A cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width

Abstract

The present application provides a cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width, which is used for independent control of beam width and improving antenna gain. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width includes a radiating unit, a reflective base plate, a metal enclosure, a first reflective surface and a main radiating cavity, wherein the radiating unit is placed on the reflective base plate and below the first reflective surface, the reflective base plate is rectangular, the reflective base plate length of the reflective base plate is greater than the reflective base plate width of the reflective base plate, the metal enclosure is connected to the reflective base plate in a surrounding manner, and the metal enclosure includes four enclosure surfaces, the four enclosure surfaces include two first enclosure surfaces and two second enclosure surfaces, the first enclosure surface is electrically connected to the long side of the reflective base plate, the second enclosure surface is electrically connected to the short side of the reflective base plate, the two ends of the first reflective surface are electrically connected to the two first enclosure surfaces of the metal enclosure, the first reflective surface is a secondary reflective surface and / or a partial reflective surface, the reflective base plate and the metal enclosure constitute a main radiating cavity, and the main radiating cavity is divided into a plurality of secondary radiating cavities by the first reflective surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and in particular to a cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width. Background Art

[0002] If the antenna unit needs to achieve a narrower beam and higher gain under the effect of the reflective base, an array is usually used to achieve this. However, the feed network of the array design with multiple elements is more complicated and the cost is higher.

[0003] At present, if the beam width of a single antenna unit is narrow, the spacing between antenna elements can be increased, the number of antenna array elements of the same length can be reduced, and the feeding network can be simplified. For example, in the design of a cavity-backed antenna with a height of 0.35 wavelengths and less than 0.5 wavelengths, it can be composed of a square cavity-backed antenna and a symmetrical array radiation source, and the H-shaped dielectric rod above is used to fix the symmetrical array and the square frame.

[0004] However, since the radiation back cavity of the large line is a symmetrical structure, the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are basically the same. Therefore, the horizontal plane beam width and the vertical plane beam width change simultaneously under the 45-degree polarization state, and it is difficult to control the horizontal plane beam width and the vertical plane beam width separately. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width. Since the reflective bottom plate is rectangular, and the reflective bottom plate and the metal frame form a main radiation cavity, that is, the main radiation cavity of the antenna is not a symmetrical structure, the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are inconsistent, so that the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width can be controlled separately under the polarization state. Secondly, the asymmetric main radiation cavity is divided into multiple secondary radiation cavities through the first reflection surface, which can achieve uniform distribution of the electric field, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width is provided, and the cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width includes a radiation unit, a reflective bottom plate, a metal frame, a first reflective surface, and a main radiation cavity. The radiation unit is placed on the reflective bottom plate and below the first reflective surface, and the reflective bottom plate is rectangular, and the reflective bottom plate length of the reflective bottom plate is greater than the reflective bottom plate width of the reflective bottom plate. Secondly, the metal frame is connected to the reflective bottom plate in a surrounding manner, and the metal frame includes four frame surfaces, wherein the four frame surfaces include two first frame surfaces and two second frame surfaces, the first frame surface is electrically connected to the long side of the reflective bottom plate, the second frame surface is electrically connected to the short side of the reflective bottom plate, and the two ends of the first reflective surface are electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces of the metal frame, the first reflective surface is a secondary reflective surface, a partial reflective surface, or a secondary reflective surface and a partial reflective surface, and the reflective bottom plate and the metal frame constitute a main radiation cavity, and the main radiation cavity is divided into a plurality of secondary radiation cavities by the first reflective surface.

[0007] In this embodiment, since the reflective base plate is rectangular and the reflective base plate and the metal frame constitute the main radiation cavity, the main radiation cavity of the antenna is not a symmetrical structure, so the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are inconsistent, so that the horizontal plane beam width and the vertical plane beam width can be controlled separately under the polarization state. Secondly, the asymmetric main radiation cavity is divided into multiple secondary radiation cavities through the first reflection surface, which can achieve uniform distribution of the electric field, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0008] In an optional implementation manner of the present application, the distance between the center point of the radiation unit and the center point of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 0 to 0.1 wavelength, where the wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point in the working frequency band.

[0009] In this implementation, there is an offset between the center point of the radiation unit and the center point of the reflective bottom plate within a certain range, which can improve the feasibility and flexibility of this solution.

[0010] In an optional implementation of the present application, the distance between the reflective bottom plate and the first reflective surface ranges from 0.3 wavelengths to 0.6 wavelengths.

