The present invention discloses an apparatus and a method for butanol production through dual bacteria immobilization anaerobic fermentation, wherein the apparatus comprises a fermentation culture medium storage tank, a butyric acid production immobilization reactor A, a butanol production immobilization reactor C, and a product collection tank, wherein the devices are sequentially connected in series through pipelines. According to the present invention, butyric acid production anaerobic bacteria and butanol production anaerobic bacteria are respectively immobilized in the butyric acid production immobilization reactor A and the butanol production immobilization reactor C to carry out dual bacteria immobilization, and a fermentation culture medium is controlled to flow from the fermentation culture medium storage tank, sequentially flows through the butyric acid production immobilization reactor A and the butanol production immobilization reactor C to carry out continuous anaerobic fermentation, and finally flows into the product collection tank, wherein the butyric acid production anaerobic bacteria adopts a substrate to produce butyric acid, and the butanol production anaerobic bacteria adopts the butyric acid as a substrate to produce butanol. With the method, a fermentation period can be substantially shortened, and substrate conversion rate and yield of the butanol can be increased.