Method for planting carya cathayensis in forest with cimicifuga foetida

Abstract

The application discloses a method for interplanting Cimicifuga foetida in chestnut forest. The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting the chestnut forest land for interplanting Cimicifuga foetida and carrying out land preparation; S2, sowing Cimicifuga foetida on the chestnut forest land; and S3, carrying out field management. The method takes advantage of the canopy density characteristics of chestnut, and eliminates the requirement for shading during the planting period of Cimicifuga foetida seedlings. The method improves the land utilization efficiency and increases the income. Through years of experimental comparison, the application selects Cimicifuga foetida as the interplanting crop in the chestnut forest, and provides a new technical method for developing a forest-medicine compound mode through the innovation in site selection, land preparation, planting, forest interplanting management, harvesting and the like. The application promotes the extension of the property of Cimicifuga foetida that is both medicine and food, and promotes the ecological planting of chestnut. The application reduces the amount of pesticides (herbicides), reduces the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution, and has obvious effects on improving the fertility of the land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for planting vegetable-grade Cimicifuga in chestnut forests, belonging to the technical field of crop planting methods. Background Technology

[0002] Chestnut is a common deciduous tree in northern my country, preferring sandy soil and suitable for planting in hilly and gentle slope areas at altitudes of 100-2000m. During chestnut cultivation, herbicides are commonly used to control weeds in chestnut orchards to reduce competition for soil nutrients from weeds and to simplify harvesting. This not only damages biodiversity but also has negative environmental impacts. Furthermore, the large amount of chestnut shells and pruned branches produced annually contributes to environmental pollution and poses a significant fire hazard.

[0003] Cimicifuga rhizome is a plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family and the Cimicifuga genus. It is a perennial herb, 1-2 meters tall, and is classified as *Cimicifuga foetida*, *Cimicifuga dahurica*, or *Cimicifuga foetida*. It has medicinal properties, including promoting rash eruption, clearing heat and detoxifying, and raising yang energy. Currently, the cultivation of Cimicifuga rhizome is mainly for medicinal use, and there are no professional reports on its cultivation specifically for fresh consumption. Most of the Cimicifuga sprouts seen in the market are wild-harvested, expensive, and their source and supply cannot be guaranteed, which also damages natural germplasm resources.

[0004] Based on the growth habits of chestnuts and Cimicifuga, it is expected that intercropping vegetable Cimicifuga in chestnut forests and utilizing the land resources in chestnut forests for vegetable Cimicifuga cultivation can significantly increase growers' income, improve soil fertility, and reduce pesticide use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for planting Cimicifuga foetida in chestnut forests, utilizing idle land resources in chestnut forests for Cimicifuga foetida cultivation. This method effectively overcomes the current problem of a significant reduction in wild resources and the inability of sprouts and medicinal roots to meet market demand, thereby reducing production costs and making it suitable for widespread application in chestnut-growing areas.

[0006] The method for cultivating vegetative cimicifuga in chestnut forests provided by this invention includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Select chestnut forest land intercropped with Cimicifuga and prepare the land.

[0008] S2. Sow Cimicifuga in chestnut forest land;

[0009] S3. Conduct field management.

[0010] In the above method, in step S1, the chestnut forest has the following characteristics:

[0011] The soil layer is 30-50cm deep, with good drainage, sandy loam or rich in organic matter, and a pH of 6.5-8.5.

[0012] The canopy density of the chestnut forest is 30% to 65%, the spacing between chestnut trees is 3 to 4 meters and 3 to 5 meters, with 33 to 74 trees planted per mu (667 square meters), and no Cimicifuga has been planted there for at least 5 years.

[0013] Altitude below 1500m;

[0014] The distance between two rows of chestnut trees is 3 to 5 meters;

[0015] The slope is 0 to 10 degrees.

[0016] In the above method, step S1, the land preparation step is as follows:

[0017] Apply organic fertilizer before ridging, and then deep plow.

[0018] Planting on raised beds with wide ridges is adopted. The edges of the ridges should not be in the shadow of the tree canopy. The ridges should be made from high to low along the slope. The width of the ridges should be 100-140cm, the length should be determined according to the conditions of the plot, the height of the beds should be 15-20cm, the spacing between beds should be 30-40cm, and a drainage ditch with a depth of 30-35cm should be set at the end of the ridge.

