An expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an expansive soil slope control type ecological protection structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the ecological protection structure comprises a lattice beam, a grouting anchoring device, a water drainage and storage device, a water collection device and an intelligent control system, all lattice frames of the lattice beam are planted with vegetation, the grouting anchoring device comprises an anchor rod body and an anchoring grouting blade, the water drainage and storage device comprises a water drainage and storage bag, a nozzle, a drainage pipe and a pump, and the intelligent control system comprises a regulator, a pore water pressure sensor, a humidity sensor and at least one fluid pressure sensor. The ecological protection structure of the present invention takes into account the functions of flexible reinforcement, water drainage and storage, swelling reduction, greening and the like, and has the advantages of innovative water collection and drainage, intelligent shallow swelling reduction, self-sufficiency of vegetation irrigation and integrated functional control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of expansive soil slope treatment in geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to an expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the engineering community, expansive soil slopes are recognized as an extremely difficult "engineering cancer" due to their special swelling and shrinking properties. Geotechnical engineering practitioners even say that such slopes "will slide wherever there is a cut and will collapse wherever there is a dam." Expansive soil refers to clay soil that is mainly composed of hydrophilic clay minerals (mainly montmorillonite and illite) with large specific surface areas. When the environmental humidity changes, the expansive soil absorbs water to expand and loses water to shrink, resulting in strong swelling and shrinking deformation.

[0003] Existing studies have shown that the main form of failure of expansive soil slopes is shallow sliding failure. Shallow sliding failure of expansive soil slopes is closely related to the swelling and shrinking characteristics of expansive soil. Expansive soils swell and shrink repeatedly under dry-wet cycles. The soil in the atmospheric influence depth slowly slides and cracks toward the foot of the slope due to the accumulated swelling and shrinking deformation. As the number of soil swelling and shrinking increases, the slope is gradually cracked from bottom to top to form progressive shallow sliding failure. For most expansive soil sliding failure problems, if appropriate treatment measures are not adopted according to the swelling and shrinking characteristics of expansive soils, and the traditional method of treating deep landslides is still used, the engineering workload and investment will inevitably increase significantly, and the treatment effect may not be good, resulting in unnecessary waste. In addition, expansive soils are prone to water loss and shrinkage in a dry environment, resulting in cracks on the surface. The generation of cracks further aggravates the phenomenon of water loss, so the vegetation planted on the expansive soil slopes often faces a severe drought environment, which is extremely unfavorable for the growth of vegetation. Therefore, it is an issue that geotechnical engineering design practitioners must consider to reasonably design slope retaining structures according to the characteristics of expansive soil, minimize the damage to expansive soil slopes, and reduce the degree of damage to national property and people's safety caused by slope instability.

[0004] In the process of implementing the present invention, the inventors found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:

[0005] 1. Poor drainage effect. There are three existing slope drainage technologies: inserting drainage pipes at a negative angle inside the slope to drain internal water; setting up a filter layer behind the support structure to drain internal water and prevent soil loss; setting up geotextiles and drainage ditches on the slope surface to drain surface water. Among them, the drainage pipe technology is prone to cause pipe blockage, and the negative angle insertion method results in a shallow drainage range. Moreover, this traditional drainage technology is passive, unable to adjust the drainage rate, and has weak drainage capacity. The filter layer technology and slope surface drainage technology cannot drain water deep in the slope. Moreover, the above three drainage structures are independent of the slope support structure and need to be designed and constructed separately, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0006] 2. Vegetation irrigation is not self-sufficient. Existing expansive soil slope treatment technology focuses too much on slope drainage and may ignore the irrigation of vegetation on the slope surface, which can easily lead to poor growth or even death of vegetation due to lack of water, and the loss of the slope protection effect of vegetation; even if the importance of vegetation irrigation is understood, it is not combined with the reinforcement structure, which requires the installation of a separate irrigation structure and the transportation of water resources from other areas for irrigation, which reduces the economic efficiency.

[0007] 3. Over-emphasis on structural rigidity, poor reinforcement and expansion reduction effects. Existing expansive soil slope treatment technologies can be divided into rigid support technology and flexible support technology according to structural rigidity and allowable deformation size. Rigid support technologies, such as retaining walls, anti-slide piles, anchor (cable) frame beams, etc., are difficult to take into account the expansion reduction effect while reinforcing the slope, resulting in irreversible damage to the retaining structure under the repeated expansion and contraction deformation and expansion force generated by the expansive soil, deteriorating its mechanical properties, greatly reducing the durability of the structure, and weakening the support capacity of the structure. Flexible support technology can be divided into two types: setting flexible expansion reduction materials such as polystyrene EPS boards, filter layers, etc. behind the rigid support structure, or directly drilling holes into the slope surface to place flexible expansion reduction materials such as sand and soil; setting a more complex expansion reduction and energy dissipation structure on the surface of the slope, such as the adaptive expansion reduction and energy dissipation structure disclosed in the invention patent with patent number 202110767229.8. Among them, the polystyrene EPS board technology and the anti-filter layer technology cannot intelligently match the expansion deformation, resulting in poor expansion reduction effect when the thickness of the expansion reduction material is small, and unable to take into account economic rationality when the thickness is large; the expansion reduction structure used in the expansion reduction and energy dissipation structure technology is relatively complex, and the expansion reduction structure needs to be designed and installed separately, which cannot achieve the purpose of economy.

