Aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material and a preparation method and application thereof. The aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material comprises graphene, a carbonized ternary precursor and oxide nanoparticles; the graphene is coated on the surface of the carbonized ternary precursor, and the oxide nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor. The graphene is coated on the carbonized ternary precursor, and the oxide nanoparticles are loaded, and the three materials are matched with each other in a spatial structure, so that the aerogel material with excellent light absorption performance and photothermal evaporation performance is obtained, and the aerogel material can be applied to low-salt wastewater evaporation and is beneficial to scale-up and high efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of waste recycling technology and wastewater evaporation and desalination technology in the ternary precursor industry, such as an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material and its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, due to technological limitations and production line instability, a large number of large-particle ternary precursors are inevitably generated during the production process of related ternary precursors. These large-particle ternary precursors cannot achieve specific properties, so sieving is required to remove these large-particle ternary precursors to ensure that the physicochemical properties are not affected.

[0003] As production capacity continues to increase, the amount and accumulation of large particulate waste are also increasing, leading not only to resource waste, but also to space occupation, environmental pollution, and certain safety hazards. However, large particulate ternary precursor waste retains its original non-solid structure and has a large number of short and abundant vacuum channels, thus exhibiting excellent capillary effect. Furthermore, after high-temperature carbonization, it develops pores of different sizes on top of its original structure. The combination of these two factors enables efficient water quality transfer during wastewater evaporation. The required raw materials come from daily production, requiring no additional costs, and also solving the problem of large particulate waste accumulation.

[0004] On the other hand, the large-particle ternary precursor waste itself has low light absorption efficiency and photothermal conversion rate, which makes it unsuitable as a good aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material. Furthermore, its easy water absorption means that it cannot float stably on the liquid surface for a long time during use, and it cannot form an aerogel block with a fixed shape for a long time.

[0005] Related studies have found that graphene has good hydrophobic properties, high thermal conductivity, and fast heat transfer. It can absorb sunlight in a wide range of wavelengths and can carry and transport charge carriers excellently in wastewater photothermal evaporation, making it a commonly used photothermal evaporation material.

[0006] Therefore, how to rationally utilize the structural characteristics of large-particle ternary precursor waste to design graphene aerogels with light absorption and photothermal evaporation properties is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The following is an overview of the subject matter described in detail herein. This overview is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0008] This application provides an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material, its preparation method, and its application. This application uses large-particle (D>40μm) waste material from the production of ternary precursors in the new energy industry as a substrate, which greatly reduces the cost of preparing aerogel raw materials and reduces the need for substrates with pipe structures and capillary effects. This enables the reuse of waste from the ternary precursor process and improves resource utilization efficiency. After being coated with graphene, the resulting aerogel photothermal evaporation material can be used in the evaporation of low-salt wastewater, playing a green, environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and cost-reducing role.

[0009] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material, the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material comprising graphene, a ternary carbon precursor, and oxide nanoparticles.

[0010] The graphene is coated on the surface of the ternary carbon precursor, and the oxide nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of the graphene-coated ternary carbon precursor.

[0011] In this material, graphene forms a coating layer, a carbonized ternary precursor serves as a substrate, and the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material is a composite formed by the two.

[0012] Graphene possesses excellent hydrophobicity, high thermal conductivity, and rapid heat transfer properties, enabling it to absorb sunlight across a wide wavelength range. In wastewater photothermal evaporation, it excels at carrying and transporting charge carriers. Loaded oxide nanoparticles can enhance the light absorption efficiency of the graphene surface. Carbonized ternary precursors, as substrate materials, exhibit excellent capillary effects due to the abundance of short, dense vacuum channels within them. After carbonization, pores of varying sizes are created, achieving highly efficient water transport during wastewater evaporation.

[0013] This application obtains an aerogel material with excellent light absorption and photothermal evaporation properties by coating graphene onto a carbonized ternary precursor and loading oxide nanoparticles. The three materials complement each other in spatial structure, which can be applied to the evaporation of low-salt wastewater, thus facilitating large-scale and efficient production.