[0019] Preferably, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 2000~2500 kg / mu;

[0020] The depth of the deep turning is 20~30cm;

[0021] The organic fertilizer is made from chicken manure, cow manure, chestnut shells, crushed chestnut branches, fallen chestnut leaves, and agricultural rare earth elements. The preparation method is as follows:

[0022] After mixing the materials, add cellulose-degrading bacteria, control the moisture content to 55%~65%, carry out aerobic fermentation in windrows, and ferment at a temperature of 55~70℃. Turn the pile every 10~15 days until the pile temperature does not exceed 30℃, which means the fermentation is complete.

[0023] The dosage of the cellulose-degrading microbial agent is 1~2 kg / ton of material.

[0024] In the organic fertilizer, the mass ratio of chicken manure, cow manure, chestnut shells, chestnut branch powder, chestnut fallen leaves and agricultural rare earth is 30~50:10~20:20~40:5~15:2~5:0.5~1, preferably 40:15:30:10:3:1.

[0025] In the above method, step S2, the sowing method is direct seeding, seedling transplanting, and root transplanting.

[0026] The direct seeding method is suitable for chestnut trees that are 3 years or older. The specific steps are as follows:

[0027] Direct seeding should be carried out in the fall;

[0028] The soil temperature at 0-20cm depth should be 15-19℃. At least 2 days before sowing, thoroughly water the ridges. When sowing, make furrows on the ridges with a row spacing of 25-30cm and a furrow depth of 3-5cm. Sow the seeds evenly in the furrows with a plant spacing of 25-30cm. Cover with 1.5-2cm of fine soil, compact, and water. Cover the ridges with a 3-5cm thick mixture of chestnut leaves and chestnut shells (chestnut shells need to be crushed) to retain moisture, or cover with biodegradable black mulch. After 10-15 days, make holes at the seedling emergence points (insert disposable chopsticks or wooden sticks at the sowing points as markers).

[0029] The sowing rate is 1.5~2.5 kg per mu.

[0030] Seeds should preferably be those harvested in the current year;

[0031] After emergence, thin the seedlings when they reach a height of 5-8cm, leaving one seedling per hole.

[0032] The specific steps for transplanting seedlings suitable for chestnut trees that are 3 years or older are as follows:

[0033] Transplanting two-year-old seedlings in autumn should be done after the plants have withered and before the soil freezes.

[0034] On the raised bed, make holes with a row spacing of 25-30cm and a plant spacing of 30-35cm. The holes should be 10-15cm deep, with one seedling planted in each hole. Cover with 3-4cm of soil and then water thoroughly.

[0035] Cover the ridge surface with a 10-15cm thick mixture of chestnut leaves and chestnut shells (the chestnut shells need to be crushed) to retain moisture and warmth.

[0036] The rootstock transplanting method is suitable for chestnut trees that are 1-3 years old. The specific steps are as follows:

[0037] Select wild Cimicifuga rhizome roots that are 4 years or older or artificially propagated rhizome roots that are 3 years old;

[0038] On the ridge, make holes with a plant spacing of 35-40cm and a row spacing of 35-40cm. The holes should be 15-20cm deep. Plant one seedling root bud in each hole, cover with soil to cover the top bud by 4-5cm, and water thoroughly after planting.

[0039] Cover the ridge surface with a 10-15cm thick mixture of chestnut leaves and chestnut shells (the chestnut shells need to be crushed), or cover with biodegradable black mulch. In spring, make holes at the seedling emergence point (insert disposable chopsticks at the seedling sowing point as markers) to facilitate seedling germination.

[0040] In the above method, step S3, the field management includes the following steps:

[0041] Cultivation and weeding, topdressing, management, seedling harvesting and pest control.

[0042] During the growing season, the soil should be loosened and weeds removed frequently. The depth of the weeding should be 2-3 cm to prevent damage to the rhizomes.

[0043] The steps for applying topdressing are as follows:

[0044] After harvesting sprouts every Spring Festival, dig a fertilization trench 10-15cm deep and 10-15cm wide between two rows and apply the organic fertilizer at a rate of 1000-1500kg / mu. In June and July, depending on the growth of the seedlings, dig a trench in the middle of the ridge and apply high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK: 20-10-20) at a rate of 15-25kg / mu.

[0045] After the plants wither in autumn, spread 5-8cm of well-rotted cow manure on the ridges;

[0046] From the third year onwards, apply high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK: 20-10-20) in furrows in the middle of the ridges every June to July, at a rate of 30-50 kg / mu. After the plants wither in autumn, spread a 6-10 cm layer of well-rotted cow manure and chestnut shells in a 1:1 ratio on the ridges.

