An extremely wide beam broadband low backlobe GNSS positioning antenna

Abstract

The present application provides an extremely wide beam, broadband, low back lobe GNSS positioning antenna, comprising a radiating plate, a feeding probe, a cavity, a feeding network, a plurality of radiating plate dielectric gaskets and radiating plate dielectric screws: the radiating plate comprises a directly fed radiating plate 1, a directly fed radiating plate 2, a parasitic plate 1 and a parasitic plate 2; the feeding probe is fixed to the directly fed radiating plate 1 and the directly fed radiating plate 2; the radiating plate dielectric screw passes through the radiating plate and the radiating plate dielectric gasket, and is fixed to the cavity by threads; the radiating plate dielectric gaskets are respectively located between the radiating plate and the cavity, and are used to maintain the height of the radiating plate and make the radiating plate parallel to the upper surface of the cavity; the feeding network is arranged at the lower part of the cavity, and is electrically connected to the directly fed radiating plate 1 and the directly fed radiating plate 2 through the feeding probe, and is used to directly feed the directly fed radiating plate 1 and the directly fed radiating plate 2, and to couple and feed the parasitic plate 1 and the parasitic plate 2, so that the antenna is compatible with more navigation frequency bands and a wider beam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an extremely wide beam, broadband, low back lobe GNSS positioning antenna. Background Art

[0002] In the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), receivers use antennas to receive signals from satellites, thereby providing users with all-weather three-dimensional coordinates, speed, and time information at any location on the Earth's surface or in near-Earth space.

[0003] With the development of the global satellite navigation system, GNSS positioning antennas are required to receive more navigation signals. Therefore, GNSS positioning antennas are required to be compatible with more navigation frequency bands and have wider beams. However, the 1dBiC beam width of existing GNSS positioning antennas is usually less than 60°, which makes it increasingly difficult to meet the needs of different scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application shows an extremely wide beam broadband low backlobe GNSS positioning antenna to solve the problem that the GNSS positioning antenna in the related art is not compatible with more navigation frequency bands and wider beams.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application shows an extremely wide beam broadband low back lobe GNSS positioning antenna, the GNSS positioning antenna comprising a radiating plate, a feeding probe, a cavity, a feeding network, a plurality of radiating plate dielectric gaskets and radiating plate dielectric screws, wherein:

[0006] The radiation plate comprises a direct-fed radiation plate 1, a direct-fed radiation plate 2, a parasitic plate 1 and a parasitic plate 2;

[0007] The feeding probe is fixed to the direct-feeding radiating plate 1 and the direct-feeding radiating plate 2;

[0008] The radiating plate dielectric screw passes through the radiating plate and the radiating plate dielectric gasket and is fixed in the cavity by threads;

[0009] The radiation plate dielectric gaskets are respectively located between the radiation plate and the cavity, and are used to maintain the height of the radiation plate and make the radiation plate parallel to the upper surface of the cavity;

[0010] The feeding network is arranged at the lower part of the cavity, and is electrically connected to the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2 through the feeding probe, and is used to directly feed the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2, and couple and feed the parasitic plate 1 and the parasitic plate 2, so that the GNSS positioning antenna radiates right-hand circularly polarized waves.

[0011] Optionally, the GNSS positioning antenna further comprises a nut, and threads are arranged at the top and the middle of the feeding probe;

[0012] The direct-feed radiation plate 1 is provided with a threaded hole, the feeding probe passes through the threaded hole, and the thread in the middle of the feeding probe is fixed to the threaded hole;

[0013] The direct-fed radiation plate 2 is provided with a through hole, the feeding probe passes through the through hole, and the thread on the top of the feeding probe is fixed with the nut.

[0014] Optionally, the radiation sheet dielectric gasket includes radiation sheet dielectric gasket 1, radiation sheet dielectric gasket 2, radiation sheet dielectric gasket 3 and radiation sheet dielectric gasket 4;

[0015] The radiating plate dielectric gasket 1 is located between the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the cavity;

[0016] The radiation plate dielectric gasket 2 is located between the direct-fed radiation plate 1 and the direct-fed radiation plate 2;

[0017] The radiation plate dielectric gasket 3 is located between the direct-fed radiation plate 2 and the parasitic plate 1;

[0018] The radiation plate dielectric gasket 4 is located between the parasitic plate 1 and the parasitic plate 2 .

[0019] Optionally, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes a metal gasket;

[0020] The metal gasket is located between the radiation plates and is used to suppress the high-order modes of the GNSS positioning antenna.