[0014] Preferably, the carbonized ternary precursor is ternary precursor particle waste that has undergone carbonization treatment.

[0015] Preferably, the ternary precursor particle waste is nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide, wherein the mass ratio of nickel, cobalt, and manganese elements is Ni:Co:Mn = (20-25%):(20-25%):(30-35%), for example, it can be 22%:20.5%:32.5%, 20%:20%:30%, 20%:25%:30%, 25%:20%:30%, or 25%:25%:35%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0016] Preferably, the ternary precursor particle waste is waste generated during the preparation of ternary precursors, and its particle size is above 40 μm, for example, it can be 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm or 60 μm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0017] This application uses ternary precursor particle waste (particle size range D>40μm) accumulated in the production of ternary precursors in the new energy industry as a base material, which greatly reduces the cost of preparing aerogel raw materials and reduces the need for a substrate with a channel structure and capillary effect, realizes the reuse of ternary precursor process production waste, and improves resource utilization efficiency.

[0018] Among them, the ternary precursor granular waste itself is a non-solid structure with short and abundant vacuum channels inside. As is an industry consensus, the existence of vacuum channels in ternary precursors can be clearly observed through cross-sectional electron microscopy images of ternary precursors. After carbonization, the ternary precursor granular waste will further generate abundant channels. The combined effect of these two factors results in an excellent capillary effect. By utilizing this capillary effect, a capillary network with efficient water quality transport is constructed, which effectively improves the water transport efficiency in the photothermal evaporation process, thereby directly improving the photothermal evaporation efficiency.

[0019] After being coated with graphene, ternary precursor particles, used as an aerogel substrate, not only enhance the heat retention capacity and reduce heat loss during evaporation, but also improve the light absorption capacity of the graphene-coated ternary precursor particles through the loading of nanoparticles, thereby increasing the photothermal evaporation efficiency. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of graphene prevents the ternary precursor particles from freely dispersing in water, allowing them to float stably on the liquid surface in a fixed block shape for a long time, which is beneficial for large-scale and efficient photothermal evaporation applications.

[0020] Preferably, the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material further includes a polymer coating layer, which is modified on the surface of the graphene-coated ternary carbon precursor.

[0021] Preferably, the polymer coating layer includes a polydopamine coating layer.

[0022] The polydopamine coating layer serves to provide highly active functional groups.

[0023] Preferably, the oxide nanoparticles include titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

[0024] Titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhance the light absorption of materials, improve light absorption efficiency, and increase the photothermal evaporation rate.

[0025] In a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for preparing the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material according to the first aspect, the preparation method comprising:

[0026] (1) Preparation of carbonized ternary precursors;

[0027] (2) Mix graphene oxide and the obtained ternary carbonized precursor to obtain graphene oxide-coated ternary carbonized precursor, then mix with a reducing agent, and after the reaction is completed, obtain graphene-coated ternary carbonized precursor.

[0028] (3) Mix nano-oxides and the obtained graphene to coat the carbonized ternary precursor, and carry out a hydrothermal reaction to obtain the loaded material;

[0029] (4) After heating the obtained load material to form a hydrogel, freeze-dry it to obtain the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material.

[0030] Preferably, the preparation method of the carbonized ternary precursor in step (1) includes: calcining the ternary precursor particle waste under a protective gas atmosphere to obtain the carbonized ternary precursor.

[0031] After carbonization, the ternary precursor particle waste retains its original structure but is rich in more pores. This is because during the calcination and carbonization process, the particles change from flakes to smaller blocks, the surface becomes smoother, and the pores between the particles increase to form pores.

[0032] Preferably, the heating rate of the calcination is 3 to 5 °C / min, for example, it can be 3 °C / min, 3.5 °C / min, 4 °C / min, 4.5 °C / min or 5 °C / min, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0033] Preferably, the calcination temperature is 500-800℃, for example, 500℃, 550℃, 600℃, 700℃ or 800℃, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0034] When the calcination temperature is between 300 and 500°C, the porosity begins to increase slightly; between 500 and 800°C, the porosity between particles increases and forms channels; at 800°C, a critical value is reached; above 800°C, the porosity continues to increase, causing the spherical ternary precursor to begin to decompose into a large number of irregular fragments, destroying the original structure.

