A laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to a laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance, which comprises a workbench, a laser welding head, an upper protective gas device, an annular magnetic field device and a cooling device. The present application has compact structure design, convenient welding operation, and is especially suitable for good weld forming quality when high-power laser generator is used for laser welding. The upper protective gas device, the annular magnetic field device and the cooling device are integrated on the laser welding head, the overall structure design is more compact, and each component will move with the movement of the laser welding head, and is not easy to be affected by various welding conditions. The annular magnetic field is additionally arranged outside the laser welding head, a more uniform magnetic field is generated during welding, the molten pool is more uniformly stressed during weld forming, the weld collapse is reduced when the power output is larger, the molten pool is not easy to produce pores when subjected to external force under the action of the magnetic field force, and the weld forming quality of laser welding is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding technology, and specifically to a laser welding platform that combines multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance. Background Technology

[0002] Laser welding, due to its ability to focus laser energy into a small area, significantly reduces the heat-affected zone during welding, resulting in less workpiece deformation and easier dimensional control, and is widely used in welding processes in high-speed rail, aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries. However, laser welding also presents some challenges, especially when using high-power lasers. The high laser power and concentrated energy in a small area of ​​the molten pool increase penetration depth but can also lead to uneven stress distribution, resulting in welding defects such as collapse. Currently, adding a magnetic field during laser welding is beneficial for weld formation and quality improvement; however, in practice, some methods use permanent magnets to generate a magnetic field, but the high heat concentration in the weld area can demagnetize the permanent magnet, making the magnetic field unstable and ineffective. Other methods use electromagnets to create alternating magnetic fields, but the alternating magnetic field itself can cause uneven stress distribution in the weld pool, which may be difficult to detect, still leading to weld defects. Therefore, existing technologies require further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser welding platform that combines multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance. It has a compact structure, is convenient to operate, and produces better weld quality. It solves the problem in the prior art where the weld pool is deep and prone to collapse, resulting in poor weld formation. It is especially suitable for situations where weld formation is difficult and the quality is poor when using a high-power laser generator for laser welding.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance is provided, including a worktable, a laser welding head, an upper protective gas device, an annular magnetic field device, and a cooling device. The laser welding head is correspondingly arranged above the worktable. The upper protective gas device is coaxially arranged with the laser welding head. The annular magnetic field device is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the laser welding head to form an annular magnetic field around the laser welding head. The cooling device is arranged on the outside of the annular magnetic field device.

[0005] Based on the above technical solution, the annular magnetic field device includes multiple magnetic poles, which are arranged in a uniform ring on the outside of the laser welding head.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, multiple magnetic poles are connected at one end to form an integrated structure.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, each magnetic pole is wound with a coil, and the coil is electrically connected to the regulating power supply.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, the cooling device includes a sealed housing, a water inlet, and a water outlet. The sealed housing is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the laser welding head. The annular magnetic field device is disposed inside the sealed housing. A cooling chamber that allows cooling water to pass through is provided in the side wall of the sealed housing. The water inlet and the water outlet are both connected to the cooling chamber.

[0009] Based on the above technical solution, the upper protective gas device includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet. The gas inlet is located on one side of the laser welding head, and the gas outlet is coaxially located inside the laser welding head. The gas inlet and the gas outlet are connected in a through manner.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, a back protective gas device is also included. The back protective gas device includes a back protective chamber and an air outlet. The back protective chamber is set in a first groove opened in the workbench. The back protective chamber is connected to a protective gas through an air inlet. The air outlet is set on the side wall of the back protective chamber and is correspondingly set below the weld position.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, multiple air outlets are provided on the side wall of the back protection chamber and are evenly arranged.

[0012] Based on the above technical solution, a clamping device is also included for clamping and fixing the workpiece to be welded; the clamping device includes a pressure plate and a fastening shaft. Multiple pressure plates are provided, with one end abutting against the worktable and the other end abutting against the workpiece to be welded. A second groove is provided on the worktable. One end of the fastening shaft is located in the second groove, and the other end passes through the pressure plate and is fixed by a locking component.

