Dynamic adjustment method of liquid charge and its application

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for dynamically regulating the charge of a liquid and its application. The method for dynamically regulating the charge of a liquid first contacts a liquid layer with a first solid layer to form a double electric layer structure at the solid-liquid contact interface, then applies a quantitative unipolar charge on the surface of the first solid layer or on the surface of a second solid layer spaced apart from it in a contact electrification manner to construct a passive electric field, and dynamically regulates the charge composition of a dense layer in the double electric layer through the passive electric field, thereby controlling the ratio of the number of free heterogeneous charges in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, regulating the charge of the liquid layer, thereby realizing passive dynamic regulation of the charge distribution in the double electric layer generated when a dielectric solid and a liquid contact each other, thereby further realizing passive dynamic regulation of the charge of the liquid. Through the regulation method, ion-containing droplets can be transported through the interior of a non-ion-containing liquid, and ion-containing liquid and non-ion-containing liquid in a mixed liquid can also be separated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of regulating the charge carried by liquid, and in particular to a method for dynamically regulating the charge carried by liquid and its application. Background Art

[0002] Since Helmholtz proposed the first double-layer model based on the parallel plate mode in 1879, people have never stopped studying its internal structure and composition. The current static model of the double layer is the Stern model, which believes that the double layer at the solid-liquid interface consists of two parts: a dense layer and a diffuse layer.

[0003] In addition, according to the latest Wang's double layer model, when a solid and a liquid come into contact with each other, electron transfer first occurs between the solid and liquid molecules, and at the same time, ionization reaction also occurs on the solid surface. Therefore, electrons and ions with the same charge on the solid surface together constitute the inner Helmholtz layer in the dense layer; based on the electrostatic force adsorption of the inner Helmholtz layer, ions with different charges will be adsorbed on the surface of the charged body to form an outer Helmholtz layer.

[0004] Currently, the regulation of the double layer, that is, the regulation of the charge of the liquid, is based on traditional electrochemical means to actively fine-tune the double layer of the conductor-liquid interface. However, there is a lack of effective regulation methods for the dielectric-liquid interface, which limits the scope of application scenarios based on the regulation of the charge of the liquid. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to address the technical problem in the prior art of lacking effective means for regulating the charge of liquid at the dielectric-liquid interface. The present invention provides a method for dynamically regulating the charge of liquid and its application.

[0006] The present invention discloses a method for dynamically adjusting the charge of a liquid, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The liquid layer is brought into contact with the first solid layer to form an electrical double layer structure at the solid-liquid contact interface.

[0008] A certain amount of unipolar charge is applied on the surface of the first solid layer or on the surface of the second solid layer separated from it by contact electrification to construct a passive electric field, and the charge composition of the dense layer in the double electric layer is dynamically adjusted by the passive electric field, thereby controlling the ratio of the number of free heterogeneous charges in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer and adjusting the charge of the liquid layer. The adjustment results are as follows:

[0009] (a) When the amount of free positive charges in the diffusion layer is greater than the amount of negative charges, the liquid layer as a whole becomes positively charged.

[0010] (b) When the amount of free positive charge in the diffusion layer is equal to the amount of negative charge, the liquid layer as a whole is electrically neutral.

[0011] (c) When the amount of free positive charges in the diffusion layer is less than the amount of negative charges, the liquid layer as a whole becomes negatively charged.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above solution, the side of the first solid layer close to the liquid layer is a contact surface, wherein a quantitative unipolar charge is applied to the contact surface of the first solid layer to achieve contact-type regulation.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above solution, a quantitative unipolar charge is applied to the side of the first solid layer facing away from the liquid layer to achieve non-contact regulation.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above scheme, a second solid layer is arranged on the first solid layer away from the liquid layer, and a predetermined distance is maintained between the first solid layer and the second solid layer. A quantitative unipolar charge is applied to the side of the second solid layer close to the first solid layer to achieve remote control adjustment.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above solution, the first solid layer is a weak positive layer or a weak negative layer, and the second solid layer is a strong positive layer or a strong negative layer, wherein the electronegativity of the strong negative layer material is stronger than that of the weak negative layer material, and the electronegativity of the strong positive layer material is stronger than that of the weak positive layer material.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the materials of the weak negative charge layer and the strong negative charge layer are selected from any two of polytetrafluoroethylene, fluororubber, polyvinyl fluoride, polyimide, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethane rubber, cellulose, polypropylene, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, synthetic fiber, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride and perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above solution, the materials of the weak positive layer and the strong positive layer are selected from any two of polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamine, animal fur, silk and cotton.