[0011] In this implementation, the reflection range of the first reflection surface can be controlled by using different distances between the reflection bottom plate and the first reflection surface, thereby improving the flexibility of this solution.

[0012] In an optional implementation manner of the present application, the angle between the metal frame and the reflective bottom plate ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees.

[0013] In this implementation, there may be a certain angle between the metal frame and the reflective bottom plate. When the angle is within the angle range, the high gain of the antenna can be guaranteed and the flexibility of the solution can be improved.

[0014] In an optional implementation of the present application, the first reflective surface is a sub-reflective surface or a partial reflective surface, the reflection coefficient of the partial reflective surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9, and the height of the metal frame ranges from 0.3 wavelengths to 0.7 wavelengths.

[0015] In this implementation, when the first reflecting surface is a secondary reflecting surface or a partial reflecting surface, the height range of the metal frame can ensure the improvement of the large line gain, thereby improving the feasibility of this solution.

[0016] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the width range of the central area of ​​the secondary reflection surface or the partial reflection surface is 0.1 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength, the central area is located in the upper area of ​​the radiation unit, the offset between the upper area and the center point of the radiation unit is 0 to 0.1 wavelength, and the connection range of the electrical connection area at both ends of the secondary reflection surface or the partial reflection surface corresponding to the two first frame surfaces of the metal frame is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.6 wavelength.

[0017] In this embodiment, the specific shape of the secondary reflection surface is not limited, and because the central area is located above the radiation unit, the secondary reflection surface or the partial reflection surface can divide the main radiation cavity into multiple secondary radiation cavities, thereby improving the flexibility of this solution while meeting the high gain requirement.

[0018] In an optional implementation of the present application, the length of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the width of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.

[0019] In this implementation, the vertical beam width can be controlled by varying the length range of the reflective bottom plate, thereby achieving independent control of the vertical beam width, thereby improving the feasibility of this solution.

[0020] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the first reflecting surface is composed of two sub-reflecting surfaces and a partial reflecting surface, the reflection coefficient of the partial reflecting surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9, and the partial reflecting surface is electrically connected to the two sub-reflecting surfaces respectively, and there is no connection between the two sub-reflecting surfaces.

[0021] In this embodiment, the first reflecting surface divides the asymmetric main radiation cavity into three secondary radiation cavities through the first reflecting surface, and the number of secondary radiation cavities is increased, thereby further making the electric field evenly distributed, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0022] In an optional implementation of the present application, the height of the metal frame ranges from 0.3 wavelengths to 0.7 wavelengths.

[0023] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the connection range of the electrical connection area where the partial reflective surface is electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces of the metal frame is in the range of 0 to 0.7 wavelengths, and the connection range of the electrical connection area where the secondary reflective surface is electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces of the metal frame is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25 wavelengths.

[0024] In this embodiment, when the first reflecting surface is composed of two sub-reflecting surfaces and a partial reflecting surface, the size ranges corresponding to the sub-reflecting surfaces and the partial reflecting surface are specifically limited, thereby ensuring the improvement of antenna gain and improving the feasibility of this solution.

[0025] In an optional implementation of the present application, the length of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 1.5 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the width of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.

[0026] In this implementation, since the main radiation cavity of the antenna is not a symmetrical structure, the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are inconsistent, so the horizontal plane beam width and the vertical plane beam width can be controlled separately under the polarization state.

[0027] Through the technical solution provided in the present application, since the main radiation cavity of the antenna is not a symmetrical structure, the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are inconsistent, so that the horizontal plane beam width and the vertical plane beam width can be controlled separately under the polarization state. Secondly, the asymmetric main radiation cavity is divided into multiple secondary radiation cavities through the first reflection surface, which can achieve uniform distribution of the electric field, thereby improving the antenna gain. Thirdly, the horizontal and vertical plane beam widths of multiple traditional antenna units can be achieved through a single antenna unit, thereby simplifying the feeding network of the array and reducing the array cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the base station antenna feed system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a base station antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is another structural schematic diagram of the cavity-backed line with controllable beam width in the embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 This is another structural schematic diagram of the cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 6 This is another structural schematic diagram of the cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0035] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0036] In order to better understand the beam width controllable cavity-backed antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, the system architecture of the base station antenna feed system used in the embodiment of the present invention is described below. The base station antenna feed system is usually composed of a base station antenna, a base station feeder, a pole, an antenna adjustment bracket, etc. In order to more specifically understand the base station antenna feed system used in the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of a base station antenna feed system in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, A11 and A12 indicate an antenna adjustment bracket, A2 indicates a pole, A3 indicates an antenna, A41 and A42 indicate a joint seal, A51, A52 and A53 indicate a grounding device. Therefore, the base station antenna feed system can be composed of an antenna adjustment bracket, a pole, an antenna, a joint seal and a grounding device, wherein the joint seal can be an insulating sealing tape or a PVC insulating tape, which is not limited to the specific embodiment of the present application.

