The invention concerns an oxidising aqueous composition useful in particular for disinfection, hygiene and depollution purposes, and for surface treatment (particularly a metal surface to be stripped and / or passivated), and said composition, containing in water hydrogen peroxide, a RCO2H / RCO3H mixture (wherein R is a C1-C6 aliphatic radical with linear or branched hydrocarbon chain, saturated or unsaturated), a stabilising agent which is an acid and, as the case may be, Ag<+> ions. The invention is characterised in that it contains ions of at least one metal M which are ions of Ag<II>, Ag<III>, V<V>, Nb<V>, Ta<V>, Mo<VI>, W<VI>, Co<III>, In<III >or Tl<III>. Advantageously, said composition can be in gel form. The invention also concerns the method for preparing said composition.