[0018] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the liquid material of the liquid layer is any one of deionized water, charged deionized water, lithium chloride aqueous solution, hydrogen chloride aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide solution, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride aqueous solution and organic solution.

[0019] The present invention also discloses a method for transporting ion-containing droplets, which is used to transport ion-containing droplets through the interior of a liquid without ions, and comprises the following steps:

[0020] Ion-containing droplets and ion-free droplets are provided, and a delivery target of the ion-containing droplets is specified.

[0021] The charge of the ion-containing droplets is adjusted to be unipolar, wherein the charge of the ion-containing droplets is adjusted by any one of the above-mentioned dynamic adjustment methods.

[0022] A targeted electric field with a charge polarity opposite to that of the ion-containing droplets is deployed at the delivery target site, thereby attracting the ion-containing droplets to pass through the ion-free liquid and reach the delivery target site.

[0023] The present invention also discloses a mixed liquid separation method, which is used to separate a mixed liquid formed by mixing an ion-containing liquid and a non-ion-containing liquid. The separation method comprises the following steps:

[0024] The ion-containing liquid in the mixed solution is adjusted to be unipolar. The charge of the ion-containing liquid is adjusted by any one of the above-mentioned dynamic adjustment methods.

[0025] A separation electric field with a polarity opposite to that of the ion-containing liquid is set in a target separation direction, thereby attracting and separating the ion-containing liquid in the mixed solution.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution disclosed in the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The present invention adjusts the position of the bidirectional electric field generated by pre-contact electrification, and can realize passive dynamic regulation of the charge distribution in the double electric layer generated when the dielectric solid and the liquid contact each other by contact regulation, non-contact regulation, and remote control regulation, thereby further realizing passive dynamic regulation of the charge of the liquid.

[0028] 2. The present invention utilizes the bidirectional electric field generated by pre-contact electrification to realize the common disturbance of ions and electrons constituting the double electric layer on the basis of realizing the passive dynamic regulation of the charge distribution in the double electric layer, further constructs the ion-electron interaction interface, and realizes the coupled motion of ions and electrons. Based on this, an ion electronic device is also constructed, further realizing the mutual conversion of ion-electron signals, and laying a technical foundation for realizing simpler and more efficient human-computer interaction.

[0029] 3. The present invention also expands a series of applications based on the above-mentioned adjustment method. It can not only be used to transport ion-containing droplets through the interior of the non-ionic liquid, but also can realize needle-free injection of human skin tissue based on this application, which will not damage the subcutaneous tissue, reduce the occurrence of subcutaneous nodules, subcutaneous fat hyperplasia or atrophy, and make the drug liquid diffuse into the body, absorb faster and more evenly, exert its effect faster, and save the amount of drug used to a certain extent. In addition, it can also be used to separate ion-containing liquids and non-ion-containing liquids in mixed liquids, especially oil-water mixtures, which has positive significance for solution extraction, sewage treatment and other fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for dynamically adjusting the charge of a liquid in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a partial liquid electrical property dynamic regulation method based on contact regulation in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another part of the liquid electrical property dynamic regulation method based on contact regulation in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a partial liquid electrical property dynamic regulation method based on non-contact regulation in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another part of the liquid electrical dynamic regulation method based on non-contact regulation in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a partial liquid electrical property dynamic adjustment method based on remote control adjustment in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another part of the liquid electrical property dynamic adjustment method based on remote control adjustment in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a liquid control method for liquid passing through an oil layer based on a method for adjusting the charge carried by the liquid in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0038] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the control method for oil-liquid separation based on the adjustment method of the charge carried by the liquid in Example 5 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "mounted on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time. When a component is considered to be "fixed to" another component, it may be directly fixed on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "or / and" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for dynamically adjusting the double electric layer at the solid-liquid interface by using the passive electric field generated by contact electrification, thereby realizing a dynamic adjustment method for effectively controlling the charge of the liquid. The dynamic adjustment method includes the following steps:

[0044] The liquid layer is brought into contact with the first solid layer to form an electrical double layer structure at the solid-liquid contact interface.

[0045] A certain amount of unipolar charge is applied on the surface of the first solid layer or on the surface of the second solid layer separated from it by contact electrification to construct a passive electric field, and the charge composition of the dense layer in the double electric layer is dynamically adjusted by the passive electric field, thereby controlling the ratio of the number of free heterogeneous charges in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer and adjusting the charge of the liquid layer. The adjustment results are as follows:

[0046] (a) When the amount of free positive charges in the diffusion layer is greater than the amount of negative charges, the liquid layer as a whole becomes positively charged.

