A method for quickly improving the germination rate of passion fruit seeds
The method enhances the germination rate of passion fruit seeds by using a 0.1 molar nitric acid solution, and the method enhances the permeability and air permeability of the seed shell, allowing for rapid and uniform germination, thus accelerating the seedling cycle and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410112029.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-26
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-06
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-01-26
AI Technical Summary
The existing methods for passion fruit seed germination suffer from low germination rates, uneven germination, and long seedling periods, which hinder the rapid expansion of passion fruit cultivation and increase costs.
A method involving soaking passion fruit seeds in a 0.1 molar nitric acid solution at 25°C for 24 hours, followed by rinsing and soaking in clean water for a day, then germinating them at variable temperatures of 35°C for 8 hours and 25°C for 16 hours, combined with moisture maintenance and appropriate soil and light conditions, to enhance germination rates and seedling growth.
This method significantly increases the germination rate from about 40% to over 95% and shortens the seedling cycle, ensuring high-quality seedlings are produced efficiently, meeting market demand and reducing costs.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seed germination and seedling cultivation, and specifically to a method for rapidly improving the germination rate of passion fruit seeds. Background Art
[0002] Passion fruit is a tropical fruit whose seeds are rich in nutrients and can be used for planting and processing. In order to increase the germination rate of seeds, you should also pay attention to selecting healthy, mature and full seeds, choosing suitable germination beds, water, temperature and humidity environment and other conditions.
[0003] In the existing technology, Guangxi is the largest passion fruit (also known as Passiflora edulis) production base in the country. At present, the passion fruit planting area in Guangxi has reached 24,300 hectares, with an annual output of 380,000 tons. The main cultivated variety is the heat-resistant pure sweet passion fruit new variety "Qinmi No. 9" jointly bred by the Key Laboratory of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Guangxi Qinci Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. The planting area of this variety has exceeded 20,000 hectares nationwide, and the planting area in Guangxi has also reached 13,300 hectares (Qian Kaisheng 2023), which can increase income by about 12 billion yuan (Kang An et al. 2023). Passion fruit has become the "golden fruit". With the continuous expansion of the passion fruit promotion area, the demand for seedlings has continued to increase, and the fruit seedlings are extremely scarce. A large number of high-quality seedlings can be cultivated to meet market needs. There are four ways to cultivate seedlings: seed propagation, cuttings, grafting and tissue culture rapid propagation. Tissue culture rapid propagation has high cost, long seedling formation time, low cutting seedling propagation coefficient, weak root system and long seedling period. Grafted seedlings do not grow well in the later stage, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. At present, the passion fruit planting industry mainly uses seed seedlings for propagation. The conventional germination method for seed propagation has the problems of low seed germination rate, uneven germination, long seedling period and low seedling rate. Previous studies have shown that after the seeds are treated and germinated under different temperature conditions for 21 to 30 days, the seed germination rate is only about 80% (Qiu Hang et al. 2016, Zhang Zixiong et al. 2021, Yan Miaozhen et al. 2022), and the germination time is long and the germination is uneven. For the commercial planting of passion fruit, production often requires seeds to germinate quickly, evenly, and quickly become seedlings, so as to plant early, grow early, develop early, and obtain higher economic yields. How to solve this problem? Rapidly improving the seed germination rate is the key to cultivating high-quality seedlings. After two years of research and development, a method for rapidly improving the germination rate of "Qinmi No. 9" passion fruit seeds was invented. The seed germination rate was increased from about 40% after conventional germination for 28 days to more than 95% in 15 days, that is, using 0.After soaking the newly harvested and dried seeds in 1 molar nitric acid solution for one day, the solution is rinsed off, and the seeds are soaked for another day. After washing and draining the surface moisture of the seeds, the seeds are placed on a moist germination paper bed and placed in a variable temperature incubator at 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night to accelerate germination. After 9 days, the germination rate reaches more than 88%. This method is applied to seed propagation and seedling cultivation in production, with fast germination, neat seedlings, high seedling rate, greatly shortened seedling breeding cycle, accelerated seedling supply speed, and saved a lot of costs. It is of great significance to promote the development and growth of the passion fruit industry and increase farmers' income. Different types of passion fruit have different difficulties in seed germination. Seeds of purple passion fruit, yellow passion fruit, Tainong No. 1 passion fruit and Qinmi No. 9 passion fruit are different. Under normal conditions, the germination time is long and takes more than 25 days. The germination rate is low and uneven. So far, no effective seed germination method has been found. The seed shell structure of passion fruit seeds is tight, which affects water permeability and air permeability, and has mechanical constraints on the growth of seed embryos, affecting seed germination. The results of germination tests at different temperatures show that the germination rate of shelled seeds is very low. After 28 days of placement in the bed, they do not germinate at constant temperatures of 15 degrees Celsius, 20 degrees Celsius and 40 degrees Celsius. The germination rates of seeds under other conditions vary greatly from 5% to 73%. The germination rate of seeds germinated at 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night is the highest, indicating that the seed shell is the main physical factor causing low seed germination rate or no germination, as shown in Table 1. . Summary of the invention
[0004] The invention provides a method for quickly improving the germination rate of passion fruit seeds, which solves the problems of slow germination, low germination rate and long seedling raising period of a general method for germination rate of passion fruit seeds in the related art.
