A radioactive decontamination material and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of radiation protection and environmental protection, and specifically relates to a radioactive decontamination material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. The radioactive decontamination material at least comprises a neutron protection compound and a nuclide protection compound. The radioactive decontamination material can absorb rays and neutrons in a nuclear contaminated environment at the same time, eliminating the hazards of nuclear radiation and neutron radiation in the nuclear contaminated environment. Specifically, it can wrap radioactive nuclides in a nuclear contaminated environment, prevent radioactive nuclides from continuing to release rays and neutrons into the environment, and facilitate subsequent treatment of waste. At the same time, the preparation method of the present invention does not require special equipment and harsh conditions, has a simple process, strong controllability, and is easy to achieve large-scale production, so it has good practical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of radiation protection and environmental protection, and specifically relates to a radioactive decontamination material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The information disclosed in the background of the invention is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be necessarily regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

[0003] As human beings’ need for energy increases, the scale of nuclear energy will also develop. The operation of more nuclear facilities will accumulate more spent fuel and nuclear waste, and the types and scale of industrial and medical radioisotopes are also expanding. The resulting radioactive waste gas, wastewater and solid waste have become the focus and difficulty of radiation safety and protection supervision. Therefore, how to safely use and handle radionuclides and minimize their negative impact on the environment and humans has become an important issue of common concern to the current society.

[0004] Taking the Department of Radiology of medical institutions as an example, there are a large number of unsealed radioactive materials in the environment, also known as open radiation sources, such as liquids containing radionuclides, powdered radioactive materials, and radioactive gases, etc. Once ingested into the body, the radionuclides will be deposited in the body, causing internal irradiation to the human body. Therefore, the development of products with nuclear radiation protection functions in the working environment of the Department of Radiology has both high scientific research value and strong practical application value.

[0005] In the application of nuclear medicine isotope imaging and treatment technology, radioactive substances mainly include beta rays (99%) and gamma rays (1%) emitted by medical nuclides such as iodine 131 (I-131), technetium 99 (Tc-99) and fluorine 18 (18-F). In addition to the nuclear pollution caused by the use of radioactive drugs, the neutrons produced when cyclotrons are used to prepare radioactive isotopes in hospitals are another major source of radiation pollution. Therefore, medical institutions need to protect against neutron and radiation hazards at the same time and implement radioactive decontamination.

[0006] There are many methods for radioactive decontamination. When choosing a decontamination technology, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the pollution, the applicable medium and characteristics, the amount of waste generated during decontamination and waste management issues, decontamination performance, costs, operational safety, etc. Mechanical and physical decontamination: Use physical-mechanical methods to remove contamination, such as wiping the surface of radioactive contamination, and removing it through chemical reactions such as dissolution of chemical reagents and contamination, surface coordination, etc.

[0007] Among neutron absorption shielding materials, boron-10 has a large neutron absorption cross section, does not release gamma particles, is soluble in water, is non-toxic or has low toxicity, is not easy to react in the air, and has low acidity and alkalinity. However, there is no report on the preparation of liquid radioactive decontamination materials by combining it with radiation protection materials. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a radioactive decontamination material and a preparation method and application thereof. Specifically, the present invention uses a neutron protection compound and a nuclide protection compound to obtain a radioactive decontamination material, which can be used to remove nuclear radiation dust, aerosols, etc. in the air and on the surface of objects in a nuclear contaminated environment. Based on the above research results, the present invention is completed.

[0009] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radioactive decontamination material, the radioactive decontamination material comprising at least a neutron protection compound and a nuclide protection compound;

[0011] Wherein, the neutron protection compound is boric acid or a soluble non-toxic compound containing boron 10 element; further, the neutron protection compound can also be boric acid.

[0012] The nuclide protection compound is selected from non-toxic or low-toxic soluble compounds containing elements including but not limited to tungsten, tantalum, lanthanum, and cerium, and is further selected from any one or more of sodium citratungstate, sodium tantalate, lanthanum chloride, and cerium chloride.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned radioactive decontamination material, the preparation method comprising:

[0014] S1. dispersing the neutron protection compound into water, adding a stabilizer and stirring to obtain a mixed solution;

[0015] S2, adding the nuclide protection compound to the mixed solution prepared in step S1, and dissolving by ultrasonic stirring.

[0016] The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above radioactive decontamination material in the preparation of nuclear radiation protection products.

[0017] Beneficial technical effects of one or more of the above technical solutions:

[0018] The radioactive decontamination material obtained by the above technical solution can absorb radiation and neutrons in the nuclear contaminated environment at the same time, thereby effectively eliminating the radiation hazards of nuclear radiation and neutrons in the nuclear contaminated environment, thereby effectively blocking the radioactive nuclides from continuing to release radiation and neutrons into the environment, and facilitating the subsequent treatment of waste; at the same time, by optimizing the use of various raw materials in the radioactive decontamination material, the stability of the preparation product is greatly improved, which is conducive to actual production and application; at the same time, the preparation method of the above technical solution has a simple process and strong controllability, and does not require special equipment and strict and harsh conditions, so it is very easy to achieve large-scale production, so the above technical solution has good practical application value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0021] The present invention is further described in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the content thereof. If the specific experimental conditions are not specified in the examples, they are usually carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the reagent company; the reagents and consumables used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial sources.