[0037] For a more detailed understanding of the antenna architecture in the base station antenna feed system, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the base station antenna in the embodiment of the application. As shown in the figure, B1 indicates a radiation unit, B2 indicates a reflector, B3 indicates a transmission network or a calibration network, B4 indicates a phase shift network, B5 indicates a combiner or a filter, and B6 indicates an antenna connector. Therefore, the base station antenna contains at least one independent array composed of a radiation unit B1 and a reflector B2, wherein the frequency of the radiation unit B1 can be the same or different, which is not specifically limited here, and the radiation unit B1 is usually placed above the reflector B2, and then the array composed of the radiation unit B1 and the reflector B2 receives or transmits the radio frequency signal through the corresponding feeding network. Secondly, the feeding network can realize different radiation beam pointing through the transmission network B3, or be connected to the calibration network B3 to obtain the calibration signal required by the system. Furthermore, the feeding network includes a phase shift network B4, and can also include modules such as a combiner or a filter B5 for expanding performance, and the base station antenna is located in the antenna cover.

[0038] To facilitate understanding, some terms or concepts involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained here.

[0039] 1. Radiating unit

[0040] The radiation unit can also be called antenna element, element, etc. The radiation unit is a unit that constitutes the basic structure of the antenna array, and the radiation unit can effectively radiate or receive radio waves.

[0041] 2. Reflector (including the reflective bottom plate, metal frame and first reflective surface mentioned in the embodiment of the present application)

[0042] The reflector can also be called a bottom plate, antenna panel, metal reflective surface, etc. The reflector is used to improve the receiving sensitivity of the antenna signal, reflect the antenna signal and focus it on the receiving point, thereby enhancing the antenna's receiving and transmitting capabilities, and also blocks and shields the interference of other radio waves from the back (reverse direction) on the received signal.

[0043] 3. Feeding Network

[0044] The feeding network feeds the signal to the radiating unit according to a certain amplitude and phase, or sends the received wireless signal to the signal processing unit of the base station according to a certain amplitude and phase. The feeding network is usually composed of a controlled impedance transmission line. Secondly, the feeding network may include a phase shifter, and in some cases, the feeding network may also include devices such as a combiner and a filter.

[0045] 4. Radome

[0046] The radome is a structural component used to protect the antenna system from the influence of the external environment. The radome has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in electrical performance and can withstand the harsh external environment in mechanical performance.

[0047] At present, lens antennas, resonant cavity antennas, reflective array antennas and backfire antennas are all narrow beam high gain units. Among them, the lens antenna converts the spherical wave in the antenna propagation direction into a plane wave by loading a medium with a low dielectric constant in an area above the antenna by more than one wavelength, thereby increasing the gain. The resonant cavity antenna uses a partial reflective surface loaded at half the wavelength above the antenna floor. The electromagnetic wave is reflected multiple times between the partial reflective surface and the antenna floor, and finally radiates out with equal phases, thereby increasing the gain. The basic structure of the reflective array antenna is a single-screen or multi-screen periodic array composed of a large number of passive resonant units, and then a feed source illuminates the array. By adjusting the scattering phase of each unit on the dielectric plate for the incident wave, the reflected wave is in phase in a specific direction, and a highly directional pencil beam is emitted. The lens antenna, resonant cavity antenna and reflective array antenna are large in size, high in height and difficult to process. Secondly, a metal plate with a size equal to or slightly larger than the array aperture is placed at half the wavelength above the antenna floor of the back-firing antenna as the secondary reflector of the antenna. A metal baffle with a height of half the wavelength is placed around the floor. Part of the electromagnetic waves are emitted from around the secondary reflector, part of the electromagnetic waves are reflected back through the floor and then reflected out, and part of the electromagnetic waves are reflected back to the bottom plate and then reflected out through the side baffles. Finally, all the emitted electromagnetic waves are superimposed in phase to achieve gain improvement, moderate height, high gain, low side lobes, and easy processing. In the aforementioned narrow beam high-gain unit, the horizontal beam width and vertical beam width will change at the same time under the 45-degree polarization state, making it difficult to control the horizontal beam width and vertical beam width separately.

