A solid waste treatment device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of solid waste treatment device, including cold source supply mechanism, solid waste classification mechanism and crushing mechanism, cold source supply mechanism is connected with crushing mechanism, for providing cold source to crushing mechanism;Solid waste classification mechanism includes multiple solid waste storage barrels, solid waste classification mechanism is used to divide the solid waste to be disposed into different categories and is stored in the solid waste storage barrel of corresponding category, and the solid waste that enters crushing mechanism each time is the solid waste stored in the same solid waste storage barrel.The solid waste treatment device of the application, by classifying radioactive waste and then disposing, reduces the irradiation dose of personnel and improves the efficiency of post-processing;Then the cold source supply mechanism is used to pass cold source into the crushing mechanism to perform cryogenic embrittlement on the solid waste placed in the crushing mechanism, while crushing in the crushing mechanism, can effectively crush the solid waste, effectively reduce the volume of radioactive solid waste during collection and packaging, without rebounding and recovering, and without harmful pollution gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nuclear power plant solid waste volume reduction and treatment technology, and specifically relates to a solid waste treatment device. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear energy, as a green, efficient, and clean energy source, has significant advantages in optimizing the energy structure and promoting sustainable economic development, thus meeting the national strategy of green, low-carbon, and sustainable development. However, nuclear power plants generate a large amount of radioactive solid waste during operation. While these low-level radioactive solid wastes have relatively low radioactive doses, their storage requires substantial space. Statistical data shows that low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste accounts for less than 10% of the radioactive waste generated by nuclear power plants, yet occupies over 90% of the storage space. The ever-increasing volume of solid waste occupies a significant amount of disposal space, severely hindering the development of nuclear energy. Therefore, effectively reducing the volume of radioactive waste can promote the sustainable development of the nuclear industry.

[0003] Solid waste generated by nuclear power plants can be divided into technical waste and process waste. Technical waste is mainly generated during routine maintenance and includes items such as plastic sheeting, absorbent paper, cotton gloves, rags, discarded work clothes, and rubber gloves. Its main components are plastics, rubber, paper, and textiles (cotton, synthetic fibers, and nylon products). Currently, volume reduction methods for this solid waste include cold volume reduction (supercompression) and thermal volume reduction (incineration and molten salt calcination). Supercompression is the simplest method for solid waste volume reduction; however, after the pressure is released during compaction, the plastics, paper, and personal protective equipment in the waste exhibit significant rebound, severely affecting the volume reduction effect. Prolonged storage may lead to expansion and rupture of the container, causing leakage risks. Incineration can achieve the maximum volume reduction of solid waste, but the complex composition of the combusted solid waste and incomplete combustion can lead to the production of dioxins and SO2. x and NO x The emission of polluting gases, including radioactive waste gases from incineration, presents a significant challenge for disposal. Safety measures, such as fire prevention and environmental protection, must also be considered during on-site treatment. Molten salt calcination treatment involves complex equipment and processes, and is costly, limiting its widespread application in engineering projects.

[0004] Therefore, although existing methods such as supercompression, incineration, and molten salt calcination can all achieve volume reduction, cold volume reduction carries the risk of expansion and rupture leading to leakage, while hot volume reduction presents problems such as radioactive fumes, fire safety, and environmental issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of solid waste volume reduction treatment device that can effectively avoid the drawbacks of the above two methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a solid waste treatment device that can effectively avoid the risk of radioactive leakage caused by cold volume reduction treatment, as well as the impact of radioactive fumes and toxic and harmful polluting gases generated by thermal volume reduction treatment on fire protection and environmental protection.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A solid waste treatment device includes a cold source supply mechanism, a solid waste sorting mechanism, and a crushing mechanism. The cold source supply mechanism is connected to the crushing mechanism and is used to provide a cold source to the crushing mechanism. The solid waste sorting mechanism includes multiple solid waste storage bins. The solid waste sorting mechanism is used to sort the solid waste to be treated into different categories and store them in the corresponding category of the solid waste storage bins. Each time the solid waste enters the crushing mechanism, it is the solid waste stored in the same solid waste storage bin.

[0008] The crushing mechanism includes a hopper, a crushing conveyor, a screening machine, and a separation component. A first pipe is provided between the screening machine and the separation component, a second pipe is provided between the separation component and the hopper, and a third pipe is provided between the first pipe and the hopper. The screening machine is provided with a first cold source inlet. The first pipe and the second pipe are used together to return the cold source passing through the separation component to the hopper. The first pipe and the third pipe are used together to return a portion of the cold source entering the screening machine to the hopper.

