Ecological water conservancy comprehensive treatment method for blood prevention area of lakeside city water front space

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of lakefront city water front space blood prevention area ecological water conservancy comprehensive management method, comprising the following steps: using water-land ecosystem restoration technology to reconstruct and build composite artificial wetland to lakefront riparian zone;According to the present situation of lakefront riparian zone, the ecological water conservancy comprehensive management is carried out to lakefront riparian zone, and rain and sewage separation purification technology is used to the bank slope of lakefront riparian zone;Water conservancy blood prevention measures are used to regulate lakefront riparian zone;The pollution of lakefront riparian zone bottom mud is controlled;Selective inactivation blue-green algae technology and aquatic plants are used to purify and restore water body;The concept of ecology is introduced into river bank protection in the application, and the soil and slope protection and erosion control effect of vegetation are fully utilized, and living space is provided for animals and microorganisms, and river bank leisure landscape space is provided for human beings;Different revetments and slopes are set to ensure the drainage smoothness of ecological retaining wall revetment, and the water body is continuously circulated and exchanged, so that the water body achieves self-purification effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological water conservancy management technology, specifically a comprehensive ecological water conservancy management method for schistosomiasis prevention zones in lakeside urban waterfront spaces. Background Technology

[0002] Research on ecological water conservancy began in the 1970s, combining specific engineering projects to analyze the coupling of hydrological conditions and ecological processes, the improvement of the water environment through river management, and the impact of water conservancy projects on aquatic organisms, thus proposing the connotation of ecological water conservancy. In particular, with the development of modern ecology, people have further realized that water conservancy projects must conform to ecological principles, that is, rivers and lakes should not be isolated from the natural ecosystem during construction.

[0003] Many scholars have conducted systematic and in-depth research, proposing ecohydrology, ecohydrology, and the ecological and environmental effects of water conservancy projects as the theoretical foundation of ecological water conservancy, as well as practical applications in four aspects: aquatic ecosystem restoration, ecological water demand, ecological scheduling, and water system connectivity. Existing research mainly focuses on the relationship between rivers and lakes under flood control safety, soil and water conservation under agricultural needs, and ecological effects under engineering stress. However, the theoretical foundation for the ecological and environmental effects of water conservancy projects is relatively weak, and the understanding of the response relationship between hydrological conditions and ecological processes is insufficient. Further research is urgently needed to study the mechanisms of action of characteristic factors and to enrich and develop the theoretical system of ecological water conservancy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a comprehensive ecological water conservancy management method for schistosomiasis prevention zones in lakeside urban waterfront areas. Its purpose is to construct an eco-friendly water conservancy engineering technology system to protect and restore the health and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for comprehensive ecological water management of schistosomiasis prevention zones in lakeside urban waterfront areas, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Transform the lakeside area using aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem restoration technology to construct a composite artificial wetland for domestic sewage treatment;

[0007] Step S2: Based on the current situation of the lakeside area, carry out comprehensive ecological and water conservancy management of the lakeside area, and adopt rainwater and sewage separation and purification technology for the lakeside slope;

[0008] The specific process of comprehensive ecological and water conservancy management of the lakeside area is as follows: From south to north, the lakeside area will be protected by ecological retaining walls, masonry retaining walls, terraced ecological retaining walls, gabion retaining walls, hollow precast block slope protection, honeycomb geogrid slope protection, ecological concrete slope protection, and self-locking ecological concrete slope protection. A 2.5-meter-wide colored asphalt pavement will be installed at the top of the lakeside slope. Self-locking ecological concrete slope protection will be installed on the upper part of the water-adjacent slope of the lakeside area, and C20 plain concrete gravity retaining walls will be installed on the lower part of the water-adjacent slope. Turf will be added to the hollow precast block slope protection, honeycomb geogrid slope protection, and self-locking ecological concrete slope protection for improvement.

[0009] Step S3: Implement water-based schistosomiasis control measures to remediate the lakeside area;

[0010] Step S4: Control pollution in the lakeside sediment;

[0011] Step S5: Use selective inactivation of cyanobacteria and aquatic plants to purify and restore the water body.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific process of using aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem restoration technology to transform the lakeside area in step S1 is as follows: Based on the three levels of biodiversity, from land to pond and from high to low, five major ecosystems are constructed: woodland, shrubland, grassland, wetland, and lake. When configuring plants, horizontal and vertical stratification is carried out. The vertical stratification includes tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer. The horizontal stratification should be arranged according to the seasonal changes and root characteristics of plants.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific process of constructing a composite artificial wetland for domestic sewage treatment is as follows: the composite artificial wetland mainly includes an equalization tank, a contact oxidation tank, a secondary sedimentation tank, a vertical subsurface flow wetland, and an artificial shallow pond.