[0035] Preferably, the calcination time is 2 to 4 hours, for example, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours or 4 hours, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0036] Preferably, the mixed graphene oxide and the obtained ternary carbonized precursor in step (2) are a mixed graphene oxide aqueous solution and the obtained ternary carbonized precursor.

[0037] Preferably, the concentration of the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 3 to 10 mg / mL, for example, it can be 3 mg / mL, 5 mg / mL, 7 mg / mL, 9 mg / mL or 10 mg / mL, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0038] Preferably, the solid-liquid ratio of the ternary carbon precursor and the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 1:(4-6)g / mL, for example, it can be 1:4g / mL, 1:4.5g / mL, 1:5g / mL, 1:5.5g / mL or 1:6g / mL, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0039] Preferably, after mixing the graphene oxide and the resulting carbonized ternary precursor in step (2), the process further includes stirring and filtration.

[0040] Preferably, the stirring time is 5 to 10 hours, for example, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours or 10 hours, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0041] Preferably, the reducing agent in step (2) includes any one or a combination of at least two of potassium borohydride solution, sodium borohydride solution or lithium borohydride solution. Typical but non-limiting combinations include a combination of potassium borohydride solution and sodium borohydride solution, a combination of sodium borohydride solution and lithium borohydride solution, or a combination of potassium borohydride solution and lithium borohydride solution.

[0042] Preferably, the concentration of the reducing agent is 0.5 to 3 mol / L, for example, it can be 0.5 mol / L, 1 mol / L, 1.5 mol / L, 2 mol / L or 3 mol / L, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0043] Preferably, the solid-liquid ratio of the graphene oxide-coated carbonized ternary precursor and the reducing agent in step (2) is 1:(50-100)g / mL, for example, it can be 1:50g / mL, 1:60g / mL, 1:70g / mL, 1:80g / mL, 1:90g / mL or 1:100g / mL, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0044] Preferably, the reaction time in step (2) is 8 to 12 hours, for example, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours or 12 hours, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0045] Preferably, step (3) further includes modifying the surface of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor with a polymer.

[0046] Preferably, the modification method includes: mixing dopamine solution, buffer solution and the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor, adjusting the pH and stirring, and then filtering and drying to obtain the polymer modified material.

[0047] Preferably, the concentration of the dopamine solution is 1 to 3 mg / mL, for example, it can be 1 mg / mL, 1.5 mg / mL, 2 mg / mL, 2.5 mg / mL or 3 mg / mL, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0048] Preferably, the buffer solution comprises a Tris buffer solution of 0.05 to 0.15 mol / L, such as 0.05 mol / L, 0.08 mol / L, 0.1 mol / L, 0.12 mol / L or 0.15 mol / L, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0049] Preferably, the solid-liquid ratio of the graphene-coated ternary precursor and the dopamine solution is 1:100 to 200 g / mL, for example, it can be 1:100 g / mL, 1:120 g / mL, 1:150 g / mL, 1:180 g / mL or 1:200 g / mL, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0050] Preferably, the pH adjustment is 8 to 13, for example, it can be 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0051] Preferably, the stirring time is 8 to 12 hours, for example, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours or 12 hours, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0052] Preferably, the drying temperature is 40 to 60°C, for example, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C or 60°C, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0053] Preferably, the mixing in step (3) further includes an alkaline solution.

[0054] Preferably, the solid-liquid ratio of the graphene-coated ternary carbon precursor and the alkaline solution is 1:(10-50) g / mL, for example, it can be 1:10 g / mL, 1:20 g / mL, 1:30 g / mL, 1:40 g / mL or 1:50 g / mL, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0055] Preferably, the alkaline solution comprises any one or a combination of at least two of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide. Typical but non-limiting combinations include combinations of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, combinations of calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide, and combinations of sodium hydroxide and barium hydroxide.