[0008] 4. Low structural integration rate, complicated construction steps and high project cost. The existing expansive soil slope treatment technology cannot integrate structures or functions such as slope drainage, vegetation irrigation, flexible swelling reduction, and slope support, which not only adds multiple projects and complicates the construction steps, but also increases the project cost. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure, taking into account the functions of flexible reinforcement, water drainage and storage, swelling reduction, greening, etc., so as to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an expansive soil slope control type ecological protection structure, including a lattice beam, a grouting anchor device, a water drainage and storage device, a water collection device and an intelligent control system, wherein the grouting anchor device, the water drainage and storage device, the water collection device and the intelligent control system are configured in multiple; the lattice beam is arranged on the slope surface, and vegetation is planted in the lattice frame of the lattice beam; multiple grouting anchor devices are respectively arranged at the intersections of multiple unit beams of the lattice beam, the grouting anchor device includes an anchor body and anchor grouting blades, the anchor body is anchored in an anchor hole formed in the slope, and a gap is provided between the anchor body and the anchor hole, the anchor grouting blades are provided with multiple layers and are sleeved on the middle section of the anchor body at intervals up and down, and cement mortar is filled between the multiple anchor grouting blades; the water drainage and storage device includes at least one water drainage and storage bag, a nozzle, a drainage pipe and a pump, the at least one water drainage and storage bag is sleeved on the upper section of the anchor body, the nozzle The head is arranged in the corresponding lattice frame, the drainage pipe is arranged on the lattice beam, the pump, the nozzle and the drainage pipe are respectively connected to the at least one drainage and storage bag; the water collecting device includes a filter layer, a pumping head and a water collecting material, the filter layer is arranged around the outer periphery of the lower section of the anchor body, the pumping head and the water collecting material are arranged inside the anchor body, and the pumping head is connected to the pump to extract the accumulated water in the anchor hole; the intelligent control system includes a regulator, a pore water pressure sensor, a humidity sensor and at least one fluid pressure sensor, the pore water pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the anchor body, the at least one fluid pressure sensor is arranged one-to-one in the at least one drainage and storage bag, the humidity sensor is arranged in the expansive soil within the depth range of the atmospheric influence sharp layer, and the regulator is electrically connected to the pore water pressure sensor, the humidity sensor, the at least one fluid pressure sensor and the pump respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the lattice beam comprises a plurality of first unit beams and a plurality of second unit beams, the plurality of first unit beams and the plurality of second unit beams are cross-connected to form a plurality of rhombus-shaped lattice frames, and a mounting hole is provided at the intersection of the plurality of unit beams; an anchor head in contact with the lattice beam is provided at the upper end of the anchor rod body, and the anchor rod body is provided through the mounting hole. The top of the cross section of the first unit beam and the second unit beam is provided with a concave structure for easy drainage.

[0012] Furthermore, the anchor rod body is a hollow circular tube, and the inner cavity of the anchor rod body is divided into two side cavities located on both sides and a middle cavity located between the two side cavities by a partition structure, the side cavities are used to set the water-collecting material, and the middle cavity is used to introduce cement mortar under pressure.

[0013] Furthermore, the side cavity areas of the upper and lower sections of the anchor body are respectively provided with a plurality of water collection holes; and the middle cavity area of ​​the middle section of the anchor body is inserted with a plurality of grouting pipes.

[0014] Furthermore, the filter layer is composed of multiple layers of acrylic cotton and activated carbon, which are densely filled in the gap and are within the range of 0~500mm from the lower end of the anchor body; the pumping head is fixed at the axial position of the lower end of the anchor body; the water collection material is a porous polyvinyl chloride material, which is arranged in the two side cavities of the anchor body below the slope.

[0015] Furthermore, the water drainage and storage device includes three water drainage and storage bags spaced apart vertically, and the water drainage and storage bags are hollow annular cylindrical; an air filling and discharging end and a water filling and discharging end are provided on the inner wall of the water drainage and storage bag; the inner wall of the water drainage and storage bag is in contact with the outer side surface of the anchor rod body, and the outer wall of the water drainage and storage bag is in contact with the hole wall of the anchor rod hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the pump includes 9 water inlets and outlets, which are respectively connected to the nozzle, drain pipe, pumping head and the filling and exhaust ends and the filling and drainage ends of the three drainage water bags; the pump draws water stored in the drainage water bag through the filling and exhaust ends, and simultaneously fills air into the drainage water bag through the filling and exhaust ends to keep the internal pressure of the drainage water bag stable within a set range.