[0048] In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width, which is used to control the horizontal plane beam width and the vertical plane beam width respectively under the polarization state and improve the antenna gain.

[0049] The following is a detailed description of the cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a cavity-back antenna with controllable beam width in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, C1 indicates a radiation unit, C2 indicates a reflective bottom plate, C3 indicates a metal frame, C4 indicates a first reflective surface, and C5 indicates a main radiation cavity. Therefore, the cavity-back antenna with controllable beam width includes a radiation unit C1, a reflective bottom plate C2, a metal frame C3, a first reflective surface C4, and a main radiation cavity C5. Further, C21 indicates the long side of the reflective floor, C22 indicates the short side of the reflective floor, C31 indicates the first frame surface, C32 indicates the second frame surface, C33 indicates the height of the metal frame C3, C61 and C62 indicate a secondary radiation cavity, and C7 indicates that the two ends of the first reflective surface C4 correspond to the electrical connection areas electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces C31 of the metal frame C3.

[0050] Specifically, the radiation unit C1 is placed on the reflective base plate C2 and below the first reflective surface C4. The reflective base plate C2 is rectangular, and the reflective base plate length of the reflective base plate C2 is the length of the long side C21 of the reflective base plate C2, and the reflective base plate width of the reflective base plate C2 is the length of the short side C22 of the reflective base plate C2. Therefore, the reflective base plate length of the reflective base plate C2 should be greater than the reflective base plate width of the reflective base plate C2.

[0051] Specifically, the distance between the center point of the radiation unit C1 and the center point of the reflective bottom plate C2 ranges from 0 to 0.1 wavelength, and the wavelengths introduced in the embodiments of the present application are all wavelengths corresponding to the center frequency point in the working frequency band.

[0052] Optionally, the radiating unit can be a radiating element in any form, including but not limited to patches, symmetrical arrays, and slots, etc. The radiating unit can also be a radiating element in any polarization state, including but not limited to 0° linear polarization, 90° linear polarization, ±45° dual polarization, and circular polarization, etc., which are not specifically limited here.

[0053] Furthermore, the metal frame C3 includes four frame surfaces, including two first frame surfaces C31 and two second frame surfaces C32. The metal frame C3 is electrically connected to the reflective bottom plate C2, that is, the metal frame C3 is arranged around the reflective floor C2, and the two first frame surfaces C31 are electrically connected to the long side C21 of the reflective bottom plate C2, and the two second frame surfaces C32 are electrically connected to the short side C22 of the reflective bottom plate C2.

[0054] Optionally, the angle between the metal frame C3 and the reflective bottom plate C2 ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees.

[0055] Furthermore, the two ends of the first reflecting surface C4 are electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces C31 of the metal frame C3, wherein the first reflecting surface C4 can be a sub-reflecting surface, a partial reflecting surface, or a sub-reflecting surface and a partial reflecting surface. This embodiment is described using the first reflecting surface as a sub-reflecting surface or a partial reflecting surface as an example, but this should not be understood as a limitation of the embodiment.

[0056] Specifically, the distance between the reflective bottom plate C2 and the first reflective surface C4 ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength.

[0057] Specifically, since the first reflective surface C4 is a secondary reflective surface or a partially reflective surface, the height C33 of the metal frame C3 corresponds to a height range of 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength. Secondly, when the first reflective surface C4 is a partially reflective surface, the reflection coefficient of the partially reflective surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9.

[0058] Optionally, the sub-reflective surface or the partial reflective surface may be rectangular, or the sub-reflective surface or the partial reflective surface may be circular, or the sub-reflective surface or the partial reflective surface may be an irregular shape with different widths. This embodiment does not limit the specific shape of the sub-reflective surface or the partial reflective surface. Secondly, for ease of understanding, this embodiment is described by taking the first reflective surface C4 as a rectangle as an example, but this should not be understood as a limitation of the embodiment. Furthermore, since the first reflective surface C4 is a rectangle in this embodiment, the connection range of the electrical connection area C7 is 0 to 0.6 wavelengths.

