in the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, molds, etc.

[0003] At present, the representatives of powder feeding type additive and subtractive composite manufacturing machine tools in China are mainly SVW80C-3D of Dalian Sanlei Machinery Co., Ltd., XKR40-Hybrid of Beijing Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Machine Tool Co., Ltd. and XF1200-3D of Qinghai Huading Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. However, powder spreading type additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment has not been launched in China, so it is of great significance to research and develop powder spreading type additive and subtractive composite manufacturing equipment. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a laser selective melting forming 3D printing device with additive and subtractive composite.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a laser selective melting forming 3D printing device with additive and subtractive composite, comprising a box;

[0006] A working platform, the working platform is located in the box body and divides the box body into an upper chamber and a lower chamber;

[0007] A powder spreading module is arranged in the upper cavity and spreads the powder onto the working platform through horizontal movement of the powder spreading module;

[0008] The molding platform lifting module is arranged in the lower cavity, and the powder is transported to the working platform through the molding platform module to perform molding operations;

[0009] A laser scanning module is arranged in the upper cavity and performs an all-round scanning of the working platform;

[0010] CNC milling module, CNC milling module is set in the upper cavity and can move in three axes of X, Y and Z.

[0011] And a control module which is respectively connected to the powder laying module, the molding platform lifting module, the laser scanning module and the CNC milling module for communication.

[0012] Furthermore, the powder spreading module includes a module shell, a transmission mechanism located in the module shell, a connecting seat connected to the transmission mechanism and moving along the module shell, and a scraper arranged on the connecting seat, the end of the scraper extends to the working platform, and the powder transported by the molding platform lifting module is spread on the working platform through the movement of the scraper.

[0013] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a driving motor, a lead screw connected to the driving motor through a coupling, and a slider arranged on the lead screw, and the module housing is arranged on the slider.

[0014] Furthermore, the molding platform lifting module includes a molding module and powder supply modules respectively arranged on both sides of the molding module. The powder spreading module moves back and forth between the two powder supply modules to spread the powder transported by the powder supply modules, and performs molding operations through the molding module.

[0015] Furthermore, the powder supply module and the molding module both include a motor mounting plate, a servo motor arranged on the motor mounting plate, a ball screw connected to the output end of the servo motor through a coupling, and a screw nut cooperatively connected to the ball screw, and the screw nut is fixed to the bottom plate of the molding bin through a linear bearing, guide shafts are arranged on both sides of the motor mounting plate, and a base plate is arranged on the top of the guide shaft, and the base plate of the powder supply module is driven to rise and fall along the powder supply cylinder by the rotation of the ball screw, and the base plate of the molding module is driven to rise and fall along the molding cylinder.

[0016] Furthermore, the laser scanning module includes a laser and a scanning and focusing unit and a collimated beam amplifying unit for laser transmission and focusing.

[0017] Furthermore, the scanning and focusing unit includes a PC, a galvanometer control card, an X-axis reflector and a Y-axis reflector, a deflection motor, and an F-theta mirror. The PC is communicatively connected to the galvanometer control card, and is communicatively connected to the galvanometer control card through the motor, and the deflection of the X-axis reflector and the Y-axis reflector is controlled by the motor.

[0018] Furthermore, the CNC milling module includes two groups of X-axis moving modules, a Y-axis moving module slidably arranged between the two groups of X-axis moving modules, a Z-axis moving module arranged on the Y-axis moving module, and a tool mold arranged on the Z-axis moving module and sliding up and down along the Z-axis moving module.

[0019] Furthermore, the X-axis moving module and the Y-axis moving module both include a shell, a storage seat arranged in the shell, and a driving component connected to the storage seat and driving the storage seat to move; the shell of the Y-axis moving module is connected to the storage seat of the X-axis moving module through an auxiliary bracket, and the Z-axis moving module is connected to the storage seat of the Y-axis moving module through an auxiliary bracket.

[0020] Furthermore, the Z-axis moving module includes a shell, a slide seat arranged inside the shell, a guide rail laid on the bottom wall inside the shell, and a driving component that drives the slide seat to slide along the guide rail. The tool mold is connected to the slide seat of the Z-axis moving module through a bracket.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention provides a 3D printing device for laser selective melting forming with additive and subtractive materials;

[0022] (1) It has a reliable structure and good performance, and realizes the organic combination of laser selective melting and CNC milling additive and subtractive composite manufacturing equipment, and realizes reliable control of additive and subtractive processes.

[0023] (2) Powder supply cylinders are installed on both sides of the forming cylinder. The powder roller moves back and forth between the two powder supply cylinders, which can improve the powder spreading efficiency and effectively recover the powder. At the same time, injection devices are installed on both sides of the two powder supply cylinders to spray inert gas into the forming cylinder to prevent the powder from contaminating the field mirror during transportation and to prevent the debris generated during the material reduction process from being scattered into the powder supply trough and contaminating the powder.