[0017] Furthermore, the anchoring grouting blade comprises a plurality of grouting blade monomers distributed in a circular array with the axis of the anchor rod body as the center axis, the inner ends of the grouting blade monomers being connected to the anchor rod body for up and down rotation via a latch, the outer ends of the grouting blade monomers being provided with barbs, and the central portions of the grouting blade monomers being connected to the anchor rod body via a spring; the anchoring grouting blade can unfold the plurality of grouting blade monomers via the spring, the plurality of grouting blade monomers having no contact with each other when not unfolded, and the plurality of grouting blade monomers being unfolded such that the blades are overlapped by connecting pieces to form a whole.

[0018] Furthermore, the humidity sensor is buried at the intersection of the diagonals of the corresponding lattice frame, with a burial depth of 150-300 mm below the slope surface.

[0019] Furthermore, the vegetation is a drought-resistant and erosion-resistant herb, and the vegetation is transplanted or sown in the lattice frame.

[0020] The present invention also provides a construction method of an expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. Prefabricate the components of the lattice beam and the grouting anchor device in the factory, assemble and debug the prefabricated components of the lattice beam and the grouting anchor device, and then transport the combined structure to the construction site;

[0022] S2. Level the slope surface, remove debris, and build drainage ditches and intercepting ditches at the top and foot of the slope;

[0023] S3. Carry out graded excavation on the slope surface according to the slope height to form a single-level or multi-level slope, with each level of slope not exceeding 5000mm and the slope not exceeding 45%;

[0024] S4. Determine the position of each anchor hole on the slope and drill the holes;

[0025] S5, first inserting the prefabricated grouting anchoring device into the anchor hole to the bottom of the anchor hole, and then pulling it outward to fully expand the anchor grouting blades, and then pressurizing cement mortar through the hollow cavity of the anchor body and the grouting pipe to inject into the gaps in the area where the multiple anchor grouting blades are located;

[0026] S6. After the grouting is completed, prefabricated lattice beams, anchor heads, nozzles and drainage pipes are installed on the slope surface, and humidity sensors are buried in the lattice frames;

[0027] S7. After the cement mortar reaches the predetermined strength, the power supply of the intelligent control system is turned on, and the data feedback from the pore water pressure sensor, the humidity sensor and the fluid pressure sensor are debugged and checked to see whether they are normal. The water storage bag and the pump are manually and actively controlled by the controller to check whether the structure is working normally.

[0028] S8. A construction method of a slope-regulating ecological protection structure for expansive soil by planting vegetation within the lattice frame.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. Innovation in water collection and drainage. Due to the special properties of expansive soil that swells when wet and shrinks when dry, one of the fundamental methods for treating expansive soil slopes is to drain the water in the slopes in time, so that the expansive soil has less or no contact with water, and reduces its adverse engineering properties caused by water, such as volume expansion and reduced shear strength. The water-collecting material designed along the length of the anchor rod in the present invention can collect shallow, medium and deep water inside the expansive soil slope at the lower section of the anchor rod, and quickly discharge or store the water in the drainage and storage bag through the pressure difference created by the pump, so as to avoid water damage to the expansive soil slope; the pore water pressure sensor arranged at the lower end of the anchor rod can accurately reflect the changes in water level, and the pumping rate of the pump can be intelligently adjusted in the range of 0~10L / min according to the changes, ensuring safety and effectiveness while taking into account the economy of water collection and drainage; the drainage structure and the support structure are integrated, and there is no need to design and construct the drainage structure separately, realizing the innovation of water collection and drainage with full-depth drainage, adjustable drainage speed and integrated drainage and protection.

[0031] 2. Intelligent shallow swelling reduction. The second fundamental method for treating expansive soil slopes is to design the support structure to be flexible and swelling-reducing, allowing the expansive soil to produce a certain amount of expansion and contraction deformation, to avoid the destruction of the support structure due to the huge expansion force generated when the expansive soil swells when wet, and the loss of the necessary support capacity when it shrinks when dry. The drainage and storage water bag designed by the present invention can not only serve as a water storage structure, but also as a swelling reduction structure. The volume and internal pressure of the water bag can be adjusted by the supply and discharge of water and air; the fluid pressure sensor arranged in the drainage and storage water bag can accurately feedback the pressure in the bag, and the swelling reduction effect can be intelligently regulated; according to the depth of the atmospheric impact sharp layer of the expansive soil slope, the drainage and storage water bag is arranged in the area where the cyclic swelling and contraction deformation of the expansive soil is significant, and it is designed to be three, and the volume and internal pressure of the water bag are adjusted according to the swelling and contraction deformation at different depths. The three drainage and storage water bags operate independently and do not affect each other. Even if one of the water-draining bags is damaged, it will not interfere with the operation of the other two water-draining bags. The damage condition of a certain row of water-draining bags can also be timely known through the feedback data of the fluid pressure sensor: if the pump continues to fill air or water into a certain row of water-draining bags and the internal pressure remains unchanged, it can be determined that the water-draining bag is damaged. The water-draining bag can also be used as a swelling reduction structure. The water-draining bag and the anchor support structure are integrated. There is no need to design and install a swelling reduction structure separately, which realizes the intelligent control of the effect, the non-interference of the operation of the devices, and the integration of swelling reduction and reinforcement.