[0009] By setting up a cold source supply mechanism, a solid waste sorting mechanism, and a pulverizing mechanism, radioactive solid waste such as plastics, rubber, paper, and textiles (cotton, chemical fibers, and nylon products) generated by nuclear power plants is first sorted to reduce personnel radiation dose and improve post-processing efficiency. Then, the cold source supply mechanism introduces cold energy into the pulverizing mechanism to perform cryogenic embrittlement on the solid waste placed inside, while simultaneously pulverizing it. The pulverized solid waste does not exhibit the rebound phenomenon that occurs with supercompression methods, avoiding the risk of leakage and a series of problems such as radioactive fumes and toxic and harmful pollutants generated by thermal volume reduction treatments such as incineration. In addition, the cold source circulating in the pulverizing mechanism can be recycled, reducing the use of cold source, which helps to enhance the cryogenic effect, improve pulverizing efficiency, and save solid waste disposal costs.

[0010] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the cold source supply mechanism includes a cold source storage tank and a cold source conveying assembly. The top and bottom of the cold source storage tank are respectively provided with a first cold source inlet and a first cold source outlet. The cold source conveying assembly includes a control cabinet and a pressure pump located within the control cabinet. One end of the pressure pump is provided with a second cold source inlet, and the other end of the pressure pump is provided with a second cold source outlet. In some embodiments of the present invention, the cold source is preferably liquid nitrogen. During operation, the cold source is added to the cold source storage tank from the first cold source inlet. The first cold source outlet is connected to the second cold source inlet of the pressure pump, and the pressure pump conveys the cold source from the second cold source outlet to the crushing mechanism.

[0011] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the solid waste sorting mechanism includes a workbench, a conveyor, a sorting component, and solid waste storage bins arranged sequentially. The workbench is used to place solid waste, and a first robotic arm is provided on one side of the workbench for gripping the solid waste on the workbench onto the conveyor. Multiple solid waste storage bins are arranged along the conveying direction of the conveyor. Before solid waste sorting, the solid waste to be sorted is placed on the workbench. The first robotic arm grips one piece of solid waste at a time and places it onto the conveyor, which then conveys it to the sorting component for sorting and storage in the corresponding category of solid waste storage bin, thus completing the solid waste sorting. This makes it easier to pulverize solid waste of the same category, improving pulverization efficiency and effect.

[0012] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the sorting assembly includes a box and a first identification area and a second identification area located within the box. The first identification area and the second identification area are connected. The end of the first identification area away from the second identification area is connected to the conveyor table, and the end of the second identification area away from the first identification area is connected to the solid waste storage bin. A solid waste identification system and a second robotic arm are provided on the top of the inner wall of the box. In some embodiments of the present invention, it is necessary to pre-enter all types of radioactive waste to be pulverized into the control system to form a database. The solid waste conveyed by the conveyor table first arrives at the first identification area, where the solid waste identification system identifies the solid waste as radioactive waste. By comparing it with the database of radioactive waste entered into the control system, the system automatically determines the category of radioactive waste. Then, the second robotic arm clamps the solid waste from the first identification area to the second identification area.

[0013] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, first side plates are respectively provided on both sides of the first identification area, and a second side plate is provided at the end of the first identification area near the conveyor table; third side plates are respectively provided on both sides of the second identification area; the first identification area and the second identification area are located on the same horizontal plane, and a baffle is provided between the first identification area and the second identification area, the baffle being slidably connected to the first identification area, the bottom surface of the baffle being in contact with the first identification area, and the length of the baffle being equal to the width of the second identification area. The first side plate, the second side plate, and the third side plate are provided to prevent solid waste from falling. The baffle being slidably connected to the first identification area allows the solid waste located in the second identification area to be pushed into the solid waste storage bin by the movement of the baffle. The bottom surface of the baffle being in contact with the first identification area is to avoid gaps between the baffle and the plane where the second identification area is located, which would prevent small solid waste from being pushed into the solid waste storage bin; the length of the baffle being equal to the width of the second identification area is to prevent the baffle from not contacting the solid waste located in the corners or near the edges of the second identification area.

[0014] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, a push rod is provided on the side of the baffle near the first identification area. The push rod is fixedly connected to the baffle, and a driver is provided at the bottom of the push rod. The driver is used to drive the push rod to move along the length direction of the second identification area. By driving the push rod to move, the driver drives the baffle to move, so that the baffle can push the solid waste into the solid waste storage bin.

[0015] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, each solid waste storage bin is rotatably provided with two cover plates on its top. The two cover plates are symmetrically arranged, and their adjacent sides are abutted against each other. The top surface of the cover plates is flush with or lower than the plane where the second identification area is located. The width of the two cover plates on each solid waste storage bin is greater than the opening width of the solid waste storage bin, and the adjacent sides of the two cover plates of two adjacent solid waste storage bins are abutted against each other. The arrangement of the cover plates ensures that the push rod can move the baffle from the second identification area to the cover plate of a solid waste storage bin near the second identification area and can continue to move to the cover plate of the last solid waste storage bin, thereby ensuring that the sorted solid waste can smoothly enter the corresponding solid waste storage bin.