[0059] Specifically, the length of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the width of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths, that is, the length of the long side C21 of the reflective bottom plate C2 ranges from 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the length of the short side C22 of the reflective bottom plate C2 ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.

[0060] Therefore, from the above introduction, it can be known that the reflective base plate C2 and the metal frame C3 can constitute a main radiation cavity C5, and the main radiation cavity C5 is divided into multiple sub-radiation cavities by the first reflective surface C4. In an embodiment of the present application, the main radiation cavity C5 is divided into two sub-radiation cavities by the first reflective surface C4, and the two sub-radiation cavities are sub-radiation cavity C61 and sub-radiation cavity C62.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present application, since the reflective base plate C2 is of rectangular asymmetric design, and the reflective base plate and the metal frame constitute the main radiation cavity, the main radiation cavity C5 of the antenna is not a symmetrical structure either. Therefore, the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are inconsistent. Through such an asymmetric design, the horizontal plane beam width and the vertical plane beam width can be controlled separately under the polarization state. Secondly, the asymmetric main radiation cavity is divided into multiple secondary radiation cavities through the first reflection surface, which can achieve uniform distribution of the electric field, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0062] Secondly, since the angle between the metal frame and the reflective base plate ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees, Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the angle between the metal frame and the reflective bottom plate is 90 degrees. In order to further understand the present solution, the following is a detailed description of the situation in which the angle between the metal frame and the reflective bottom plate in the beam width controllable cavity-backed antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is not equal to 90 degrees, and the first reflective surface is a secondary reflective surface or a partial reflective surface.

[0063] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4This is another structural schematic diagram of the controllable beam width back cavity antenna in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in the figure, as shown in the figure, D1 indicates the radiation unit, D2 indicates the reflective bottom plate, D3 indicates the metal enclosure, D4 ​​indicates the first reflection surface, and D5 indicates the main radiation cavity. Therefore, the controllable beam width back cavity antenna includes a radiation unit D1, a reflective bottom plate D2, a metal enclosure D3, a first reflection surface D4 and a main radiation cavity D5. Further, D21 indicates the long side of the reflective floor, D22 indicates the short side of the reflective floor, D31 indicates the first enclosure surface, D32 indicates the second enclosure surface, D33 indicates the height of the metal enclosure D3, D61 and D62 indicate the secondary radiation cavity, D7 indicates the electrical connection area where the two ends of the first reflection surface D4 are electrically connected to the two first enclosure surfaces D31 of the metal enclosure D3, D81 indicates the angle between the first enclosure surface D31 and the reflective bottom plate D2, and D81 indicates the angle between the second enclosure surface D32 and the reflective bottom plate D2. In this embodiment, the connection relationship between the radiation unit D1, the reflective bottom plate D2, the metal frame D3 and the first reflective surface D4 is as follows: Figure 3 The embodiments introduced are similar and will not be described again here.

[0064] Optionally, since the metal frame D3 is composed of two first frame surfaces D31 and two second frame surfaces D32, the angle between the metal frame and the reflective base plate D2 includes the angle D81 between the first frame surface D31 and the reflective base plate D2, and the angle D82 between the second frame surface D32 and the reflective base plate D2, and the angle D81 and the angle D82 may be the same or different, but the value range of the angle D81 and the angle D82 are both greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees, and the specific values ​​of the angle D81 and the angle D82 are not limited here.

[0065] Specifically, the distance between the center point of the radiation unit D1 and the center point of the reflective bottom plate D2 ranges from 0 to 0.1 wavelength.

[0066] Specifically, the distance between the reflective bottom plate D2 and the first reflective surface D4 ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength.

[0067] Optionally, the radiating unit can be a radiating element in any form, including but not limited to patches, symmetrical arrays, and slots, etc. The radiating unit can also be a radiating element in any polarization state, including but not limited to 0° linear polarization, 90° linear polarization, ±45° dual polarization, and circular polarization, etc., which are not specifically limited here.

[0068] Specifically, since the first reflective surface D4 is a secondary reflective surface or a partially reflective surface, the height D33 of the metal frame D3 corresponds to a height range of 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength. Secondly, when the first reflective surface D4 is a partially reflective surface, the reflection coefficient of the partially reflective surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9.