[0032] 3. Self-sufficiency in vegetation irrigation. In order to reduce the damage caused by water loss and shrinkage of expansive soil, resulting in cracks on the slope surface and deterioration of the vegetation growth environment, the surface layer of the expansive soil slope should pay great attention to maintaining a relatively stable humidity to prevent the undesirable phenomenon of cracking due to drought. The present invention takes into account the reinforcement, swelling reduction, greening and vegetation irrigation of the expansive soil slope. The vegetation is coordinated with the natural ecological landscape around the slope, and the water resources in the area where the slope is located are fully utilized to achieve the purpose of self-sufficiency. The accumulated water collected by the water collection device can be transported by a pump to a drain pipe, a nozzle or a drainage and storage bag. When the soil moisture content increases to 30% in the rainy season, the accumulated water is stored in the drainage and storage bag until it is full. After it is full, the accumulated water is directly discharged from the drainage pipe; when the soil moisture content decreases to 17% in the dry season, the water is discharged from the sprinkler to irrigate the vegetation on the slope surface. If the accumulated water is insufficient, the water stored in the drainage and storage bag is used for irrigation, ensuring the stability of soil moisture, shallow reinforcement of the root system, deep anchoring of the anchor rods, sufficient water in small droughts, and self-sufficient vegetation irrigation.

[0033] 4. Integrated function control. In summary, the present invention realizes the following functions: full-depth drainage, adjustable drainage speed, intelligent control of swelling reduction effect, independent operation of swelling reduction devices, shallow root reinforcement, deep anchor bolt anchoring, sufficient water for small droughts, and sufficient water for large droughts. The effect of organically integrating the structures of water collection, water storage, drainage, irrigation, swelling reduction, reinforcement, grouting, and anchoring of the expansive soil slope is achieved, which greatly simplifies the construction steps and effectively saves the manpower, material resources, and financial resources required for the treatment of the expansive soil slope.

[0034] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific implementations, they are used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 2 is a schematic side view of the structure of the expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the grouting anchoring device of an embodiment of the present invention cooperating with a water drainage and storage device, a water collection device, an intelligent control system and an anchor hole;

[0039] Figure 4 The embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 The structure diagram at the center M is enlarged;

[0040] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an anchor rod body in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 The embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of middle II;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cooperation between the lattice beam and the anchor head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the anchoring slurry-isolating blade (in the unfolded state) and the anchor rod body in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig. 9 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a grouting anchoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.10 is a block diagram of an intelligent control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Among them, 1-lattice beam, 1.1-lattice frame, 2-vegetation, 3-anchor head, 4-anchor body, 5-anchoring grouting blade, 6-anchor hole, 7-cement mortar, 8-drainage and water storage bag, 8a-air filling and exhaust end, 8b-water filling and drainage end, 9-nozzle, 10-drainage pipe, 11-pump, 12-filter layer, 13-pumping head, 14-water collection material, 15-water accumulation, 16-regulator, 17-pore water pressure sensor, 18-humidity sensor, 19-fluid pressure sensor, 20-gap, 21-water collection hole, 22-grouting pipe, 23-drainage ditch, 24-intercepting ditch, 25-spring, 26-barb, 27-pin, 28-transmission piece, 29-soil, A-grouting anchor device, B-drainage and water storage device, C-water collection device, D-intelligent control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0048] See also Figures 1 to 10 This embodiment provides an expansive soil slope control ecological protection structure, including a lattice beam 1, a grouting anchor device A, a drainage and storage device B, a water collection device C and an intelligent control system D, wherein the grouting anchor device, the drainage and storage device, the water collection device and the intelligent control system are configured in multiples; the specific structure is as follows:

[0049] The lattice beam 1 is arranged on the surface of the slope, and drainage ditches 23 are arranged on the slopes at the sides and bottom of the lattice beam 1, and a water intercepting ditch 24 is arranged on the top of the slope. The lattice beam 1 includes a plurality of first unit beams and a plurality of second unit beams, which are cross-connected to form a plurality of rhombus-shaped lattice frames 1.1, and vegetation 2 is planted in each lattice frame 1.1 of the lattice beam, and installation holes are provided at the intersections of the plurality of unit beams. The tops of the cross sections of the first unit beams and the second unit beams are concave downward to form drainage grooves for drainage; and all unit beams are reinforced along the entire length to increase the strength of the lattice beam. The vegetation 2 is a drought-resistant and erosion-resistant herb, which is planted by transplanting or sowing, and preferably herbaceous plants such as ryegrass, vetiver or Cynodon dactylon.