[0047] The management steps are as follows: For 2-year-old Cimicifuga, cut off all inflorescences in the early stage of flower bud formation to promote rhizome growth;

[0048] Water according to soil moisture conditions. Water thoroughly when the soil moisture content is below 18%. Drain water promptly during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging and root rot.

[0049] Before the tender shoots of Cimicifuga emerge from the soil in spring, mix the fallen leaves and chestnut shells of the previous year with the soil in a 1:1 ratio and use it for hilling up the ridges. The hilling height should be 3-5cm, and the hilling should be done 2-3 times to promote the growth of the underground parts.

[0050] Before the rainy season arrives in July or August, mound soil 3-5cm upside down.

[0051] Chestnut tree management is the same as for chestnut trees planted without bulrushes, including timely removal of fallen branches, leaves, and fruit.

[0052] Harvest the Cimicifuga foetida seedlings when they grow to 15-20cm in spring. Harvest twice in spring. When harvesting, cut the seedlings 3-5cm below the soil surface with a knife (the white rhizomes are below the soil surface). After harvesting, apply 20kg / mu of compound fertilizer (NPK: 15-15-15) or 500kg / mu of organic fertilizer. Water the seedlings after the wounds have healed.

[0053] The steps for pest control are as follows:

[0054] Cimicifuga is relatively resistant to pests and diseases, with the main concern being gray spot disease, which typically occurs from July to September. Preventative measures include spraying with Bordeaux mixture before the onset of disease, repeating 2-3 times at 0.5-1 month intervals. For early-stage control, use a 500-fold dilution of 65% mancozeb. Secondly, damping-off disease is a concern. Before transplanting, seedlings should be soaked in a 400-600-fold dilution of 50% thiram for 30 minutes. When disease occurs, promptly remove infected plants and sterilize the planting hole with a 500-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim.

[0055] The method of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0056] 1. By utilizing the canopy density of chestnut trees, the shading requirement for Cimicifuga seedlings during planting is eliminated.

[0057] 2. Chestnut branches, leaves, and shells are utilized in a reasonable manner.

[0058] 3. It improved land use efficiency and increased revenue.

[0059] 4. It promotes the growth of chestnuts, resulting in a higher yield than chestnuts grown alone.

[0060] 5. After years of experimental comparison, this invention selects Cimicifuga as a crop for intercropping in chestnut forests. Through innovations in site selection, land preparation, planting, forest management, and harvesting, it provides new technical methods for developing a forest-medicinal herb integrated model. It also promotes the extension of the medicinal and edible properties of Cimicifuga and the ecological planting of chestnuts.

[0061] 6. Ecological benefits: It reduces the amount of pesticides (herbicides), lowers the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution, and has a significant effect on improving soil fertility. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 The image shown is from an embodiment of the present invention, showing the seedlings after direct seeding. Detailed Implementation

[0063] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0064] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0065] The organic fertilizer used in the following examples consists of: 40% chicken manure, 15% cow manure, 30% chestnut shells, 10% chestnut branch powder, 3% chestnut fallen leaves, 1% agricultural rare earth elements, and 1% sulfur powder.

[0066] The particle size of the chestnut branch shreds is 0.5~2.0cm.

[0067] The preparation method is as follows:

[0068] Mix the materials, add 1 kg of cellulose-degrading bacteria agent (Beijing Century Ams Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) per ton of material, sprinkle water evenly to make the material moisture content 60%, and carry out aerobic fermentation in windrows. The fermentation temperature is 55-70℃. After fermentation for 10-15 days, turn the pile until the pile temperature does not exceed 30℃, which means that fermentation is complete.

[0069] The organic fertilizer prepared by this invention has an organic matter content of 40% and a pH of 6.8, which is beneficial to the growth of Cimicifuga and chestnut trees.

[0070] The organic fertilizer of this invention uses chestnut shells, which contain more than 50% crude fiber, and chestnut branches, which contain more than 55% crude fiber. After being crushed, they have good water retention and air permeability. When applied to the soil, they can increase the soil organic matter content, improve the soil aggregate structure, and prevent soil compaction.

[0071] The method of this invention uses chestnut shells as a covering material, which can retain moisture and increase temperature, promote the growth of sprout roots, and significantly increase the yield of Cimicifuga rhizome.