[0021] Optionally, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes a short-circuit nail;

[0022] The short-circuit nail passes through the radiation sheet and the metal gasket and is fixed to the cavity through threads;

[0023] The metal gaskets are respectively located between the radiation plates.

[0024] Optionally, the metal gasket includes an upper metal gasket, a middle metal gasket and a lower metal gasket;

[0025] The lower metal gasket is located between the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2;

[0026] The intermediate metal gasket is located between the direct-fed radiation plate 2 and the parasitic plate 1;

[0027] The lower metal gasket is located between the parasitic plate 1 and the parasitic plate 2 .

[0028] Optionally, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes inclined multi-layer fragments for widening the beam width of the GNSS positioning antenna and reducing back lobe intensity.

[0029] Optionally, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes a fragment medium screw and a fragment gasket;

[0030] The fragment medium screw passes through the fragment and the fragment gasket and is fixed to the cavity through threads;

[0031] The fragment gaskets are respectively located between the fragment and the cavity, and are used to fix the position and tilt angle of the fragment.

[0032] Optionally, the fragments include a lower left fragment, a lower right fragment, an upper left fragment and an upper right fragment, and the fragment gaskets include fragment gasket 1, fragment gasket 2 and fragment gasket 3;

[0033] The fragment gasket 1 is located between the lower left fragment and the cavity and between the lower right fragment and the cavity;

[0034] The fragment gasket 2 is located between the lower left fragment and the upper left fragment and between the lower right fragment and the upper right fragment;

[0035] The fragment gasket 3 is located above the upper left fragment and the upper right fragment.

[0036] Optionally, the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2 are both rectangular structures and have disks along four directions;

[0037] The direct-feed radiation plate 1 is provided with a threaded hole on the disk for fixing with the feeding probe;

[0038] The direct-fed radiation plate 2 is provided with a through hole on the disk for fixing with the feeding probe.

[0039] Optionally, the bottom of the direct-fed radiation sheet 1 has a square frame structure.

[0040] Optionally, the contact positions of the feeding probe and the direct-feeding radiation piece 1 and the direct-feeding radiation piece 2 respectively have a truncated cone structure for increasing the contact area.

[0041] Optionally, the size of the radiation plate and the height of the radiation plate dielectric gasket are adjustable, so as to adjust the resonant frequency of the GNSS positioning antenna.

[0042] Optionally, the cavity has a protruding folded conductive wall, and the folded conductive wall adopts a multi-layer slit structure.

[0043] Optionally, the folded conductive wall comprises a wall inclined at 45°.

[0044] Optionally, the impedance, line width and line length of the feeding network are determined by the following method:

[0045] Obtaining the center frequency of the feed network, the thickness and dielectric constant of the feed network dielectric plate;

[0046] The input port and output port impedance of the feeding network are matched to preset values, and the initial values ​​of the impedance, line width and line length are preset, and the line width and line length of each microstrip line are obtained according to the center frequency, the thickness of the feeding network dielectric plate, the dielectric constant of the feeding network dielectric plate, the input impedance, the output impedance and the feeding point position.

[0047] Optionally, the output end of the feeding network is welded to the bottom of the feeding probe, and the input end of the feeding network is connected to a radio frequency connector.

[0048] Optionally, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes a cover plate fixed to the cavity by screws.

[0049] Optionally, mounting feet are provided around the cavity for mounting the GNSS positioning antenna.

[0050] Optionally, the cavity and the radiation sheet are made of aluminum alloy 2A12, the radiation sheet dielectric gasket and the radiation sheet dielectric screw are made of polyimide YS20, and the feeding probe is made of 304 stainless steel with a gold-plated surface.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:

[0052] The present application provides an extremely wide beam broadband low back lobe GNSS positioning antenna, comprising a radiating plate, a feeding probe, a cavity, a feeding network, a plurality of radiating plate dielectric gaskets and radiating plate dielectric screws, wherein: the radiating plate comprises a directly fed radiating plate 1, a directly fed radiating plate 2, a parasitic plate 1 and a parasitic plate 2; the feeding probe is fixed to the directly fed radiating plate 1 and the directly fed radiating plate 2; the radiating plate dielectric screw passes through the radiating plate and the radiating plate dielectric gasket, and is fixed to the cavity by threads; the radiating plate dielectric gaskets are respectively located between the radiating plate and the cavity, and are used to maintain the height of the radiating plate and make the radiating plate parallel to the upper surface of the cavity; the feeding network is arranged at the lower part of the cavity, and is electrically connected to the directly fed radiating plate 1 and the directly fed radiating plate 2 through the feeding probe, and is used to directly feed the directly fed radiating plate 1 and the directly fed radiating plate 2, and couple feed the parasitic plate 1 and the parasitic plate 2, so that the GNSS positioning antenna radiates right-handed circularly polarized waves.

