A high-yield integrated production method for cigar wrappers

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield integrated production method for cigar wrappers, and relates to the technical field of tobacco agricultural production; a four-in-one production facility system integrating cigar wrapper tobacco seedling cultivation, transplanting, air-drying and fermentation processes is built, and the light intensity in the system is 75-160 μmol / (㎡·s), the temperature is 25±5℃, and the humidity is 75%±10%; nutrient solution perfusion treatment is adopted when transplanting tobacco seedlings, and the iron content in the nutrient solution is 0.3-0.7mM in terms of Fe, and the boron content is 9.5-13.0mg / L in terms of boric acid; the transplanting and planting of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves occupies the main space in the production facility system, and the seedling cultivation, air-drying and fermentation jointly occupy the remaining space in the production facility system; with 110-140 days as a cigar growing season, two or three seasons of intercropping are implemented each year. The present invention organically integrates the links of cigar wrapper tobacco seedling cultivation, transplanting, air-drying and fermentation to realize intensive and efficient production. Through accurate control of the production environment and the supply of growth factors such as nutrients and light, the aubergine peel output rate can be increased to over 65%, the investment in production facilities can be reduced by 40%, and the labor force can be reduced by 20%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco agricultural production, and in particular to an integrated production method for tobacco wrappers with high output rate. Background Art

[0002] Wrapper tobacco is the most important component of cigar raw materials (especially mid-to-high-end handmade cigars). High-quality wrapper requires thin leaves, fine and straight veins, flat leaf surface, good oil content, good uniformity, no damage and no holes; its quality requirements are high, so the production technology is difficult. my country's wrapper tobacco production is still in its infancy. Seedling cultivation, transplanting, drying and fermentation are all carried out separately. The production front is long, many production facilities are occupied, and the overall production technology is relatively extensive. The output rate of wrapper is generally less than 10%. In the past three years, after technical research, some cigar tobacco producing areas have initially realized the classified production of wrapper and core, that is, personalized production technology has been developed from varieties, cultivation, drying, fermentation and other production links according to the quality requirements of wrapper and core. The output rate of wrapper has been greatly improved, but it is still generally below 30%. However, compared with the 60% output rate of high-quality wrapper producing areas such as Cuba, there is still a big gap, which leads to a shortage of wrapper raw materials in the domestic cigar industry and heavy reliance on imports. Optimizing the cultivation and production technology of cigar tobacco and increasing the output rate of cigar wrappers is the biggest technical challenge facing major cigar tobacco producing areas and cigar manufacturers.

[0003] In the traditional production technology of cigar wrappers, the entire production process is mainly divided into four links: seedling raising, field planting, air-drying, and fermentation, and each link is relatively independent. Special seedling raising facilities are built in the seedling raising stage, such as a solar greenhouse or a plastic steel greenhouse, and are equipped with necessary ventilation and temperature control facilities; the tobacco seedling transplanting and field planting stages include field preparation, fertilization, ridging, film covering, topdressing, irrigation, and pest and disease control and other field management work, with many operation links and high labor intensity, and are greatly affected by climatic conditions (such as drought, waterlogging, wind disasters, hail, etc.); field light, temperature, water, and fertilizer are difficult to control. In addition, the air-drying stage and fermentation both require separate production facilities, with high investment costs and low facility space utilization, which does not conform to the current development direction of efficient and intensive production technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated production method for cigar wrapper with high yield, which is specifically achieved through the following technologies.

[0005] A high-yield integrated production method for cigar wrappers, comprising:

[0006] Build a "four-in-one" production facility system that integrates the processes of cigar wrapper tobacco seedling cultivation, transplanting, drying and fermentation. The light intensity in the production facility system is 75-160μmol / (㎡·s), the temperature is 25±5℃, and the relative air humidity is 75%±10%;

[0007] When transplanting tobacco seedlings, nutrient solution is used for perfusion treatment, wherein the nutrient solution is a high-iron and boron-sufficient nutrient solution, wherein the iron content is 0.2-0.7 mM in terms of Fe, and the boron content is 9.5-13.0 mg / L in terms of boric acid;

[0008] The transplanting and planting of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves occupies the main space within the production facility system, while seedling cultivation, air-drying and fermentation jointly occupy the remaining space within the production facility system; with a cigar growing season of 110-140 days, two or three seasons of intercropping are implemented each year.