[0013] Based on the above technical solution, the laser welding head is driven to move by a robotic arm.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention are as follows: 1. This invention provides a laser welding platform with a compact structure and convenient welding operation. It effectively solves the problem of poor weld formation caused by the deep weld pool collapsing in existing technologies. It is particularly suitable for situations where weld formation is difficult and of poor quality when using high-power laser generators for laser welding, resulting in high-quality weld formation. The laser welding head integrates an upper shielding gas device, a ring magnetic field device, and a cooling device, making the overall structure more compact. Furthermore, during the welding process, all components move with the laser welding head, making it less susceptible to various welding conditions and suitable for welding welds of different shapes, thus enhancing its versatility.

[0015] 2. By adding a ring-shaped magnetic field to the outside of the laser welding head, a more uniform magnetic field can be generated during the welding process. This results in a more even stress distribution in the molten pool during weld formation, avoiding large stress differences. Consequently, weld collapse is reduced even when the laser power output is high. Furthermore, the molten pool is less prone to porosity when subjected to external forces under the influence of the magnetic field, significantly improving the quality of laser-welded welds. The strength of the ring-shaped magnetic field can also be adjusted according to different base materials, weld penetration depths, and other characteristics, making it more versatile. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention from another angle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser welding head, the upper protective gas device, the cooling device, and the annular magnetic field device in this invention. Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Partial exploded view; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ring magnetic field device in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the back protective gas device in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in use; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the weld cross-section after laser welding without the assistance of a ring magnetic field. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the weld cross-section obtained by laser welding using the present invention with the assistance of a ring magnetic field; Detailed Implementation The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0017] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0018] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance includes a worktable 1, a laser welding head 2, an upper protective gas device 3, an annular magnetic field device 4, and a cooling device 5. The laser welding head 2 is correspondingly arranged above the worktable 1. The upper protective gas device 3 is coaxially arranged with the laser welding head 2. The annular magnetic field device 4 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the laser welding head 2, forming an annular magnetic field around the laser welding head 2. The cooling device 5 is arranged on the outside of the annular magnetic field device 4.

[0019] This invention provides a laser welding platform with a compact structure and convenient welding operation. It effectively solves the problem of poor weld formation caused by the deep weld pool easily collapsing in existing technologies. It is especially suitable for situations where weld formation is difficult and of poor quality when using a high-power laser generator for laser welding, resulting in high-quality weld formation. Specifically, the laser welding head 2 is positioned above the weld on the worktable 1 to weld two workpieces. A ring magnetic field device 4 is sleeved on the outside of the laser welding head 2, forming a stable ring magnetic field in the weld area during welding. This changes the flow of the molten pool, improves the weld structure and stress distribution, and makes the stress more uniform, thus improving the weld formation quality. At the same time, a cooling device 5 is set on the outside of the ring magnetic field device 4, so that the ring magnetic field device 4 is completely immersed in the cooling effect, effectively preventing demagnetization or affecting the uniform distribution of the magnetic field that may be caused by heat concentration in the weld area. The ring magnetic field distribution is more uniform and stable, ensuring the weld formation quality. An upper protective gas device 3 is also coaxially set on the laser welding head 2 for welding protection. Therefore, the combined effect of multiple components significantly improves the weld formation quality and morphology.

[0020] according to Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, when using high-power laser welding, the weld obtained by conventional laser welding processes is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, this can easily lead to weld defects such as weld collapse; however, according to Figure 9As shown, when laser welding is performed using the welding platform of the present invention, under the same welding power, the weld obtained after adding the assistance of the annular magnetic field and the cooling effect is fuller and smoother, and there is no weld defect of collapse as seen in the prior art, and the overall weld morphology is more aesthetically pleasing. It should be noted that the high-power laser welding mentioned in this application usually uses a power exceeding 3000W as considered in the technical field of this industry; Figure 8 and Figure 9 The image shows a weld that was obtained by laser welding at a power of 6000W.

[0021] In addition, the upper protective gas device 3, the annular magnetic field device 4 and the cooling device 5 are integrated on the laser welding head 2, making the overall structure more compact. At the same time, during the welding process, each component moves with the laser welding head 2, making it less susceptible to various welding conditions and suitable for welding welds of different shapes, thus having greater applicability.