[0014] Furthermore, the ecological retaining wall revetment uses low-alkali cement as raw material and adds lignocellulose during the pressing and molding process; a gravel drainage layer is set behind the ecological retaining wall revetment; a natural, gentle slope ecological clean-pollution buffer zone is constructed using inorganic fillers and plants through a stepped ecological revetment; the gabion retaining wall revetment is constructed by stacking gabion cages, which are mechanically woven from low-carbon steel wire or PVC-coated steel wire.

[0015] Furthermore, the process involves adding turf to the hollow precast block slope protection, with pre-set turf specifications and thickness, pre-existing gaps between turf for planting, covering the gaps with loam or fine sand after planting, and then thoroughly watering and flattening the turf. The honeycomb geogrid slope protection is made of high-strength polyethylene sheets. The self-locking ecological concrete slope protection is made of cement and dense aggregate as raw materials, and is manufactured by static or vibration pressure. Several holes are pre-set on the slope of the self-locking ecological concrete slope protection for sowing grass seeds, forming an ecological slope protection.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific process of applying rainwater and sewage separation and purification technology to the lakeside slope is as follows: the drainage system of the lakeside is set up in two sets, one for collecting rainwater and the other for treating sewage. Through the two drainage systems, rainwater and sewage can be separated. Unpolluted rainwater can flow directly into the river and, with the help of natural precipitation, evolve into organic natural landscape water.

[0017] Furthermore, the rainwater and sewage separation and purification technology is implemented using a stepped ecological revetment, which utilizes inorganic fillers and plants to construct a natural, gentle-slope ecological buffer zone for pollution control. The stepped ecological revetment consists of seven steps, each 850mm high and 1000mm wide, extending gradually from the shore to the water. The steps from the shore to the water are filled with crushed stone, gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, and steel slag, respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific process of using water conservancy and schistosomiasis control measures to remediate the lakeside area is as follows:

[0019] Step S3.1: Harden the riverbank protection and river channel to kill snails; When carrying out flood control, river management or irrigation area construction and renovation, use concrete lining for the riverbank protection and river channel to prevent snails from surviving and reproducing.

[0020] Step S3.2: Isolate and kill snails; Construct a protective platform on the outside of the riverbank to cover the slope toe and part of the slope. Combine the construction of the platform with soil extraction to form an isolation ditch 3-5m wide and 2m deep. The ditch is flooded all year round, thereby isolating and killing snails.

[0021] Step S3.3: Raise the riverbanks and lower the elevation of the riverbanks to eliminate snails; lower the elevation of the riverbanks and lower the elevation of the riverbanks to a level above which snails are not distributed, so that snails cannot survive and reproduce.

[0022] Step S3.4: Construct a snail-sedimentation pool at the sluice gate in a susceptible area to kill snails; Construct a snail-sedimentation pool at the sluice gate in a susceptible area to reduce the flow rate of water passing through the snail-sedimentation pool. When snails enter the snail-sedimentation pool with the water flow, they settle at the bottom of the pool to prevent them from spreading to the channel. Snails in the snail-sedimentation pool are killed with chemicals.

[0023] Step S3.5: Water intake from the middle layer; Based on the habit that Oncomelania snails are mainly distributed within 1m above and below the normal water level on the riverbank, water intake should be taken from water layers where Oncomelania snails are present.

[0024] Step S3.6: Drinking water project for humans and livestock; by building water plants, constructing reservoirs, and drilling wells, the problem of safe drinking water for humans and livestock in areas infested with Oncomelania snails is solved, and the chances of coming into contact with Oncomelania snail-infested waters in daily life are reduced.

[0025] Step S3.7: Small watershed management; by combining small pond and weir renovation and slope water system engineering small watershed management measures, improve the living environment in areas with Oncomelania snails.

[0026] Furthermore, the specific process for controlling pollution of the lakeside sediment is as follows: sediment dredging and ecological blanket control technologies are used to control pollution of the lakeside sediment. Sediment dredging is divided into two main categories: dry methods and wet methods. Dry methods have two forms: the first form involves draining the water from the lake area or the water body separated by the dike, then using bulldozers to push the sediment and vehicles to transport it out; the second form involves using high-pressure water jets to mix the sediment with the water and push it into low-lying areas, then using pumps to remove the muddy water. Wet methods are also known as dredging with water or... The specific steps of underwater dredging are as follows: dredging machinery is mounted on a mobile workboat, and polluted sediment is removed from the water body using dredging tools; the ecological blanket technology for controlling endogenous pollution uses a combination of porous materials for physical adsorption and microbial degradation to prevent the release of endogenous pollutants into the overlying water; the ecological blanket is filled with filler material and covers the top of the polluted sediment; the ecological blanket is designed with three layers: the bottom layer is non-woven geotextile that is in direct contact with the sediment; the middle layer is filled with various porous materials, and the top layer is non-woven geotextile or dense nylon mesh used to fix the filler material.