[0056] Preferably, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 8 to 10 mol / L, for example, it can be 8 mol / L, 8.5 mol / L, 9 mol / L, 9.5 mol / L or 10 mol / L, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0057] Titanium dioxide is readily soluble in strongly alkaline solutions under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Under the action of highly active functional groups, titanium dioxide nanoparticles are grown in situ on the surface of large particles of graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor waste, thereby enhancing its light absorption.

[0058] Preferably, the mass ratio of graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor to nano-oxide in step (3) is (4-6):1, for example, it can be 4:1, 4.5:1, 5:1, 5.5:1 or 6:1, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0059] Preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in step (3) is 120 to 160°C, for example, it can be 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C or 160°C, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0060] Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction time in step (3) is 12 to 24 hours, for example, 12 hours, 15 hours, 18 hours, 20 hours or 24 hours, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0061] Preferably, the heating in step (4) is water bath heating.

[0062] Preferably, the heating time in step (4) is 3 to 5 hours, for example, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours or 5 hours, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0063] Preferably, the heating temperature in step (4) is 70 to 90°C, for example, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C or 90°C, but not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0064] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an application of the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material according to the first aspect, wherein the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material is used for the evaporation of low-salt wastewater.

[0065] The aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material provided in this application can be used in the evaporation of low-salt wastewater, and can play a role in green environmental protection and energy saving and cost reduction.

[0066] Based on the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application are as follows:

[0067] This application embodiment obtains an aerogel material with excellent light absorption and photothermal evaporation properties by coating graphene onto a carbonized ternary precursor and loading oxide nanoparticles. The three materials cooperate with each other in spatial structure, which can be applied to the evaporation of low-salt wastewater, and is conducive to large-scale and high-efficiency production.

[0068] After reading and understanding the accompanying diagrams and detailed descriptions, the other aspects can be understood. Attached Figure Description

[0069] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solutions in this paper and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain the technical solutions in this paper and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions in this paper.

[0070] Figure 1 This is a microscopic morphology image of the aerogel photothermal evaporation material described in Example 1, magnified to: image width 20μm.

[0071] Figure 2 This is a microscopic morphology image of the aerogel photothermal evaporation material described in Example 1, magnified to: image width 2μm.

[0072] Figure 3 This is a time / evaporation rate change curve of the aerogel photothermal evaporation material described in Example 1 for pure water.

[0073] Figure 4This is a time / evaporation rate change curve of the aerogel photothermal evaporation material described in Example 1 for salt water. Detailed Implementation

[0074] The technical solution of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the examples below are merely simplified examples of this application and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of this application. The scope of protection of this application shall be determined by the claims.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] This embodiment provides an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material (microscopic morphology image magnified to a width of 20μm, as shown in the image). Figure 1 As shown, the microscopic morphology image is magnified to a width of 2μm. Figure 2 As shown, the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material includes graphene, a ternary carbon precursor, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles; the graphene is coated on the surface of the ternary carbon precursor, and the oxide nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of the graphene-coated ternary carbon precursor.

[0077] The carbonized ternary precursor is the substrate, which is carbonized ternary precursor particle waste (nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide, Ni:Co:Mn=22%:20.5%:32.5%, D>40μm). The aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material also includes a polydopamine coating layer, which is modified on the surface of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor.

[0078] The aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material is prepared by the following method:

[0079] (1) Under an argon atmosphere, the ternary precursor particle waste was calcined at 800°C at a rate of 4°C / min for 3 hours to obtain carbonized ternary precursor.

[0080] (2) Mix 50 mL of 8 mg / mL graphene oxide aqueous solution and 10 g of the obtained ternary carbon precursor, stir for 8 h, modify the ternary carbon precursor by the π-π stacking effect of graphene oxide, filter and wash with deionized water to obtain graphene oxide coated ternary carbon precursor, then weigh 10 g of graphene oxide coated ternary carbon precursor and mix with 500 mL of 1 mol / L potassium borohydride solution as a reducing agent, after the reaction is completed for 10 h, filter to obtain graphene coated ternary carbon precursor.