[0022] Based on the above technical solution, the annular magnetic field device 4 includes multiple magnetic poles 41, which are arranged in a uniform ring on the outside of the laser welding head 2.

[0023] By adding a ring-shaped magnetic field to the outside of the laser welding head 2, a more uniform magnetic field can be generated during the welding process. This results in a more even stress distribution in the molten pool during weld formation, avoiding large stress differences. Consequently, weld collapse is reduced even when the laser power output is high. Furthermore, the molten pool is less prone to porosity under external forces caused by the magnetic field, significantly improving the weld formation quality. It should be noted that the magnetic pole 41 in this embodiment can be a permanent magnet, still achieving good weld formation quality. Through the improvements in the structure and position of the cooling device 5 and the ring-shaped magnetic field device 4 described in this application, even when using a permanent magnet to generate the magnetic field, the cooling device 5 dissipates heat from the ring-shaped magnetic field device during welding, effectively solving the problems of demagnetization or uneven magnetic field distribution caused by excessive heat in the welding area in the prior art. This makes the process more convenient and results in better weld formation quality.

[0024] Based on the above technical solutions, such as Figure 4 As shown, the cooling device 5 includes a sealed housing 51, a water inlet 52, and a water outlet 53. The sealed housing 51 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the laser welding head 2. The annular magnetic field device 4 is disposed inside the sealed housing 51. A cooling chamber that allows cooling water to pass through is provided in the side wall of the sealed housing 51. The water inlet 52 and the water outlet 53 are both connected to the cooling chamber.

[0025] Specifically, such as Figure 4As shown, the sealing housing 51 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the laser welding head 2 via a connecting plate 54. Specifically, the sealing housing 51 has a through hole 55 allowing the laser to pass through. The annular magnetic field device 4 is disposed within a sealed space inside the sealing housing 51. The water inlet 52 is located at the bottom end of one side wall of the sealing housing 51, and the water outlet 53 is correspondingly located at the top end of the other symmetrical side wall. The water cooling pipeline is not shown, thus increasing the flow path of cooling water. Cooling water flows throughout the side wall of the sealing housing 51, ensuring that the multiple magnetic poles 41 located inside the sealing housing 51 are completely immersed in the cooling device 5. This guarantees that the magnetic poles 41 are sufficiently cooled during welding, effectively preventing demagnetization or interference with the annular magnetic field distribution due to concentrated laser heat, thereby ensuring the quality of the weld formation. More preferably, the magnetic poles 41 and the inlet and outlet lines for energizing the coil 42 are waterproofed and insulated to ensure the normal operation of each component.

[0026] Based on the above technical solution, the upper protective gas device 3 includes a gas inlet 31 and a gas outlet 32. The gas inlet 31 is located on one side of the laser welding head 2, and the gas outlet 32 ​​is coaxially located inside the laser welding head 2. The gas inlet 31 and the gas outlet 32 ​​are connected in a through manner.

[0027] Based on the above technical solutions, such as Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a clamping device 7 for clamping and fixing the workpiece to be welded; the clamping device 7 includes a pressure plate 71 and a fastening shaft 72. Multiple pressure plates 71 are provided, with one end abutting against the worktable 1 and the other end abutting against the workpiece to be welded. The worktable 1 is provided with a second groove 12. One end of the fastening shaft 72 is located in the second groove 12, and the other end passes through the pressure plate 71 and is fixed by a locking member.

[0028] Specifically, the second groove 12 is set as an inverted T-shape. More preferably, the first groove 11 and the second groove 12 have the same structure and multiple grooves are provided on the worktable 1. During welding, multiple parts can be installed according to requirements, making it more convenient to use. The bottom end of the fastening shaft 72 is provided with a flange, and the locking element is set as a nut. In use, one end of the flange of the fastening shaft 72 is engaged in the second groove 12, and the top end passes through the pressure plate 71 and is threadedly connected to the nut to achieve locking and fixing, pressing the workpiece to be welded onto the worktable 1, which is convenient for laser welding processing.