[0053] In this way, the GNSS positioning antenna adopts different radiators and structural designs. The four-layer radiator adopts direct feeding and coupled feeding respectively. The radiator dielectric gasket ensures the parallelism of the radiator and the upper surface of the cavity without affecting the performance of the GNSS positioning antenna. Then, by optimizing the size and height of the radiator, the GNSS positioning antenna can be compatible with more navigation frequency bands and wider beams. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0055] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a GNSS positioning antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 is a top view schematic diagram of a GNSS positioning antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 is a half-section diagram of the structure of a GNSS positioning antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional exploded diagram of a GNSS positioning antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 is a half-section exploded view of a GNSS positioning antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6 is a top view of the direct-fed radiating sheet 1 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 7 is a bottom view of the direct-fed radiating sheet 1 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 8 is a top view of the direct-fed radiating sheet 2 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Fig. 9 is a half-section diagram of the structure of the feeding probe in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Fig.10 is a side view of a cavity in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Fig.11 is a top view of the cavity in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Fig.12is a schematic diagram of a feeding network in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the impedance of the feeding network in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to enable the scope of the present invention to be fully communicated to those skilled in the art.

[0069] The extremely wide beam, broadband, low backlobe GNSS positioning antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0070] The extremely wide beam broadband low back lobe GNSS positioning antenna disclosed in the present application comprises a radiating plate, a feeding probe, a cavity, a feeding network, a plurality of radiating plate dielectric gaskets and radiating plate dielectric screws, wherein:

[0071] The radiation plate comprises a direct-fed radiation plate 1, a direct-fed radiation plate 2, a parasitic plate 1 and a parasitic plate 2;

[0072] The feeding probe is fixed to the direct feeding radiation piece 1 and the direct feeding radiation piece 2;

[0073] The radiating plate dielectric screw passes through the radiating plate and the radiating plate dielectric gasket and is fixed to the cavity through threads;

[0074] The radiating plate dielectric gaskets are respectively located between the radiating plate and the cavity, and are used to maintain the height of the radiating plate and make the radiating plate parallel to the upper surface of the cavity;

[0075] The feeding network is arranged at the lower part of the cavity, and is electrically connected to the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2 through the feeding probe, so as to directly feed the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2, and couple and feed the parasitic plate 1 and the parasitic plate 2, so that the GNSS positioning antenna radiates right-handed circularly polarized waves.

[0076] In this way, the new radiator and new structural design enable the GNSS positioning antenna to cover all navigation frequency bands, and achieve a 1dBiC beam width greater than ±60°, a 5dB axial ratio angle greater than ±60°, and a peak gain greater than 5dBiC in the full frequency band. In addition, the rationality of the structural design of the radiator, cavity, feed probe, and radiator dielectric gasket simplifies the installation difficulty, effectively reduces the contact resistance, and reduces the impact of assembly on the GNSS positioning antenna.

[0077] Moreover, the new structural design is different from the previous screw-connected structure on the market. Through the reasonable design of the direct-feeding radiating plate 1, the direct-feeding radiating plate 2 and the feeding probe, the stacked direct feeding is realized. This method not only reduces the problem of large contact resistance caused by screw connection, but also simplifies the difficulty of installation.

[0078] Among them, the diameter of the radiating plate dielectric screw and the radiating plate dielectric gasket has no effect on the GNSS positioning antenna and only needs to meet the engineering design requirements.

[0079] Specifically, if Figure 1 to Figure 5 As shown, they are respectively a three-dimensional schematic diagram, a top view schematic diagram, a structural half-section diagram, a three-dimensional exploded diagram and a half-section exploded diagram of the GNSS positioning antenna provided by the present invention.