[0072] Example 1: Cimicifuga foetida planted in chestnut forests with trees over 3 years old – direct seeding

[0073] 1. Land preparation

[0074] Spread organic fertilizer evenly on the soil between two rows of chestnut trees at a rate of 2000 kg / mu. Till the soil to a depth of 20 cm with a rotary tiller, and then create ridges 130 cm wide and 15 cm high along the direction of the tree rows. Water thoroughly after creating the ridges.

[0075] Dig a 30cm deep drainage ditch along the edge of the ridge.

[0076] 2. Seed direct seeding

[0077] On September 10th, make furrows 25cm apart and 3cm deep on the ridges. Sow 3-5 seeds evenly in each furrow, spaced 25cm apart. Cover with 2cm of fine soil, compact, and water with a watering can (to prevent excessive water flow from washing the seeds out of the ground). Mark the sowing points 3-4cm apart with disposable chopsticks or sticks. Cover the ridges with biodegradable black plastic film. After 10 days, enlarge the holes in the chopsticks to facilitate seedling germination. The sowing rate is 1.5kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). After emergence, thin the seedlings to 5-8cm height, leaving one seedling per acre. Figure 1 As shown.

[0078] 3. Field management after the second year

[0079] Water thoroughly in the spring of the second year when the soil moisture content is below 20%. Remove all flower buds at the initial bud stage. Regularly loosen the soil and weed during the growing season. In mid-June, apply a high-nitrogen, high-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK: 20-10-20) in furrows in the middle of the ridges at a rate of 20 kg / mu. After the plants have dried out in autumn, spread a 5cm layer of well-rotted cow manure on the ridges.

[0080] After the third year onwards, after harvesting the sprouts in spring, apply 20 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (NPK:15:15:15) in furrows in the middle of the ridges. In mid-June each year, apply 40 kg / mu of high-nitrogen, high-potassium compound fertilizer (NPK:20-10-20) in furrows. After the plants wither in autumn, spread a 6-10 cm layer of a 1:1 mixture of well-rotted cow manure and chestnut shells (the chestnut shells must be crushed) on the ridges. Ensure timely drainage during the rainy season to prevent root rot and seedling death.

[0081] Starting from the third year, before the new shoots of Cimicifuga emerge in spring, mix the previous year's fallen chestnut leaves and shells with soil in a 1:1 ratio and use this mixture for hilling up the raised beds. Hill up to a height of 3-5 cm each time, with an interval of 3-5 days between each hilling, for 2-3 times to promote underground growth. Hill up again to a depth of 3-5 cm before the rainy season in July. Spray Bordeaux mixture three times consecutively in July, August, and September each year to prevent gray spot disease. If symptoms appear, use a 500-fold dilution of 65% mancozeb for control.

[0082] 4. Harvesting of seedlings

[0083] Harvest the Cimicifuga seedlings in the spring of the third year after sowing, when they have grown to 15-20cm. Water the seedlings after harvesting, allowing the wounds to heal.

[0084] Example 2: Planting vegetable-grade Cimicifuga in chestnut forests with trees over 3 years old – seedling transplanting

[0085] 1. Land preparation

[0086] Spread organic fertilizer evenly on the soil between two rows of chestnut trees at a rate of 2500 kg / mu. Till the soil to a depth of 25 cm using a rotary tiller, and then create ridges 130 cm wide and 20 cm high along the tree rows. Water thoroughly after creating the ridges. Dig drainage ditches 30 cm deep along the edges of the ridges.

[0087] 2. Seedling transplanting

[0088] On October 30th, dig holes on the raised beds with a plant spacing of 30cm and a row spacing of 30cm. Each hole should be 15cm deep, and one two-year-old seedling should be planted in each hole. Cover the seedlings with soil to a depth exceeding the terminal bud by 3cm. Water thoroughly after transplanting. Cover the raised beds with a 15cm thick mixture of fallen chestnut leaves and chestnut shells to retain moisture and warmth.

[0089] 3. Field management after the second year

[0090] The management is the same as in Example 1.

[0091] 4. Harvesting of seedlings

[0092] Harvest the Cimicifuga seedlings in the spring of the third year after transplanting, when they grow to 15-20cm.