[0047] (b) When the amount of free positive charge in the diffusion layer is equal to the amount of negative charge, the liquid layer as a whole is electrically neutral.

[0048] (c) When the amount of free positive charges in the diffusion layer is less than the amount of negative charges, the liquid layer as a whole becomes negatively charged.

[0049] In the present invention, the essence of contact electrification is that when two different materials are in contact with each other, due to the different work functions of the materials, charge transfer will occur on the two contacting surfaces, thereby forming a charged body. Contact electrification is not limited by the type of material and can occur at the contact interface of any two different materials, including solid, liquid, and gas phase materials. Among them, the solid-liquid contact interface is the most common interface on earth. As long as the liquid flows over the solid surface, electron transfer will occur between the two. Based on the different restrictions on electronegativity, in solid-liquid contact electrification, the liquid can usually only carry a single charge (positive or negative). The internal reason is that when a solid and a liquid are in contact with each other, the solid surface often dissociates due to the dissociation of surface groups or selectively adsorbs a certain charge from the solution. Based on the requirement of electrical neutrality, there must be excess charges with opposite signs to the solid surface charges in the liquid near the charged surface, thereby forming a double electric layer.

[0050] Based on the stable structure of the static double electric layer, the singleness of the charge of the liquid when it flows over the solid surface is fixed. If the static double electric layer structure is stimulated by the outside world, causing a structural transformation inside it, this may cause the liquid to flow over the same solid surface with different charges. Because the particles inside the double electric layer are composed of charged ions and electrons, its internal structure will be affected by the electric field force. If the passive electric field generated by contact electrification is used to perturb the double electric layer internally, coupled motion of ions and electrons inside the double electric layer will occur, which can not only passively and dynamically adjust the internal structure of the double electric layer and adjust the charge of the liquid, but also further construct ionic electronic devices, laying a technical foundation for achieving simpler and more efficient human-computer interaction.

[0051] In this embodiment, contact adjustment is used to apply a quantitative unipolar charge to the side of the first solid layer in contact with the liquid layer. Specifically, a liquid layer 100 and a plurality of solid layers are first provided: a weak positive layer 200, a strong positive layer 300, a strong negative layer 400 and a weak negative layer 500.

[0052] Among them, the materials of the weak negative layer 500 and the strong negative layer 400 may include but are not limited to polytetrafluoroethylene, fluororubber, polyvinyl fluoride, polyimide, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethane rubber, cellulose, polypropylene, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, synthetic fiber, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride or perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer, all materials that are easy to obtain electrons, and it is necessary to ensure that the electronegativity of the strong negative layer 400 material is stronger than that of the weak negative layer 500 material.

[0053] Furthermore, the materials of the weak positive layer 200 and the strong positive layer 300 may include but are not limited to polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamine, animal fur, silk, cotton, and all other materials that easily lose electrons. It is necessary to ensure that the electropositivity of the strong positive layer 300 material is stronger than that of the weak positive layer 200 material.

[0054] In addition, the liquid in the liquid layer 100 may include but is not limited to deionized water, charged deionized water, all salt solutions including but not limited to lithium chloride aqueous solution, all acidic solutions including but not limited to hydrogen chloride aqueous solution, all alkaline solutions including but not limited to sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride aqueous solution and organic solutions, and all other liquid materials containing ions.

[0055] The contact type adjustment method described in this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0056] See also Figure 2 ,like Figure 2 As shown in (a), when the liquid layer 100 and the weak positive layer 200 (i.e., the first solid layer) are in contact with each other, based on the difference in electronegativity, the electrons in the weak positive layer 200 will transfer to the water molecules, and at the same time, an ionization reaction will occur on the surface of the weak positive layer 200, resulting in a small amount of positive charge being adsorbed on the surface of the weak positive layer 200 to form an inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer; under the electrostatic force adsorption of the inner Helmholtz layer, an even smaller amount of negative charge is adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; under the joint action of the two, a small amount of negative charge is freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 has a weak negative charge.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown in (b), when the weak positive layer 200 and the strong positive layer 300 contact each other and rub strongly, based on the difference in electronegativity, a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the surface of the weak positive layer 200 carries a large amount of negative charge; when the contact surface (i.e., the first solid layer) with a large amount of negative charge in the weak positive layer 200 contacts each other with the liquid layer 100, the large amount of negative charge carried on the surface of the weak positive layer 200 constitutes the inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer, thereby forming a negative electric field, which causes a large amount of positive charge in the liquid to be adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of negative charge is freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 carries a strong negative charge.