[0009] It should be noted that the high-yield integrated production method for cigar wrappers provided by the present invention integrates the entire process of cigar seedling cultivation, transplanting, drying and fermentation, and forms a complete set of method systems for how to improve the output rate of cigar wrappers, realizing the "four-in-one" intensive and efficient use of facility space, and improving the high output rate of cigar wrappers. In order to ensure the stability of the tobacco cultivation environment, the entire production facility system is generally carried out in a greenhouse or greenhouse. There is no special restriction on the floor space of the production facility system, and it can be adjusted according to local conditions. Small greenhouses, such as those covering an area of ​​20-30 square meters, can be planted, and large greenhouses, such as those covering an area of ​​2000 square meters (single seat 6 spans) or 4000 square meters (single seat 10 spans), or even larger greenhouses can be planted.

[0010] It should be noted that the production facility system uses facilities, equipment, culture substrates and nutrient solutions commonly used in the seedling raising, transplanting, air-drying and fermentation processes. Optionally, the seedling raising process has a nutrient solution pool; the transplanting and planting process has a nutrient solution tank, a three-dimensional cultivation rack, a planting bracket, a planting container, a culture substrate, an irrigation system, etc.; the air-drying process has auxiliary tools such as sunshade nets, air-drying racks, air-drying poles and air-drying forks, as well as temperature and humidity control equipment to cope with extreme weather during the air-drying period; the fermentation process has a fermentation box, moisture-proof and dust-proof cloth, tobacco pile temperature and humidity monitoring equipment, and temperature and humidity control equipment in the fermentation room, etc.

[0011] Preferably, 90% of the space in the production facility system is used for transplanting and planting wrapper tobacco leaves, and 10% is used for raising seedlings, air-drying and fermenting wrapper tobacco leaves.

[0012] Preferably, the nutrient solution is prepared by dissolving a large and medium element reagent in water, and then adding an iron salt mother solution and a trace element mother solution;

[0013] In the nutrient solution, the large and medium elements provided include 272 mg / L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 404 mg / L of potassium nitrate, 109 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 61 mg / L of triammonium phosphate and 246 mg / L of magnesium sulfate, based on a pure N mass concentration of 0.01%;

[0014] The iron supply in the nutrient solution includes 83.40-194.60 mg / L of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 111.65-260.55 mg / L of chelating agent disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate, based on the molar concentration of pure Fe of 0.3-0.7 mM; the trace elements supply in the nutrient solution includes 0.83 mg / L of potassium iodide, 9.5-13.0 mg / L of boric acid, 22.3 mg / L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 8.6 mg / L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.25 mg / L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025 mg / L of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.025 mg / L of cobalt chloride hexahydrate.

[0015] More preferably, the method for using the nutrient solution is:

[0016] During the 1st to 20th day of the transplanting and planting process, the concentration of the nutrient solution is 0.03%, and the total dosage is 3-5 L / plant;

[0017] At 21-30 days during the transplanting and planting process, the concentration of the nutrient solution is 0.045%, and the total dosage is 5-7 L / plant; and the supplementary amount at the 21st day is based on the remaining 50% of the nutrients in the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank before supplementation;

[0018] During the 31st to 60th day of the transplanting and planting process, the concentration of the nutrient solution is 0.06%, and the total dosage is 7-10L / plant; and the nutrient solution is replenished once on the 31st, 41st and 51st day, and the amount of each replenishment is based on the remaining 50% of the nutrients in the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank before replenishment;

[0019] Starting from the 61st day of the transplanting and planting process, the concentration of the nutrient solution is 0.045%, and the total dosage is 7-10L / plant; and the nutrient solution is replenished once on the 61st and 71st days, and the amount of each replenishment is based on the remaining 50% of the nutrients in the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank before replenishment.

[0020] Preferably, 10-15 days after the wrapper tobacco leaves are toppled, the nutrient solution is replaced with clean water to cut off the nutrient supply; during harvesting, the interval between two adjacent harvests is 12-18 days.