[0024] (3) The specific structure of the optical transmission module of the laser scanning system ensures the reliability of laser transmission and focusing functions, improves the accuracy of scanning, and improves the dynamic response speed of the system.

[0025] (4) Through the specific structural design of the CNC milling module, a gantry structure is formed with an X-axis moving module, a Y-axis moving module, and a Z-axis moving module to achieve movement in three directions, and precisely control the tool mold to achieve material reduction operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A top view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a side cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the powder spreading module structure in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting module of the molding platform in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a working principle diagram of the laser scanning system in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the CNC milling module structure of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the X-axis moving module / Y-axis moving module in the present invention;

[0035] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Z-axis moving module in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a laser selective melting forming 3D printing device with additive and subtractive composite includes a box 1, which is a protective shell 620 and provides a reliable working environment for the entire device. The working platform 2 is located in the box 1 and divides the box 1 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity to form a partition structure, so that the work in each area is convenient and will not affect the work of other components.

[0038] The device comprises a powder spreading device, wherein a powder spreading module 3 is arranged in the upper cavity, and the powder is spread on the working platform 2 through the horizontal movement of the powder spreading module 3 .

[0039] The powder spreading module 3 includes a module housing 30, a transmission mechanism 31 located in the module housing 30, a connection seat 32 connected to the transmission mechanism 31 and moving along the module housing 30, and a scraper 33 arranged on the connection seat 32. The end of the scraper 33 extends to the working platform 2. The movement of the scraper 33 spreads the powder delivered by the molding platform lifting module 4 on the working platform 2. Powder supply cylinders are installed on both sides of the molding cylinder. The powder roller moves back and forth between the two powder supply cylinders, which can improve the powder spreading efficiency and effectively recover the powder. At the same time, injection devices are installed on both sides of the two powder supply cylinders to inject inert gas into the molding cylinder to prevent the powder from contaminating the field mirror during the transportation process and to prevent the debris generated during the material reduction process from being scattered into the powder supply slot and contaminating the powder.

[0040] The transmission mechanism 31 of the powder spreading device includes a driving motor 310, a screw rod 312 connected to the driving motor 310 through a coupling 311, and a slider 313 arranged on the screw rod 312, and the module housing 30 is arranged on the slider 313. The end of the screw rod 312 is connected to the screw rod nut, and the screw rod nut is installed in the end of the module housing 30. When in use, the driving motor 310 drives the screw rod 312 to rotate, and then drives the slider 313 on the screw rod 312 to move. Since the connecting seat 32 is arranged on the slider 313, the connecting seat 32 moves with the slider 313, and then drives the scraper 33 to evenly spread the powder on the working platform 2.

[0041] The device also includes a molding platform lifting module 4, which is arranged in the lower cavity and conveys powder to the working platform 2 through the molding platform module to perform molding operations.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, the molding platform lifting module 4 includes a molding module 40 and powder supply modules 41 respectively arranged on both sides of the molding module 40. The powder spreading module 3 moves back and forth between the two powder supply modules 41 to spread the powder delivered by the powder supply module 41 and performs molding operations through the molding module 40.

[0043] The powder supply module 41 and the molding module 40 both include a motor mounting plate 401, a servo motor 402 arranged on the motor mounting plate 401, a ball screw 403 connected to the output end of the servo motor 402 through a coupling, and a screw nut connected to the ball screw 403, and the screw nut is fixed to the molding bin bottom plate through a linear bearing, and a guide shaft 404 is arranged on both sides of the motor mounting plate 401, and a base plate 405 is arranged on the top of the guide shaft, and the base plate 405 of the powder supply module 41 is driven to rise and fall along the powder supply cylinder through the rotation of the ball screw 312, and the base plate 405 of the molding module 40 is driven to rise and fall along the molding cylinder. The servo motor 402 transmits the torque to the ball screw through the coupling 311, and the ball screw rotates, and the screw nut and the linear bearing are fixed to the molding bin bottom plate with bolts. The motor is connected to the motor mounting plate 401 with bolts, and when the internal thread rotates, the motor mounting plate 401 and the guide shaft move up and down, so that the base plate 405 moves up and down. A groove-type photoelectric sensor and a mechanical anti-collision block are attached to the substrate 405 to prevent the molding platform from overtravel. A felt ring is attached to the groove of the substrate 405 to prevent the micron metal powder from falling, and a certain expansion space is reserved for the substrate 405 to prevent the expansion of the substrate 405 due to heat during the molding process, which plays a specific buffering role.