[0058] like Figure 2As shown in (c), when the weak positive layer 200 and the strong negative layer 400 contact each other but no friction occurs, a small amount of electron transfer occurs between the two based on the difference in electronegativity, so that the surface of the weak positive layer 200 carries a small amount of positive charge; when the contact surface with a small amount of positive charge in the weak positive layer 200 (i.e., the first solid layer) contacts the liquid layer 100, the small amount of positive charge carried on the surface of the weak positive layer 200 constitutes the inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer, thereby forming a positive electric field, which causes the small amount of negative charge that should be free in the liquid to be adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; resulting in a balance of positive and negative charges in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 remains electrically neutral.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown in (d), when the weak positive layer 200 and the strong negative layer 400 contact each other and rub strongly, based on the difference in electronegativity, a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the surface of the weak positive layer 200 carries a large amount of positive charge; when the contact surface (i.e., the first solid layer) with a large amount of positive charge in the weak positive layer 200 contacts each other with the liquid layer 100, the large amount of positive charge carried on the surface of the weak positive layer 200 constitutes the inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer, thereby forming a positive electric field, which causes a large amount of negative charge in the liquid to be adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of positive charge is freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 carries a strong positive charge.

[0060] See also Figure 3 ,like Figure 3 As shown in (a), when the liquid layer 100 and the weak negative layer 500 (i.e., the first solid layer) are in contact with each other, based on the difference in electronegativity, the electrons in the water molecules will transfer to the molecules in the weak negative layer 500, and at the same time, an ionization reaction will occur on the surface of the weak negative layer 500, resulting in a small amount of negative charge being adsorbed on the surface of the weak negative layer 500 to form an inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer; under the electrostatic force adsorption of the inner Helmholtz layer, a smaller amount of positive charge is adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; under the joint action of the two, a small amount of positive charge is freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 has a weak positive charge.

[0061] like Figure 3As shown in (b), when the weak negative layer 500 and the strong negative layer 400 come into contact with each other and rub strongly, a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two based on the difference in electronegativity, so that the surface of the weak negative layer 500 carries a large amount of positive charge; when the contact surface (i.e., the first solid layer) with a large amount of positive charge in the weak positive layer 200 comes into contact with the liquid layer 100, the large amount of positive charge carried on the surface of the weak negative layer 500 constitutes the inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer, thereby forming a positive electric field, which causes a large amount of negative charge in the liquid to be adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of positive charge is freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 carries a strong positive charge.

[0062] like Figure 3 As shown in (c), when the weak negative layer 500 and the strong positive layer 300 come into contact with each other but no friction occurs, a small amount of electron transfer occurs between the two based on the difference in electronegativity, so that the surface of the weak negative layer 500 carries a small amount of negative charge; when the contact surface with a small amount of negative charge in the weak negative layer 500 (i.e., the first solid layer) comes into contact with the liquid layer 100, the small amount of negative charge carried on the surface of the weak negative layer 500 constitutes the inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer, thereby forming a negative electric field, which causes the small amount of positive charge that should be free in the liquid to be adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; resulting in a balance of positive and negative charges in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 remains electrically neutral.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown in (d), when the weak negative layer 500 and the strong positive layer 300 contact each other and rub strongly, a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two based on the difference in electronegativity, so that the surface of the weak negative layer 500 carries a large amount of negative charge; when the contact surface (i.e., the first solid layer) with a large amount of negative charge in the weak negative layer 500 contacts each other with the liquid layer 100, the large amount of negative charge carried on the surface of the positive layer constitutes the inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer, thereby forming a negative electric field, which causes a large amount of positive charge in the liquid to be adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of negative charge is freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 carries a strong negative charge.

[0064] Therefore, this embodiment utilizes the position of the bidirectional electric field generated by pre-contact electrification to achieve passive dynamic regulation of the charge distribution in the double electric layer generated when the dielectric solid and liquid come into contact with each other in a contact regulation manner, thereby further achieving dynamic regulation of the charge of the liquid.