[0050] Multiple grouting anchoring devices A are respectively arranged at the mounting holes at the intersections of multiple unit beams of the lattice beam 1. Each grouting anchoring device A includes an anchor head 3, an anchor rod body 4 and an anchoring grouting blade 5. The anchor head 3 and the anchor rod body 4 are both made of steel. The anchor head 3 is welded to the upper end of the anchor rod body 4 and contacts the lattice beam 1 to form an interlocking structure. Figure 5As shown, the anchor body is a hollow steel pipe, and the inner cavity of the anchor body is divided into two side cavities on both sides and a middle cavity between the two side cavities by a separator; that is, the circular cross-section of the anchor body is divided into three areas by the steel sheet, wherein the areas symmetrical on both sides are the side cavities, and the area in the center is the middle cavity. The upper end of the anchor body 4 is provided with a mounting hole, and the anchor body 4 is anchored in the anchor hole 6 formed in the slope, and a gap 20 is left between the anchor body 4 and the anchor hole 6. The length of the anchor body needs to be determined according to factors such as the slope grade and the depth of the potential sliding surface, and the length should not be less than 6000mm. The potential sliding surface depth of the expansive soil slope is basically consistent with the atmospheric influence depth. The atmospheric influence depth given in the Technical Specification for Construction in Expansive Soil Areas GB50112-2013 is within the area from the slope surface to 3000~5000mm. The grouting anchor device A can play a sufficient reinforcement function when it enters about 2000mm below the potential sliding surface. If the anchor rod body is too short, the stability of the slope cannot be improved. Increasing the length of the anchor rod body can effectively improve the stability of the slope. However, when the anchor rod body is too long, the effect on improving the stability of the slope is not obvious, and it will increase the project cost and construction difficulty. Therefore, it is preferred that the length of the anchor rod body is controlled within the range of 6000~8000mm, the inner diameter of the cross-section of the anchor rod body is 55mm and the outer diameter is 60mm; the side cavity is the space for inserting the water-collecting material 14, with a thickness of 15mm; the middle cavity is the cement mortar pressurized introduction space, with a thickness of 30mm.

[0051] The anchoring grouting blades 5 are configured in multiple layers, and are sleeved in the middle section of the anchor body 4 at intervals from top to bottom; cement mortar 7 is filled in the anchor hole 6 and between the multiple layers of anchoring grouting blades 5. The anchoring grouting blades 5 include multiple grouting blade monomers distributed in a circular array with the axis of the anchor body as the central axis, the inner ends of the grouting blade monomers are connected to the anchor body 4 for vertical rotation through the latch 27, the outer ends of the grouting blade monomers are provided with barbs 26, and the central parts of the grouting blade monomers are connected to the anchor body 4 through springs 25. Preferably, the anchoring grouting blades include 8 grouting blade monomers, and the angle between two adjacent grouting blade monomers is 45°; the spacing between two layers of anchoring grouting blades 5 adjacent to each other is 400mm. Several water collection holes 21 are respectively provided in the side cavity areas of the upper section of the anchor body (the area where the drainage and storage bag 8 is provided) and the lower section (the area where the filter layer 12 is provided), and no water collection holes 21 are provided in other areas; preferably, the water collection holes are round holes, and multiple water collection holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape; more preferably, the hole spacing of the water collection holes is 8mm and the hole diameter is 4mm. Several grouting pipes 22 are inserted in the middle cavity area of ​​the middle section of the anchor body (the area where the anchoring grouting blades are provided), and no grouting pipes are provided in other areas; the grouting pipes are used to introduce cement mortar 7 between multiple anchoring grouting blades 5; preferably, the several grouting pipes are arranged obliquely from top to bottom along the direction from inside to outside of the anchor body.

