The present invention provides 
recombinant DNA comprising a transcription 
promoter and a downstream sequence to be expressed, in operable linkage therewith, wherein the transcription 
promoter comprises a region found upstream of the 
open reading frame of a highly expressed Phaffia 
gene, preferably a glycolytic pathway 
gene, more preferably the 
gene coding for 
Glyceraldehyde-3-
Phosphate Dehydrogenase. Further preferred recombinant DNAs according to the invention contain promoters of 
ribosomal protein encoding genes, more preferably wherein the transcription 
promoter comprises a region found upstream of the 
open reading frame encoding a 
protein as represented by one of the 
amino acid sequences depicted in any one of SEQIDNOs: 24 to 50. According to a further aspect of the invention an isolated 
DNA sequence coding for an 
enzyme involved in the 
carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of 
Phaffia rhodozyma is provided, preferably wherein said 
enzyme has an activity selected from 
isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase activity, geranylgeranyl 
pyrophosphate synthase activity, phytoene synthase activity, phytoene desaturase activity and 
lycopene cyclase activity, still more preferably those coding for an 
enzyme having an 
amino acid sequence selected from the one represented by SEQIDNO: 13, SEQIDNO: 15, SEQIDNO: 17, SEQIDNO: 19, SEQIDNO: 21 or SEQIDNO: 23. Further embodiments concern vectors, transformed host organisms, methods for making proteins and / or carotenoids, such as 
astaxanthin, and methods for isolating highly expressed promoters from Phaffa.