[0065] The present invention utilizes the bidirectional electric field generated by pre-contact electrification to construct an ionic electronic device based on the realization of ion-electron coupling movement inside the double electric layer, further realizes the mutual conversion of ion-electron signals, and lays a technical foundation for realizing simpler and more efficient human-computer interaction. Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application provides a dynamic regulation method for dynamically regulating the double electric layer using the passive electric field generated by contact electrification, thereby realizing effective regulation of the charge of the liquid.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] This embodiment provides a method for dynamically adjusting the charge of a liquid, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that a non-contact adjustment is used to apply a quantitative unipolar charge to the side of the first solid layer in contact with the liquid layer.

[0068] See also Figure 4 ,like Figure 4 As shown in (a), when the liquid layer 100 and the weak positive layer 200 are in contact with each other, the liquid has a weak negative charge. After the strong positive layer 300 contacts and rubs strongly with the non-liquid contact surface of the weak positive layer 200 (i.e., the first solid layer), a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the non-liquid contact surface of the weak positive layer 200 has a large amount of negative charge. When the strong positive layer 300 is removed, the non-liquid contact surface of the weak positive layer 200 has a large amount of negative charge, thereby generating a negative electric field, which attracts a large amount of positive charges in the liquid to form an inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer. Under the combined action of the negative electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, a small amount of negative charges in the liquid are adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer. Based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of negative charges are freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 has a strong negative charge.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown in (b), on the basis that the liquid carries a weak negative charge when the liquid layer 100 and the weak positive layer 200 are in contact with each other, after the strong negative layer 400 contacts the non-liquid contact surface of the weak positive layer 200 (i.e., the first solid layer) but no friction occurs, a small amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the non-liquid contact surface of the weak positive layer 200 carries a small amount of positive charge; when the strong positive layer 300 is removed, the non-liquid contact surface of the weak positive layer 200 carries a small amount of positive charge, thereby generating a positive electric field. Under the combined action of the positive electric field and the electronegativity difference, the small amount of positive charge in the liquid layer 100 constitutes an inner Helmholtz layer. Under the combined action of the positive electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, negative charges equal to the positive charges in the inner Helmholtz layer are adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer, thereby keeping the liquid layer 100 electrically neutral.

[0070] like Figure 4As shown in (c), when the liquid layer 100 and the weak positive layer 200 are in contact with each other, the liquid has a weak negative charge. After the strong negative layer 400 contacts and rubs strongly with the non-liquid contact surface of the weak positive layer 200 (i.e., the first solid layer), a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the non-liquid contact surface of the weak positive layer 200 has a large amount of positive charge; when the strong positive layer 300 is removed, the non-liquid contact surface of the weak positive layer 200 has a large amount of positive charge, thereby generating a positive electric field, which attracts a large amount of negative charges in the liquid to form an inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer; under the combined action of the positive electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, a small amount of positive charges in the liquid are adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of positive charges are freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 has a strong positive charge.

[0071] See also Figure 5 ,like Figure 5 As shown in (a), when the liquid layer 100 and the weak negative layer 500 are in contact with each other, the liquid has a weak positive charge. After the strong negative layer 400 and the non-liquid contact surface of the weak negative layer 500 (i.e., the first solid layer) are in contact and strongly rubbed, a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the non-liquid contact surface of the weak negative layer 500 has a large amount of positive charge; when the strong negative layer 400 is removed, the non-liquid contact surface of the weak negative layer 500 has a large amount of positive charge, thereby generating a positive electric field, which attracts a large amount of negative charges in the liquid to form an inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer; under the combined action of the positive electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, a small amount of positive charges in the liquid are adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of positive charges are freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 has a strong positive charge.

[0072] like Figure 5 As shown in (b), on the basis that the liquid carries a weak positive charge when the liquid layer 100 and the weak negative charge layer 500 are in contact with each other, after the strong positive charge layer 300 contacts the non-liquid contact surface of the weak negative charge layer 500 (i.e., the first solid layer) but no friction occurs, a small amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the non-liquid contact surface of the weak negative charge layer 500 carries a small amount of negative charge; when the strong positive charge layer 300 is removed, the non-liquid contact surface of the weak positive charge layer 200 carries a small amount of negative charge, thereby generating a negative electric field. Under the combined action of the negative electric field and the difference in electronegativity, the small amount of negative charge in the liquid layer 100 constitutes an inner Helmholtz layer. Under the combined action of the negative electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, positive charges equal to the negative charges in the inner Helmholtz layer are adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer, thereby keeping the liquid layer 100 electrically neutral.