[0027] Furthermore, the selective cyanobacteria inactivation technology involves: treating red soil, polyepichlorohydrin dimethylamine, and polyferric sulfate in a specific ratio to obtain polyferric sulfate modified soil; then spreading the polyferric sulfate modified soil onto the water surface to remove and purify cyanobacteria and pollutants in the water; the specific process of aquatic plants purifying the water involves: selecting aquatic plants according to selection principles; setting the plant height of aquatic plants within a preset distance; planting aquatic plants whole, with a preset planting area; and, based on site surveys and the growth characteristics of aquatic plants, setting the planting area within a preset water depth, controlling the planting depth during planting.

[0028] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0029] (1) This invention introduces the concept of ecology into riverbank protection, giving full play to the soil stabilization and slope protection and erosion prevention effects of vegetation, while providing living space for animals, plants and microorganisms, and providing riverbank leisure landscape space for humans; through the setting of ecological retaining wall revetment, masonry retaining wall revetment, stepped ecological revetment, gabion mesh retaining wall revetment, hollow precast block revetment, honeycomb geogrid revetment, ecological concrete revetment and self-locking ecological concrete revetment, the drainage of ecological retaining wall revetment can be guaranteed, so that water can freely exchange with soil through ecological retaining wall revetment, and through the continuous circulation and exchange of water, the water body can achieve the effect of self-purification;

[0030] (2) This invention utilizes inorganic fillers and plants to construct a natural, gentle slope ecological buffer zone for pollution control through stepped ecological revetment, which can intercept and purify the discharged sewage, thereby achieving the effects of rainwater and sewage separation and water quality purification. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a step diagram of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological water conservancy comprehensive management of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating sediment pollution control according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for comprehensive ecological water conservancy management of schistosomiasis prevention zones in lakeside urban waterfront spaces, comprising the following steps:

[0035] Step S1: Transform the lakeside area using aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem restoration technology to construct a composite artificial wetland for domestic sewage treatment;

[0036] Step S2: Based on the current situation of the lakeside area, carry out comprehensive ecological and water conservancy management of the lakeside area, and adopt rainwater and sewage separation and purification technology for the lakeside slope;

[0037] Step S3: Implement water-based schistosomiasis control measures to remediate the lakeside area;

[0038] Step S4: Control pollution in the lakeside sediment;

[0039] Step S5: Use selective inactivation of cyanobacteria and aquatic plants to purify and restore the water body.

[0040] The specific process of using aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem restoration technology to transform the lakeside area in step S1 is as follows: Based on the three levels of biodiversity: genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity (landscape diversity), five major ecosystems, namely woodland, shrubland, grassland, wetland, and lake, are constructed from land to pond and from high to low.

[0041] The design prioritizes native plants, emphasizing water conservancy, schistosomiasis control, water pollution prevention, and adaptive ecological dikes. Aesthetic harmony is paramount. Plant arrangement should incorporate both horizontal and vertical stratification. Vertical stratification includes tree, shrub, and herbaceous layers; horizontal stratification should be based on seasonal changes and root characteristics to fully utilize the bank protection function of plant roots. Water bodies with high landscape connectivity are beneficial for their ecological functions, facilitating animal migration and material transport. Maintaining connections between various landscape elements is crucial, with particular attention to constructing corridors between different habitats in areas impacting biological communities.

[0042] The following types of plants can be selected:

[0043] Wetland plants: reeds, calamus, rush, water onion, canna, cattail, and tamarisk;

[0044] Shrub: Red Photinia;

[0045] Tree: Weeping willow.

[0046] The specific process of constructing a composite artificial wetland for domestic sewage treatment is as follows: the composite artificial wetland mainly includes an equalization tank, a contact oxidation tank, a secondary sedimentation tank, a vertical subsurface flow wetland, and an artificial shallow pond.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the specific process of comprehensive ecological and water conservancy management of the lakeside area is as follows: From south to north, the lakeside area is protected by ecological retaining walls, masonry retaining walls, terraced ecological retaining walls, gabion retaining walls, hollow precast block slope protection, honeycomb geogrid slope protection, ecological concrete slope protection, and self-locking ecological concrete slope protection. A 2.5-meter-wide colored asphalt pavement is installed at the top of the lakeside slope. Self-locking ecological concrete slope protection is installed on the upper part of the water-adjacent slope of the lakeside area, and C20 plain concrete gravity retaining walls are installed on the lower part of the water-adjacent slope. Turf is added to the hollow precast block slope protection, honeycomb geogrid slope protection, and self-locking ecological concrete slope protection for improvement.