[0016] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the solid waste sorting mechanism further includes a control system electrically connected to the first robotic arm, the second robotic arm, the conveyor, the sorting assembly, and the cover plates. In some embodiments of the present invention, the two cover plates on each solid waste storage bin are capable of rotating downwards under the control of the control system, causing the cover plates to retract inwards and downwards, ensuring that the solid waste storage bin is in an open state, facilitating the falling of solid waste into it. Furthermore, in the present invention, the number of solid waste storage bins is equal to the number of all types of radioactive waste included in the database of the control system.

[0017] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the crushing mechanism further includes a feeder, one end of which is used to feed the solid waste, and the other end of which is connected to the hopper. The bottom of the hopper is connected to the crushing conveyor, and the bottom of the crushing conveyor is connected to the screening machine. A second cold source inlet is provided on the crushing conveyor for introducing a cold source into the crushing conveyor. In some embodiments of the present invention, a robotic arm can be installed between the solid waste storage bin of the solid waste sorting mechanism and the crushing mechanism to pour the solid waste from the storage bin into the feeder of the crushing mechanism; alternatively, the solid waste can be directly poured into the feeder by manual handling of the storage bin. In addition, a screw feeder is used to send the solid waste to be crushed into the hopper, from where it enters the crushing conveyor. The crushing conveyor is equipped with a second cold source inlet, which can be connected to the second cold source outlet of the pressure pump, inputting cold source into the crushing conveyor to pre-cool the solid waste. The crushing conveyor is equipped with a refrigerant spraying device and a material turning device, enabling simultaneous pre-cooling and crushing of the solid waste. The pre-cooled and crushed solid waste is then conveyed to a screening machine. The second cold source outlet of the pressure pump is connected to the first cold source inlet of the screening machine, introducing a larger amount of cold source into the screening machine. The solid waste, already crushed in the crushing conveyor, is further embrittled at low temperature. Within the crushing chamber of the screening machine, the impeller rotates at high speed, and the solid waste undergoes repeated impacts, collisions, shearing, and friction with the blades, toothed discs, and other solid waste particles, achieving the desired crushing effect. The high-pressure airflow generated during the crushing of solid waste and the airflow from the cold source expansion are discharged from the machine chamber through the swirl window of the static classifier of the screening machine. After the material is crushed to the required particle size, it can follow the airflow into the subsequent separation components for separation. Solid waste that does not meet the particle size requirements remains in the screening machine. After it hits the blades of the static classifier on the screening machine, it will bounce back into the crushing chamber for further crushing until the crushed particle size meets the requirements before entering the subsequent separation components.

[0018] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the separation assembly includes a first induced draft fan, a second induced draft fan, a first cyclone separator, a second cyclone separator, and a filter. The first induced draft fan is located between the screening machine and the first cyclone separator, the second cyclone separator is located downstream of the first cyclone separator, the filter is located downstream of the second cyclone separator, and the second induced draft fan is located downstream of the filter. A first collection bucket is provided at the bottom of the first cyclone separator, and a second collection bucket is provided at the bottom of the second cyclone separator. The first induced draft fan introduces the pulverized solid waste into the first cyclone separator, where the solid waste is separated from the airflow. The solid waste is deposited at the bottom of the first cyclone separator by rotation and falls from the bottom into the first collection bucket for collection. Part of the airflow containing solid waste particles flows out from the top of the first cyclone separator and enters the second cyclone separator for further separation. The remaining solid waste is deposited at the bottom of the second cyclone separator by rotation and falls from the bottom into the second collection bucket for collection. The remaining trace amount of airflow containing solid dust flows out from the top of the second cyclone separator and enters the filter for further filtration and purification. The purified cold airflow flows into the hopper through the second induced draft fan, pre-cooling the solid waste entering the hopper. By recycling the cold source, the airflow in the entire crushing mechanism can be kept cold at all times, which helps to save costs. In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer walls of both the first and second collection buckets are provided with shielding layers, which helps to reduce the radiation dose level and ensure the safety of operators. In addition, the first and second collection buckets can be manually handled to transfer solid waste and replace collection buckets, or tracks can be installed at their bottoms to achieve automated transport of collection buckets.

[0019] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the first pipe connects the screening machine and the first induced draft fan, the second pipe connects the second induced draft fan and the silo, a fourth pipe is provided between the first induced draft fan and the first cyclone separator, the fourth pipe is also provided between the first cyclone separator and the second cyclone separator, and a fifth pipe is provided between the second cyclone separator and the filter; valves are provided on both the second and third pipes. The second pipe allows the purified cold airflow from the filter to flow into the silo via the second induced draft fan for recycling, and the third pipe allows a portion of the cold airflow from the screening machine to the first induced draft fan to flow into the silo, both used for pre-cooling the solid waste entering the silo.

[0020] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the particle size of the solid waste entering the first cyclone separator from the screening machine via the first induced draft fan is less than 200 mesh.