[0080] Among them, the GNSS positioning antenna includes:

[0081] 1—Cavity;

[0082] 2—directly fed radiator 1;

[0083] 3—directly fed radiator 2;

[0084] 4—parasitic piece 1;

[0085] 5—parasitic piece 2;

[0086] 6—lower left fragment;

[0087] 7—lower right fragment;

[0088] 8—upper left fragment;

[0089] 9—upper right fragment;

[0090] 10—feed probe;

[0091] 11—radiating plate dielectric gasket 1;

[0092] 12—radiating plate dielectric gasket 2;

[0093] 13—lower metal gasket;

[0094] 14—nut;

[0095] 15—radiating plate dielectric gasket 3;

[0096] 16—middle metal gasket;

[0097] 17—radiating plate dielectric gasket 4;

[0098] 18—Upper metal gasket;

[0099] 19—short-circuit nail;

[0100] 20—Radiating plate medium screw;

[0101] 21—fragment gasket 1;

[0102] 22—fragment gasket 2;

[0103] 23—fragment gasket 3;

[0104] 24—fragment medium screw;

[0105] 25—RF connector;

[0106] 26—feeding network;

[0107] 27—Cover.

[0108] In one implementation, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes a nut, and threads are arranged at the top and the middle of the feeding probe;

[0109] A threaded hole is provided on the direct-feed radiation plate 1, the feeding probe passes through the threaded hole, and the thread in the middle of the feeding probe is fixed to the threaded hole;

[0110] A through hole is provided in the direct-feed radiation plate 2, and the feeding probe passes through the through hole. The thread on the top of the feeding probe is fixed with a nut.

[0111] In this way, the loss caused by contact resistance can be reduced, the difficulty of assembly can be reduced, and the feasibility of the project can be improved.

[0112] Among them, the threads in this application can uniformly adopt M2 specification threads to increase the versatility of the GNSS positioning antenna, or threads of other specifications can also be adopted, without specific limitation.

[0113] For example, M2 threads can be set on the top and middle of the feeding probe, and M2 threaded holes can be drilled at the position of the feeding probe corresponding to the direct feeding radiating plate 1. The middle thread of the feeding probe is fixed to the threaded hole at the corresponding position of the direct feeding radiating plate 1. A through hole is drilled at the position of the feeding probe corresponding to the direct feeding radiating plate 2 and fixed with a nut.

[0114] In one implementation, the radiation sheet dielectric gasket includes radiation sheet dielectric gasket 1, radiation sheet dielectric gasket 2, radiation sheet dielectric gasket 3 and radiation sheet dielectric gasket 4;

[0115] The radiating plate dielectric gasket 1 is located between the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the cavity;

[0116] The radiating plate dielectric gasket 2 is located between the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2;

[0117] The radiation plate dielectric gasket 3 is located between the direct-fed radiation plate 2 and the parasitic plate 1;

[0118] The radiation plate dielectric gasket 4 is located between the parasitic plate 1 and the parasitic plate 2 .

[0119] In one implementation, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes a metal gasket;

[0120] The metal gasket is located between the radiating plates to suppress the high-order modes of the GNSS positioning antenna.

[0121] In one implementation, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes a short-circuit spike;

[0122] The short-circuit nail passes through the radiation sheet and the metal gasket and is fixed to the cavity by threads;

[0123] The metal gaskets are respectively located between the radiation plates.

[0124] Among them, the diameter of the short-circuit nail has no effect on the GNSS positioning antenna and only needs to meet the engineering design requirements.

[0125] In one implementation, the metal gasket includes an upper metal gasket, a middle metal gasket and a lower metal gasket;

[0126] The lower metal gasket is located between the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2;

[0127] The middle metal gasket is located between the direct-fed radiation plate 2 and the parasitic plate 1;

[0128] The lower metal gasket is located between the parasitic sheet 1 and the parasitic sheet 2 .

[0129] Among them, the upper metal gasket, the middle metal gasket and the lower metal gasket are used to suppress the generation of some high-order modes. Since some high-order modes have lobes, which affect the rotational symmetry of the antenna beam, they can be suppressed by adding them. There is no need to optimize their radius, as long as they meet the engineering design requirements.

[0130] In one implementation, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes inclined multi-layer fragments.

[0131] Among them, the fragments are metal structures. By optimizing the height, size and tilt angle of the fragments, the beam width of the GNSS positioning antenna can be widened and the back lobe strength can be reduced, while having no effect on the antenna resonant frequency.

[0132] In one implementation, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes a fragment dielectric screw and a fragment gasket;

[0133] The fragment medium screw passes through the fragment and the fragment gasket and is fixed to the cavity through threads;

[0134] The fragment gaskets are respectively located between the fragment and the cavity, and are used to fix the position and tilt angle of the fragment.