[0093] Example 3: Planting vegetable-grade Cimicifuga in chestnut forests with 1-year-old trees—root transplanting, 1-year-old trees

[0094] 1. Land preparation

[0095] Spread organic fertilizer evenly on the soil between two rows of chestnut trees at a rate of 2500 kg / mu. Till the soil to a depth of 30 cm using a rotary tiller, and then create ridges 130 cm wide and 20 cm high along the tree rows. Water thoroughly after creating the ridges. Dig drainage ditches 30 cm deep along the edges of the ridges.

[0096] 2. Seedling transplanting

[0097] On October 30th, dig holes on the raised beds with a plant spacing of 35cm and a row spacing of 35cm, and a hole depth of 20cm. Plant one wild Cimicifuga rhizome (over 4 years old) in each hole, and cover it with soil to a height exceeding the terminal bud by 5cm. Water thoroughly after transplanting. Cover the raised beds with a 15cm thick mixture of chestnut leaves and chestnut shells to retain moisture and warmth.

[0098] 3. Field management after the second year after transplanting

[0099] The management is the same as in Example 1.

[0100] 4. Harvesting of seedlings

[0101] Harvest the Cimicifuga seedlings when they grow to 15-20cm in the spring of the second year after transplanting.

[0102] Comparative Example 1: Cimicifuga rhizome grown on ordinary farmland

[0103] 1. Land preparation

[0104] Spread organic fertilizer evenly on the soil at a rate of 2500 kg / mu. Till the soil to a depth of 25 cm using a rotary tiller, and create ridges 130 cm wide and 20 cm high. Water thoroughly after creating the ridges. Dig drainage ditches 30 cm deep along the edges of the ridges.

[0105] 2. Seed direct seeding

[0106] On September 10th, make furrows 25cm apart and 3cm deep on the ridges. Sow 3-5 seeds evenly in each furrow at 35cm intervals, cover with 2cm of fine soil, compact, and water with a watering can (to prevent excessive water flow from washing the seeds out of the ground). Mark the sowing points 3-4cm apart with disposable chopsticks or sticks, then cover the ridges with biodegradable black plastic film. After 10 days, enlarge the holes in the chopsticks to facilitate seedling germination. The sowing rate is 1.5kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). After emergence, thin the seedlings to 5-8cm in height, leaving one seedling per acre. If the light intensity on the ridges exceeds 50,000 lux after emergence, use a shade net for shading.

[0107] 3. Field management after the second year after transplanting

[0108] Water thoroughly in the spring of the second year when the soil moisture content is below 20%. Remove all flower buds at the initial bud stage. Regularly loosen the soil and weed during the growing season. Use shade netting when light intensity exceeds 50,000 lux. In mid-June, apply 20 kg / mu of high-nitrogen, high-potassium compound fertilizer (20-10-20) in furrows in the middle of the ridges. After the plants wither in autumn, spread 5 cm of well-rotted cow manure on the ridges. From the third year onwards, after harvesting the sprouts in spring, apply 20 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) in furrows in the middle of the ridges. In mid-June each year, apply 40 kg / mu of high-nitrogen, high-potassium compound fertilizer (20-10-20) in furrows. After the plants wither in autumn, spread 6-10 cm of well-rotted cow manure on the ridges. Ensure timely drainage during the rainy season to prevent root rot and seedling death. Starting from the third year, before the new shoots of Cimicifuga emerge in spring, mix soil and well-rotted cow manure in a 1:1 ratio and mound the soil around the seedbed to a height of 3-5 cm. Repeat this mounding 2-3 times, with an interval of 3-5 days between each mounding, to promote the growth of the underground parts. Before the rainy season in July, mound the soil again to a depth of 3-5 cm. Every year in July, August, and September, spray Bordeaux mixture three times consecutively to prevent gray spot disease. If symptoms appear, treat with a 500-fold dilution of 65% mancozeb.

[0109] 4. Harvesting of seedlings

[0110] Harvest the Cimicifuga seedlings in the spring of the third year after transplanting, when they grow to 15-20cm.

[0111] In Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1, three rows of Cimicifuga were planted, each row being 20m long. Each row was sampled and tested separately for mathematical statistical analysis.

[0112] The sprout yields of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0113] Table 1. Yield of Sprouts

[0114]

[0115] The data in Table 1 show that the yield of Cimicifuga planted in chestnut forests is higher than that of control group 1, indicating that planting Cimicifuga under chestnut trees can effectively increase the yield of Cimicifuga sprouts and increase economic benefits.

[0116] The survival rates of Cimicifuga in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 2.