[0044] The device also includes a laser scanning module 5, which is arranged in the upper cavity and performs an all-round scanning on the working platform 2. Figure 6 As shown, the laser scanning module 5 includes a laser and a scanning focusing unit and a collimated beam amplifying unit for laser transmission and focusing. The laser uses a laser with a shorter wavelength to increase the laser absorbance of the material. The scanning focusing unit and the collimated beam amplifying unit are used for laser transmission and focusing functions.

[0045] The scanning and focusing unit includes a PC, a galvanometer control card, an X-axis reflector and a Y-axis reflector, a deflection motor, and an F-theta mirror. The PC is connected to the galvanometer control card through communication, and is connected to the galvanometer control card through a motor, and the deflection of the X-axis reflector and the Y-axis reflector is controlled by the motor. When the laser beam enters the galvanometer scanning device, the motor drives the X-axis and Y-axis reflectors to deflect at high speed to scan the laser beam at high speed. Galvanometer scanning utilizes the principle of the galvanometer to control the voltage of the motor to achieve the deflection angle of the reflector, the small angle deflection of the reflector, and the large-range scanning of the laser beam. At the same time, the rotational inertia of the lens is small, which can ensure the accuracy of the scanning and improve the dynamic response of the system.

[0046] After the laser beam enters the scanning galvanometer, it will be deflected and then shot into the F-theta mirror, and finally focused on the metal powder on the working plane. The F-theta mirror ensures that the laser beam focuses at the same position and size on the entire working surface.

[0047] The collimated beam amplification unit includes a beam protection mirror, whose function is to ensure that the laser beam obtains a suitable focusing spot and a scanning width of a specific size when transmitted over long distances; the function of the beam protection mirror is to magnify the diameter of the incident laser beam several times so that collimated parallel light can be output into the galvanometer device.

[0048] Laser beam expanders have two main functions: increasing the diameter of the laser beam and reducing the divergence angle of the laser beam. The laser beam expander consists of an input negative lens and an output positive lens. The beam of the distant virtual focus passes through the input lens and is transmitted to the output lens with its virtual confocal. This structure of the beam expander can obtain a magnification of about 20 times.

[0049] Finally, the working principle of the laser scanning module 5 is as follows Figure 7 As shown, after receiving the processing information, the host sends the information to the galvanometer control card. Under the control of the galvanometer control card, the motor drives the X-axis and Y-axis reflectors to deflect at high speed and scan the laser beam at high speed. After receiving the information, the host sends information to the laser controller to make the laser generate high-energy laser. The high-energy laser increases the diameter of the laser beam under the action of the beam expander and enters the galvanometer scanning system in parallel. After entering the scanning galvanometer, the laser beam will be deflected and then shot into the F-theta mirror, and finally will be focused on the metal powder on the working plane, so that the metal powder melts.

[0050] The device also includes a CNC milling module 6, which is arranged in the upper cavity and can move in three axes of X, Y and Z.

[0051] like Figures 8 to 10As shown, the CNC milling module 6 includes two groups of X-axis moving modules 60, a Y-axis moving module 61 slidably disposed between the two groups of X-axis moving modules 60, a Z-axis moving module 62 disposed on the Y-axis moving module 61, and a tool mold 63 disposed on the Z-axis moving module 62 and sliding up and down along the Z-axis moving module 62. The X-axis moving module 60, the Y-axis moving module 61, and the Z-axis moving module 62 form a gantry structure to achieve movement in three directions, and the tool mold 63 is precisely controlled to achieve a material reduction operation.

[0052] The X-axis moving module 60 and the Y-axis moving module 61 both include a housing 601, a storage seat 602 arranged in the housing 601, and a driving component (64) connected to the storage seat 602 and driving the storage seat 602 to move. The housing 601 of the Y-axis moving module 61 is connected to the storage seat 602 of the X-axis moving module 60 through an auxiliary bracket, and the Z-axis moving module 62 is connected to the storage seat 602 of the Y-axis moving module 61 through an auxiliary bracket. The housing 601 plays a protective role to avoid the influence of external impurities. The driving component 64 adopts a ball screw 403 component. When in use, the driving component 64 drives the storage seat 602 to move in the housing 601, thereby driving the Y-axis moving module 61 as a whole to realize the movement in the X-axis direction. The Y-axis moving module 61 drives the Z-axis moving module 62 to move in the same way to realize the movement in the Y-axis direction. Then, the driving component 64 inside the Z-axis moving module 62 drives the tool mold 63 to move up and down to realize the movement in the Z-axis direction. This results in movement in three directions, enabling accurate material reduction operations.

[0053] The Z-axis moving module 62 includes a housing 620, a slide 621 disposed inside the housing 620, a guide rail 622 laid on the bottom wall inside the housing 620, and a driving assembly 64 that drives the slide 621 to slide along the guide rail 622. The tool mold 63 is connected to the slide 621 of the Z-axis moving module 62 through a bracket. When in use, the driving assembly 64 drives the slide 621 to move along the guide rail 622, thereby driving the tool mold 63 disposed on the slide 621 to move, thereby achieving up and down movement.