[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
[0006] A method for rapidly improving the germination rate of passion fruit seeds comprises the steps S1: taking out seeds from mature passion fruit, cleaning them, drying them in the air for later use, and selecting seeds that are complete in appearance, mature and plump, and without damage;
[0007] Step S2: soaking the seeds before germination, soaking the seeds in 0.1 molar nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours, then soaking them in clean water for one day, washing and dripping the water, placing them on a moist germination bed and placing them in a variable temperature incubator at 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night for germination for 15 days;
[0008] Step S3: Before raising the seedlings, the treated seeds are wrapped with wet gauze and placed in a variable temperature incubator at 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night for germination. During the germination period, the seeds in the bag are loosened once every 24 hours to keep the seeds moist until most of the seeds germinate;
[0009] Step S4: peat soil is used as the culture soil, and a hole tray is used for sowing. The hole tray has 32 holes. After sowing, the whole area is covered with peat soil, and after being irrigated thoroughly, it is avoided from being exposed to the sun. A greenhouse is used for rain protection and heat preservation;
[0010] Step S5: During the passion fruit seedling raising stage, provide sufficient light and place the seedling raising pot in a sunny location but avoid direct exposure to the sun;
[0011] Step S6: When the passion fruit seedling grows to 4 true leaves, carefully transplant the seedling into a larger pot to allow it to continue growing;
[0012] Step S7: During the growth period of the seedlings, use a special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings and fertilize according to the instructions on the package;
[0013] Step S8: During the seedling raising process, regularly check the health of the seedlings to promptly detect and deal with existing pests and diseases.
[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the seeds are taken out from the mature passion fruit, cleaned and dried for later use, and the specific steps of selecting seeds with complete appearance, mature and plump without damage are as follows:
[0015] (1) Use a knife to cut open the ripe passion fruit and take out the seeds inside;
[0016] (2) Wash the seeds with clean water to remove the remaining pulp and juice;
[0017] (3) Place the cleaned seeds on a dustpan to air dry or dry in the sun, avoiding direct sunlight. Select seeds that are intact, mature, plump and undamaged for use to ensure their good quality.
[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seeds are soaked before germination in step S2, and the seeds are soaked in 0.1 molar nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours, and then soaked in clean water for one day, washed and dripped dry, and then germinated for 15 days. The specific steps are:
[0019] (1) Soak the seeds in 0.1 molar nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours before germination;
[0020] (2) After washing off the liquid medicine, soak the seeds in clean water for 1 day, and then wash off the pulp and other attachments on the surface of the seeds;
[0021] (3) Drain the water and place the seeds on a moist germination paper bed and germinate them for 15 days at a variable temperature of 35°C for 8 hours during the day and 25°C for 16 hours at night.
[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, before raising the seedlings, the treated seeds are wrapped with wet gauze and placed in a variable temperature incubator at 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours per day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours per night for germination. During the germination period, the seeds in the bag are loosened once every 24 hours to keep the seeds moist. The specific steps are as follows:
[0023] (1) Before seedling raising, the seeds were treated by soaking them in 0.1 molar nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours, then washing them off, soaking them in clean water for 1 day, then washing them off, draining the water and setting them aside;
[0024] (2) Wrap the seeds with wet gauze, place them in an incubator, and set the temperature to 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night;
[0025] (3) Check and loosen the seeds in the gauze every 24 hours to ensure that the seeds can move freely;
[0026] (4) Every 24 hours, observe the moisture on the surface of the seeds in the package, remove excess moisture, keep the seeds moist to prevent them from over-drying, remove mold and necrotic grains, and re-package the seeds until most of the seeds germinate.
[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, peat soil is selected as the culture soil, a plug tray is used for sowing, and the plug tray uses 32 holes. After sowing, the whole is covered with peat soil, and after watering, it is avoided from sun exposure. The specific steps of taking a greenhouse for rain protection and heat preservation are as follows:
[0028] (1) First, make sure that the peat soil is clean, free of pests and diseases, and has been properly disinfected. Make sure that the selected 32-hole tray is clean and undamaged, then place the seeds in each hole of the tray, and ensure that there is at least one germinated seed in each hole;
[0029] (2) Cover the seeds with peat soil, making sure that the peat soil covers the seeds and fills the holes in the plug tray. Use a watering can to evenly pour water on the peat soil to ensure that the soil is moist.