[0117] Table 2 Survival rate of Cimicifuga rhizome

[0118]

[0119] Compared with planting Cimicifuga in ordinary cultivated land, the survival rates of Examples 1-3 in the second and third years were significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1. Similarly, with direct seeding, the survival rates of Example 1 in the second and third years were significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1, indicating that planting Cimicifuga in chestnut forests can effectively improve the survival rate.

[0120] The quality of the Cimicifuga sprouts in the third year after sowing in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 3.

[0121] Table 3. Quality analysis in the third year after sowing

[0122]

[0123] As can be seen from the data in Table 3, in the third year of Examples 1-3, the reduced vitamin C, total soluble sugar, and soluble solids in the sprouts were all higher than those in Comparative Example 1, indicating that planting Cimicifuga in chestnut forests can improve the quality of the sprouts.

[0124] Example 3 shows that sprout production began in the second year, and the annual yield and quality were higher than those of other examples, as was the survival rate.

[0125] The economic benefits of Example 3 and planting chestnuts alone are shown in Table 4.

[0126] Table 4 Comparative Economic Benefit Analysis of Example 3

[0127]

[0128] Based on the average selling price of chestnuts (11.6 yuan / kg) and Cimicifuga (60 yuan / kg) in 2023, the total revenue from intercropping Cimicifuga in chestnut forests (taking Example 3 as an example) for the first five years was 177,124.51 yuan, while the total revenue from planting chestnuts alone was only 4,675.73 yuan. Intercropping Cimicifuga increases chestnut yield by 10.18% compared to planting chestnuts alone. Furthermore, the roots of Cimicifuga also have economic value, but much less than the sprouts (the yield of five-year-old Cimicifuga roots is 350 kg (dried), with a price of 62 yuan / kg in 2022).

[0129] Nutrient analysis of the soil in Example 3 and the soil in which chestnuts were planted alone is shown in Table 5.

[0130] Table 5 Soil nutrient status in the 5th year of Example 3

[0131]

[0132] Note: Soil sampling depth is 0-30cm.

[0133] As shown in Table 5, planting Cimicifuga in chestnut forests increases the content of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total nitrogen, thus having a certain soil fertility-improving effect. Furthermore, the pH level decreases, which promotes chestnut cultivation in the generally alkaline soils of northern regions (which are most suitable for growth in soils with a pH of 5.5-6.5).

[0134] In summary, planting chestnuts in inter-forest areas has the following advantages over planting them in cultivated land:

[0135] 1. By utilizing the canopy density of chestnut trees, the shading requirement for Cimicifuga seedlings during planting is eliminated.

[0136] 2. Chestnut branches, leaves, and shells are utilized in a reasonable manner.

[0137] 3. It improved land use efficiency and increased revenue.

[0138] 4. It promotes the growth of chestnuts, resulting in a higher yield than chestnuts grown alone.

[0139] 5. After years of trial and comparison, this invention selected Cimicifuga as a crop for intercropping in chestnut forests. Through innovations in site selection, land preparation, planting, forest management, and harvesting, it provides new technical methods for developing a forest-medicinal herb integrated model. It also promotes the extension of the medicinal and edible properties of Cimicifuga and the ecological planting of chestnuts.

[0140] 6. Ecological benefits: It reduces the amount of pesticides (herbicides), lowers the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution, and has a significant effect on improving soil fertility.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating vegetarian cimicifuga in chestnut forests, comprising the following steps: S1. Select chestnut forest land intercropped with Cimicifuga and prepare the land. S2. Sow Cimicifuga in chestnut forest land; S3. Conduct field management; In step S1, the chestnut forest has the following characteristics: The soil layer is 30-50cm deep, with good drainage, sandy loam or rich in organic matter, and a pH of 6.5-8.

