Annual production technology of multi-layered turf block of lawn type of centipede grass

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of lawn type centipedegrass turf piece multilayer rack annual production technology, the technical scheme includes the following steps: erecting culture frame, laying matrix, sowing, rooting sprouting period management, turf formation stage management, pre-harvest management, turf harvesting.The technical scheme of the application, by erecting multilayer shelf in room, under the environment control of accurate temperature, light, water and fertilizer, the rapid production of centipedegrass turf can be carried out, a batch of turf can be harvested after planting for 2 months, 6 batches of turf can be harvested each year, so that the annual efficient production of centipedegrass turf is realized, turf piece is provided for land greening and ecological restoration, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention discloses a year-round production technology for multi-layered trellis bermudagrass turf blocks, which relates to the field of turfgrass production technology. Background Technology

[0002] Bermuda grass is a commonly used warm-season turfgrass of the grass family, and also an important forage and ecological grass, widely used in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions. Establishing lawns using sod blocks is the most common and fastest method for Bermuda grass establishment. In China, most vegetatively propagated Bermuda grass varieties are produced in farmland and then sold by removing the sod. This production method has many problems, such as removing some topsoil with each mowing, which can damage the topsoil in the long run, occupy farmland and affect food production, and the production of field turf is highly seasonal, making temperature and light control difficult. Finding an alternative to field turf production to alleviate the supply and demand imbalance in the turf market is an urgent industry problem that needs to be addressed.

[0003] Plant factory production technology, which achieves year-round plant production by precisely controlling key factors for plant growth such as temperature, light, water, and fertilizer, is a representative of modern agricultural high technology and has already been applied to the production of some crops. Utilizing plant factory production is a promising approach to partially replace the production of turf such as bermudagrass in farmland. However, only a small amount of research and technological development has been carried out in the industrial production of turfgrass. For example, An Yuan et al. (patent number ZL 201110456343.5) and Zhu Jiangli et al. (patent application number 201810428179.9) invented a technology that combines seed treatment with growth regulators and plant hormone indolebutyric acid with three red and blue light combinations to promote the formation of tall fescue or bermudagrass turf. Liu Nanqing et al. invented an intelligent turfgrass production device and a method for producing pure turfgrass with zero substrate. This invention uses an intelligent box-type turfgrass production device and adopts a closed soilless culture. Under certain constant temperature and light conditions, the nutrients, water, hormones and other nutrients required for turfgrass growth are sprayed onto the plants to produce turfgrass. No solid or liquid culture medium is required. However, there is no clear light quality ratio, nor is there any separate control based on the different growth conditions such as temperature, light and water required by different turfgrasses at different production stages (patent application number CN202010156356.X).

[0004] Many high-quality bermudagra varieties are seedless and primarily propagated asexually, requiring different planting and maintenance methods compared to seed-propagated varieties. Temperature, light, and water are key factors influencing bermudagra growth and quality, especially as the required environmental conditions vary significantly at different growth and development stages, necessitating individual regulation. Furthermore, plants have varying abilities to absorb and utilize different wavelengths of light. In factory production, selecting the optimal combination of light bands based on the needs of different plant species at different growth and development stages can improve light energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Based on these considerations, this invention, according to the growth and development characteristics of bermudagra, employs different temperature, light, and water growth factors at different stages of turf formation to achieve rapid and efficient production of high-quality turf blocks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical issues

[0006] How to effectively address the needs of bermudagrass for growth factors such as light quality, temperature, and water at different developmental stages, and improve the efficiency and quality of turf production under factory production methods, is an urgent problem to be solved in this field.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] This invention provides a year-round production technology for multi-layered trellises of lawn-type bermudagrass turf blocks, which includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Building a culture rack: Build a three-dimensional culture rack with isolation layers at certain height intervals. The top layer should be more than 20 cm away from the roof. Place a watertight tray at the bottom of each layer and install an LED light source on the top.