[0052] When the anchor rod body 4 is inserted into the anchor rod hole 6, the multiple grouting blade monomers of the anchoring grouting blade 5 are pressed against the rod wall of the anchor rod body 4 by the force of the soil 29, and the spring 25 generates thrust due to compression. When the lower end of the anchor rod body 4 reaches the bottom of the anchor rod hole 6 and is pulled in the opposite direction, the barbs 26 at the outer ends of the grouting blade monomers are embedded in the soil around the wall of the anchor rod hole 6, and the grouting blade monomers of the anchoring grouting blade 5 are rotated around the pin 27 by the force of the soil and unfolded, and the angle between the pointing direction of the grouting blade monomer and the axial direction of the anchor rod body increases. After unfolding, the multiple grouting blade monomers are overlapped by the transfer piece 28 to form a whole. After the anchoring grouting blade 5 is fully unfolded, the cement mortar 7 is pressurized and introduced into the gap 20 in the area where the multiple anchoring grouting blades are located through the middle cavity of the anchor rod body 4 and the grouting pipe 22. Since multiple mortar-isolating blade monomers are connected into a whole by a transmission piece, cement mortar 7 cannot penetrate the anchoring mortar-isolating blade layer to reach the drainage and storage water bag 8 and the filter layer 12. The drainage and storage device A includes three drainage and storage water bags 8, a nozzle 9, a drainage pipe 10 and a pump 11. The three drainage and storage water bags 8 are sleeved on the upper section of the anchor body at intervals. The drainage and storage water bag 8 is a hollow annular cylindrical shape made of elastic-plastic silicone material with good durability and toughness; the inner diameter of the drainage and storage water bag is preferably 60mm and the outer diameter is 150mm. The interior of the drainage and storage water bag is a cavity with a wall thickness of 4mm and a maximum pressure resistance of 150kPa. The inner side wall of the drainage and storage water bag 8 is provided with an air filling and exhaust end 8a and a water filling and exhaust end 8b; the inner side wall of the drainage and storage water bag 8 is in contact with the outer side surface of the anchor body 4, and the outer side wall of the drainage and storage water bag 8 is in contact with the hole wall of the anchor hole 6. The nozzle 9 is arranged in the corresponding lattice frame 1.1. The diameter of the spraying coverage range of the nozzle 9 should be determined according to the arrangement of the grouting anchor device A, and should be 200mm larger than the spacing of the grouting anchor device A to ensure that the irrigation range completely covers the vegetation 2 on the slope surface. The drainage outlet of the drainage pipe 10 is arranged in the drainage groove of the lattice beam to facilitate drainage. The delivery flow range of the pump 11 is 0~10L / min. The pump 11 has a total of 9 inlets and outlets, which are respectively connected to the nozzle 9, the drainage pipe 10, the pumping head 13 and the filling and exhaust ends 8a and the filling and drainage ends 8b of the three drainage and storage water bags 8 through water pipes. The drainage and storage water bag 8 serves as both a water storage structure and a swelling reduction structure. The pump 11 controls the volume and internal pressure of the drainage and storage water bag 8 through the filling and exhaust ends 8a and the filling and drainage ends 8b, respectively, to achieve flexible swelling reduction of the expansive soil within the depth range of the atmospheric influence sharp layer. The total height of the three drainage and water storage bags is consistent with the depth of the local atmospheric impact sharp layer, ranging from 1350 to 2250 mm below the slope surface.

[0053] The water collection device C includes a filter layer 12, a pumping head 13 and a water collection material 14. The filter layer 12 is arranged around the outer periphery of the lower section of the anchor body 4, and the pumping head 13 and the water collection material 14 are arranged inside the anchor body 4. The pumping head 13 is connected to the pump 11 and is used to extract the accumulated water 15 in the anchor hole 6. The filter layer 12 is composed of multiple layers of acrylic cotton and activated carbon, which are densely filled in the gap within the range of 0 to 500 mm from the lower end surface of the anchor body 4, that is, the height of the filter layer is preferably 500 mm; the filter layer filters particles with a particle size of 0.1 mm or more, and the accumulated water 17 filtered by the filter layer 14 is pumped out by the pump 11. The pumping head 13 is fixed at the axial position of the lower end of the anchor body 4. The water-collecting material 14 is a porous polyvinyl chloride material, and its entire length is arranged in the two side cavities of the anchor body 4 below the slope surface; the porous structure of the water-collecting material 14 provides a channel for rapid transfer of moisture, and can collect shallow, medium and deep moisture inside the expansive soil slope into the anchor hole 6 at the bottom of the anchor body 4, and form accumulated water 15.

[0054] See also Fig.10 The intelligent control system D includes a regulator 16, a pore water pressure sensor 17, a humidity sensor 18 and three fluid pressure sensors 19. The regulator 16 is electrically connected to the pore water pressure sensor 17, the humidity sensor 18, the three fluid pressure sensors 19 and the pump 11. The positions of the pump 11 and the regulator 16 can be set according to needs. The pore water pressure sensor 17 is arranged at the bottom of the anchor body to monitor the water level at the lower end of the anchor body. The three fluid pressure sensors 19 are arranged in three drainage and storage bags 8 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the three fluid pressure sensors 19 are respectively connected to the inner walls of the three drainage and storage bags 8. The three fluid pressure sensors 19 respectively monitor the pressure of the air and water at the corresponding positions in the three drainage and storage bags 8.

[0055] The humidity sensor 18 is set in the expansive soil within the depth range of the atmospheric impact layer to monitor the soil moisture at the corresponding position; specifically, the humidity sensor is buried at the intersection of the diagonals of the corresponding lattice frame 1.1, with a burial depth of 150~300mm below the slope surface, and the preferred depth is 200mm below the slope surface. The feedback data of the humidity sensor 18 adopts the soil quality humidity index, with a measurement range of 0~100%, and a normal data range of 17%~30%. The feedback data of the pore water pressure sensor 17 needs to be calculated and corrected to display the depth of the water level from the pumping head 13, and the normal data range is 10~400mm. The measurement range of the fluid pressure sensor 18 is 0~150kPa, and the normal data range is 10~120kPa. The specific setting value is further determined by the burial depth of the corresponding drainage and storage bag 8 and the expansion and contraction of the soil 29.