[0048] Among them, ecological retaining walls and revetments not only play an ecological and environmental protection role, but also have a landscape function and can prevent soil erosion. In terms of raw material selection, low-alkali cement is used for ecological retaining walls and revetments, and wood acetate fiber is added during the pressing and molding process. Wood acetate fiber can neutralize the alkalinity of low-alkali cement, making the surrounding environment of the ecological retaining wall and revetment more neutral, which is conducive to the survival of aquatic plants and animals. Ecological retaining walls and revetments do not require mortar construction and are directly dry-laid. A gravel drainage layer is set behind the ecological retaining wall and revetment to ensure smooth drainage, allowing water to freely exchange with the soil through the ecological retaining wall and revetment. Through continuous water circulation and exchange, the water body achieves a self-purification effect.

[0049] Among them, the stepped ecological revetment uses inorganic fillers and plants to construct a natural, gentle slope ecological buffer zone for pollution control, which can intercept and purify the discharged sewage to achieve the purpose of separating rainwater and sewage and purifying water quality, while creating a landscape effect.

[0050] Gabion retaining walls are constructed from stacked wire mesh cages, which are mechanically woven from high-corrosion-resistant, high-strength, and ductile low-carbon steel wire or PVC-coated steel wire. Using gabion retaining walls is economical, requiring only the filling of the cages with stones and sealing them. Construction is simple and requires no special skills. Gabion retaining walls possess strong resistance to natural damage, corrosion, and harsh weather conditions. They can withstand extensive deformation without collapsing. The silt between the stones inside the gabion cages is conducive to plant growth, allowing gabion retaining walls and revetments to blend seamlessly with the surrounding natural environment. Gabion retaining walls and revetments have excellent permeability, preventing damage caused by hydrostatic pressure. The gabion cages can be folded for transport and assembled on-site, saving on transportation costs. Gabion retaining walls and revetments can be used to control and guide rivers and floods, construct spillway dams and diversion dams, prevent rockfalls and soil erosion, and can be used for bridge protection, soil stabilization structures, coastal defense projects, port engineering, retaining walls, and road protection.

[0051] Among them, turf is added to the hollow precast block slope protection. The turf size is set at 45 cm × 45 cm, the thickness of the turf is set at 3-5 cm, and a 1-2 cm gap is left between the turf before laying. After laying, the gaps are covered with 1 cm of loam or fine sand. After completion, the turf is thoroughly watered and then flattened. Adding turf to the hollow precast block slope protection can be used for bank slope protection. It has good drainage and permeability performance, as well as wave dissipation, erosion resistance, soil and water conservation capacity, and beautification of landscape and improvement of environment.

[0052] Among them, honeycomb geogrid slope protection is made of high-strength polyethylene sheets. High-strength polyethylene sheets are ultrasonically welded and unfolded into a honeycomb-shaped three-dimensional mesh synthetic material, belonging to special geosynthetic materials. High-strength polyethylene sheets can be used in rock engineering with soil, sand and gravel to form cushion layers with different apparent cohesion, different reinforcement strengths and different depths. The combination of honeycomb geogrid slope protection and turf has two effects. On the one hand, under the combined action of the friction between the sidewall of the honeycomb geogrid slope protection and the soil and the lateral restraint force of the honeycomb geogrid slope protection on the soil, the honeycomb geogrid slope protection changes the flow direction of the slope water, prolongs the flow path of the water, and causes some of the kinetic energy of the water to be consumed in the cells. The flow rate and velocity can be reduced, which plays a good role in energy dissipation and reduces the erosion of the slope by the water flow. On the other hand, it can also beautify the environment and help restore the ecological environment of the slope. Honeycomb geogrid slope protection materials possess high strength and other mechanical properties, along with excellent corrosion resistance, anti-aging properties, and outstanding durability and erosion resistance. Honeycomb geogrid slope protection can also withstand the effects of temperature fluctuations. Due to its structural characteristics, honeycomb geogrid slope protection can slow down flow velocity, reduce water flow energy, and disperse water flow, thereby reducing the erosive effect of water flow on the slope soil. The honeycomb geocells have excellent adhesion to the soil. For the backfill soil in honeycomb geogrid slope protection, soils suitable for the growth of landscaping plants can be selected, which can effectively improve the vegetation cover of the slope surface, not only enhancing the soil surface's erosion resistance but also beautifying the environment and ensuring the sustainability of honeycomb geogrid slope protection. Honeycomb geogrid slope protection offers good protection, quick results, and low investment. Its cost is much lower than that of common concrete cell slope protection, and only appropriate seasonal maintenance is required in the later stages.