[0030] (3) Place the plug tray in the greenhouse, ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse is suitable, maintain good ventilation, maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, and avoid rain directly falling on the plug tray to avoid affecting the seed seedling formation.
[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, during the passion fruit seedling raising stage, sufficient light is provided, and the seedling raising pot is placed in a sunny position, but the specific steps of avoiding direct exposure are as follows:
[0032] (1) Place the seedling pot in a sunny location to ensure that the seeds can receive enough sunlight, but avoid direct exposure of the seeds to strong sunlight to avoid damage. Use a shade net to provide appropriate shade for the seeds;
[0033] (2) At the same time, in order to ensure that the seeds can receive sunlight evenly, the seedling pots need to be rotated regularly so that they can receive light from all directions.
[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S6, when the passion fruit seedling grows to 4 true leaves, the specific steps of carefully transplanting the seedling into a larger pot so that it continues to grow are:
[0035] (1) Select a pot of appropriate size to ensure that it can accommodate the seedlings and their roots. The depth and width of the pot should be appropriate to provide sufficient growth space for the seedlings. Fill the pot with soil suitable for passion fruit growth. Ensure that the soil is loose and well-drained, and add appropriate fertilizer to provide nutrition.
[0036] (2) When the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully remove the seedlings from the original seedling pots, keeping the root system of the seedlings intact and avoiding damaging the roots;
[0037] (3) Place the removed seedlings in a newly prepared pot and secure them with soil to ensure that the roots are well supported.
[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the growth of the seedlings in step S7, a special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings is used, and the specific steps of fertilizing according to the packaging instructions are as follows:
[0039] (1) Choose a special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings, ensure that the fertilizer contains an appropriate amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to meet the needs of seedling growth, carefully read the instructions on the fertilizer package, and apply fertilizer according to the recommended amount and method. Pay attention to the appropriate amount when applying fertilizer to avoid excessive fertilization that may cause damage to the seedlings;
[0040] (2) After fertilizing, make sure the soil in the pot remains moderately moist so that the seedlings can better absorb nutrients.
[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S8, during the seedling raising process, the health status of the seedlings is regularly checked, and the specific steps of timely discovering and handling existing pests and diseases are as follows:
[0042] (1) The occurrence of pests and diseases is related to the growth environment. Maintaining appropriate light, temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions is conducive to reducing the incidence of pests and diseases. At the same time, reasonable fertilization, watering and other measures can enhance the resistance of seedlings and make them more resistant to diseases and pests.
[0043] (2) During the seedling raising process, record the details of each inspection and treatment, including date, symptom description, treatment method, etc., regularly summarize experience and lessons learned, and improve seedling raising technology and management methods.
[0044] The working principle and beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0045] 1. The working principle and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: nitric acid has strong oxidizing and corrosive chemical properties, which can corrode the seed shell to change its physical properties, enhance permeability, thereby increasing water and oxygen penetration, and promoting seed germination; the seed shell structure of passion fruit seeds is strict, and the water permeability and air permeability are poor, which has a mechanical constraint on the growth of seed embryos; after the seeds are soaked in nitric acid solution, the air permeability and water permeability of the seed shell are increased; and physical temperature change is adopted to adapt to the original living habits of the seeds, so that the organism and the environment are unified, thereby promoting the passion fruit seeds to reach the peak of germination in a short time; after being applied to sowing and seedling raising, the seedling rate is high, the seedlings are uniform and strong, the seedling raising period is shortened, the cost is reduced, the needs of the majority of fruit farmers for seedling planting are met in time, and the seedling raising technology support is provided for the development of the passion fruit industry.