[0135] Among them, the diameters of the fragment medium screws and the fragment medium gaskets have no effect on the GNSS positioning antenna and only need to meet the engineering design requirements.

[0136] In one implementation, the fragments include a lower left fragment, a lower right fragment, an upper left fragment, and an upper right fragment, and the fragment gaskets include a fragment gasket 1, a fragment gasket 2, and a fragment gasket 3;

[0137] Fragment gasket 1 is located between the lower left fragment and the cavity and between the lower right fragment and the cavity;

[0138] The fragment gasket 2 is located between the lower left fragment and the upper left fragment and between the lower right fragment and the upper right fragment;

[0139] The fragment gasket 3 is located above the upper left fragment and the upper right fragment.

[0140] In one implementation, Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, they are top views of the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2. Both the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2 are rectangular structures and have disks along four directions;

[0141] The directly fed radiation plate 1 is provided with threaded holes on the disc for fixing with the feeding probe;

[0142] The direct-feed radiation plate 2 is provided with a through hole on the disk for fixing with the feeding probe.

[0143] Specifically, the rectangular structures of the directly-fed radiating plate 1 and the directly-fed radiating plate 2 are also provided with 5 through holes respectively, among which the through hole located in the center is used for the short-circuit nail to pass through, and the 4 through holes located around are used for the radiating plate dielectric screws to pass through, thereby connecting the directly-fed radiating plate 1, the directly-fed radiating plate 2, the parasitic plate 1, the parasitic plate 2, the radiating plate dielectric gasket, the metal gasket and the cavity into a whole.

[0144] In this way, through the special-shaped structural design, the distance between the feeding points of the feeding probe can be increased. While reducing the size of the radiation piece, the port isolation can still be improved, so that the main radiation area is reduced, thereby increasing the 1dBiC beam width.

[0145] In one implementation, Figure 7 As shown, the bottom of the direct-fed radiation plate 1 has a square frame structure.

[0146] It can be understood that directly processing threaded holes on the feed radiator 1 in engineering applications can easily cause deviations, resulting in stress between the feed probe and the feed network. Therefore, in the present application, a square frame is added to the bottom of the direct feed radiator 1 to suppress the deformation caused during its processing, which can reduce stress and facilitate the assembly of the feed probe and the feed network. The size of the square frame has no effect on the antenna performance and only needs to meet the rationality of the engineering design.

[0147] In one implementation, Fig. 9 As shown, it is a half-section diagram of the structure of the feeding probe. The contact positions of the feeding probe and the direct-feeding radiating plate 1 and the direct-feeding radiating plate 2 respectively have a truncated cone structure for increasing the contact area.

[0148] It can be understood that the contact area is inversely proportional to the contact resistance. Therefore, the contact area between the feeding probe and the direct-fed radiating plate 1, as well as the contact area between the feeding probe and the direct-fed radiating plate 2 can be increased through the truncated cone structure, thereby reducing the contact resistance between the feeding probe and the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the direct-fed radiating plate 2.

[0149] In one implementation, the size of the radiation sheet and the height of the radiation sheet dielectric pad are adjustable, so as to adjust the resonant frequency of the GNSS positioning antenna.

[0150] That is to say, in the present application, the height of the radiating plate dielectric gasket and the size of the radiating plate can be fine-tuned to make the GNSS positioning antenna resonate within the required frequency band to meet the needs in different scenarios.

[0151] It can be understood that the structures that affect the antenna resonant frequency mainly include the radiator, cavity, metal gasket and radiator dielectric gasket; the structures that affect the antenna 1dBiC beam width and axial ratio mainly include the radiator, cavity and fragments; the structures that affect the antenna tail lobe mainly include the cavity and fragments. Therefore, structures such as the cavity will affect two or more antennas. The approximate dimensions of each structure can be determined by optimizing the antenna resonant frequency, and then the dimensions of the special-shaped structures of the cavity and the radiator can be determined by optimizing the 1dBiC beam width. The resulting frequency offset is optimized to ultimately determine the dimensions of the remaining structures.

[0152] The antenna resonant frequency is affected by the size and height of the direct-fed radiator and the parasitic plate. Other parameters, such as the thickness of the direct-fed radiator and the parasitic plate, have no effect on the antenna performance and only need to meet the engineering design requirements. The size and height of the direct-fed radiator and the size and height of the parasitic plate are limited by the resonant frequency.