[0021] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, when the working time of the crushing mechanism is less than or equal to 2 hours, the power of the pressure pump is set to be greater than the power of the first induced draft fan, and the valves on the second and third pipes are both in the open state. This arrangement ensures that the flow rate of the cold source from the screening machine to the first induced draft fan is greater than the flow rate of the cold source that the first induced draft fan can introduce, ensuring that a portion of the cold source can enter the silo from the first pipe through the third pipe to pre-cool the solid waste to be disposed of in the silo. When the working time of the crushing mechanism is greater than 2 hours, the power of the pressure pump is set to be less than the power of the first induced draft fan, the valve on the second pipe is in the open state, and the valve on the third pipe is in the closed state. When the continuous working time of the crushing mechanism is greater than 2 hours, the temperature of the entire crushing mechanism is low, and it is in a good cold environment, so it is no longer necessary to introduce the portion of the cold source flowing from the screening machine to the first induced draft fan into the silo through the third pipe.

[0022] According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, a shielding cover and an air purification mechanism are also included. The pulverizing mechanism is located inside the shielding cover, and the air purification mechanism is connected to the shielding cover. The air purification mechanism is used to maintain a negative pressure inside the shielding cover. The external air purification mechanism is used to purify radioactive aerosols and dust in the work area, which helps ensure a safe working environment. Furthermore, the shielding cover allows the entire pulverizing mechanism to adopt a closed-loop design, reducing the leakage of radioactive solid waste dust.

[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the advantages of the solid waste treatment device of the present invention are as follows: By setting up a cold source supply mechanism, a solid waste sorting mechanism, and a crushing mechanism, for radioactive solid waste such as plastics, rubber, paper, and textiles (cotton, chemical fibers, and nylon products) generated by nuclear power plants, the radioactive waste is first sorted, reducing the radiation dose to personnel and improving post-processing efficiency; then, the cold source supply mechanism introduces a cold source into the crushing mechanism to perform deep cryogenic embrittlement on the solid waste placed in the crushing mechanism, while simultaneously crushing it within the crushing mechanism, which can effectively crush the solid waste and achieve effective volume reduction in the collection and packaging of radioactive solid waste. The crushed solid waste will not exhibit the rebound phenomenon caused by the super-compression method, avoiding the risk of leakage, and also avoiding a series of problems such as radioactive fumes and toxic and harmful polluting gases generated by thermal volume reduction treatments such as incineration; in addition, the cold source circulating in the crushing mechanism can be circulated back, which can reduce the use of the cold source, which is conducive to enhancing the deep cryogenic effect, improving crushing efficiency, and saving solid waste disposal costs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cold source supply mechanism in the solid waste treatment device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a first-view perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of the solid waste sorting mechanism in the solid waste treatment device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a two-dimensional structural diagram of the solid waste sorting mechanism in the solid waste treatment device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, viewed from a second perspective.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a two-dimensional structural diagram of the solid waste sorting mechanism in the solid waste treatment device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, viewed from a second perspective.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the crushing mechanism in the solid waste treatment device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] The attached figures are labeled as follows: cold source supply mechanism-1, cold source storage tank-11, first cold source inlet-111, first cold source outlet-112, cold source conveying assembly-12, control cabinet-121, pressure pump-122, second cold source inlet-123, second cold source outlet-124, solid waste sorting mechanism-2, workbench-21, first robotic arm-22, conveyor table-23, sorting assembly-24, box-241, first identification area-242, second identification area-243, solid waste identification system-244, second robotic arm-245, first side plate-246, second side plate-247, third side plate-248, baffle-24. 9. Push rod - 250, Solid waste storage tank - 25, Crushing mechanism - 3, Feeder - 31, Hopper - 32, Crushing conveyor - 33, Second cold source inlet - 331, Screening machine - 34, First cold source inlet - 341, Separation component - 35, First induced draft fan - 351, Second induced draft fan - 352, First cyclone separator - 353, First collection tank - 354, Second cyclone separator - 355, Second collection tank - 356, Filter - 357, First pipe - 358, Second pipe - 359, Fourth pipe - 360, Fifth pipe - 361, Third pipe - 36, Valve - 37, Shielding cover - 4, Air purification mechanism - 5. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Reference Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment provides a solid waste treatment device, including a cold source supply mechanism 1, a solid waste sorting mechanism 2, a crushing mechanism 3, a shielding cover 4, and an air purification mechanism 5. The cold source supply mechanism 1 is connected to the crushing mechanism 3 and is used to provide a cold source to the crushing mechanism 3. The solid waste sorting mechanism 2 is used to separate the solid waste to be treated into different categories. The solid waste entering the crushing mechanism 3 each time is stored in the same solid waste storage tank 25. The crushing mechanism 3 is located inside the shielding cover 4, and the air purification mechanism 5 is connected to the shielding cover 4 to maintain a negative pressure inside the shielding cover 4. The external air purification mechanism 5 is used to purify radioactive aerosols and dust in the working space, which helps to ensure the safety of the working environment. Furthermore, the setting of the shielding cover 4 makes the entire crushing mechanism 3 adopt a closed-loop design, reducing the leakage of radioactive solid waste dust.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cold source supply mechanism 1 includes a cold source storage tank 11 and a cold source conveying assembly 12. The top and bottom of the cold source storage tank 11 are respectively provided with a first cold source inlet 111 and a first cold source outlet 112. The cold source conveying assembly 12 includes a control cabinet 121 and a pressure pump 122 located in the control cabinet 121. One end of the pressure pump 122 is provided with a second cold source inlet 123, and the other end of the pressure pump 122 is provided with a second cold source outlet 124. In this embodiment, the cold source is preferably liquid nitrogen. During operation, liquid nitrogen is added to the cold source storage tank 11 from the first cold source inlet 111. The first cold source outlet 112 is connected to the second cold source inlet 123 of the pressure pump 122, and the pressure pump 122 conveys the liquid nitrogen from the second cold source outlet 124 to the crushing mechanism 3.