[0046] 2. The working principle and beneficial effect of the present invention are that the temperature change is adapted to the species requirements of the passion fruit origin, the seed shell can be loosened and changed in permeability, the seeds are promoted to absorb water and oxygen, and the germination of seeds is accelerated. Generally, the germination rate of seeds is the highest under the optimum temperature conditions, and the germination is rapid and neat, and the seedlings are strong. Experiments have shown that the optimum temperature for germination of passion fruit seeds is 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night, which is very different from the germination temperature of other crops such as cultivated rice and corn seeds (25 to 30 degrees Celsius during the day and 25 degrees Celsius at night). This characteristic is related to the passion fruit origin. Passion fruit originates in South American countries such as Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, and is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions. It belongs to tropical and subtropical plants, and likes warm and humid conditions and short daylight, so that the seeds form the habit of starting to germinate in the main production season, which is a prominent manifestation of the unity of biology and environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0047] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0048] Example 1
[0049] Cut the ripe passion fruit with a knife, take out the seeds inside, clean the seeds with clean water, remove the pulp and juice remaining on the surface of the seeds, put the cleaned seeds on a dustpan to dry or dry in the sun, avoid direct sunlight, select seeds with complete appearance, mature, plump and undamaged for standby use, ensure their good quality, soak the seeds in 0.1 molar nitric acid solution for 24 hours at 25 degrees Celsius before germination, wash the seeds with the solution and soak them in clean water for 1 day, wash off the pulp and other attachments on the surface of the seeds, drain the water and place them on a moist germination paper bed, and then germinate them for 15 days at a temperature of 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night. Treat the seeds before raising them, and soak them in 0.1 molar nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours at 25 degrees Celsius.Soak the seeds in 1 molar nitric acid solution for 24 hours, then wash off the solution and soak them in clean water for 1 day, then wash the seeds, drain the water and set aside. Wrap the seeds with wet gauze and put them in an incubator. Set the temperature to 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night. Check and loosen the seeds in the gauze every 24 hours to ensure that the seeds can move freely. Every 24 hours, observe the moisture on the surface of the seeds in the bag, remove excess moisture, keep the seeds moist to prevent the seeds from drying out, remove mold and necrotic grains, rewrap the seeds until most of the seeds germinate. First, make sure the peat soil is clean, free of pests and diseases, and has been properly disinfected. Make sure the selected 32-hole hole tray is clean and undamaged before putting the seeds into the holes In each hole of the tray, make sure there is at least one germinated seed in each hole, then cover the seeds with peat soil, make sure the peat soil covers the seeds and fills the holes of the tray, use a watering can to evenly pour water on the peat soil to ensure that the soil is moist, place the tray in a greenhouse, make sure the temperature in the greenhouse is suitable, and maintain good ventilation, maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, avoid rain directly on the tray, so as not to affect the seed seedlings, place the seedling pot in a sunny position, ensure that the seeds can receive enough sunlight, but avoid direct exposure of the seeds to strong sunlight to avoid damage, use a shade net to provide appropriate shade for the seeds, and at the same time, in order to ensure that the seeds can receive sunlight evenly, they need to be regularly Rotate the seedling pot regularly so that it can receive light from all directions, choose a pot of appropriate size to ensure that it can accommodate the seedlings and their roots. The depth and width of the pot should be appropriate to provide sufficient growth space for the seedlings. Fill the pot with soil suitable for passion fruit growth, ensure that the soil is loose and well-drained, and add fertilizer appropriately to provide nutrition. When the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully remove the seedlings from the original seedling pot, keep the root system of the seedlings intact and avoid damaging the roots. Place the removed seedlings in the newly prepared pot, fix the seedlings with soil, ensure that the roots are well supported, and choose special fertilizers suitable for passion fruit seedlings. Ensure that the fertilizer contains appropriate amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To meet the needs of seedling growth, carefully read the instructions on the fertilizer package and apply fertilizer according to the recommended dosage and method. Pay attention to the appropriate amount of fertilizer to avoid excessive fertilization that may cause damage to the seedlings. After fertilization, ensure that the potting soil remains moderately moist so that the seedlings can better absorb nutrients. The occurrence of diseases and insect pests is related to the growth environment. Maintaining appropriate light, temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions will help reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests. At the same time, through reasonable fertilization, watering and other measures, the resistance of seedlings can be enhanced to make them more disease-resistant and insect-resistant. During the seedling raising process, record the details of each inspection and treatment, including date, symptom description, treatment method, etc., regularly summarize experience and lessons, and improve seedling raising technology and management methods;.
[0050] Furthermore, clean, mature and full seeds were randomly selected from the sample, 100 seeds per portion, 3 replicates, and nitric acid solution (see Appendix) was prepared. The seeds were soaked in 0.1M nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours in a beaker or other container. The seeds were taken out and the solution was poured out. The seeds were soaked in clean water for 1 day, and then the attachments on the surface of the seeds were cleaned and the water was drained to be placed on the bed for germination. The germination bed can be a culture dish or a germination box paper bed, gauze and towels. The germination box was cleaned and disinfected before placing on the bed. The treated seeds were evenly placed on the moist germination bed, labeled, covered and placed in the incubator. The germination temperature was 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night. Check and record the germination status every day, keep the germination bed moist, remove moldy grains in time, wash them, remove rotten grains and discard them, and replace new germination beds when necessary. The germination standard is that the length of the young sprout is equivalent to 1 / 2 of the seed length and the growth is normal. If the sprout grows abnormally or rots, it will not be counted as a normal germination seed.