[0010] (2) Laying the substrate: Place a layer of biodegradable non-woven fabric on the tray, and then lay a 1 cm thick substrate on top of it;

[0011] (3) Sowing: Sow the Bermuda grass stems on the substrate according to a certain amount per unit area, then cover with a layer of culture substrate and compact it;

[0012] (4) Management during the rooting and sprouting period: The newly sown grass stems should be cultivated to root and sprout under certain temperature and light conditions, and water should be sprayed daily to keep them moist.

[0013] (5) Management during the turf formation stage: After the grass stems take root and sprout, promote the formation of stolons under certain temperature and light conditions, and regularly spray water and fertilize to provide sufficient water and nutrients to ensure that the stolons grow quickly and form a lawn. At the same time, when the lawn grows to a height of 4.0-5.0 cm, it should be mowed at a height of 2.5-3.5 cm.

[0014] (6) Pre-harvest management: When the lawn reaches full coverage, pre-harvest management is carried out. Adjust the temperature and light conditions, control watering, and water thoroughly one day before harvest to ensure that the grass stems have sufficient water content before harvesting.

[0015] (7) Turf harvesting: Cut turf into pieces according to market demand and then wrap them.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the spacing between the layers of the culture rack is 25-35 cm, and the spacing between the lamp tube and the upper partition is 5-10 cm.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the amount of grass stems sown is 5-7 nodes per square centimeter, each grass stem is 2-3 nodes in size, and the thickness of the covering substrate is 0.5-1 cm.

[0018] Preferably, in step (4), the temperature during the rooting and germination stage is 28-30℃, and the light conditions are red light with a wavelength of 660 nm and blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm configured in a ratio of 1:2-3, with a light intensity of 50-100 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The low-light treatment takes 3-5 days.

[0019] Preferably, in step (5), the temperature conditions are controlled at 30-35℃ during the day and 25-30℃ at night, forming a day-night temperature difference of 5-10℃. The illumination conditions are configured with 660 nm red light, 450 nm blue light, and 520 nm green light in a ratio of 1:4-6:1, with a light intensity of 800-1000 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The daytime light exposure is 14-16 hours, and the nighttime darkness is 8-10 hours. At the beginning stage, apply a compound fertilizer with an N, P, and K content of 15%, at a dosage of 15-20 g / m³. -2 Subsequently, urea at a dose of 10-15 g·m² was applied alternately every two weeks. -2 Or 15-20 g·m of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer -2 .

[0020] Preferably, the time mentioned in step (6) is 5-7 days before harvest, the temperature is controlled at 20-25℃, the light conditions are changed to 450 nm blue light, and the light intensity is 500-600 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The daytime light exposure is 12-14 hours, the nighttime darkness is 10-12 hours, and the substrate moisture content is controlled to 50% of the maximum field capacity.

[0021] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0022] This invention provides a multi-layer trellis year-round production technology for bermudagrass turf blocks. This technology utilizes a multi-layer trellis system, using bermudagrass stems as the sowing material. Based on the environmental requirements of different stages of turf formation, it precisely controls factors such as temperature, light quality, light intensity, moisture, and nutrients to rapidly and efficiently produce turf blocks. Using this technology, approximately six batches of high-quality turf can be produced annually, compared to about three batches per year in open fields, increasing production efficiency by about 100%. This can alleviate the turf shortage problem in the market after the ban on farmland turf production to some extent, and promote the greening and ecological restoration of my country's land. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] (1) Building a culture rack: Build a three-dimensional culture rack with isolation layers every 25 cm in height. The top layer should be more than 20 cm away from the roof. Place a watertight tray at the bottom of each layer and install LED light sources on the top. The distance between the light tube and the upper partition should be 10 cm.

[0026] (2) Laying the substrate: Place a layer of biodegradable nonwoven fabric on the tray, and then lay a 1 cm thick substrate on top of it.

[0027] (3) Sowing: Use grass stems with 3 nodes each, and sow the bermudagrass stems on the substrate at a rate of 7 nodes per square centimeter. Then cover with a 0.5 cm thick layer of substrate and compact it.

[0028] (4) Management during the rooting and germination period: Newly sown grass stems should be kept at a temperature of 28℃ and under the following light conditions: red light with a wavelength of 660 nm and blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm in a 1:3 ratio and a light intensity of 50 μmol·m. -2 ·s -1 After being cultured under low light conditions for 4 days, roots and sprouts appeared, and water was sprayed on them daily to keep them moist.