[0056] The controller 16 controls the drainage and storage device B and the water collection device C according to the information fed back by the above sensors. When the soil moisture is less than 17%, the controller 16 commands the pump 11 to extract the accumulated water 15 and transport it to the nozzle 9 to irrigate the vegetation 2. If the accumulated water 15 is insufficient, that is, the feedback data of the pore water pressure sensor 17 shows that the water level is less than 10mm, the pump 11 extracts the water stored in the drainage and storage bag 8 through the filling and drainage end 8a, and at the same time fills the drainage and storage bag 8 with air through the filling and exhaust end 8b to keep its internal pressure stable within the set range. Irrigate the vegetation 2 until the soil moisture reaches 20%, or the stored water is drained. When the soil moisture is greater than 30% or the feedback data of the pore water pressure sensor 17 shows that the depth of the accumulated water level is greater than 400mm, the controller 16 commands the pump 11 to extract the accumulated water 15 and store it in the drainage and storage bag 8, and at the same time extract the air in the drainage and storage bag 8 through the filling and exhaust end 8b to keep its internal pressure stable within the set range. When the drainage and storage bag 8 is full, the pump 11 directly drains water to the groove of the lattice beam 1 through the drainage pipe 10 until the soil moisture is less than 30% or the feedback data of the pore water pressure sensor 17 shows that the depth of the accumulated water level is less than 10mm. In this way, shallow reinforcement, deep anchoring, sufficient water for small droughts, and water for large droughts are ensured to be self-sufficient in vegetation irrigation.

[0057] The present invention also provides a construction method of the above-mentioned expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure, which is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

[0058] S1. Prefabricate components in the factory, assemble and debug the prefabricated components, and then transport the combined structure to the construction site;

[0059] S2. Level the slope surface, remove debris, and build drainage ditches and intercepting ditches at the top and foot of the slope;

[0060] S3. Carry out graded excavation on the slope surface according to the slope height to form a single-level or multi-level slope, with each level of slope not exceeding 5000mm and the slope not exceeding 45%;

[0061] S4, determining the position of each anchor hole 6 on the slope and drilling;

[0062] S5, first insert the prefabricated grouting anchor device A into the anchor hole 6 to the bottom of the anchor hole 6, then pull it outwards to fully expand the anchoring grouting blades 5, and then pressurize the cement mortar 7 through the hollow cavity of the anchor body 4 and the grouting pipe 22 to inject it into the gaps 20 in the area where the multiple anchoring grouting blades 5 are located;

[0063] S6, after the cement mortar 7 is grouted, the prefabricated lattice beam 1, the anchor head 3, the nozzle 9 and the drain pipe 10 are installed on the slope surface, and the humidity sensor 18 is buried in the lattice frame 1.1 of the lattice beam 1;

[0064] S7, after the cement mortar 7 reaches the predetermined strength, the power supply of the intelligent control system D is turned on, and the data fed back by the pore water pressure sensor 17, the humidity sensor 18 and the fluid pressure sensor 19 are debugged and checked to see whether they are normal, and the water storage bag 8 and the pump 11 are manually and actively controlled by the regulator 16 to check whether the structure is working normally;

[0065] S8, planting or transplanting vegetation 2 in all lattice frames 1.1, thereby completing the construction of the expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure. This method actively realizes the intelligent regulation function of drainage and swelling reduction in rainy season and water retention and reinforcement in dry season by setting the expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure, and realizes the purpose of troubleshooting and repairing the structure by checking the data fed back by the pore water pressure sensor 17, the humidity sensor 18 and the fluid pressure sensor 19.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a lattice beam (1), a grouting anchor device (A), a water drainage and storage device (B), a water collection device (C) and an intelligent control system (D), wherein the grouting anchor device, the water drainage and storage device, the water collection device and the intelligent control system are configured in multiple numbers; the lattice beam is arranged on the surface of the slope, and vegetation (2) is planted in the lattice frame (1.1) of the lattice beam; the multiple grouting anchor devices are respectively arranged at the intersection points of multiple unit beams of the lattice beam, and the grouting anchor device comprises an anchor rod body (4) and an anchoring grouting blade (5), the anchor rod body is anchored in an anchor rod hole (6) formed in the slope, and the anchor rod body is connected to the anchor rod hole (6) of the slope. Gaps (20) are provided between the anchor holes, the anchoring mortar-isolating blades are provided in multiple layers and are sleeved on the middle section of the anchor body at intervals up and down, and cement mortar (7) is filled between the multiple anchoring mortar-isolating blades; the water drainage and storage device comprises at least one water drainage and storage bag (8), a nozzle (9), a drainage pipe (10) and a pump (11); the at least one water drainage and storage bag is sleeved on the upper section of the anchor body, the nozzle is provided in the corresponding lattice frame, the drainage port of the drainage pipe is provided on the lattice beam, and the pump, the nozzle and the drainage pipe are respectively connected to the at least one water drainage and storage bag; the water collection device comprises a filter layer (12), a pumping head (13) and a water collecting material (14), the filter layer is arranged around the outer periphery of the lower section of the anchor body, the pumping head and the water collecting material are arranged inside the anchor body, the pumping head is connected to the pump machine and is used to extract the accumulated water (15) in the anchor hole; the intelligent control system includes a regulator (16), a pore water pressure sensor (17), a humidity sensor (18) and at least one fluid pressure sensor (19), the pore water pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the anchor body, the at least one fluid pressure sensor is arranged one-to-one in the at least one drainage and storage bag, and the humidity sensor The sensor is arranged in the expansive soil within the depth range of the atmosphere-affected layer, and the regulator is electrically connected to the pore water pressure sensor, the humidity sensor, the at least one fluid pressure sensor and the pump respectively; the anchor rod body is a hollow circular tube, and the inner cavity of the anchor rod body is divided into two side cavities located on both sides and a middle cavity located between the two side cavities by a partition structure, the side cavity is used to arrange the water collection material, and the middle cavity is used to introduce cement mortar under pressure; the side cavity areas of the upper and lower sections of the anchor rod body are respectively provided with a plurality of water collection holes (21); and the middle cavity area of ​​the middle section of the anchor rod body is inserted with a plurality of grouting pipes (22).