[0069] Optionally, the sub-reflection surface or the partial reflection surface may be rectangular, or the sub-reflection surface or the partial reflection surface may be circular, or the sub-reflection surface or the partial reflection surface may be an irregular shape with different widths. This embodiment does not limit the specific shape of the sub-reflection surface or the partial reflection surface. Secondly, for ease of understanding, this embodiment is described by taking the first reflection surface D4 as a rectangle as an example, but this should not be understood as a limitation of the embodiment. Furthermore, since the first reflection surface D4 is a rectangle in this embodiment, the connection range of the electrical connection area D7 is 0 to 0.6 wavelengths.

[0070] Specifically, the length of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the width of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths, that is, the length of the long side D21 of the reflective bottom plate D2 ranges from 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the length of the short side D22 of the reflective bottom plate D2 ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.

[0071] Secondly, since the secondary reflective surface or the partial reflective surface may be rectangular, or circular, or irregularly shaped with different widths, the present embodiment does not limit the specific shape of the secondary reflective surface or the partial reflective surface. Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 The embodiments shown all introduce the case where the secondary reflective surface or the partial reflective surface is rectangular. In order to further understand the present solution, the case where the secondary reflective surface or the partial reflective surface in the embodiments of the present application is not rectangular is described in detail below.

[0072] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5This is another structural schematic diagram of the controllable beam width cavity-backed antenna in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, E1 indicates the radiation unit, E2 indicates the reflective bottom plate, E3 indicates the metal enclosure, E4 indicates the first reflection surface, and E5 indicates the main radiation cavity. Therefore, the controllable beam width cavity-backed antenna includes the radiation unit E1, the reflective bottom plate E2, the metal enclosure E3, the first reflection surface E4 and the main radiation cavity E5. Further, E21 indicates the long side of the reflective floor, E22 indicates the short side of the reflective floor, E31 indicates the first enclosure surface, E32 indicates the second enclosure surface, E33 indicates the height of the metal enclosure E3, E61 and E62 indicate the secondary radiation cavity, E7 indicates the central area, E71 indicates the wide side of the central area E7, and the central area E7 is directly above the radiation unit E1, and E8 indicates that the two ends of the first reflection surface E4 correspond to the electrical connection areas electrically connected to the two first enclosure surfaces E31 of the metal enclosure E3. In this embodiment, the connection relationship between the radiation unit E1, the reflective bottom plate E2, the metal frame E3 and the first reflective surface E4 is as follows: Figure 3 The embodiments introduced are similar and will not be described again here.

[0073] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first reflection surface E4 is a sub-reflection surface or a partial reflection surface, and the sub-reflection surface or the partial reflection surface is not rectangular, therefore, the first reflection surface E4 includes a central area E7, the central area E7 is located in the upper area of ​​the radiation unit E1, the offset between the upper area and the center point of the radiation unit E1 is 0 to 0.1 wavelength, and the value range (width range) of the wide side E71 of the central area E7 is 0.1 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength. Secondly, the connection range of the electrical connection area E8 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.6 wavelength.

[0074] Specifically, the distance between the center point of the radiation unit E1 and the center point of the reflective bottom plate E2 ranges from 0 to 0.1 wavelength, and the wavelengths introduced in the embodiments of the present application are all wavelengths corresponding to the center frequency point in the working frequency band.

[0075] Specifically, the distance between the reflective bottom plate E2 and the first reflective surface E4 ranges from 0.3 wavelengths to 0.6 wavelengths.

[0076] Optionally, the radiating unit can be a radiating element in any form, including but not limited to patches, symmetrical arrays, and slots, etc. The radiating unit can also be a radiating element in any polarization state, including but not limited to 0° linear polarization, 90° linear polarization, ±45° dual polarization, and circular polarization, etc., which are not specifically limited here.

[0077] Optionally, the angle between the metal frame and the reflective bottom plate ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees. Figure 3 The embodiment shown is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , but when the angle between the metal frame and the reflective bottom plate is not 90 degrees, Figure 4 The embodiments shown are similar and will not be described in detail here.

[0078] Specifically, since the first reflective surface is a secondary reflective surface or a partially reflective surface, the height E33 of the metal frame E3 corresponds to a height range of 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength. Secondly, when the first reflective surface is a partially reflective surface, the reflection coefficient of the partially reflective surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9.

[0079] Specifically, the length of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the width of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths, that is, the length of the long side E21 of the reflective bottom plate E2 ranges from 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the length of the short side E22 of the reflective bottom plate E2 ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.