[0029] Preferably, the pressure plate 71 is provided with an elongated hole 73, which facilitates the adjustment of the position of the pressure plate 71 to meet the welding needs of workpieces of different sizes, thus making it more versatile.

[0030] Based on the above technical solution, the laser welding head 2 is driven by a robotic arm. In this application, the annular magnetic field device 4, the cooling device 5, and the upper protective gas device 3 are all integrated on the laser welding head 2. Then, the laser welding head 2 is driven by the robotic arm, and multiple integrated components move synchronously with it. It has strong applicability and is suitable for welding seams under various working conditions. It is not easily affected by the working conditions. The structure of the robotic arm is not shown in the figure. It is particularly suitable for welding long straight seams. In the process of welding long straight seams, the weld seam is long, and the heat generated in the area is concentrated. Uneven stress is likely to occur around the weld seam, causing local defects and other adverse phenomena. The welding platform provided in this application adopts a cooling device and an auxiliary annular magnetic field that move synchronously with the laser welding head. The cooling device dissipates the welding heat in time. On the one hand, it can effectively improve the problem of excessive heat in the area around the weld seam causing weld defects. On the other hand, it can also avoid the influence of heat on the formation of the auxiliary magnetic field, eliminate the indirect adverse effects on the weld formation, effectively improve the phenomenon of uneven stress during the weld formation process, and improve the weld formation quality.

[0031] Example 2 Based on the technical solution of Embodiment 1, one end of multiple magnetic poles 41 is connected to form an integral structure. In this embodiment, a special annular common-pole structure is designed, that is, one end of multiple magnetic poles 41 is connected to form a ring, and the other end is a uniformly distributed magnetic gap. This can form a denser and more uniform annular magnetic field atmosphere in the welding area, so that the weld pool is subjected to more uniform stress in all directions during the weld formation process, forming a more stable weld shape, preventing the generation of local defects, and improving the weld processing quality.

[0032] Example 3 Based on the technical solutions of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, a coil 42 is wound around each of the magnetic poles 41, and the coil 42 is electrically connected to the regulating power supply 43. In this embodiment, by setting the coil 42 on the magnetic pole 41 and connecting it to the regulating power supply 43, a uniform annular magnetic field is generated by using an electromagnet. During welding, a uniform electromagnetic force is applied to the molten pool, improving the stress distribution of the molten pool and thus improving the weld formation. At the same time, the strength of the annular magnetic field can be adjusted according to different welding base materials, welding penetration depth, and other characteristics, making it more applicable.

[0033] Example 4 Based on the technical solutions of the above embodiments, such as Figure 6As shown, it also includes a back protective gas device 6, which includes a back protective chamber 61 and vent holes 62. The back protective chamber 61 is disposed within a first groove 11 opened in the workbench 1. Protective gas is communicated within the back protective chamber 61 through an air inlet 63. The vent holes 62 are disposed on the side wall of the back protective chamber 61 and are correspondingly positioned below the weld seam. Based on the above technical solution, multiple vent holes 62 are evenly arranged on the side wall of the back protective chamber 61.

[0034] Preferably, the protective gas mentioned in this application is argon. In this application, an upper protective gas device 3 is provided above the weld, and a back protective gas device 6 is provided below the weld. During laser welding, the two work together to form a more comprehensive protective gas atmosphere, effectively preventing oxidation and other impurities from entering the weld during the forming process, thus improving weld quality. Simultaneously, multiple gas dispersion holes, i.e., vent holes 62, are evenly provided on the side wall of the back protective chamber 61, making the protective gas distribution more uniform and improving the welding protection effect. More preferably, the vent holes 62 are equipped with matching plugs. By equipping the vent holes 62 with plugs, the vent holes can be opened according to the length of the weld, making it more suitable for both long and short welds, thus increasing its applicability.