[0073] like Figure 5As shown in (c), on the basis that the liquid layer 100 and the weak negative layer 500 are in contact with each other and the liquid has a weak positive charge, after the strong positive layer 300 and the non-liquid contact surface of the weak negative layer 500 (i.e., the first solid layer) are in contact and strongly rubbed, a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the non-liquid contact surface of the weak negative layer 500 has a large amount of negative charge; when the strong positive layer 300 is removed, the non-liquid contact surface of the weak negative layer 500 has a large amount of negative charge, thereby generating a negative electric field, which attracts a large amount of positive charges in the liquid to form an inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer; under the combined action of the negative electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, a small amount of negative charges in the liquid are adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of negative charges are freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 has a strong negative charge.

[0074] Therefore, this embodiment utilizes the position of the bidirectional electric field generated by pre-contact electrification to achieve passive dynamic regulation of the charge distribution in the double electric layer generated when the dielectric solid and liquid come into contact with each other in a non-contact adjustment manner, thereby further achieving dynamic regulation of the charge of the liquid.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] This embodiment provides a method for dynamically adjusting the charge of a liquid, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that a remote control adjustment method is used to apply a quantitative unipolar charge to the side of the first solid layer in contact with the liquid layer.

[0077] See also Figure 6 ,like Figure 6 As shown in (a), on the basis that the liquid layer 100 and the weak positive layer 200 are in contact with each other and the liquid has a weak negative charge, the strong positive layer 300 and the strong negative layer 400 are brought into contact and strongly rubbed, and a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the surface of the strong negative layer 400 has a large amount of negative charge; when the strong negative layer 400 (i.e., the second solid layer) is placed near the weak positive layer 200 (i.e., the first solid layer) but the two are not in contact, the large amount of negative charge on the surface of the strong negative layer 400 will form a negative electric field, which will attract a large amount of positive charge in the liquid to form an inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer; under the combined action of the negative electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, a small amount of negative charge in the liquid is adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of negative charge is freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 has a strong negative charge.

[0078] like Figure 6As shown in (b), on the basis that the liquid carries a weak negative charge when the liquid layer 100 and the weak positive layer 200 are in contact with each other, the strong positive layer 300 and the strong negative layer 400 are brought into contact but without friction, and a small amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the surface of the strong positive layer 300 carries a small amount of positive charge; when the strong positive layer 300 (i.e., the second solid layer) is placed near the weak positive layer 200 (i.e., the first solid layer) but the two are not in contact, the small amount of positive charge on the surface of the strong positive layer 300 will form a positive electric field, and under the combined action of the positive electric field and the difference in electronegativity, the small amount of positive charge in the liquid layer 100 constitutes an inner Helmholtz layer, and under the combined action of the positive electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, negative charges equal to the positive charges in the inner Helmholtz layer are adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer, thereby keeping the liquid layer 100 electrically neutral.

[0079] like Figure 6 As shown in (c), on the basis that the liquid has a weak negative charge when the liquid layer 100 and the weak positive layer 200 are in contact with each other, the strong positive layer 300 and the strong negative layer 400 are brought into contact and strongly rubbed, and a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the surface of the strong positive layer 300 has a large amount of positive charge; when the strong positive layer 300 (i.e., the second solid layer) is placed near the weak positive layer 200 (i.e., the first solid layer) but the two are not in contact, the large amount of positive charge on the surface of the strong positive layer 300 will form a positive electric field, which will attract a large amount of negative charge in the liquid to form an inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer; under the combined action of the positive electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, a small amount of positive charge in the liquid is adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of positive charge is freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 has a strong positive charge.

[0080] See also Figure 7 ,like Figure 7 As shown in (a), on the basis that the liquid has a weak positive charge when the liquid layer 100 and the weak negative charge layer 500 are in contact with each other, the strong positive charge layer 300 and the strong negative charge layer 400 are brought into contact and strongly rubbed, and a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the surface of the strong positive charge layer 300 has a large amount of positive charge; when the strong positive charge layer 300 (i.e., the second solid layer) is placed near the weak negative charge layer 500 (i.e., the first solid layer) but the two are not in contact, the large amount of positive charge on the surface of the strong positive charge layer 300 will form a positive electric field, which will attract a large amount of negative charge in the liquid to form an inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer; under the combined action of the positive electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, a small amount of positive charge in the liquid is adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of positive charge is freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 has a strong positive charge.