[0080] Furthermore, the aforementioned embodiments introduce various situations where the first reflective surface is a secondary reflective surface or a partial reflective surface. In order to further understand the present solution, the following describes in detail the situation where the first reflective surface in the present embodiment is a secondary reflective surface and a partial reflective surface. It should be understood that the present embodiment uses the angle between the metal frame and the reflective bottom plate as 90 degrees, and the first reflective surface is a rectangle as an example for explanation. In actual applications, there are also situations where the angle between the metal frame and the reflective bottom plate is not 90 degrees, and the first reflective surface is not a rectangle. The specific implementation method is different from the above. Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The embodiments shown are similar and therefore will not be described in detail.

[0081] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 Another structural diagram of the cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width in the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure, where F1 indicates a radiation unit, F2 indicates a reflective bottom plate, F3 indicates a metal frame, F4 indicates a first reflective surface, and F5 indicates a main radiation cavity. Therefore, the cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width includes a radiation unit F1, a reflective bottom plate F2, a metal frame F3, a first reflective surface F4, and a main radiation cavity F5. Further, F21 indicates the long side of the reflective floor, F22 indicates the short side of the reflective floor, F31 indicates the first frame surface, F32 indicates the second frame surface, F33 indicates the height of the metal frame F3, since the first reflective surface F4 is a secondary reflective surface and a partial reflective surface, F41 indicates the partial reflective surface, F42 and F43 indicate secondary reflective surfaces, F61 and F62 indicate secondary radiation cavities, F71 indicates that both ends of the partial reflective surface F41 correspond to electrical connection areas electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces F31 of the metal frame F3, F72 indicates that both ends of the secondary reflective surface F42 correspond to electrical connection areas electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces F31 of the metal frame F3, and F73 indicates that both ends of the secondary reflective surface F43 correspond to electrical connection areas electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces F31 of the metal frame F3.

[0082] Specifically, the reflection coefficient of the partial reflection surface F41 ranges from 0.5 to 0.9, the partial reflection surface F41 is electrically connected to the sub-reflection surface F42, and the partial reflection surface F41 is electrically connected to the sub-reflection surface F43, and there is no connection between the sub-reflection surface F42 and the sub-reflection surface F43.

[0083] Secondly, the radiation unit F1 is placed on the reflecting base plate F2 and is below the first reflecting surface F4 formed by the partial reflecting surface F41, the sub-reflecting surface F42 and the sub-reflecting surface F43. The reflecting base plate F2 is a rectangle, and the reflecting base plate length of the reflecting base plate F2 is the length of the long side F21 of the reflecting base plate F2, and the reflecting base plate width of the reflecting base plate F2 is the length of the short side F22 of the reflecting base plate F2. Therefore, the reflecting base plate length of the reflecting base plate F2 should be greater than the reflecting base plate width of the reflecting base plate F2.

[0084] Specifically, the distance between the center point of the radiation unit F1 and the center point of the reflective bottom plate F2 ranges from 0 to 0.1 wavelength, and the wavelengths introduced in the embodiments of the present application are all wavelengths corresponding to the center frequency point in the working frequency band.

[0085] Optionally, the radiating unit can be a radiating element in any form, including but not limited to patches, symmetrical arrays, and slots, etc. The radiating unit can also be a radiating element in any polarization state, including but not limited to 0° linear polarization, 90° linear polarization, ±45° dual polarization, and circular polarization, etc., which are not specifically limited here.

[0086] Furthermore, the metal frame F3 includes four frame surfaces, including two first frame surfaces F31 and two second frame surfaces F32. The metal frame F3 is electrically connected to the reflective bottom plate F2, that is, the metal frame F3 is arranged around the reflective floor F2, and the two first frame surfaces F31 are electrically connected to the long sides F21 of the reflective bottom plate F2, and the two second frame surfaces F32 are electrically connected to the short sides F22 of the reflective bottom plate F.

[0087] Optionally, the angle between the metal frame F3 and the reflective bottom plate F2 ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees. Figure 3 The embodiment shown is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , but when the angle between the metal frame and the reflective bottom plate is not 90 degrees, Figure 4 The embodiments shown are similar and will not be described in detail here.

[0088] Specifically, the distance between the reflective bottom plate F2 and the first reflective surface F4 ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength.