[0054] The device also includes a control module, a control module that is communicatively connected to the powder spreading module 3, the molding platform lifting module 4, the laser scanning module 5 and the CNC milling module 6. Each module is controlled individually or as a system through the control module.

[0055] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser selective melting forming 3D printing device with additive and subtractive composite, characterized in that: comprising a box body (1); A working platform (2), the working platform (2) being located inside the box (1) and dividing the box (1) into an upper chamber and a lower chamber; A powder spreading module (3), wherein the powder spreading module (3) is arranged in the upper cavity and spreads powder onto the working platform (2) through horizontal movement of the powder spreading module (3); A molding platform lifting module (4), wherein the molding platform lifting module (4) is arranged in the lower cavity, and powder is transported to the working platform (2) through the molding platform lifting module (4) to perform molding operations; A laser scanning module (5), wherein the laser scanning module (5) is arranged in the upper cavity and performs an omnidirectional scan on the working platform (2); A CNC milling module (6), wherein the CNC milling module (6) is arranged in the upper cavity and can move in three axes: X, Y, and Z; and a control module which is communicatively connected to the powder spreading module (3), the molding platform lifting module (4), the laser scanning module (5) and the CNC milling module (6); The molding platform lifting module (4) comprises a molding module (40) and powder supply modules (41) respectively arranged on both sides of the molding module (40); the powder spreading module (3) moves back and forth between the two powder supply modules (41) to spread the powder transported by the powder supply module (41), and performs molding operations through the molding module (40); The powder supply module (41) and the molding module (40) both comprise a motor mounting plate (401), a servo motor (402) arranged on the motor mounting plate (401), a ball screw (403) connected to the output end of the servo motor (402) via a coupling, and a screw nut matched with the ball screw (403), wherein the screw nut is fixed to the molding bin bottom plate via a linear bearing, guide shafts (404) are arranged on both sides of the motor mounting plate (401), and a base plate (405) is arranged at the top of the guide shaft (404), and the base plate (405) of the powder supply module (41) is driven to rise and fall along the powder supply cylinder by the rotation of the ball screw (403), and the base plate (405) of the molding module (40) is driven to rise and fall along the molding cylinder; The laser scanning module (5) comprises a laser and a scanning and focusing unit and a collimated beam amplification unit for laser transmission and focusing; The scanning and focusing unit includes a PC, a galvanometer control card, an X-axis reflector and a Y-axis reflector, a deflection motor, and an F-theta mirror, wherein the PC is communicatively connected to the galvanometer control card, the deflection motor is communicatively connected to the galvanometer control card, and the deflection of the X-axis reflector and the Y-axis reflector is controlled by the deflection motor; The CNC milling module (6) comprises two groups of X-axis moving modules (60), a Y-axis moving module (61) slidably arranged between the two groups of X-axis moving modules (60), a Z-axis moving module (62) arranged on the Y-axis moving module (61), and a tool mold (63) arranged on the Z-axis moving module (62) and sliding up and down along the Z-axis moving module (62).

2. The laser selective melting forming 3D printing device of additive and subtractive composite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The powder spreading module (3) comprises a module shell (30), a transmission mechanism (31) located in the module shell (30), a connecting seat (32) connected to the transmission mechanism (31) and moving along the module shell (30), and a scraper (33) arranged on the connecting seat (32), wherein the end of the scraper (33) extends onto the working platform (2), and the powder transported by the molding platform lifting module (4) is spread on the working platform (2) through the movement of the scraper (33).

3. The laser selective melting forming 3D printing device of additive and subtractive composite according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (31) comprises a drive motor (310), a lead screw (312) connected to the drive motor (310) via a coupling (311), and a slider (313) arranged on the lead screw (312), and the module housing (30) is arranged on the slider (313).

4. The laser selective melting forming 3D printing device of additive and subtractive composite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The X-axis moving module (60) and the Y-axis moving module (61) both comprise a housing (601), a storage seat (602) disposed in the housing (601), and a driving component (64) connected to the storage seat (602) and driving the storage seat (602) to move; the housing (601) of the Y-axis moving module (61) is connected to the storage seat (602) of the X-axis moving module (60) via an auxiliary bracket, and the Z-axis moving module (62) is connected to the storage seat (602) of the Y-axis moving module (61) via an auxiliary bracket.

5. The additive and subtractive composite laser selective melting 3D printing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The Z-axis moving module (62) comprises a housing (620), a slide seat (621) arranged inside the housing (620), a guide rail (622) laid on the inner bottom wall of the housing (620), and a driving component (64) driving the slide seat (621) to slide along the guide rail (622); the tool mold (63) is connected to the slide seat (621) of the Z-axis moving module (62) via a bracket.

Images