5. The canopy density of the chestnut forest is 30% to 65%, the spacing between chestnut trees is 3 to 4 meters and 3 to 5 meters, with 33 to 74 trees planted per mu (667 square meters), and no Cimicifuga has been planted there for at least 5 years. Altitude below 1500m; The distance between two rows of chestnut trees is 3 to 5 meters; The slope is 0 to 10 degrees.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the land preparation steps are as follows: Apply organic fertilizer before ridging, and then deep plow. The planting method is to use raised beds with a ridge width of 100-140cm, a bed height of 15-20cm, a bed spacing of 30-40cm, and a drainage ditch 30-35cm deep at the ridge end.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The application rate of the organic fertilizer is 2000~2500 kg / mu; The depth of the deep turning is 20~30cm; The organic fertilizer is made from chicken manure, cow manure, chestnut shells, crushed chestnut branches, fallen chestnut leaves, and agricultural rare earth elements. The preparation method is as follows: After mixing the materials, add cellulose-degrading bacteria and control the moisture content to 55%~65%. Carry out aerobic fermentation in windrows at a temperature of 55~70℃. Turn the pile every 10~15 days until the pile temperature does not exceed 30℃, at which point fermentation is complete.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: In step S2, the sowing methods are direct seeding, seedling transplanting, and root transplanting.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steps for seed live streaming are as follows: Direct seeding should be carried out in the fall; The soil temperature at 0-20cm depth should be 15-19℃. At least 2 days before sowing, thoroughly water the ridge surface. When sowing, make furrows on the ridge surface with a row spacing of 25-30cm and a furrow depth of 3-5cm. Sow the seeds evenly in the furrows with a plant spacing of 25-30cm. Cover with 1.5-2cm of fine soil, compact, and water. Cover the ridge surface with a 3-5cm thick mixture of chestnut leaves and chestnut shells to retain moisture, or cover with biodegradable black mulch. Make holes at the seedling emergence point 10-15 days later. The sowing rate is 1.5~2.5 kg per mu; After emergence, thin the seedlings when they reach a height of 5-8cm, leaving one seedling per hole.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steps for seedling transplanting are as follows: Transplant two-year-old seedlings in autumn; On the raised bed, make holes with a row spacing of 30-35cm and a plant spacing of 30-35cm. The holes should be 10-15cm deep, with one seedling planted in each hole. Cover with 3-4cm of soil and then water thoroughly. Cover the ridge with a 10-15cm thick mixture of chestnut leaves and chestnut shells to retain moisture and warmth.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steps for transplanting the seed roots are as follows: Select wild Cimicifuga rhizome roots that are 4 years or older or artificially propagated rhizome roots that are 3 years old; On the ridge, make holes with a plant spacing of 35-40cm and a row spacing of 35-40cm. The holes should be 15-20cm deep. Plant one seedling root bud in each hole, cover with soil to cover the top bud by 4-5cm, and water thoroughly after planting. Cover the ridges with a 10-15cm thick mixture of fallen chestnut leaves and chestnut shells, or cover with biodegradable black mulch, making holes at the seedling emergence points in spring.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: In step S3, the field management includes the following steps: Cultivation and weeding, topdressing, management, seedling harvesting and pest control.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The depth of the weeding and hoeing is 2-3 cm; The steps for applying topdressing are as follows: After harvesting sprouts every Spring Festival, dig a fertilization trench 10-15cm deep and 10-15cm wide between two rows and apply organic fertilizer at a rate of 1000-1500 kg / mu. In June and July, apply high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer in the middle of the ridge according to the growth of the seedlings at a rate of 15-25 kg / mu. After the plants wither in autumn, spread 5-8cm of well-rotted cow manure on the ridges; After the third year, apply high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer in the middle of the ridge in June and July each year, at a rate of 30-50 kg / mu. After the plants wither in autumn, spread a 6-10 cm layer of well-rotted cow manure and chestnut shells in a 1:1 mixture on the ridge. The management steps are as follows: For 2-year-old Cimicifuga, cut off all inflorescences in the early stage of flower bud formation to promote rhizome growth; Water thoroughly when the soil moisture content is below 18%. Before the tender shoots of Cimicifuga emerge from the soil in spring, mix the fallen leaves and chestnut shells of the previous year with the soil in a 1:1 ratio and use it for hilling up the ridges. The hilling height is 3-5cm, and the hilling is done 2-3 times. Before the rainy season arrives in July or August, mound soil 3-5cm upside down. The steps for harvesting the seedlings are as follows: Harvest the Cimicifuga foetida seedlings when they grow to 15-20cm in spring. Cut the seedlings 3-5cm below the soil surface with a knife. Harvest twice in spring and apply fertilizer after each harvest. The steps for pest control are as follows: Before the onset of the disease, Bordeaux mixture was used to prevent gray spot disease; in the early stage of the disease, mancozeb was used to control gray spot disease. When transplanting, soak the seedlings in a solution of thiram to prevent damping-off; during the disease period, sterilize the planting hole with carbendazim.

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