[0153] Therefore, the directly-fed radiating plate 1, the directly-fed radiating plate 2, the parasitic plate 1, the parasitic plate 2, the upper metal gasket, the middle metal gasket, the lower metal gasket, the radiating plate dielectric gasket 1, the radiating plate dielectric gasket 2, the radiating plate dielectric gasket 3 and the radiating plate dielectric gasket 4 can be electromagnetically optimized by HFSS to the resonant frequency band required by the antenna, that is, within 1.1GHz to 1.7GHz. The sizes of the directly-fed radiating plate and the parasitic plate, and the heights of the metal gasket and the radiating plate dielectric gasket can be roughly determined first.

[0154] When optimizing the antenna resonant frequency, in addition to affecting the antenna resonant frequency, the sizes of the direct-fed radiator 1 and the direct-fed radiator 2 have a great influence on the antenna 1dBiC beam width and the port isolation not connected to the feeding network. The position of the disk is obtained through the optimal isolation value, and the size of the rectangular structure of the radiator needs to be obtained by compromising the antenna 1dBiC beam width and resonant frequency.

[0155] In one implementation, Fig.10 , which is a side view of the cavity, wherein the cavity has a protruding folded conductive wall, and the folded conductive wall adopts a multi-layer slit structure.

[0156] Among them, the size of the multi-layer slotted structure can be determined by HFSS electromagnetic simulation software according to the optimal value of the antenna 1dBiC beam width.

[0157] In one implementation, Fig.11 FIG. 4 is a top view of the cavity, wherein the folded conductive wall includes a wall inclined at 45°.

[0158] In this way, by setting a 45° inclined wall, the boundary conditions in the 45° direction can be changed, thereby improving the 45° axial ratio of the azimuth plane and the 45° 1dBiC beamwidth of the azimuth plane, and the size can be determined by the optimal values ​​of the 45° axial ratio of the azimuth plane and the 45° 1dBiC beamwidth of the azimuth plane.

[0159] It should be noted that the size of the multi-layer slit structure of the cavity mainly affects the radiation characteristics of the antenna. After the size of the multi-layer slit structure is changed, the change in the antenna resonant frequency is only caused by impedance mismatch. The GNSS positioning antenna can be re-adjusted to the required frequency band by fine-tuning the direct-fed radiating plate 1, direct-fed radiating plate 2, parasitic plate 1, parasitic plate 2, upper metal gasket, middle metal gasket, lower metal gasket, diameter of the feeding probe, radiating plate dielectric gasket 1, radiating plate dielectric gasket 2, radiating plate dielectric gasket 3 and radiating plate dielectric gasket 4, thereby finally determining all the dimensions of the antenna structure.

[0160] The inclined multi-layer fragment structure can widen the beam width of the GNSS positioning antenna and reduce the strength of the back lobe without affecting the antenna resonant frequency. Therefore, after the dimensions of the remaining structures are determined, the inclination angles and dimensions of the lower left fragment, lower right fragment, upper left fragment and upper right fragment can be determined based on the maximum value of the antenna 1dBiC beam width and the minimum value of the back lobe strength obtained by HFSS simulation.

[0161] In one implementation, the impedance, line width and line length of the feed network are determined by the following method:

[0162] Obtain the center frequency of the feeding network, the thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric plate of the feeding network;

[0163] The input port and output port impedance of the feeding network are matched to the preset values, and the initial values ​​of the impedance, line width and line length are preset. The line width and line length of each microstrip line are obtained according to the center frequency, the thickness of the feeding network dielectric board, the dielectric constant of the feeding network dielectric board, the input impedance, the output impedance and the feeding point position.

[0164] In one implementation, the output end of the feeding network is welded to the bottom of the feeding probe, and the input end of the feeding network is connected to the radio frequency connector.

[0165] The RF connector is a SubMiniature version A (SMA) connector.

[0166] The SMA connector can convert an SMA connector to another type of connector, such as the camera output wire and camera connector (Bayonet Nut Connector, BNC), N-type connector, TNC connector, etc., so that interface adaptation and connection can be performed between different RF devices.

[0167] For example, Fig.12 The figure shows the schematic diagram of the feeding network.

[0168] It can be understood that the diameter of the feeding probe has only a small effect on the antenna resonant frequency and has no effect on the radiation characteristics. The surface of the feeding probe is gold-plated to facilitate welding. The bottom of the feeding probe is welded to the output end of the feeding network, the middle thread is fixed to the direct-fed radiating plate 1, and the top thread is fixed to the direct-fed radiating plate 2 using a nut, thereby realizing electrical connection between the feeding probe and the direct-fed radiating plate 1 and the directly-fed radiating plate 2 (3).