[0021] Preferably, the transplanting and planting is to use 2-3 layers of cultivation racks for transplanting and planting wrapper tobacco leaves, and the spacing between the cultivation racks is ≥ 2m; each layer of the cultivation rack except the top layer adopts supplementary light measures, and the supplementary light intensity is 50-150 μmol / (m 2 ·s).

[0022] Preferably, the seedlings of wrapper tobacco are raised by rolling intercropping in a 50-day cycle. When three-season intercropping is adopted, the second season seedlings are sown 50 days before the end of the first season tobacco harvest, and the third season seedlings are sown 50 days before the end of the second season tobacco harvest.

[0023] Preferably, the wrapper tobacco leaves are air-dried on a foldable airing rack in the airing area; the tobacco leaves of the last season of each year are air-dried on a foldable airing rack or on a cultivation rack.

[0024] Preferably, the fermentation of the wrapper tobacco leaves is completed in a detachable fermentation room constructed with a roll-up film in the area vacated after the air-drying.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention is beneficial in that it aims to improve the output rate of wrapper tobacco leaves, organically integrates the key links of the agricultural production of wrapper tobacco leaves, including seedling cultivation, transplanting, air-drying and fermentation, and realizes intensive and efficient production management. The output rate of wrapper tobacco leaves is significantly improved by accurately controlling the production environment factors such as temperature and humidity, and the supply of growth factors such as nutrients and light.

[0026] Ultimately, the cigar wrapper output rate can reach more than 65%, the investment in production facilities can be reduced by more than 40%, and the labor force can be reduced by more than 20%; the incidence of diseases and pests is significantly reduced, the maturity of the cigar wrapper is significantly improved, and the comprehensive quality such as appearance quality, physical processing performance and sensory quality can be significantly better than the traditional production model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified in the following examples and comparative examples, conventional tobacco cultivation techniques are used for the seedling raising, transplanting, air-drying and fermentation processes of cigar plants. For details, reference may be made to the technical content on cigar cultivation in Chapter 20, Section 5 of "Chinese Tobacco Cultivation" (Edited by the Tobacco Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, November 2005).

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The high-yield integrated production method for cigar wrappers provided in this embodiment is a cigar wrapper tobacco planting experiment conducted in the Wuchang greenhouse in Wuhan City, Hubei Province in 2023. The cigar wrapper variety is CX-26.

[0031] The production facility system includes a two-layer three-dimensional cultivation rack (including a folding cantilever for placing the tobacco drying rods during the drying operation), a nutrient solution tank, a planting pot, a culture matrix, a nutrient solution and ancillary accessories. 90% of the total space of the production facility is used for planting, and 10% is used for seedling cultivation, drying and fermentation;

[0032] According to the growth and development rules of cigar tobacco leaves, with a growing season of 140 days, combined with the climatic characteristics of the planting area, appropriate temperature and humidity control equipment is used to implement two planting seasons each year; the first season is transplanted in mid-February and harvested in mid-June; the second season is transplanted in mid-June and harvested in mid-December.

[0033] The seedling raising, transplanting, drying and fermentation process and requirements of the cigars in this experiment are as follows:

[0034] 1. Seedling cultivation

[0035] The conventional floating technology is implemented, and the seedling age is 50 days. Under the two-season planting mode each year, the seedlings for the first season are sown in late November, and the seedlings for the second season are sown in early May.

[0036] 2. Transplanting

[0037] (1) Equipment and material requirements

[0038] Planting pots: 10 planting pots are set up in each nutrient trough.

[0039] Substrate: Current general peat-type seedling substrate (prepared at 0.7kg / plant on dry basis), decomposed cake fertilizer (prepared at 0.07kg / plant on dry basis). Water the substrate appropriately to moisten it and mix it in pots to reach 1kg / pot (including pot weight).

[0040] Nutrient solution tank: The tank is 20cm deep and 20cm wide, and the length is determined according to the ground space. The spacing between plantings is 45cm, and the row spacing (i.e. the longitudinal center wheelbase of adjacent nutrient solution tanks) is 1.0m. A waterproof film is laid in the nutrient solution tank, and a 4cm wide and 6cm high foam strip or wooden square is placed under the film to support the planting pot and leave space for the roots to stretch.