[0081] like Figure 7 As shown in (b), on the basis that the liquid has a weak positive charge when the liquid layer 100 and the weak negative charge layer 500 are in contact with each other, the strong positive charge layer 300 and the strong negative charge layer 400 are brought into contact but without friction, and a small amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the surface of the strong negative charge layer 400 has a small amount of negative charge; when the strong negative charge layer 400 (i.e., the second solid layer) is placed near the weak negative charge layer 500 (i.e., the first solid layer) but the two are not in contact, the small amount of negative charge on the surface of the strong negative charge layer 400 will form a negative electric field. Under the combined action of the negative electric field and the electronegativity difference, the small amount of negative charge in the liquid layer 100 constitutes an inner Helmholtz layer. Under the combined action of the negative electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, positive charges equal to the negative charges in the inner Helmholtz layer are adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer, thereby keeping the liquid layer 100 electrically neutral.

[0082] like Figure 7 As shown in (c), on the basis that the liquid has a weak positive charge when the liquid layer 100 and the weak negative charge layer 500 are in contact with each other, the strong positive charge layer 300 and the strong negative charge layer 400 are brought into contact and strongly rubbed, and a large amount of electron transfer occurs between the two, so that the surface of the strong negative charge layer 400 has a large amount of negative charge; when the strong negative charge layer 400 (i.e., the second solid layer) is placed near the weak negative charge layer 500 (i.e., the first solid layer) but the two are not in contact, the large amount of negative charge on the surface of the strong negative charge layer 400 will form a negative electric field, which will attract a large amount of positive charge in the liquid to form an inner Helmholtz layer of the dense layer in the double electric layer; under the combined action of the negative electric field and the inner Helmholtz layer, a small amount of negative charge in the liquid is adsorbed near the inner Helmholtz layer to form an outer Helmholtz layer; based on the principle of electrical neutrality, a large amount of negative charge is freed in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, so that the liquid layer 100 has a strong negative charge.

[0083] Therefore, this embodiment utilizes the position of the bidirectional electric field generated by pre-contact electrification, and can achieve passive dynamic adjustment of the charge distribution in the double electric layer generated when the dielectric solid and liquid come into contact with each other through remote control adjustment, thereby further achieving dynamic adjustment of the charge of the liquid.

[0084] Furthermore, when the liquid layer 100 contacts the weak positive layer 200 or the weak negative layer 500, the inner Helmholtz layer formed on the solid surface is composed of ions and electrons. When it is stimulated by the electric field generated by the strong positive layer 300 and the strong negative layer 400 rubbing against each other and separating from each other, the ions and electrons inside the double layer will be disturbed at the same time, so that the double layer becomes an ion-electron interaction interface, thereby realizing the coupled motion of ions and electrons.

[0085] Example 4

[0086] This embodiment provides a method for transporting ion-containing droplets, which is used to transport ion-containing droplets through the interior of a liquid without ions, comprising the following steps:

[0087] Ion-containing droplets and ion-free droplets are provided, and a delivery target of the ion-containing droplets is specified.

[0088] The charge of the ion-containing droplets is adjusted to be unipolar. The charge of the ion-containing droplets can be adjusted by any one of the dynamic adjustment methods in Examples 1 to 3.

[0089] A targeted electric field with a charge polarity opposite to that of the ion-containing droplets is deployed at the delivery target site, thereby attracting the ion-containing droplets to pass through the ion-free liquid and reach the delivery target site.

[0090] The non-ion-containing liquid may include but is not limited to various non-ion-containing liquid materials such as various oils, fats, and liquid paraffin.

[0091] Specifically, see Figure 8 ,like Figure 8 As shown in (a), when the droplet 600 is dropped onto the surface of the oil layer 700, the two will not coexist as oil and liquid, and the droplet 600 cannot pass through the oil layer; Figure 8 As shown in (b), the strong positive layer 300 and the strong negative layer 400 are rubbed against each other and then separated. The positive electric field generated by the large amount of positive charges on the surface of the strong positive layer 300 is used to adjust the liquid's electrical properties and make it positively charged; since there are no ions in the oil layer 700, it is not affected by the electric field force; the negative electric field generated by the large amount of negative charges on the surface of the strong negative layer 400 is used to attract the positively charged droplets 600 by electrostatic force to make them pass through the oil layer. The same effect can be achieved by exchanging the strong positive layer 300 with the strong negative layer 400.

[0092] Example 5

[0093] This embodiment provides a method for separating a mixed liquid, which is used to separate a mixed liquid formed by mixing an ion-containing liquid and a non-ion-containing liquid. The separation method comprises the following steps:

[0094] The ion-containing liquid in the mixed solution is adjusted to be unipolar. The charge of the ion-containing liquid can be adjusted by the dynamic adjustment method in Example 1.