[0022] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a radioactive decontamination material is provided, wherein the radioactive decontamination material comprises at least a neutron protection compound and a nuclide protection compound;

[0023] Among them, the neutron protection compound is boric acid or a soluble non-toxic compound containing boron 10 element; further, since the abundance of boron-10 and boron-11 in natural boron element is 19.78% and 80.22% respectively, a high dose of natural boron element can be used instead of boron-10 as a neutron protection material, so the neutron protection compound can also be boric acid.

[0024] The nuclide protection compound is selected from non-toxic or low-toxic soluble compounds containing elements including but not limited to tungsten, tantalum, lanthanum, and cerium, and is further selected from any one or more of sodium tungstate, sodium tantalate, lanthanum chloride, and cerium chloride.

[0025] Wherein, the mass ratio of the neutron protection compound to the nuclide protection compound is 1-10:0.05-0.5.

[0026] The solvent of the radioactive decontamination material may be water, and further may be deionized water.

[0027] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the radioactive decontamination material may also contain a stabilizer, and the stabilizer may be any one or more of glycerol, gum arabic, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; in particular, the stabilizer is a mixture of glycerol and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of glycerol to sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 2-4:1-2. The present invention has found through research that even if glycerol is used alone and its content is increased, a stable radioactive decontamination material cannot be obtained, especially the nuclide protection compound is prone to precipitation and crystallization, which affects the product performance. The synergistic use of glycerol and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose significantly improves the solubility and stability of the above-mentioned active ingredients, so that the solution remains clear and transparent, effectively avoiding the formation of precipitation, greatly improving the stability of the radioactive decontamination material, and thus delaying its service life. Further, the content of the stabilizer in the radioactive decontamination material is 0.1-2% (w / w).

[0028] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing the above-mentioned radioactive decontamination material is provided, the preparation method comprising:

[0029] S1. dispersing the neutron protection compound into water, adding a stabilizer and stirring to obtain a mixed solution;

[0030] S2, adding the nuclide protection compound to the mixed solution prepared in step S1, and dissolving by ultrasonic stirring.

[0031] Wherein, in the step S1, the mass ratio of the neutron protection compound to water is 1:5-1000; further 1:10-100; and the water is deionized water.

[0032] The stabilizer can be any one or more of glycerol, gum arabic, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Further, the stabilizer is a mixture of glycerol and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of glycerol to sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 2-4:0.5-1.

[0033] The stirring time is controlled to 0.5-2h;

[0034] In step S2, the ultrasonic stirring time is 1-3 hours, and the ultrasonic frequency is 30-50 kHz.

[0035] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, there is provided the use of the above radioactive decontamination material in the preparation of nuclear radiation protection products.

[0036] The nuclear radiation protection products can be products containing the above-mentioned radioactive decontamination materials, such as air sprays, wet wipes, square towels, and devices, equipment and systems (such as intelligent electric sprayers) containing the above-mentioned radioactive decontamination materials, especially in environments containing radioactive pollutants such as radioactive dust and aerosols, including but not limited to institutions (such as hospitals, scientific research institutions) with radiation sources (such as corresponding nuclear devices and equipment), etc.

[0037] The present invention is further explained by the following examples, but they are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The test methods for the specific conditions in the following examples are usually carried out under normal conditions.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] 0.3g sodium tungstate and 0.8g glycerol were added to 100mL deionized water and stirred for 1h to dissolve. 2g boric acid was added to the solution and stirred for 2h at 40kHz ultrasonic frequency to obtain a clear and transparent solution. The prepared clear and transparent solution was placed at 4°C and the stability of the sample was investigated within 48 hours (sampling time points were 0h, 24h and 48h) by a clarity tester. The results showed that the sample had crystallization at 24h. The amount of glycerol was further increased to 1.2g, 1.6g, 2.0, and 3.0g. It was found that the crystallization was the same as that of 0.8g when added to 1.2g. When added to 1.6g, the sample had crystallization at 48h. The situation of 2.0g was the same as that of 1.6g. The 3.0g sample had no crystallization within 48h, but the stability investigation time was further extended and it was found that it had crystallization at 72h, indicating that the stability of the preparation was poor.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that 0.8g of glycerol is replaced by 0.8g of glycerol + 0.4g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and a clear and transparent solution is obtained after stirring and dissolving. The prepared clear and transparent solution is placed at 4°C, and the stability of the preparation of the sample within 48 hours (sampling time points are 0h, 24h and 48h) is inspected by a clarity tester. The results show that it is clear and transparent. The sample stability inspection time is further extended, and it is found that no crystal precipitation and precipitation phenomenon are observed within 1 month, showing excellent stability.