[0041] Nutrient solution cover: To prevent the nutrient solution from growing algae and bacteria due to direct sunlight, a sunlight-blocking cover needs to be added to the nutrient solution tank and placed around the outside of the planting pot.

[0042] Cultivation rack: The three-dimensional cultivation rack is set up in two layers, with a spacing of 2m between the layers. The lower layer adopts supplementary light measures with a supplementary light intensity of 100μmol / (m 2 ·s).

[0043] Auxiliary equipment and consumables: oxygen pump (one for each nutrient tank), several filters, lamps (one set for each nutrient tank, light intensity 100μmol / (m 2·s)); other supplies such as waterproof tape, cable ties, etc.

[0044] (2) Transplantation operation

[0045] Prepare the substrate and pot it: Mix the decomposed cake fertilizer evenly into the regular seedling substrate, then pot it. The substrate should be filled levelly and should not be over-compacted. After potting, gently place the planting pot on the planting bracket.

[0046] Pouring nutrient solution: For the preparation of nutrient solution, refer to the requirements in the section “(3) Preparation of nutrient solution” below. The pouring depth should be 3-4.5 cm above the bottom of the custom pot.

[0047] Deep planting: The tobacco seedlings are transplanted with the nutrient solution tank as the basic support and the tobacco seedling planting pot as the root support. The transplanting depth should be such that the base of the tobacco seedling stem is ≥3cm from the bottom of the pot.

[0048] Post-planting management: Before and after the clumping period, bibbing is also needed to supplement the substrate defects caused by natural sedimentation, and the bibbing should be done until the planting pot is basically filled.

[0049] (3) Nutrient solution

[0050] The nutrient solution is prepared using Table 1 and Table 2 above. The specific preparation method is: after the mother solution is prepared, add 10 ml of iron salt mother solution and 10 ml of trace element mother solution per liter to the working solution. This nutrient solution adopts "high iron and sufficient boron" trace element nutrient management, that is, the iron content in the nutrient solution is 0.5 mM and the boron content is 11 mg / L in terms of boric acid.

[0051] Table 1 Formula of macroelements and weight elements in nutrient solutions of different concentrations, mg / L

[0052]

[0053] Table 2 Formula of iron salts and trace elements used in nutrient solution

[0054]

[0055] After transplanting the tobacco seedlings, the nutrient solution usage and management methods for different growth stages of cigars are shown in Table 3 below.

[0056] Table 3 Nutrient solution management methods for different growth stages of cigars

[0057]

[0058] In Table 3 above, specifically:

[0059] (1) On the 21st day, when replenishing the nutrient solution, the nutrient solution should be replenished based on the remaining 50% of the nutrients in the nutrient solution tank before replenishment;

[0060] (2) On the 31st, 41st and 51st days, the nutrient solution needs to be replenished once each time, and the amount of each replenishment is based on the remaining 50% of the nutrients in the nutrient solution tank before replenishment;

[0061] (3) The nutrient solution was replenished once on the 61st day and the 71st day, and the amount of each replenishment was based on the remaining 50% of the nutrients in the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank before replenishment.

[0062] Before the cigar tobacco leaves mature: focus on nutrient management, and couple water and fertilizer;

[0063] After the initial infusion, the amount of nutrient solution added in the later stage is added in a manner to make up for the loss of the total nutrient solution; observe frequently, and when the liquid level sinks more than 2 cm, the nutrient solution must be replenished in time, and the concentration should be designed according to the concentration of each growth stage.

[0064] After the cigar tobacco leaves mature (i.e. after topping or harvesting the lower leaves): focus on water management and terminate nutrient supply in a timely manner; terminate nutrient supply in a timely manner according to the tobacco leaf opening situation and overall quality to promote timely and full maturity of the middle and upper leaves.