[0029] (5) Management during the turf formation stage: After the grass stems have rooted and sprouted, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 35℃ and the nighttime temperature at 30℃ to create a 5℃ diurnal temperature difference. The light conditions should be configured with 660 nm red light, 450 nm blue light, and 520 nm green light in a ratio of 1:6:1, with a light intensity of 1000 μmol·m -2 ·s -1Cultivate the plants under conditions of 14 hours of daylight and 10 hours of darkness to promote runner formation. At the beginning stage, apply a compound fertilizer containing 15% N, P, and K at a dosage of 20 g / m³. -2 Subsequently, urea 10 g·m² was applied alternately every half month. -2 Or the above-mentioned compound fertilizer 20 g·m -2 Regularly spray water to provide sufficient moisture and nutrients, ensuring that the runners grow quickly and form a lawn. At the same time, mow the lawn when it reaches a height of 5.0 cm, with a mowing height of 3.5 cm.

[0030] (6) Pre-harvest management: When the lawn reaches full coverage, pre-harvest management begins. Seven days before harvest, the temperature is controlled at 25℃, and the light conditions are changed to 450 nm blue light with a light intensity of 600 μmol·m. -2 ·s -1 The daytime light exposure is 12 hours and the nighttime darkness is 12 hours. The substrate moisture content is controlled to 50% of the maximum field capacity. By adjusting the temperature, light conditions and controlling irrigation, the turf is promoted to grow vigorously. The turf is watered thoroughly one day before harvest to ensure that the grass stems have sufficient moisture content before harvesting.

[0031] (7) Turf harvesting: Cut turf into pieces according to market demand and then wrap them.

[0032] Under this technology, bermudagrass stems form usable turf 55-65 days after planting, and about 6 harvests can be made per year. The harvested turf has high density, well-developed stolons, and is firm and not easily loosened. It recovers quickly after being planted outdoors, has strong vitality, requires low maintenance in the early stages of establishment, and can quickly take root to form a high-quality lawn.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] (1) Building a culture rack: Build a three-dimensional culture rack with isolation layers every 35 cm in height. The top layer should be more than 20 cm away from the roof. Place a watertight tray at the bottom of each layer and install LED light sources on the top. The distance between the light tube and the upper partition should be 5 cm.

[0035] (2) Laying the substrate: Place a layer of biodegradable nonwoven fabric on the tray, and then lay a 1 cm thick substrate on top of it.

[0036] (3) Sowing: Use grass stems with 2 nodes each, and sow the bermudagrass stems on the substrate at a rate of 5 nodes per square centimeter. Then cover with a 1 cm thick layer of substrate and compact it.

[0037] (4) Management during the rooting and germination period: Newly sown grass stems should be kept at a temperature of 30℃ and under light conditions of 1:2 ratio of red light with a wavelength of 660 nm and blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm, and a light intensity of 100 μmol·m. -2 ·s -1 After being cultured under low light conditions for 3 days, roots and sprouts appeared, and water was sprayed on them daily to keep them moist.

[0038] (5) Management during the turf formation stage: After the grass stems have rooted and sprouted, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 32℃ and the nighttime temperature at 25℃ to form a diurnal temperature difference of 7℃. The light conditions should be configured with 660 nm red light: 450 nm blue light: 520 nm green light in a ratio of 1:4:1, and the light intensity should be 800 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 Cultivate the plants under conditions of 16 hours of daylight and 8 hours of darkness to promote runner formation. At the beginning stage, apply a compound fertilizer with 15% N, P, and K content at a rate of 15 g / m³. -2 Subsequently, urea 15 g·m² was applied alternately every half month. -2 Or the above-mentioned compound fertilizer 15 g·m -2 Regularly spray water to provide sufficient moisture and nutrients, ensuring that the runners grow quickly and form a lawn. At the same time, mow the lawn when it reaches a height of 4.5 cm, with a mowing height of 3.0 cm.