[0089] Specifically, since the first reflective surface F4 is a secondary reflective surface and a partial reflective surface, the height F33 of the metal frame F3 corresponds to a height range of 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength.

[0090] Optionally, the sub-reflective surface and the partial reflective surface may be rectangular, or the sub-reflective surface or the partial reflective surface may be circular, or the sub-reflective surface or the partial reflective surface may be irregular shapes with different widths. This embodiment does not limit the specific shape of the sub-reflective surface or the partial reflective surface. For ease of understanding, this embodiment is described by taking the sub-reflective surface and the partial reflective surface as rectangular as an example, but this should not be understood as a limitation of the embodiment. When the sub-reflective surface and the partial reflective surface are not rectangular, the specific implementation is similar to Figure 5 Introduced in the embodiment. Further, since the secondary reflection surface and the partial reflection surface in this embodiment are rectangular, the connection range of the electrical connection area F71 is 0.4 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength, the connection range of the electrical connection area F72 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25 wavelength, the connection range of the electrical connection area F73 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25 wavelength, and the connection lengths of the electrical connection areas F72 and F73 may be the same or different, which is not limited here.

[0091] Specifically, the length of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 1.5 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the width of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths, that is, the length of the long side F21 of the reflective bottom plate F2 ranges from 1.5 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the length of the short side F22 of the reflective bottom plate F2 ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.

[0092] It should be understood that Figures 3 to 6 The examples are only for the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the specific scenarios illustrated. Figures 3 to 6 It is obvious that various equivalent modifications or changes can be made, and such modifications or changes also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0093] It should also be understood that the various schemes of the embodiments of the present application can be used in reasonable combination, and the explanations or descriptions of the various terms appearing in the embodiments can be mutually referenced or explained in the various embodiments, without limitation.

[0094] It should also be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0095] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0096] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0097] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0098] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0099] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width, characterized in that: It includes a radiation unit, a reflection bottom plate, a metal frame, a first reflection surface and a main radiation cavity; The radiation unit is placed on the reflective bottom plate and below the first reflective surface; The reflective bottom plate is rectangular, wherein the reflective bottom plate length of the reflective bottom plate is greater than the reflective bottom plate width of the reflective bottom plate; The metal frame is connected to the reflective bottom plate in a surrounding manner, and the metal frame includes four frame surfaces, wherein the four frame surfaces include two first frame surfaces and two second frame surfaces, the first frame surfaces are electrically connected to the long sides of the reflective bottom plate, and the second frame surfaces are electrically connected to the short sides of the reflective bottom plate; Two ends of the first reflective surface are electrically connected to two first frame surfaces of the metal frame, respectively, wherein the first reflective surface is a secondary reflective surface and / or a partial reflective surface; The reflective bottom plate and the metal surrounding frame constitute the main radiation cavity; The primary radiation cavity is divided into a plurality of secondary radiation cavities by the first reflection surface.

2. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the center point of the radiation unit and the center point of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 0 to 0.1 wavelength, and the wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point in the working frequency band.

3. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The distance between the reflective bottom plate and the first reflective surface ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength.

4. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The angle between the metal frame and the reflective bottom plate ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees.

5. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first reflecting surface is the sub-reflecting surface or the partial reflecting surface, and the reflection coefficient of the partial reflecting surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9; The height of the metal frame ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength.

6. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width according to claim 5, characterized in that: The width of the central area of ​​the secondary reflection surface or the partial reflection surface ranges from 0.1 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength, wherein the central area is located in the upper area of ​​the radiation unit, and the offset between the upper area and the center point of the radiation unit is 0 to 0.1 wavelength; The connection range of the electrical connection area where the two ends of the secondary reflection surface or the partial reflection surface are electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces of the metal frame is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.6 wavelength.

7. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The length of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the width of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.

8. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first reflective surface is the two sub-reflective surfaces and the partial reflective surface, and the reflection coefficient of the partial reflective surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9; The partial reflection surface is electrically connected to the two sub-reflection surfaces respectively, and there is no connection between the two sub-reflection surfaces.

9. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width according to claim 8, characterized in that: The height of the metal frame ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength.

10. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The connection range of the electrical connection area where the partial reflection surface is electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces of the metal frame is in the range of 0.4 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength; The connection range of the electrical connection area where the secondary reflection surface is electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces of the metal frame is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25 wavelength.

11. The cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: The length of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 1.5 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the width of the reflective bottom plate ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.

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