[0095] A separation electric field with a polarity opposite to that of the ion-containing liquid is set in a target separation direction, thereby attracting and separating the ion-containing liquid in the mixed solution.

[0096] Specifically, see Fig. 9When the liquid droplets 600 and the oil droplets 800 are mixed together, the strong positive layer 300 and the strong negative layer 400 are rubbed against each other and then separated from each other. The positive electric field generated by the large amount of positive charges on the surface of the strong positive layer 300 is used to adjust the liquid's electrical properties and make it positively charged; since there are no ions in the oil droplets 800, they are not affected by the electric field force; the negative electric field generated by the large amount of negative charges on the surface of the strong negative layer 400 uses electrostatic force to attract the positively charged liquid droplets 600 to separate them from the oil droplets, thereby achieving the effect of oil-liquid separation. Exchanging the strong positive layer 300 with the strong negative layer 400 can also achieve the same effect.

[0097] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0098] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for dynamically adjusting the charge of a liquid, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: placing the liquid layer in contact with the first solid layer to form an electrical double layer structure at the solid-liquid contact interface; A certain amount of unipolar charge is applied on the surface of the first solid layer or on the surface of the second solid layer separated from it by contact electrification to construct a passive electric field, and the charge composition of the dense layer in the double electric layer is non-contact dynamically adjusted by the passive electric field, thereby controlling the ratio of the number of free heterogeneous charges in the diffusion layer of the double electric layer, and adjusting the charge of the liquid layer. The adjustment results are as follows: (a) When the amount of free positive charges in the diffusion layer is greater than the amount of negative charges, the liquid layer as a whole exhibits positive charge; (b) when the amount of free positive charges in the diffusion layer is equal to the amount of negative charges, the liquid layer as a whole is electrically neutral; (c) when the amount of free positive charges in the diffusion layer is less than the amount of negative charges, the liquid layer as a whole exhibits negative charge; The second solid layer is arranged on the first solid layer away from the liquid layer, and a predetermined distance is maintained between the first solid layer and the second solid layer, and the quantitative unipolar charge is applied to the side of the second solid layer close to the first solid layer to achieve remote control adjustment.

2. The method for dynamically adjusting the charge of a liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first solid layer is a weakly positive layer or a weakly negative layer; the second solid layer is a strongly positive layer or a strongly negative layer; wherein the electronegativity of the strongly negative layer material is stronger than that of the weakly negative layer material, and the electronegativity of the strongly positive layer material is stronger than that of the weakly positive layer material.

3. The method for dynamically adjusting the charge of a liquid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The materials of the weak negative charge layer and the strong negative charge layer are selected from any two of polytetrafluoroethylene, fluororubber, polyvinyl fluoride, polyimide, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethane rubber, cellulose, polypropylene, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, synthetic fiber, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride and perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer.

4. The method for dynamically adjusting the charge of a liquid according to claim 3, characterized in that: The materials of the weak positive layer and the strong positive layer are selected from any two of polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamine, animal fur, silk and cotton.

5. The method for dynamically adjusting the charge of a liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid material of the liquid layer is any one of deionized water, charged deionized water, lithium chloride aqueous solution, hydrogen chloride aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide solution, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride aqueous solution and organic solution.

6. A method for transporting ion-containing droplets, which is used to transport ion-containing droplets through the interior of a liquid without ions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: providing droplets containing ions and droplets without ions, and specifying a delivery target of the droplets containing ions; The charge of the ion-containing droplets is adjusted to be unipolar; wherein the charge of the ion-containing droplets is adjusted by the dynamic adjustment method according to any one of claims 1 to 5; A targeting electric field with a polarity opposite to that of the ion-containing droplets is deployed at the delivery target site, thereby attracting the ion-containing droplets to pass through the ion-free liquid and reach the delivery target site.

7. A method for separating a mixed liquid, which is used to separate a mixed liquid composed of an ion-containing liquid and a non-ion-containing liquid, characterized in that: The separation method comprises the following steps: The ion-containing liquid in the mixed solution is adjusted to be monopolar; wherein the charge of the ion-containing liquid is adjusted by the dynamic adjustment method according to any one of claims 1 to 5; A separation electric field having a polarity opposite to that of the ion-containing liquid is set in a target separation direction, so as to attract and separate the ion-containing liquid in the mixed solution.

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