[0169] In one implementation, the GNSS positioning antenna further includes a cover plate fixed to the cavity by screws.

[0170] In one implementation, mounting feet are provided around the cavity for mounting a GNSS positioning antenna.

[0171] Among them, the mounting feet do not affect the performance of the antenna and can be changed according to the application of the antenna.

[0172] In addition, the lower part of the cavity is used to place the feeding network, and the space below the cavity is designed according to the size of the feeding network and does not affect the antenna radiation characteristics.

[0173] In one implementation, the cavity and the radiation sheet are made of aluminum alloy 2A12, the radiation sheet dielectric gasket and the radiation sheet dielectric screw are made of polyimide YS20, and the feeding probe is made of 304 stainless steel with a gold-plated surface.

[0174] In addition, the material of the metal gasket and the short-circuit nail can be 304 stainless steel, the material of the fragment can be aluminum alloy 2A12, and the fragment medium gasket and the fragment medium screw can be polyimide YS20.

[0175] So, if Fig.13 The figure shows the impedance diagram of the feeding network. The input signal of port 1 is divided into four paths through the Wilkins power divider. The resistor R is the absorption resistor, which increases the isolation of the port and reduces the cross polarization of the antenna. The two signals output by the Wilkins power divider produce a phase difference of 180° through the 180° phase shifter. The two signals are then divided into four signals of 180° and 360° through the Wilkins power divider. After passing through the 90° phase shifter, four signals with phase differences of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° can be generated.

[0176] Among them, the impedance of each microstrip line of the feeding network is as follows:

[0177] The center frequency of the feed network is set at 1.4GHz, the sweep frequency range is 1.1GHz to 1.7GHz, and the thickness of the feed network dielectric board is designed to be 0.762mm. Rogers board RO4350B can be used, and its dielectric constant is 3.66. The impedance of the input port and the output port are matched to 50Ω. After analysis and calculation by the microstrip line calculator and full-wave analysis software, the impedance value, line width and line length are obtained.

[0178] The impedance values, line width and line length of the feeding network are:

[0179] λg=126.74mm

[0180] Z1 = 70.71Ω, microstrip line width 0.86mm;

[0181] Z2 = 63Ω, microstrip line width 1.08mm;

[0182] Z3 = 81Ω, microstrip line width 0.63mm;

[0183] Z0=Z4=50Ω, microstrip line width is 1.63mm.

[0184] The above values ​​are set as initial values. After optimization by HFSS electromagnetic simulation software, the line width and line length of each microstrip line are obtained according to the index requirements and the feeding point position.

[0185] It should be noted that in this application, the antenna performance mainly considers the antenna resonant frequency and the antenna 1dBiC beam width, the port isolation without access to the feed network, the axial ratio and the back lobe strength.

[0186] As can be seen from the above, in the solution provided in the present application, the GNSS positioning antenna adopts different radiators and structural designs. The four-layer radiator adopts direct feeding and coupled feeding respectively. The radiator dielectric gasket ensures the parallelism of the radiator and the upper surface of the cavity without affecting the performance of the GNSS positioning antenna. Furthermore, by optimizing the size and height of the radiator, the GNSS positioning antenna can be compatible with more navigation frequency bands and wider beams.

[0187] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, article or device including the elements.