[0065] (4) Control of cultivation environment factors within the production facility system

[0066] Temperature and humidity control: The space requirements of the production facilities are determined according to the number of layers of cigar wrappers and the height of the tobacco plants. The temperature is 25±5℃ and the humidity is 80%±10%. The ambient temperature should be maintained at around 25℃ as much as possible. When it exceeds 35℃ and the humidity exceeds 85%, ventilation and window opening should be used in time to cool down and dehumidify.

[0067] Light intensity control: The light intensity inside the production facility system is 75-160μmol / (m 2 ·s) (This range refers to the change in light intensity in the facility from naturally cloudy to naturally sunny days);

[0068] Pest and disease control: Insect-proof nets should be used first. In principle, no pesticides should be applied if there are no root and stem diseases. Recommended pesticides include spraying 1000 times diluted Metformin (to prevent underground pests) and 500 times diluted Bolike, Metalaxyl or Thiophanate-methyl (to prevent and control root and stem diseases).

[0069] Tobacco plant stability guarantee: The tobacco plant stems are fixed with a single line for each plant or double lines for a single row.

[0070] (5) Topping and leaving leaves and harvesting when mature

[0071] Topping and leaving leaves: Depending on the growth of the tobacco plants, when the number of leaves reaches the expected number of 19 leaves, you can decisively top the plants and apply a general tobacco bud inhibitor.

[0072] Harvesting at maturity: Start harvesting the lower leaves (containing the foot leaves with economic value) 70 days after transplanting, and the interval between two subsequent harvests is 12 days.

[0073] 3. Drying of wrapper tobacco leaves

[0074] Harvesting is carried out according to the maturity standards for cigar wrappers. After harvesting, the tobacco leaves are hung in the drying area of ​​the production facility system, or directly under the folding cantilever (i.e., tobacco drying rack) on the three-dimensional cultivation rack, and dried according to the current technical regulations for cigar wrapper drying.

[0075] 4. Fermentation of wrapper tobacco leaves

[0076] After the drying, the tobacco leaves are placed in the fermentation room and fermented according to the current fermentation technical regulations of the cigar wrapper. The fermentation is to use the space left after the tobacco leaves are dried as the fermentation area, and the fermentation room is flexibly built with a rolling curtain reinforced film to complete the cigar wrapper fermentation operation.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] The only difference between the high-yield integrated production method of eggplant skin provided in this embodiment and that in embodiment 1 is the formula of the culture solution and the supplementary light measures. The formula of the major and medium elements in the nutrient solution of this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 1, but the iron content is 0.3 mM in terms of Fe, and the boron content is 13.0 mg / L in terms of boric acid. Specifically, the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate used is 83.4 mg / L, the disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dihydrate is 111.7 mg / L, and the boron content is 13.0 mg / L in terms of boric acid. The lower layer is all heated at a light intensity of 50 μmol / (m 2 ·s) implement supplementary light. The dosage of other nutrient solution components and process management measures are the same as those in Example 1.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] The only difference between the high-yield integrated production method of eggplant skin provided in this embodiment and that in embodiment 1 is the formula of the culture solution, the number of transplanting and planting layers, the supplementary lighting measures and the number of planting seasons. The iron content in the nutrient solution of this embodiment is 0.7 mM in terms of Fe, and the boron content is 9.5 mg / L in terms of boric acid. Specifically, the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate used is 194.6 mg / L, the disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dihydrate is 260.57 mg / L, and the boron content is 9.5 mg / L in terms of boric acid. The three-layer transplanting and planting is carried out, and the lower two layers are both subjected to a light intensity of 150 μmol / (m 2 s) implement supplementary lighting; plant for three seasons, i.e., transplant in mid-February in the first season and harvest in mid-June; transplant in mid-June in the second season and harvest in mid-October; transplant in mid-October in the third season and harvest in mid-February of the next year. Other nutrient solution components and process management measures are the same as those in Example 1.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] The only difference between the citrus wrapper production method provided in this comparative example and Example 1 lies in the citrus wrapper variety and the matching cultivation rack layer spacing and planting specifications. The citrus wrapper variety of this example is CX-12, and the cultivation rack layer spacing is 2.2m and the planting row spacing is 1.2m, which are matched with the growth and development characteristics of this variety. Other supporting facilities and equipment and process management measures such as nutrient solution and lighting are the same as those in Example 1.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] The only difference between the aubergine production method provided in this comparative example and Example 1 is the formula of the culture solution. The nutrient solution of this example adopts the iron and boron concentrations recommended by the traditional classic formula, that is, the iron content is 0.1mM in terms of Fe, and the boron content is 2.86mg / L in terms of boric acid. Specifically, the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate used in the nutrient solution is 27.8mg / L, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dihydrate is 37.2mg / L, and boric acid is 2.86mg / L. The dosage of other nutrient solution components and process management measures are the same as those in Example 1.