[0081] (3) 10g of the obtained graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor was placed in a 2mg / L dopamine solution, and 0.1mol / L Tris buffer was added to adjust the pH to 9. After stirring for 10h, the mixture was filtered and dried in an oven at 60℃ to obtain a polydopamine coating modifier. 2g of nano titanium dioxide and 10g of the obtained polydopamine coating modifier were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1 and placed in a 100mL 10mol / L sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture was subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 160℃ for 24h to obtain the loaded material.

[0082] (4) The obtained load material is heated in a water bath at 70°C for 3 hours to form a hydrogel, then filtered and freeze-dried to obtain the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] This embodiment provides an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material, which includes graphene, a ternary carbon precursor, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles; the graphene is coated on the surface of the ternary carbon precursor, and the oxide nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of the graphene-coated ternary carbon precursor.

[0085] The carbonized ternary precursor is the substrate, which is carbonized ternary precursor particle waste (nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide, Ni:Co:Mn=22%:20.5%:32.5%, D>40μm). The aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material also includes a polydopamine coating layer, which is modified on the surface of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor.

[0086] The aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material is prepared by the following method:

[0087] (1) Under an argon atmosphere, the ternary precursor particle waste was calcined to 780°C at a rate of 4°C / min for 4 hours to obtain carbonized ternary precursor.

[0088] (2) Mix 60 mL of 10 mg / mL graphene oxide aqueous solution and 10 g of the obtained ternary carbon precursor, stir for 10 h, modify the ternary carbon precursor by the π-π stacking effect of graphene oxide, filter and wash with deionized water to obtain graphene oxide coated ternary carbon precursor, then mix with 2 mol / L sodium borohydride solution as a reducing agent, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:100 g / mL, after the reaction is completed for 12 h, filter to obtain graphene coated ternary carbon precursor;

[0089] (3) The obtained graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor was placed in a 3 mg / mL dopamine solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:200 g / mL. 0.1 mol / L Tris buffer was added to adjust the pH to between 1 and 1. The mixture was stirred for 12 h, filtered, and dried in an oven at 60 °C to obtain a polydopamine coating modifier. Nano-titanium dioxide and the obtained polydopamine coating modifier were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1 and placed in an 8 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 g / mL. The mixture was subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 160 °C for 20 h to obtain the loaded material.

[0090] (4) The obtained load material is heated in a water bath at 80°C for 5 hours to form a hydrogel, then filtered and freeze-dried to obtain the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] This embodiment provides an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that it does not contain a polydopamine coating layer modified on the surface of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor.

[0093] Example 4

[0094] This embodiment provides an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the ternary precursor particle waste is not carbonized.

[0095] Example 5

[0096] This embodiment provides an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the ternary precursor particle waste is nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide, with Ni:Co:Mn = 22%:20.5%:32.5% and D = 35μm.

[0097] Example 6

[0098] This embodiment provides an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the temperature is raised to 850°C in step (1).

[0099] Example 7

[0100] This embodiment provides an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the dopamine solution in step (3) is replaced with H3PO4 solution for impregnation.

[0101] Comparative Example 1

[0102] This comparative example provides an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material, which differs from Example 1 in that it does not contain loaded titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

[0103] Comparative Example 2

[0104] This comparative example provides an aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material, which differs from Example 1 in that it does not contain loaded titanium dioxide nanoparticles and the ternary precursor particle waste has not been carbonized.