[0035] During laser welding, the cooling device 5 is turned on, and cooling water flows into the side wall of the sealed housing 51 from the inlet 52 and flows out from the outlet. The annular magnetic field device 4 is in a sealed state inside the sealed housing 51 and is cooled by the circulating cooling water. The power supply is turned on to adjust the intensity of the annular magnetic field. The magnetic field intensity is adjusted according to the characteristics of the weld seam to ensure that a uniformly distributed magnetic field is formed in the weld seam area. The gas valves of the upper protective gas device 3 and the back protective gas device 6 are turned on to form a multi-directional and multi-angle protective gas atmosphere around the weld seam. Then, the laser generator 8 is turned on, and the laser beam is applied to the workpiece to be welded through the optical fiber 9 and the laser welding head 2 to start the welding operation. At the same time, the laser welding head 2 is mounted on the robot arm, and the robot arm drives the laser welding head 2 and its integrated upper protective gas device 3, annular magnetic field device 4 and cooling device 5 to move synchronously along the weld seam direction until the welding of the workpiece to be welded is completed.

[0036] It should be noted that the specific models of the laser generator, optical fiber, robotic arm, and other components used in the technical solution of this invention can be selected according to actual welding requirements and can be obtained from the prior art. This application does not involve any improvement to the structure of the components.

[0037] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0038] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A laser welding platform that combines multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance, characterized in that, The system includes a worktable (1), a laser welding head (2), an upper protective gas device (3), a ring magnetic field device (4), and a cooling device (5). The laser welding head (2) is positioned above the worktable (1). The upper protective gas device (3) is coaxially arranged with the laser welding head (2). The upper protective gas device (3) includes a gas inlet (31) and a gas outlet (32). The gas outlet (32) is coaxially arranged inside the laser welding head (2). The ring magnetic field device (4) is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the laser welding head (2), forming a ring magnetic field around the laser welding head (2) for welding. A stable annular magnetic field is formed in the weld area. The annular magnetic field device (4) includes multiple magnetic poles (41). The magnetic poles (41) are arranged in a ring on the outside of the laser welding head (2). One end of the multiple magnetic poles (41) is connected to form an integral structure, and the other end is inclined to the welding direction. The magnetic poles (41) are permanent magnets. The cooling device (5) is set on the outside of the annular magnetic field device (4), so that the annular magnetic field device (4) is completely immersed in the cooling effect, preventing the demagnetization caused by the heat concentration in the weld area or affecting the uniform distribution of the magnetic field. The annular magnetic field distribution is more uniform and stable.

2. The laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the magnetic poles (41) is wound with a coil (42), and the coil (42) is electrically connected to the regulating power supply (43).

3. The laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling device (5) includes a sealed housing (51), an inlet (52) and an outlet (53). The sealed housing (51) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the laser welding head (2). The annular magnetic field device (4) is set inside the sealed housing (51). A cooling chamber that allows cooling water to pass through is provided in the side wall of the sealed housing (51). The inlet (52) and the outlet (53) are both connected to the cooling chamber.

4. A laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper protective gas device (3) includes a gas inlet (31) and a gas outlet (32). The gas inlet (31) is located on one side of the laser welding head (2), and the gas outlet (32) is coaxially located inside the laser welding head (2). The gas inlet (31) and the gas outlet (32) are connected in a through manner.

5. A laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a back protective gas device (6), which includes a back protective chamber (61) and an air outlet (62). The back protective chamber (61) is located in the first groove (11) of the workbench (1). The back protective chamber (61) is connected to a protective gas through an air inlet (63). The air outlet (62) is located on the side wall of the back protective chamber (61) and is located below the weld position.

6. A laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The air vents (62) are provided on the side wall of the back protection chamber (61) in multiple and evenly arranged.

7. A laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a clamping device (7) for clamping and fixing the workpiece to be welded; the clamping device (7) includes a pressure plate (71) and a fastening shaft (72). The pressure plate (71) is provided in multiple ways and one end abuts against the worktable (1) and the other end abuts against the workpiece to be welded. The worktable (1) is provided with a second groove (12). One end of the fastening shaft (72) is set in the second groove (12) and the other end passes through the pressure plate (71) and is fixed by a locking member.

8. A laser welding platform with multi-angle protection and annular magnetic field assistance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser welding head (2) is driven to move by a robotic arm.

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