[0085] Comparative Example 2

[0086] The citrus peel production method provided in this comparative example is different from that in Example 1 only in the supply method of the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution supply method in this example is drip irrigation, that is, the prepared nutrient solution is drip-irrigated to 3.5 cm from the base of the stem using a drip irrigation belt; drip irrigation is performed at a dosage of 150 mL / plant every morning for the first 30 days, and drip irrigation is performed once in the morning and afternoon every day at a dosage of 150 mL / plant after 30 days (i.e., a total drip irrigation volume of 300 mL / plant per day). The nutrient solution concentration, facilities and equipment at each stage, and other process management measures are the same as those in Example 1.

[0087] Comparative Example 3

[0088] The cigar wrapper production method provided in this comparative example adopts the traditional cigar wrapper cultivation method (i.e. the technical content of cigar tobacco cultivation in Chapter 20, Section 5 of "Chinese Tobacco Cultivation" (Edited by the Tobacco Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, November 2005)), the cigar wrapper variety is CX-26, and includes the following steps:

[0089] S1. Production facility requirements: conventional greenhouse seedling cultivation, conventional open field transplanting and field planting and harvesting according to traditional production management methods.

[0090] S2. Dry the wrapper tobacco leaves in the traditional way.

[0091] S3. Complete the fermentation of the wrapper tobacco leaves in the traditional way.

[0092] S4. Implement single-season planting in the traditional way.

[0093] Test example: Quality evaluation of wrapper tobacco leaves

[0094] The quality evaluation results, field disease occurrence and wrapper yield of the wrapper tobacco leaves finally obtained by investigating the embodiments and comparative examples were investigated; the quality indicators included leaf thickness, vein thickness, oil content, leaf surface flatness, and color uniformity, and the disease occurrence indicators included target spot disease, anthrax, and average purchase price. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0095] Table 4. Wrap quality, disease incidence, yield and average price

[0096]

[0097] Note: The grading and pricing operations for examining the cigar wrapper output rate and average price are carried out in accordance with the Hubei Provincial Local Standard "Cigar Tobacco Leaf Grade Quality Specification" DB 42 / T 1549-2020.

[0098] From the results in Table 4, it can be seen that by comparing the inspection indicators of the embodiments and the comparative examples, it can be found that the new production method provided by Examples 1-4 of the present invention is significantly better than the traditional production method (Comparative Example 3) in terms of wrapper thickness, leaf flatness, etc., and the incidence of common diseases such as black shank, anthrax, and target spot is significantly reduced; the wrapper output rate and average price are significantly improved. In general, the tobacco leaves of the embodiment wrapper have good maturity, sufficient oil content, thin leaves, fine and straight veins, and uniform color; in addition, the sensory quality evaluation shows that the embodiment has significant cigar aroma style characteristics, no obvious odor, impurities, moderate concentration, comfortable aftertaste, good combustibility, and the overall quality is significantly better than the traditional production model. Moreover, compared with the traditional production method, this production method can save more than 50% of land, reduce the investment in cigar production facilities by more than 40%, and reduce labor by more than 20%.

[0099] Comparative Examples 1 and 2 changed the formula of the nutrient solution (especially iron and boron) and the supply method, which resulted in a significant decrease in the aubergine peel yield and a significant drop in the average price.