[0105] The water evaporation performance of the aforementioned aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material was tested using a conventional photothermal evaporation process. The specific steps were as follows: 200 mL of pure water was poured into two plastic beakers. The aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material was placed in one beaker, allowing it to float freely above the liquid surface. The other beaker was left unfilled and allowed to evaporate naturally under light as a control. Both beakers were then placed on a precision electronic balance, and their initial masses were recorded. A xenon lamp was turned on at a distance of 20–30 cm above each beaker to simulate sunlight. The xenon lamp aperture was adjusted to match the size of the beaker opening, and the light sources above both beakers were adjusted to provide standard sunlight of uniform intensity. The mass of pure water displayed on the precision electronic balance was recorded every 5 minutes. The change in pure water mass was recorded using the precision electronic balance. The photothermal evaporation performance test was completed after 60 minutes. By calculating the rate of change in water mass over time before and after the addition of the sample, a time / evaporation rate curve was plotted to compare the influence of the sample on the water evaporation rate. Finally, the pure water in the plastic beaker was replaced with low-salt wastewater generated daily in the ternary precursor synthesis workshop, and the above water evaporation performance experiment was repeated to obtain the photothermal evaporation performance of the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material on low-salt wastewater. The time / evaporation rate curves of the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material described in Example 1 for pure water and salt water are shown in the figure below. Figure 3 and 4 As shown in Table 1, the test results are as follows.

[0106] Table 1

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] This application obtains an aerogel material with excellent light absorption and photothermal evaporation properties by coating graphene onto a carbonized ternary precursor and loading oxide nanoparticles. The three materials complement each other in spatial structure, which can be applied to the evaporation of low-salt wastewater, thus facilitating large-scale and efficient production.

[0110] This application uses the large-particle waste material of ternary precursors accumulated in the production of ternary precursors in the new energy industry as a substrate, which greatly reduces the cost of preparing aerogel raw materials and reduces the need for substrates with pipe structure and capillary effect. It realizes the reuse of waste materials from the ternary precursor process and improves resource utilization efficiency. After being coated with graphene, the resulting aerogel photothermal evaporation material can be used in the evaporation of low-salt wastewater, playing a role in green environmental protection, energy saving and cost reduction.

[0111] After being coated with graphene, the ternary precursor large-particle waste material used as an aerogel substrate not only enhances its heat retention capacity and reduces heat loss during evaporation, but also improves the light absorption capacity of the graphene-coated ternary precursor large-particle waste material itself through the loading of nanoparticles, thereby improving the photothermal evaporation efficiency. Moreover, the hydrophobicity of graphene also prevents the ternary precursor large-particle waste aerogel from freely dispersing in water, allowing it to float stably on the liquid surface in a fixed block shape for a long time, which is beneficial for large-scale and efficient photothermal evaporation applications.

[0112] This application illustrates its detailed structural features through the above embodiments, but it is not limited to these detailed structural features, meaning that this application does not necessarily rely on them for implementation. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to this application, equivalent substitutions of selected components, additions of auxiliary components, and selection of specific methods all fall within the protection and disclosure scope of this application.

Claims

1. An aerogel interfacial photothermal evaporation material, wherein, The aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material comprises graphene, carbonized ternary precursor and oxide nanoparticles. The graphene is coated on the surface of the carbonized ternary precursor, and the oxide nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor. The oxide nanoparticles comprise titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

2. The aerogel interfacial photothermal evaporation material of claim 1, wherein, The carbonized ternary precursor is ternary precursor particle waste after carbonization treatment.

3. The aerogel interfacial photothermal evaporation material of claim 2, wherein, The ternary precursor particle waste is nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide, wherein the mass ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese is Ni:Co:Mn=(20-25%):(20-25%):(30-35%).

4. The aerogel interfacial photothermal evaporation material of claim 2, wherein, The ternary precursor particle waste is waste generated in the preparation process of ternary precursor, and the particle size is greater than 40 μm.

5. The aerogel interfacial photothermal evaporation material of claim 1, wherein, The aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material further comprises a polymer coating layer, and the polymer coating layer is modified on the surface of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor.

6. The aerogel interfacial photothermal evaporation material of claim 5, wherein, The polymer coating layer comprises a polydopamine coating layer.