[0188] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0189] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An extremely wide beam broadband low backlobe GNSS positioning antenna, characterized in that: The GNSS positioning antenna comprises a radiating plate, a feeding probe, a cavity, a feeding network, a plurality of radiating plate dielectric gaskets and radiating plate dielectric screws, wherein: The radiation plate comprises a first directly-fed radiation plate, a second directly-fed radiation plate, a first parasitic plate and a second parasitic plate, wherein the first directly-fed radiation plate is located on a side close to the cavity, the second directly-fed radiation plate is located above the first directly-fed radiation plate, the first parasitic plate is located above the second directly-fed radiation plate, and the second parasitic plate is located above the first parasitic plate; The feeding probe is fixed to the first direct-fed radiating plate and the second direct-fed radiating plate; The GNSS positioning antenna further includes a nut, and threads are arranged at the top and the middle of the feeding probe; the first direct feeding radiating plate is provided with a threaded hole, the feeding probe passes through the threaded hole, and the thread in the middle of the feeding probe is fixed to the threaded hole; the second direct feeding radiating plate is provided with a through hole, the feeding probe passes through the through hole, and the thread at the top of the feeding probe is fixed to the nut; The radiating plate dielectric gasket includes a first radiating plate dielectric gasket, a second radiating plate dielectric gasket, a third radiating plate dielectric gasket and a fourth radiating plate dielectric gasket; the first radiating plate dielectric gasket is located between the first directly fed radiating plate and the cavity; the second radiating plate dielectric gasket is located between the first directly fed radiating plate and the second directly fed radiating plate; the third radiating plate dielectric gasket is located between the second directly fed radiating plate and the first parasitic plate; the fourth radiating plate dielectric gasket is located between the first parasitic plate and the second parasitic plate; The radiating plate dielectric screw passes through the radiating plate and the radiating plate dielectric gasket and is fixed in the cavity by threads; A plurality of the radiation sheet dielectric gaskets are respectively located between the radiation sheet and the cavity, and are used to maintain the height of the radiation sheet and make the radiation sheet parallel to the upper surface of the cavity; The feeding network is arranged at the lower part of the cavity, and is electrically connected to the first directly fed radiating plate and the second directly fed radiating plate through the feeding probe, and is used to directly feed the first directly fed radiating plate and the second directly fed radiating plate, and to couple feed the first parasitic plate and the second parasitic plate, so that the GNSS positioning antenna radiates right-hand circularly polarized waves.

2. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The GNSS positioning antenna also includes a metal gasket; The metal gasket is located between the radiation plates and is used to suppress the high-order modes of the GNSS positioning antenna.

3. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The GNSS positioning antenna also includes a short-circuit nail; The short-circuit nail passes through the radiation sheet and the metal gasket and is fixed to the cavity through threads; The plurality of metal gaskets are respectively located between the radiation plates.

4. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The metal gasket includes an upper metal gasket, a middle metal gasket and a lower metal gasket; The lower metal pad is located between the first directly-fed radiating plate and the second directly-fed radiating plate; The intermediate metal gasket is located between the second directly-fed radiation plate and the first parasitic plate; The lower metal pad is located between the first parasitic plate and the second parasitic plate.

5. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The GNSS positioning antenna also includes inclined multi-layer fragments for widening the beam width of the GNSS positioning antenna and reducing the back lobe intensity.

6. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The GNSS positioning antenna also includes a fragment medium screw and a fragment gasket; The fragment medium screw passes through the fragment and the fragment gasket and is fixed to the cavity through threads; The fragment gaskets are respectively located between the fragment and the cavity, and are used to fix the position and tilt angle of the fragment.

7. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fragments include a lower left fragment, a lower right fragment, an upper left fragment and an upper right fragment, and the fragment gaskets include a first fragment gasket, a second fragment gasket and a third fragment gasket; The first fragment gasket is located between the lower left fragment and the cavity and between the lower right fragment and the cavity; The second fragment gasket is located between the lower left fragment and the upper left fragment and between the lower right fragment and the upper right fragment; The third fragment gasket is located above the upper left fragment and the upper right fragment.

8. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first direct-fed radiating plate and the second direct-fed radiating plate are both rectangular structures and have disks along four directions; The first directly fed radiation plate is provided with a threaded hole on the disk for fixing with the feeding probe; The second direct-feed radiation plate is provided with a through hole on the disk for fixing with the feeding probe.

9. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom of the first direct-fed radiation plate has a square frame structure.

10. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact positions of the feeding probe and the first direct-feeding radiation plate and the second direct-feeding radiation plate respectively have a truncated cone structure for increasing the contact area.

11. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the radiation plate and the height of the radiation plate dielectric gasket are adjustable, and are used to adjust the resonant frequency of the GNSS positioning antenna.

12. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity has a protruding folded conductive wall, and the folded conductive wall adopts a multi-layer slit structure.

13. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that: The folded conductive wall includes a wall body inclined at 45 degrees.

14. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the feeding network is welded to the bottom of the feeding probe, and the input end of the feeding network is connected to the radio frequency connector.

15. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The GNSS positioning antenna also includes a cover plate fixed to the cavity by screws.

16. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 15, characterized in that: Mounting feet are arranged around the cavity for mounting the GNSS positioning antenna.

17. The GNSS positioning antenna according to claim 15, characterized in that: The cavity and the radiation sheet are made of aluminum alloy 2A12, the radiation sheet dielectric gasket and the radiation sheet dielectric screw are made of polyimide YS20, and the feeding probe is made of 304 stainless steel with gold plating on the surface.

Images