[0034] Furthermore, such as Figures 2 to 4As shown, the solid waste sorting mechanism 2 includes a workbench 21, a conveyor 23, a sorting component 24, and multiple solid waste storage bins 25 arranged sequentially. The workbench 21 is used to place solid waste. A first robotic arm 22 is arranged on one side of the workbench 21 to grip the solid waste on the workbench 21. Before sorting the solid waste, the solid waste to be sorted is placed on the workbench 21. The first robotic arm 22 grips one piece of solid waste at a time and places it on the conveyor 23. The conveyor 22 then transports the solid waste to the sorting component 24 for sorting and storage in the corresponding solid waste storage bin 25, thus completing the solid waste sorting. This makes it easier to crush solid waste of the same category, which is beneficial to improving the crushing efficiency and crushing effect.

[0035] Specifically, the sorting assembly 24 includes a housing 241 and a first identification area 242 and a second identification area 243 located within the housing 241. A solid waste identification system 244 and a second robotic arm 245 are installed on the top of the inner wall of the housing 241. The first identification area 242 is connected to the second identification area 243. The end of the first identification area 242 away from the second identification area 243 is connected to the conveyor 23, and the end of the second identification area 243 away from the first identification area 242 is connected to the solid waste storage bin 25. The first identification area 242 and the second identification area 243 are located on the same horizontal plane. A first side plate 246 is provided on both sides of the first identification area 242, and a second side plate 247 is provided on the end of the first identification area 242 closer to the conveyor 23. A third side plate 248 is provided on both sides of the second identification area 243 to prevent solid waste from falling onto the first identification area 242 and the second identification area 243. A baffle 249 is provided between the first identification area 242 and the second identification area 243. The baffle 249 is slidably connected to the first identification area 242. A push rod 250 is provided on the side of the baffle 249 near the first identification area 242. The push rod 250 is fixedly connected to the baffle 249, and a driver is provided at the bottom of the push rod 250. The driver is used to drive the push rod 250 to move along the length direction of the second identification area 243. By driving the push rod 250 to move, the driver drives the baffle 249 to move, so that the baffle 249 can push the solid waste into the solid waste storage bin 25. To prevent gaps between the baffle 249 and the plane of the second identification area 243 from preventing smaller solid waste from being pushed into the solid waste storage bin 25, the bottom surface of the baffle 249 is fitted to the first identification area 242, and the length of the baffle 249 is equal to the width of the second identification area 243. To prevent the baffle 249 from not contacting the solid waste located in the corner or near the edge of the second identification area 243, thus preventing the solid waste from being pushed into the solid waste storage bin 25, the length of the baffle 249 is equal to the width of the second identification area 243.

[0036] In this embodiment, all types of radioactive waste to be pulverized need to be pre-entered into the control system to form a database. The solid waste conveyed by the conveyor 23 first arrives at the first identification area 242. The solid waste identification system 244 will identify the solid waste as radioactive waste. By comparing it with the radioactive waste database entered into the control system, the category of radioactive waste is automatically determined. Then, the second robotic arm 245 clamps the solid waste in the first identification area 242 to the second identification area 243. The actuator drives the push rod 250 to move, which in turn moves the baffle 249, thereby pushing the solid waste located in the second identification area 243 into the corresponding category of solid waste storage bin 25 for storage.

[0037] Specifically, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 Multiple solid waste storage bins 25 are arranged along the conveying direction of the conveyor 23. In this embodiment, five solid waste storage bins 25 are arranged. Each solid waste storage bin 25 has two rotatably mounted cover plates on its top. The two cover plates are symmetrically arranged and their adjacent sides are in contact with each other. The top surface of the cover plates is flush with or lower than the plane where the second identification area 243 is located. In this embodiment, the top surface of the cover plates is flush with the plane where the second identification area 243 is located. The width of the two cover plates on each solid waste storage bin 25 is greater than the opening width of the solid waste storage bin 25. The adjacent sides of the two cover plates of two adjacent solid waste storage bins 25 are in contact with each other. Together, they are used to ensure that the push rod 250 can push the baffle 249 from the second identification area 243 to the cover plate of the solid waste storage bin 25 closest to the second identification area 243 and can continue to move to the cover plate of the last solid waste storage bin 25, thereby ensuring that the sorted solid waste can smoothly enter the corresponding solid waste storage bin 25.