7. The preparation method of the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising: (1) preparing carbonized ternary precursor; (2) mixing graphene oxide and the obtained carbonized ternary precursor to obtain graphene oxide-coated carbonized ternary precursor, and then mixing with a reducing agent, and after the reaction is completed, graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor is obtained; (3) mixing nano-oxide and the obtained graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor to perform hydrothermal reaction to obtain a loaded material; (4) heating the obtained loaded material to form a hydrogel, and then freeze-drying to obtain the aerogel interface photothermal evaporation material.

8. The production method according to claim 7, wherein The preparation method of the carbonized ternary precursor in step (1) comprises: calcining ternary precursor particle waste under a protective gas atmosphere to obtain the carbonized ternary precursor.

9. The production method according to claim 8, wherein The heating rate of the calcination is 3-5 ℃ / min.

10. The production method according to claim 8, wherein The temperature of the calcination is 500-800 ℃.

11. The production method according to claim 8, wherein The time of the calcination is 2-4 h.

12. The method of making according to claim 7, wherein, The mixing of the graphene oxide and the obtained carbonized ternary precursor in step (2) is mixing of graphene oxide aqueous solution and the obtained carbonized ternary precursor.

13. The method of making according to claim 12, wherein, The concentration of the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 3-10 mg / mL.

14. The method of making according to claim 12, wherein, The solid-liquid ratio of the carbonized ternary precursor and the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 1:(4-6) g / mL.

15. The method of making according to claim 7, wherein, After the mixing of the graphene oxide and the obtained carbonized ternary precursor in step (2), stirring and suction filtration are further included.

16. The method of manufacturing according to claim 15, wherein, The stirring time is 5-10 h.

17. The method of making according to claim 7, wherein, The reducing agent in step (2) comprises any one or a combination of at least two of potassium borohydride solution, sodium borohydride solution or lithium borohydride solution.

18. The method of making according to claim 7, wherein, The concentration of the reducing agent in step (2) is 0.5-3 mol / L.

19. The method of producing according to claim 7, wherein, The solid-liquid ratio of the graphene oxide-coated carbonized ternary precursor and the reducing agent in step (2) is 1:(50-100) g / mL.

20. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein, The reaction time in step (2) is 8-12 h.

21. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein, Before step (3), a polymer is further modified on the surface of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor.

22. The method of making according to claim 21, wherein, The modification method comprises: mixing dopamine solution, buffer and the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor, adjusting pH and stirring, and then suction filtering and drying to obtain a polymer modified material.

23. The method of making according to claim 22, wherein, The concentration of the dopamine solution is 1-3 mg / mL.

24. The method of making according to claim 22, wherein, The buffer solution comprises 0.05-0.15 mol / L Tris buffer solution.

25. The method of manufacturing according to claim 22, wherein, The solid-liquid ratio of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor and the dopamine solution is 1:(100-200) g / mL.

26. The method of manufacturing according to claim 22, wherein, The pH is adjusted to 8-13.

27. The method of manufacturing according to claim 22, wherein, The stirring time is 8-12 h.

28. The method of manufacturing according to claim 22, wherein, The drying temperature is 40-60℃.

29. The method of producing according to claim 7, wherein, The mixing in step (3) further comprises a basic solution.

30. The method of manufacturing according to claim 29, wherein, The solid-liquid ratio of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor and the basic solution is 1:(10-50) g / mL.

31. The method of manufacturing according to claim 29, wherein, The basic solution comprises any one or a combination of at least two of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or barium hydroxide.

32. The method of manufacturing according to claim 29, wherein, The concentration of the basic solution is 8-10 mol / L.

33. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein, The mass ratio of the graphene-coated carbonized ternary precursor and the nano-oxide in step (3) is (4-6):

1.

34. The method of producing according to claim 7, wherein, The temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in step (3) is 120-160℃.

35. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein, The time of the hydrothermal reaction in step (3) is 12-24 h.

36. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein, The heating in step (4) is water bath heating.

37. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein, The heating time in step (4) is 3-5 h.

38. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein, The heating temperature in step (4) is 70-90℃.

39. Use of an aerogel interfacial photothermal evaporation material according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The aerogel interfacial photo-thermal evaporation material is used for low-salinity wastewater evaporation.

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