[0051] Results Statistics: The germination potential was calculated on the 9th day after the seeds were placed in the bed, and the germination rate and germination index were calculated on the 15th day.
[0052]
[0053]
[0054]
[0055] In addition, the contents of Table 2 were obtained based on the effect of nitric acid concentration ratio on passion fruit seed germination, and the contents of Table 3 were obtained based on the technical operating procedures for passion fruit seed germination.
[0056] Example 2
[0057] Cut the ripe passion fruit with a knife, take out the seeds inside, clean the seeds with clean water, remove the pulp and juice remaining on the surface of the seeds, put the cleaned seeds on a dustpan to dry or dry in the sun, avoid direct sunlight, select seeds with complete appearance, mature, plump and undamaged for standby use, ensure their good quality, soak the seeds in 0.2 molar nitric acid solution for 24 hours at 25 degrees Celsius before germination, wash the seeds with the solution and soak them in clean water for 1 day, wash off the pulp and other attachments on the surface of the seeds, drain the water and place them on a moist germination paper bed, and then germinate them for 15 days under the temperature change conditions of 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night. Treat the seeds before raising them, and soak them in 0.2 molar nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours at 25 degrees Celsius.Soak the seeds in 1 molar nitric acid solution for 24 hours, then wash off the solution and soak them in clean water for 1 day, then wash the seeds, drain the water and set aside. Wrap the seeds with wet gauze and put them in an incubator. Set the temperature to 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night. Check and loosen the seeds in the gauze every 24 hours to ensure that the seeds can move freely. Every 24 hours, observe the moisture on the surface of the seeds in the bag, remove excess moisture, keep the seeds moist to prevent the seeds from drying out, remove mold and necrotic grains, rewrap the seeds until most of the seeds germinate. First, make sure the peat soil is clean, free of pests and diseases, and has been properly disinfected. Make sure the selected 32-hole hole tray is clean and undamaged before putting the seeds into the holes In each hole of the tray, make sure there is at least one germinated seed in each hole, then cover the seeds with peat soil, make sure the peat soil covers the seeds and fills the holes of the tray, use a watering can to evenly pour water on the peat soil to ensure that the soil is moist, place the tray in a greenhouse, make sure the temperature in the greenhouse is suitable, and maintain good ventilation, maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, avoid rain directly on the tray, so as not to affect the seed seedlings, place the seedling pot in a sunny position, ensure that the seeds can receive enough sunlight, but avoid direct exposure of the seeds to strong sunlight to avoid damage, use a shade net to provide appropriate shade for the seeds, and at the same time, in order to ensure that the seeds can receive sunlight evenly, they need to be regularly Rotate the seedling pot regularly so that it can receive light from all directions, choose a pot of appropriate size to ensure that it can accommodate the seedlings and their roots. The depth and width of the pot should be appropriate to provide sufficient growth space for the seedlings. Fill the pot with soil suitable for passion fruit growth, ensure that the soil is loose and well-drained, and add fertilizer appropriately to provide nutrition. When the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully remove the seedlings from the original seedling pot, keep the root system of the seedlings intact and avoid damaging the roots. Place the removed seedlings in the newly prepared pot, fix the seedlings with soil, ensure that the roots are well supported, and choose special fertilizers suitable for passion fruit seedlings. Ensure that the fertilizer contains appropriate amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To meet the needs of seedling growth, carefully read the instructions on the fertilizer package and apply fertilizer according to the recommended dosage and method. Pay attention to the appropriate amount of fertilizer to avoid excessive fertilization that may cause damage to the seedlings. After fertilization, ensure that the potting soil remains moderately moist so that the seedlings can better absorb nutrients. The occurrence of diseases and insect pests is related to the growth environment. Maintaining appropriate light, temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions will help reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests. At the same time, through reasonable fertilization, watering and other measures, the resistance of seedlings can be enhanced to make them more disease-resistant and insect-resistant. During the seedling raising process, record the details of each inspection and treatment, including date, symptom description, treatment method, etc., regularly summarize experience and lessons, and improve seedling raising technology and management methods;.
[0058] Furthermore, clean, mature and full seeds were randomly selected from the sample, 100 seeds per portion, 3 replicates, and nitric acid solution (see Appendix) was prepared. The seeds were soaked in 0.2M nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours in a beaker or other container. The seeds were taken out and the solution was poured out. The seeds were soaked in clean water for 1 day, and then the attachments on the surface of the seeds were cleaned and the water was drained to be placed on the bed for germination. The germination bed can be a culture dish or a germination box paper bed, gauze and towels. The germination box was cleaned and disinfected before placing on the bed. The treated seeds were evenly placed on the moist germination bed, and the labels were placed and the lid was covered and placed in the incubator. The germination temperature was 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night. Check and record the germination status every day, keep the germination bed moist, remove moldy grains in time, wash them, remove rotten grains and discard them, and replace new germination beds when necessary. The germination standard is that the length of the young sprout is equivalent to 1 / 2 of the seed length and the growth is normal. If the sprout grows abnormally or rots, it will not be counted as a normal germination seed.