[0100] The above specific embodiments describe the implementation of the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the claims and technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be modified and changed in many simple ways, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield integrated production method for cigar wrappers, characterized in that: include: Build a "four-in-one" production facility system that integrates the processes of cigar wrapper tobacco seedling cultivation, transplanting, drying and fermentation. The light intensity in the production facility system is 75-160μmol / (m²·s), the temperature is 25±5℃, and the relative air humidity is 75%±10%; When transplanting tobacco seedlings, nutrient solution infusion treatment is adopted, wherein the nutrient solution is a high-iron and sufficient-boron nutrient solution, wherein the iron content is 0.3-0.7 mM in terms of Fe, and the boron content is 9.5-13.0 mg / L in terms of boric acid; the nutrient solution is prepared by dissolving a large and medium-amount element reagent in water, and then adding an iron salt mother solution and a trace element mother solution; In the nutrient solution, the large and medium elements supplied include 272 mg / L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 404 mg / L of potassium nitrate, 109 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 61 mg / L of triammonium phosphate and 246 mg / L of magnesium sulfate at a pure N mass concentration of 0.01%; The iron supply in the nutrient solution includes 83.40-194.60 mg / L of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 111.65-260.55 mg / L of chelating agent disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate based on the molar concentration of pure Fe of 0.3-0.7 mM; the trace elements supply in the nutrient solution includes 0.83 mg / L of potassium iodide, 9.5-13.0 mg / L of boric acid, 22.3 mg / L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 8.6 mg / L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.25 mg / L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025 mg / L of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.025 mg / L of cobalt chloride hexahydrate; the method for using the nutrient solution is: During the 1st to 20th day of the transplanting and planting process, the concentration of the nutrient solution is 0.03%, and the total dosage is 3-5 L / plant; At 21-30 days during the transplanting and planting process, the concentration of the nutrient solution is 0.045%, and the total dosage is 5-7 L / plant; and the supplementary amount at the 21st day is based on the remaining 50% of the nutrients in the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank before supplementation; During the 31st to 60th day of the transplanting and planting process, the concentration of the nutrient solution is 0.06%, and the total dosage is 7-10L / plant; and the nutrient solution is replenished once on the 31st, 41st and 51st days, and the amount of each replenishment is based on the remaining 50% of the nutrients in the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank before replenishment; Starting from the 61st day of the transplanting and planting process, the concentration of the nutrient solution is 0.045%, and the total dosage is 7-10L / plant; and the nutrient solution is replenished once on the 61st and 71st days, and the amount of each replenishment is based on the remaining 50% of the nutrients in the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank before replenishment; The transplanting and planting of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves occupies the main space within the production facility system, while seedling cultivation, air-drying and fermentation jointly occupy the remaining space within the production facility system; with a cigar growing season of 110-140 days, two or three seasons of intercropping are implemented each year.

2. The high-yield integrated production method for citrus wrappers according to claim 1, characterized in that: 90% of the space in the production facility system is used for transplanting and planting wrapper tobacco leaves, and 10% is used for seedling raising, drying and fermentation of wrapper tobacco leaves.

3. The high-yield integrated production method for citrus wrappers according to claim 1, characterized in that: 10-15 days after the wrapper tobacco leaves are toppled, the nutrient solution is replaced with clean water to cut off the nutrient supply; during harvesting, the interval between two adjacent harvests is 12-18 days.

4. The high-yield integrated production method for citrus wrappers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transplanting and planting adopts 2-3 layers of cultivation racks for transplanting and planting wrapper tobacco leaves, and the layer spacing of the cultivation racks is ≥2m; each layer of the cultivation rack except the top layer adopts supplementary light measures, and the supplementary light intensity is 50-150μmol / (m²·s).

5. The high-yield integrated production method for citrus wrappers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedlings of wrapper tobacco are raised by rolling intercropping in a 50-day cycle. When three-season intercropping is adopted, the second season seedlings are sown 50 days before the end of the first season tobacco harvest, and the third season seedlings are sown 50 days before the end of the second season tobacco harvest.

6. The high-yield integrated production method for citrus wrappers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wrapper tobacco leaves are dried on the foldable drying racks in the drying area; the last season of tobacco leaves each year are dried on the foldable drying racks or on the cultivation racks.

7. The high-yield integrated production method for citrus wrappers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation of the wrapper tobacco leaves is completed in a detachable fermentation room built with roll-up film in the area left after the drying.

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