[0038] Furthermore, the solid waste sorting mechanism 2 also includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the first robotic arm 22, the second robotic arm 245, the conveyor 23, the sorting component 24, and the cover plates on the solid waste storage bins 25. Under the control of the control system, the two cover plates on each solid waste storage bin 25 can rotate downwards, causing the cover plates to retract inwards and downwards, ensuring that the solid waste storage bins 25 are in the open state, making it easy for solid waste to fall into them.

[0039] Further, see Figure 5The crushing mechanism 3 includes a feeder 31, a hopper 32, a crushing conveyor 33, a screening machine 34, and a separation component 35. One end of the feeder 31 is used to feed solid waste, and the other end of the feeder 31 is connected to the hopper 32. The bottom of the hopper 32 is connected to the crushing conveyor 33, the bottom of the crushing conveyor 33 is connected to the screening machine 34, and the screening machine 34 is connected to the separation component 35. The screening machine 34 is provided with a first cold source inlet for introducing cold energy into the screening machine 34; the crushing conveyor 33 is provided with a second cold source inlet 331 for introducing cold energy into the crushing conveyor 33. Specifically, the separation assembly 35 includes a first induced draft fan 351, a second induced draft fan 352, a first cyclone separator 353, a second cyclone separator 355, and a filter 357. The first induced draft fan 351 is located between the screening machine 34 and the first cyclone separator 353. The second cyclone separator 355 is located downstream of the first cyclone separator 353. The filter 357 is located downstream of the second cyclone separator 355, and the second induced draft fan 352 is located downstream of the filter 357. A first collection bucket 354 is provided at the bottom of the first cyclone separator 353, and a second collection bucket 356 is provided at the bottom of the second cyclone separator 355. The outer walls of both the first collection bucket 354 and the second collection bucket 356 are provided with shielding layers, which helps to reduce the radiation dose level and ensure the safety of the operators. A first pipe 358 is provided between the screening machine 34 and the first induced draft fan 351; a second pipe 359 is provided between the second induced draft fan 352 and the silo 32; a third pipe 36 is provided between the first pipe 358 and the silo 32; a fourth pipe 360 ​​is provided between the first induced draft fan 351 and the first cyclone separator 353, and between the first cyclone separator 353 and the second cyclone separator 355; a fifth pipe 361 is provided between the second cyclone separator 355 and the filter 357; and valves 37 are provided on the second pipe 359 and the third pipe 36.

[0040] In this embodiment, a spiral feeder 31 is used to feed the solid waste to be crushed into the hopper 32, and then into the crushing conveyor 33. Since the crushing conveyor 33 is equipped with a second cold source inlet 331, which can be connected to the second cold source outlet 124 of the pressure pump 122, a cold source is input into the crushing conveyor 33 to pre-cool the solid waste in the crushing conveyor 33. The crushing conveyor 33 is equipped with a refrigerant spraying component and a material turning component, which can simultaneously realize the pre-cooling and crushing of the solid waste. The pre-cooled and crushed solid waste is conveyed to the screening machine 34. The second cold source outlet 124 of the pressure pump 122 is connected to the first cold source inlet 341 of the screening machine 34, and a large amount of cold source is introduced into the screening machine 34. The solid waste that has been crushed in the crushing conveyor 33 is further embrittled at low temperature. In the crushing chamber of the screening machine 34, the solid waste is crushed by the high-speed rotation of the impeller, the repeated impact, collision, shearing and friction between the solid waste and the blades, the toothed disc and the solid waste and the solid waste. The high-pressure airflow generated during solid waste crushing, along with the airflow from the cold source expansion, exits the machine chamber through the vortex window of the stationary classifier in the screening machine 34. Solid waste with particle sizes smaller than 200 mesh after crushing can follow the airflow into the first cyclone separator 353 via the first pipe 358, the first induced draft fan 351, and the fourth pipe 360. Solid waste with particle sizes greater than or equal to 200 mesh remains in the screening machine 34. After impacting the blades of the stationary classifier on the screening machine 34, it bounces back into the crushing chamber for further crushing until the particle size meets the requirements before entering the first cyclone separator 353. In the first cyclone separator 353, the solid waste is separated from the airflow. The solid waste is deposited at the bottom of the first cyclone separator 353 by rotation and falls from the bottom into the first collection bucket 354 for collection. A portion of the airflow containing solid waste particles flows out from the top of the first cyclone separator 353, enters the second cyclone separator 355 through another fourth pipe 360 ​​for further separation, and the remaining solid waste is deposited at the bottom of the second cyclone separator 355 by rotation and falls from the bottom into the second collection bucket 356 for collection. The remaining trace amount of airflow containing solid dust flows out from the top of the second cyclone separator 355, enters the filter 357 through the fifth pipe 361 for further filtration and purification, and the purified cold airflow flows into the hopper 32 through the second induced draft fan 352 and the second pipe 359, which can pre-cool the solid waste to be disposed of in the hopper 32. By recycling the cold source, the airflow in the entire crushing mechanism 3 can be kept cold at all times, which is beneficial to cost saving. The third pipe 36 allows part of the cold airflow from the screening machine 34 to the first induced draft fan 351 to flow into the hopper 32, which together are used to pre-cool the solid waste entering the hopper 32.