[0059] Results Statistics: The germination potential was calculated on the 9th day after the seeds were placed in the bed, and the germination rate and germination index were calculated on the 15th day.
[0060]
[0061]
[0062]
[0063] In addition, the contents of Table 2 were obtained based on the effect of nitric acid concentration ratio on passion fruit seed germination, and the contents of Table 3 were obtained based on the technical operating procedures for passion fruit seed germination;
[0064] Example 3
[0065] Cut the ripe passion fruit with a knife, take out the seeds inside, clean the seeds with clean water, remove the pulp and juice remaining on the surface of the seeds, put the cleaned seeds on a dustpan to dry or dry in the sun, avoid direct sunlight, select seeds with complete appearance, mature, plump and undamaged for standby use, ensure their good quality, soak the seeds in 0.3 molar nitric acid solution for 24 hours at 25 degrees Celsius before germination, wash the seeds with the solution and soak them in clean water for 1 day, wash off the pulp and other attachments on the surface of the seeds, drain the water and place them on a moist germination paper bed, and then germinate them for 15 days at a temperature of 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night. Treat the seeds before raising them, and soak them in 0.3 molar nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours at 25 degrees Celsius.Soak the seeds in 1 molar nitric acid solution for 24 hours, then wash off the solution and soak them in clean water for 1 day, then wash the seeds, drain the water and set aside. Wrap the seeds with wet gauze and put them in an incubator. Set the temperature to 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night. Check and loosen the seeds in the gauze every 24 hours to ensure that the seeds can move freely. Every 24 hours, observe the moisture on the surface of the seeds in the bag, remove excess moisture, keep the seeds moist to prevent the seeds from drying out, remove mold and necrotic grains, rewrap the seeds until most of the seeds germinate. First, make sure the peat soil is clean, free of pests and diseases, and has been properly disinfected. Make sure the selected 32-hole hole tray is clean and undamaged before putting the seeds into the holes In each hole of the tray, make sure there is at least one germinated seed in each hole, then cover the seeds with peat soil, make sure the peat soil covers the seeds and fills the holes of the tray, use a watering can to evenly pour water on the peat soil to ensure that the soil is moist, place the tray in a greenhouse, make sure the temperature in the greenhouse is suitable, and maintain good ventilation, maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, avoid rain directly on the tray, so as not to affect the seed seedlings, place the seedling pot in a sunny position, ensure that the seeds can receive enough sunlight, but avoid direct exposure of the seeds to strong sunlight to avoid damage, use a shade net to provide appropriate shade for the seeds, and at the same time, in order to ensure that the seeds can receive sunlight evenly, they need to be regularly Rotate the seedling pot regularly so that it can receive light from all directions, choose a pot of appropriate size to ensure that it can accommodate the seedlings and their roots. The depth and width of the pot should be appropriate to provide sufficient growth space for the seedlings. Fill the pot with soil suitable for passion fruit growth, ensure that the soil is loose and well-drained, and add fertilizer appropriately to provide nutrition. When the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully remove the seedlings from the original seedling pot, keep the root system of the seedlings intact and avoid damaging the roots. Place the removed seedlings in the newly prepared pot, fix the seedlings with soil, ensure that the roots are well supported, and choose special fertilizers suitable for passion fruit seedlings. Ensure that the fertilizer contains appropriate amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To meet the needs of seedling growth, carefully read the instructions on the fertilizer package and apply fertilizer according to the recommended dosage and method. Pay attention to the appropriate amount of fertilizer to avoid excessive fertilization that may cause damage to the seedlings. After fertilization, ensure that the potting soil remains moderately moist so that the seedlings can better absorb nutrients. The occurrence of diseases and insect pests is related to the growth environment. Maintaining appropriate light, temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions will help reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests. At the same time, through reasonable fertilization, watering and other measures, the resistance of seedlings can be enhanced to make them more disease-resistant and insect-resistant. During the seedling raising process, record the details of each inspection and treatment, including date, symptom description, treatment method, etc., regularly summarize experience and lessons, and improve seedling raising technology and management methods;.