[0042] Using it as liquid spray material and ultrasonic spray mode, the removal rate of radioactive iodine dust and aerosol in nuclear contaminated air reached 98% (I131 The activity concentration is 3000Bq / m 3 ), static action time is 50 minutes, and the atomization effect is uniform and delicate.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that 0.8g of glycerol is replaced by 0.6g of glycerol + 0.2g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and a clear and transparent solution is obtained after stirring and dissolving. The prepared clear and transparent solution is placed at 4°C, and the stability of the preparation of the sample within 48 hours (sampling time points are 0h, 24h and 48h) is inspected by a clarity tester. The results show that it is clear and transparent. The sample stability inspection time is further extended, and it is found that no crystal precipitation and precipitation phenomenon are observed within 1 month, which also shows excellent stability.

[0045] Using it as liquid spray material and ultrasonic spray mode, the removal rate of radioactive iodine dust and aerosol in nuclear contaminated air reached 96% (I 131 The activity concentration is 3000Bq / m 3 ), static action time is 45 minutes, and the atomization effect is uniform and delicate.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that 0.3g sodium tungstate is replaced by 0.3g sodium tantalate, and 0.8g glycerol is replaced by 0.6g glycerol + 0.2g sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. After stirring and dissolving, a clear and transparent solution is obtained. The prepared clear and transparent solution is placed at 4°C, and the stability of the preparation of the sample within 48 hours (sampling time points are 0h, 24h and 48h) is inspected by a clarity tester. The results show that it is clear and transparent. The sample stability inspection time is further extended, and it is found that no crystal precipitation and precipitation phenomenon are observed within 1 month, which also shows excellent stability.

[0048] Using it as liquid spray material and ultrasonic spray mode, the removal rate of radioactive iodine dust and aerosol in nuclear contaminated air reached 93% (I 131 The activity concentration is 3000Bq / m 3 ), static action time is 40 minutes, and the atomization effect is uniform and delicate.

[0049] Example 5

[0050] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that 0.3g sodium tungstate is replaced by 0.3g lanthanum chloride, and 0.8g glycerol is replaced by 0.6g glycerol + 0.2g sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. After stirring and dissolving, a clear and transparent solution is obtained. The prepared clear and transparent solution is placed at 4°C, and the stability of the preparation of the sample within 48 hours (sampling time points are 0h, 24h and 48h) is inspected by a clarity tester. The results show that it is clear and transparent. The sample stability inspection time is further extended, and it is found that no crystal precipitation and precipitation phenomenon are observed within 1 month, showing excellent stability.

[0051] Using it as liquid spray material and ultrasonic spray mode, the removal rate of radioactive iodine dust and aerosol in nuclear contaminated air reached 94% (I 131 The activity concentration is 3000Bq / m 3 ), static action time is 55 minutes, and the atomization effect is uniform and delicate.

[0052] Matters not covered by the present invention are known technologies.

[0053] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radioactive decontamination material, characterized in that: The radioactive decontamination material at least comprises a neutron protection compound and a nuclide protection compound; Wherein, the neutron protection compound is boric acid or a soluble non-toxic compound containing boron 10 element; The nuclide protection compound is selected from non-toxic or low-toxic soluble compounds containing tungsten, tantalum, lanthanum and cerium elements; The mass ratio of the neutron protection compound to the nuclide protection compound is 1-10:0.05-0.5; The radioactive decontamination material further contains a stabilizer, and the content of the stabilizer in the radioactive decontamination material is 0.1-2%. w / w ; The stabilizer is a mixture of glycerol and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of glycerol to sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 2-4:0.5-1.

2. The radioactive decontamination material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The neutron shielding compound may be replaced by boric acid formed from natural boron element.

3. The radioactive decontamination material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nuclide protection compound is selected from any one or more of sodium tungstate, sodium tantalate, lanthanum chloride and cerium chloride.

4. The radioactive decontamination material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent of the radioactive decontamination material is water.

5. The radioactive decontamination material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water is deionized water.

6. The method for preparing the radioactive decontamination material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises: S1. dispersing the neutron protection compound into water, adding a stabilizer and stirring to obtain a mixed solution; S2, adding the nuclide protection compound to the mixed solution prepared in step S1, and dissolving by ultrasonic stirring.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step S1, the mass ratio of the neutron protection compound to water is 1:5-1000.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S1, the mass ratio of the neutron protection compound to water is 1:10-100.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The water is deionized water.

10. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the stirring time is controlled to be 0.5-2h.

11. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the ultrasonic stirring time is 1-3 h, and the ultrasonic frequency is 30-50 kHz.

12. Use of the radioactive decontamination material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the preparation of nuclear radiation protection products.

13. The use according to claim 12, characterized in that The nuclear radiation protection product is a product containing the radioactive decontamination material, and the product includes air spray, wet wipes, square towels and a system containing the radioactive decontamination material.