[0041] Furthermore, when the working time of the crushing mechanism 3 of the solid waste treatment device is less than or equal to 2 hours, the power of the pressure pump 122 is set to be greater than the power of the first induced draft fan 351, and the valves 37 on the second pipe 359 and the third pipe 36 are both in the open state, so as to ensure that the flow rate of the cold source entering the first induced draft fan 351 from the screening machine 34 is greater than the flow rate of the cold source that the first induced draft fan 351 can introduce, and ensure that a part of the cold source can enter the silo 32 from the first pipe 358 through the third pipe 36 to pre-cool the solid waste to be treated in the silo 32. When the working time of the crushing mechanism 3 is greater than 2 hours, the power of the pressure pump 122 is set to be less than the power of the first induced draft fan 351, and the valve 37 on the second pipe 359 is in the open state, while the valve 37 on the third pipe 36 is in the closed state. When the continuous working time of the crushing mechanism 3 is greater than 2 hours, the temperature of the entire crushing mechanism 3 is low and it is in a good cold environment. Therefore, it is no longer necessary to introduce the cold source part flowing from the screening machine 34 to the first induced draft fan 351 into the silo 32 through the third pipe 36.

[0042] The solid waste treatment device in this embodiment handles radioactive solid waste as follows:

[0043] Step 1: Add a certain volume of liquid nitrogen to the cold source storage tank 11.

[0044] Step 2: Place the radioactive solid waste to be crushed on the workbench 21 of the solid waste sorting mechanism 2 and start the mechanism. The first robotic arm 22 clamps a piece of solid waste and places it on the conveyor 23 to be transported to the first identification area 242 for solid waste identification. After solid waste identification, the classification is determined by comparing it with the solid waste types in the database. Then, the second robotic arm 245 clamps the solid waste to the second identification area 243. The driver is started to control the push rod 250 to move, thereby driving the baffle 249 to move, thus pushing the solid waste on the second identification area 243 into the corresponding solid waste storage bin 25 for storage.

[0045] Step 3: Connect the first cold source outlet 112 of the cold source storage tank 11 to the second cold source inlet 123 of the pressure pump 122 through a pipeline.

[0046] Step 4: Connect the second cold source outlet 124 of the pressure pump 122 to the first cold source inlet 341 of the screening machine 34 and the second cold source inlet 331 of the crushing conveyor 33, and open the valve 37 to start the control cabinet 121 to transport liquid nitrogen.

[0047] Step 5: The solid waste in a solid waste storage bin 25 is poured into the feeder 31 of the crushing mechanism 3 by a robotic arm, and then transported to the silo 32 by the feeder 31 for pre-cooling.

[0048] Step 6: The pre-cooled solid waste enters the crushing conveyor 33 from the hopper 32 for preliminary crushing and is then conveyed to the screening machine 34 for crushing and screening. When the size of the crushed solid waste particles is less than 200 mesh, they are screened out and enter the first cyclone separator 353 through the induced draft fan. Some solid waste particles are collected in the first collection bucket 354 at the bottom, and some airflow containing solid waste particles enters the second cyclone separator 355. The solid waste particles are collected in the second collection bucket 356 at the bottom, and the airflow with trace amounts of solid dust is filtered and purified through the filter 357. The purified airflow flows into the hopper 32 through the second induced draft fan 352 and the second pipe 359, making full use of the cold air to complete one cycle.

[0049] During the above operation, when the first collection bin 354 and the second collection bin 356 are full of solid waste particles, the solid waste can be transferred and the collection bins replaced manually. Alternatively, tracks can be installed at the bottom of the first collection bin 354 and the second collection bin 356 to achieve automatic transfer of the collection bins. In addition, when adding solid waste to the feeder 31, the solid waste can also be directly poured into the feeder 31 by manually moving the solid waste storage bin 25.