[0066] Furthermore, clean, mature and full seeds were randomly selected from the sample, 100 seeds per portion, 3 replicates, and nitric acid solution (see Appendix) was prepared. The seeds were soaked in 0.3M nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours in a beaker or other container. The seeds were taken out and the solution was poured out. The seeds were soaked in clean water for 1 day, and then the attachments on the surface of the seeds were cleaned and the water was drained to be placed on the bed for germination. The germination bed can be a culture dish or a germination box paper bed, gauze and towels. The germination box was cleaned and disinfected before placing on the bed. The treated seeds were evenly placed on the moist germination bed, and the labels were placed and the lid was covered and placed in the incubator. The germination temperature was 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night. Check and record the germination status every day, keep the germination bed moist, remove moldy grains in time, wash them, remove rotten grains and discard them, and replace new germination beds when necessary. The germination standard is that the length of the young sprout is equivalent to 1 / 2 of the seed length and the growth is normal. If the sprout grows abnormally or rots, it will not be counted as a normal germination seed.
[0067] Results Statistics: The germination potential was calculated on the 9th day after the seeds were placed in the bed, and the germination rate and germination index were calculated on the 15th day.
[0068]
[0069]
[0070]
[0071] In addition, the contents of Table 2 were obtained based on the effect of nitric acid concentration ratio on passion fruit seed germination, and the contents of Table 3 were obtained based on the technical operating procedures for passion fruit seed germination.
[0072] Table 1 Germination results of passion fruit seeds at different temperatures
[0073]
[0074] ** Germination time under various temperature conditions is 28 days
[0075] Table 2 Effect of nitric acid treatment on passion fruit seed germination
[0076]
[0077] **Cultivated at 35℃ for 8 hours during the day and 25℃ for 16 hours at night. The germination potential was calculated on the 9th day after placement, and the germination rate and germination index were calculated on the 15th day.
[0078] Table 3 Germination percentage tolerance table
[0079]
[0080] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
[0081] Appendix: Preparation of Drug Solution
[0082] Preparation of nitric acid solution
[0083] Calculation formula: M1V1=M2V2.
[0084] M1 is the concentration of concentrated nitric acid (M / L) V1 is the volume of concentrated nitric acid required (L)
[0085] M2 is the concentration of the prepared solution (M / L) V2 is the volume of the solution to be prepared (L)
[0086] For example, to prepare 1000 ml of 0.1M nitric acid solution, the required concentrated nitric acid with a concentration of 65.0%-68.0% and a specific gravity of 1.4 is:
[0087]
[0088] Use a pipette to draw 6.78 ml of nitric acid into a 1000 ml volumetric flask, add water to the mark, and shake well to obtain 1000 ml of 0.1 M nitric acid solution.
Claims
1. A method for rapidly improving the germination rate of passion fruit seeds, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Take out seeds from ripe passion fruit, clean them, dry them and set them aside for later use, and select seeds with intact appearance and no damage; Step S2: soaking the seeds before sowing, soaking the seeds in 0.1 molar nitric acid solution for 24 hours, and then soaking them in clean water for one day, washing the seeds, draining them, and germinating them for 15 days; The specific steps of soaking the seeds before sowing in step S2 are as follows: soaking the seeds in 0.1 molar nitric acid solution for 24 hours, then soaking them in clean water for one day, washing the seeds, draining them, and germinating them for 15 days. (1) Soak the seeds in 0.1 molar nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours before sowing; (2) After washing off the liquid medicine, soak the seeds in clean water for 1 day, and then wash off the pulp and other attachments on the surface of the seeds; (3) Drain the water and place the germination bed on a moist germination bed for 15 days at a temperature of 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night; Step S3: Before raising the seedlings, the seeds are wrapped with wet gauze and placed in an incubator at 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours per day for temperature-controlled germination. During the germination period, the seeds in the bag are loosened once every 24 hours to keep the seeds moist until most of the seeds germinate; Step S4: peat soil is used as the culture soil, and a hole tray is used for sowing. The hole tray has 32 holes. After sowing, the whole area is covered with peat soil, and after being irrigated thoroughly, it is avoided from being exposed to the sun. A greenhouse is used for rain protection and heat preservation; Step S5: During the passion fruit seedling raising stage, provide sufficient light and place the seedling raising pot in a sunny location but avoid direct exposure to the sun; Step S6: When the passion fruit seedling grows to 4 true leaves, carefully transplant the seedling into a larger pot to allow it to continue growing; Step S7: During the growth period of the seedlings, use a special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings and fertilize according to the instructions on the package; Step S8: During the seedling raising process, regularly check the health of the seedlings to promptly detect and deal with existing pests and diseases.
2. A method for rapidly improving passion fruit seed germination rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the seeds are taken out from the ripe passion fruit, cleaned and dried for later use, and the specific steps of selecting seeds with intact appearance and no damage are as follows: (1) Use a knife to cut open the ripe passion fruit and take out the seeds inside; (2) Wash the seeds with clean water to remove the remaining pulp and juice; (3) Place the cleaned seeds on a dustpan to air dry or dry in the sun, avoiding direct sunlight. Select seeds that are intact, mature, plump and undamaged for use to ensure their good quality.