[0039] (6) Pre-harvest management: When the lawn reaches full coverage, pre-harvest management begins. Seven days before harvest, the temperature is controlled at 20℃, and the light conditions are changed to 450 nm blue light with a light intensity of 500 μmol·m. -2 ·s -1 The daytime light exposure is 14 hours and the nighttime darkness is 10 hours. The substrate moisture content is controlled to 50% of the maximum field capacity. By adjusting the temperature, light conditions and controlling irrigation, the turf is promoted to grow vigorously. Sufficient water is applied one day before harvest to ensure that the grass stems have sufficient moisture content before harvesting.

[0040] (7) Turf harvesting: Cut turf into pieces according to market demand and then wrap them.

[0041] Under this technology, bermudagrass stems form usable turf 60-65 days after planting, and about 6 harvests can be made per year. The harvested turf has high density, well-developed stolons, and is firm and not easily loosened. It recovers quickly after being planted outdoors, has strong vitality, requires low maintenance in the early stages of establishment, and can quickly take root to form a high-quality lawn.

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A method for year-round production of multi-layered racks for lawn-type bermudagrass turf blocks, characterized in that... The following are the operating steps: (1) Building a culture rack: Build a three-dimensional culture rack with isolation layers at certain height intervals. The top layer should be more than 20 cm away from the roof. Place a watertight tray at the bottom of each layer and install an LED light source on the top. (2) Laying the substrate: Place a layer of biodegradable non-woven fabric on the tray, and then lay a 1 cm thick substrate on top of it; (3) Sowing: Sow the Bermuda grass stems on the substrate according to a certain amount per unit area, then cover with a layer of culture substrate and compact it; (4), the rooting and germination period management: the just seeded grass stems are cultured under certain temperature and light conditions to grow roots and germinate, and water is sprayed every day to keep it moist; the temperature of the rooting and germination stage is 28-30℃, the light condition is that the red light with a wavelength of 660nm and the blue light with a wavelength of 450nm are configured in a ratio of 1:2-3, the light intensity is 50-100μmol·m -2 ·s -1 of weak light treatment, and the treatment time is 3-5 days; (5) Turf Formation Stage Management: After the grass stems take root and sprout, promote the formation of runners under certain temperature and light conditions, and regularly spray water and fertilize to provide sufficient water and nutrients to ensure that the runners grow rapidly and form a lawn. At the same time, when the lawn grows to a height of 4.0-5.0cm, it should be mowed to a height of 2.5-3.5cm. The temperature conditions are controlled at 30-35℃ during the day and 25-30℃ at night, forming a diurnal temperature difference of 5-10℃. The light conditions are configured with 660nm red light: 450nm blue light: 520nm green light in a ratio of 1:4-6:1, and the light intensity is 800-1000μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The daytime sunlight duration is 14-16 hours, and the nighttime darkness duration is 8-10 hours. At the beginning stage, apply a compound fertilizer with an N, P, and K content of 15%, at a dosage of 15-20 g / m³. -2 Subsequently, urea 10-15g·m² was applied alternately every half month. -2 Or 15-20 g·m of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer -2 ; (6) Pre-harvest management: When the lawn reaches full coverage, pre-harvest management begins. Temperature and light conditions are adjusted, and watering is controlled. Water thoroughly one day before harvest to ensure sufficient moisture content in the grass stems before harvesting. 5-7 days before harvest, the temperature is controlled at 20-25℃, and the light conditions are changed to 450nm blue light with a light intensity of 500-600μmol·m. -2 ·s -1 The daytime light exposure is 12-14 hours, the nighttime darkness is 10-12 hours, and the substrate moisture content is controlled to 50% of the maximum field capacity. (7) Turf harvesting: Cut turf into pieces according to market demand and then wrap them.

2. The method for year-round production of multi-layered trellis turf blocks of lawn type according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the layers of the culture rack in step (1) is 25-35 cm, and the spacing between the lamp tube and the upper partition is 5-10 cm.

3. The method for year-round production of multi-layered trellis turf blocks of lawn type according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of grass stems sown in step (3) is 5-7 nodes per square centimeter, and each grass stem is 2-3 nodes in size. The thickness of the covering substrate is 0.5-1 cm.