[0050] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid waste treatment apparatus, characterized by, The application relates to a solid waste treatment device, which comprises a cold source supply mechanism, a solid waste classification mechanism, a crushing mechanism, a shielding cover and an air purification mechanism, wherein the cold source supply mechanism is connected with the crushing mechanism and used for supplying a cold source to the crushing mechanism; the solid waste classification mechanism comprises a workbench, a conveying table, a sorting assembly and a plurality of solid waste storage barrels which are sequentially arranged; the plurality of solid waste storage barrels are arranged along the conveying direction of the conveying table; one side of the workbench is provided with a first mechanical arm; the sorting assembly comprises a box body and first and second identification areas in the box body; a solid waste identification system and a second mechanical arm are arranged on the top of the inner wall of the box body; the solid waste classification mechanism is used for classifying and storing solid waste to be disposed into different categories in corresponding solid waste storage barrels; solid waste entering the crushing mechanism at each time is solid waste stored in the same solid waste storage barrel; the solid waste is radioactive solid waste; the first and second identification areas are located on the same horizontal plane; a baffle is arranged between the first and second identification areas; the baffle is slidably connected with the first identification area; the bottom surface of the baffle is attached to the first identification area; the length of the baffle is equal to the width of the second identification area; a push rod is arranged on the side of the baffle close to the first identification area; the push rod is fixedly connected with the baffle; a drive is arranged at the bottom of the push rod and used for driving the push rod to move along the length direction of the second identification area; two cover plates are rotatably arranged on the top of each solid waste storage barrel; the two cover plates are symmetrically arranged and the side edges close to each other of the two cover plates are attached to each other; the top surface of the cover plate is flush with or lower than the plane where the second identification area is located; the width of the two cover plates on each solid waste storage barrel is greater than the opening width of the solid waste storage barrel; the side edges close to each other of the two cover plates between adjacent two solid waste storage barrels are attached to each other. The crushing mechanism comprises a stock bin, a crushing conveyor, a screening machine, a separation assembly and a feeder; a first pipeline is arranged between the screening machine and the separation assembly; a second pipeline is arranged between the separation assembly and the stock bin; a third pipeline is arranged between the first pipeline and the stock bin; a first cold source inlet is arranged on the screening machine; the first pipeline and the second pipeline are used for returning the cold source passing through the separation assembly to the stock bin; the first pipeline and the third pipeline are used for returning part of the cold source entering the screening machine to the stock bin. One end of the feeder is used for placing solid waste; the other end of the feeder is in communication with the stock bin; the bottom of the stock bin is in communication with the crushing conveyor; the bottom of the crushing conveyor is in communication with the screening machine; a second cold source inlet is arranged on the crushing conveyor and used for introducing the cold source into the crushing conveyor; the crushing mechanism is located in the shielding cover; the air purification mechanism is connected with the shielding cover and used for maintaining negative pressure in the shielding cover. The cold source supply mechanism comprises a cold source storage barrel and a cold source conveying assembly, the cold source conveying assembly comprises a control cabinet and a pressure pump in the control cabinet, when the working time of the crushing mechanism is less than or equal to 2h, the power of the pressure pump is greater than the power of the first air blower, and the valves on the second pipeline and the third pipeline are in the open state; when the working time of the crushing mechanism is greater than 2h, the power of the pressure pump is less than the power of the first air blower, the valve on the second pipeline is in the open state, and the valve on the third pipeline is in the closed state. The separation assembly comprises a first air blower, a second air blower, a first cyclone separator, a second cyclone separator and a filter, and the particle size of the solid waste entering the first cyclone separator from the screening machine through the first air blower is less than 200 mesh.

2. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein The top and bottom of the cold source storage barrel are respectively provided with a first cold source feeding port and a first cold source discharging port; one end of the pressure pump is provided with a second cold source feeding port, and the other end of the pressure pump is provided with a second cold source discharging port.

3. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein The workbench is used for placing solid waste, and the first mechanical hand is used for clamping the solid waste on the workbench to the conveying table.

4. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein The first identification area is connected with the second identification area, one end of the first identification area away from the second identification area is connected with the conveying table, and one end of the second identification area away from the first identification area is connected with the solid waste storage barrel.

5. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein Both sides of the first identification area are respectively provided with first side plates, and one end of the first identification area close to the conveying table is provided with a second side plate; both sides of the second identification area are respectively provided with third side plates.

6. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The solid waste classification mechanism further comprises a control system, and the control system is electrically connected with the first mechanical hand, the second mechanical hand, the conveying table, the sorting assembly and the cover plate.

7. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 2, wherein The first air blower is located between the screening machine and the first cyclone separator, the second cyclone separator is located downstream of the first cyclone separator, the filter is located downstream of the second cyclone separator, and the second air blower is located downstream of the filter; the bottom of the first cyclone separator is provided with a first collection barrel, and the bottom of the second cyclone separator is provided with a second collection barrel.

8. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The first pipeline is used for connecting the screening machine and the first air blower, the second pipeline is used for connecting the second air blower and the bunker, the fourth pipeline is arranged between the first air blower and the first cyclone separator, the fourth pipeline is also arranged between the first cyclone separator and the second cyclone separator, and the fifth pipeline is arranged between the second cyclone separator and the filter; the second pipeline and the third pipeline are both provided with valves.

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