3. A method for rapidly improving passion fruit seed germination rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, before seedling raising, the treated seeds are wrapped with wet gauze and placed in an incubator at 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours per day for temperature-controlled germination. During the germination period, the seeds in the bag are loosened once every 24 hours to keep the seeds moist. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Before seedling raising, the seeds were treated by soaking them in 0.1 molar nitric acid solution at 25 degrees Celsius for 24 hours, then washing them off, soaking them in clean water for 1 day, then washing them off, draining the water and setting them aside; (2) Wrap the seeds with wet gauze, place them in an incubator, and set the temperature to 35 degrees Celsius for 8 hours during the day and 25 degrees Celsius for 16 hours at night; (3) Check and loosen the seeds in the gauze every 24 hours to ensure that the seeds can move freely; (4) Every 24 hours, observe the moisture on the surface of the seeds in the package, remove excess moisture, keep the seeds moist to prevent them from over-drying, remove mold and necrotic grains, and re-package the seeds until most of the seeds germinate.
4. A method for rapidly improving passion fruit seed germination rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, peat soil is selected as the culture soil, and a hole tray is used for sowing, with 32 holes in the hole tray. After sowing, the whole area is covered with peat soil, and after watering, it is protected from the sun. The specific steps of using a greenhouse for rain protection and heat preservation are as follows: (1) First, make sure that the peat soil is clean, free of pests and diseases, and has been properly disinfected. Make sure that the selected 32-hole tray is clean and not damaged, then place the seeds in each hole of the tray, ensuring that there is one seed in each hole; (2) Cover the seeds with peat soil, making sure that the peat soil covers the seeds and fills the holes in the plug tray. Use a watering can to evenly pour water on the peat soil to ensure that the soil is moist. (3) Place the plug tray in a greenhouse, ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse is appropriate, maintain good ventilation, maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, and avoid rain directly falling on the plug tray to avoid affecting seed germination.
5. A method for rapidly improving passion fruit seed germination rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, during the passion fruit seedling raising stage, sufficient light is provided, and the seedling raising pot is placed in a sunny location, but the specific steps of avoiding direct exposure to the sun are as follows: (1) Place the seedling pot in a sunny location to ensure that the seeds can receive sufficient sunlight, but avoid direct exposure of the seeds to strong sunlight to avoid damage. Use a shade net to provide appropriate shade for the seeds; (2) At the same time, in order to ensure that the seeds can receive sunlight evenly, the seedling pots need to be rotated regularly so that they can receive light from all directions.
6. A method for rapidly improving passion fruit seed germination rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, when the passion fruit seedling grows to 4 true leaves, the seedling is carefully transplanted into a larger pot so that it continues to grow. The specific steps are: (1) Select a pot of appropriate size to ensure that it can accommodate the seedlings and their roots. The depth and width of the pot should be appropriate to provide sufficient growth space for the seedlings. Fill the pot with soil suitable for passion fruit growth. Ensure that the soil is loose and well-drained, and add appropriate fertilizer to provide nutrition. (2) When the passion fruit seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, carefully remove the seedlings from the original seedling pots, keeping the root system of the seedlings intact and avoiding damaging the roots; (3) Place the removed seedlings in a newly prepared pot and secure them with soil to ensure that the roots are well supported.
7. A method for rapidly improving the germination rate of passion fruit seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the growth of the seedlings in step S7, the specific steps of using a special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings and applying fertilizer according to the packaging instructions are as follows: (1) Choose a special fertilizer suitable for passion fruit seedlings, ensure that the fertilizer contains an appropriate amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to meet the needs of seedling growth, carefully read the instructions on the fertilizer package, and apply fertilizer according to the recommended amount and method. Pay attention to the appropriate amount when applying fertilizer to avoid excessive fertilization that may cause damage to the seedlings; (2) After fertilizing, make sure the soil in the pot remains moderately moist so that the seedlings can better absorb nutrients.
8. A method for rapidly improving passion fruit seed germination rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S8, during the seedling raising process, the specific steps of regularly checking the health status of the seedlings and timely discovering and handling existing pests and diseases are as follows: (1) The occurrence of pests and diseases is related to the growth environment. Maintaining appropriate light, temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions is conducive to reducing the incidence of pests and diseases. At the same time, reasonable fertilization, watering and other measures can enhance the resistance of seedlings and make them more resistant to diseases and pests. (2) During the seedling raising process, record the details of each inspection and treatment, including date, symptom description, treatment method, etc., regularly summarize experience and lessons learned, and improve seedling raising technology and management methods.