2. The ecological protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lattice beam comprises a plurality of first unit beams and a plurality of second unit beams, wherein the plurality of first unit beams and the plurality of second unit beams are cross-connected to form a plurality of rhombus-shaped lattice frames (1.1), and mounting holes are provided at the intersections of the unit beams; an anchor head (3) in contact with the lattice beam is provided at the upper end of the anchor rod body, and the anchor rod body is arranged to pass through the mounting hole.

3. The ecological protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter layer is composed of multiple layers of acrylic cotton and activated carbon. The filter layer is densely filled in the gap and is within the range of 0~500mm from the lower end of the anchor body; the pumping head is fixed at the axial position of the lower end of the anchor body; the water collection material is a porous polyvinyl chloride material, which is arranged in the two side cavities of the anchor body below the slope.

4. The ecological protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water drainage and storage device comprises three water drainage and storage bags (8) spaced apart from each other in an upper and lower direction, wherein the water drainage and storage bags are in the shape of a hollow annular cylinder; an air filling and air filling end and a water filling and water filling end are provided on the inner side wall of the water drainage and storage bag; the inner side wall of the water drainage and storage bag contacts the outer side surface of the anchor rod body, and the outer side wall of the water drainage and storage bag contacts the hole wall of the anchor rod hole.

5. The ecological protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pump includes 9 water inlets and outlets, which are respectively connected to the nozzle, drain pipe, pumping head and the filling and exhaust ends and the filling and drainage ends of the three drainage water storage bags; the pump draws water stored in the drainage water storage bag through the filling and exhaust ends, and simultaneously fills air into the drainage water storage bag through the filling and exhaust ends to keep the internal pressure of the drainage water storage bag stable within a set range.

6. The ecological protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring grouting blade comprises a plurality of grouting blade monomers distributed in a circular array with the axis of the anchor rod body as the central axis, the inner ends of the grouting blade monomers being connected to the anchor rod body for vertical rotation via a latch, the outer ends of the grouting blade monomers being provided with barbs (26), the central portions of the grouting blade monomers being connected to the anchor rod body via a spring (25); the anchoring grouting blade can unfold the plurality of grouting blade monomers via the spring, the plurality of grouting blade monomers having no contact with each other when not unfolded, and the plurality of grouting blade monomers being overlapped by transfer plates (28) to form a whole after being unfolded.

7. The ecological protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidity sensor is buried at the intersection of the diagonals of the corresponding lattice frame (1.1) at a depth of 150 to 300 mm below the slope surface.

8. A construction method of the expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: S1, prefabricating the components of the lattice beam (1) and the grouting anchor device in a factory, assembling and debugging the prefabricated components of the lattice beam (1) and the grouting anchor device, and then transporting the combined structure to the construction site; S2. Level the slope surface, remove debris, and build drainage ditches and intercepting ditches at the top and foot of the slope; S3. Carry out graded excavation on the slope surface according to the slope height to form a single-level or multi-level slope, with each level of slope not exceeding 5000mm and the slope not exceeding 45%; S4, determining the position of each anchor hole (6) on the slope and drilling the holes; S5, first inserting a prefabricated grouting anchoring device into the anchor hole to the bottom of the anchor hole, then pulling it outwards to fully expand the anchoring grouting blades (5), and then pressurizing cement mortar (7) through the hollow cavity of the anchor body (4) and the grouting pipe (22) to inject into the gaps (20) in the area where the plurality of anchoring grouting blades (5) are located; S6. After the grouting is completed, the prefabricated lattice beam (1), anchor head (3), nozzle (9) and drainage pipe (10) are installed on the slope surface, and a humidity sensor (18) is buried in the lattice frame (1.1); S7, after the cement mortar reaches a predetermined strength, the power supply of the intelligent control system (D) is turned on, and the data fed back by the pore water pressure sensor (17), the humidity sensor (18) and the fluid pressure sensor (19) are debugged and checked to see whether they are normal, and the water storage bag (8) and the pump (11) are manually and actively controlled by the controller (16) to check whether the structure is working normally; S8. Planting vegetation (2) in the lattice frame (1.1) to complete the construction of the expansive soil slope regulating ecological protection structure.

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