[0053] Self-locking ecological concrete slope protection uses cement and dense aggregate as the main raw materials, and is made through static or vibratory pressing molding processes. Several holes are pre-set on the slope for sowing grass seeds, forming an ecological slope protection. The interlocking slope protection bricks used on the self-locking ecological concrete slope protection are a new type of interlocking precast concrete block paving system that can be manually installed and is suitable for soil water erosion control under medium and small water flow conditions. Due to its unique interlocking design, each brick forms a strong interlock with the surrounding six bricks, giving the paving system good overall stability under water flow. Simultaneously, as vegetation grows in the brick holes and joints, the durability and stability of the paving will be further improved, while also increasing vegetation and beautifying the environment. Interlocking slope protection bricks are widely used in river management projects such as riverbanks, embankments, flood control spillways, and urban river slope renovation projects.

[0054] The specific process of applying rainwater and sewage separation and purification technology to the lakeside slopes is as follows: Two drainage systems are set up along the lakeside: one for collecting rainwater and the other for treating sewage. These two systems achieve rainwater and sewage separation, allowing unpolluted rainwater to flow directly into the river and, with the help of natural precipitation, transform into organic natural landscape water. In the process of separating and treating rainwater and sewage, the utilization rate of rainwater resources and surface water should be improved, and the stability and sustainability of the drainage system should be continuously enhanced.

[0055] The rainwater and sewage separation and purification technology adopts a stepped ecological revetment, using inorganic fillers and plants to construct a natural, gentle-slope ecological buffer zone to intercept and purify sewage discharged into the revetment, achieving the purpose of rainwater and sewage separation and water quality purification, while creating a landscape effect. The stepped ecological revetment consists of seven steps, each 850mm high and 1000mm wide, extending from the shore to the water, forming a terrestrial-marsh-aquatic vegetation terrace. To ensure plant growth and enhance water purification, emergent plants such as loosestrife, canna lily, yellow iris, and cattail, as well as submerged plants such as Vallisneria natans, are selected. At the same time, to ensure the erosion resistance and water purification effect of the stepped ecological revetment, the fillers from the shore to the water are crushed stone, gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, and steel slag.

[0056] The specific process of using water conservancy and schistosomiasis prevention measures to remediate the lakeside area is as follows:

[0057] Step S3.1: Harden the riverbank protection and river channel to kill snails; When carrying out flood control, river management or irrigation area construction and renovation, use concrete lining for the riverbank protection and river channel to prevent snails from surviving and reproducing.

[0058] Step S3.2: Isolate and kill snails; Construct a protective platform on the outside of the riverbank to cover the slope toe and part of the slope. Combine the construction of the platform with soil extraction to form an isolation ditch 3-5m wide and 2m deep. The ditch is flooded all year round, thereby isolating and killing snails.

[0059] Step S3.3: Raise the riverbanks and lower the elevation of the riverbanks to eliminate snails; lower the elevation of the riverbanks and lower the elevation of the riverbanks to a level above which snails are not distributed, so that snails cannot survive and reproduce.

[0060] Step S3.4: Construct a snail-sedimentation pool at the sluice gate in a susceptible area to kill snails; Construct a snail-sedimentation pool at the sluice gate in a susceptible area to reduce the flow rate of water passing through the snail-sedimentation pool. When snails enter the snail-sedimentation pool with the water flow, they settle at the bottom of the pool to prevent them from spreading to the channel. Snails in the snail-sedimentation pool are killed with chemicals.

[0061] Step S3.5: Water intake from the middle layer; Based on the habit that Oncomelania snails are mainly distributed within 1m above and below the normal water level on the riverbank, water intake should be taken from water layers where Oncomelania snails are present.

[0062] Step S3.6: Drinking water project for humans and livestock; by building water plants, constructing reservoirs, and drilling wells, the problem of safe drinking water for humans and livestock in areas infested with Oncomelania snails is solved, and the chances of coming into contact with Oncomelania snail-infested waters in daily life are reduced.

[0063] Step S3.7: Small watershed management; by combining small pond and weir renovation and slope water system engineering small watershed management measures, improve the living environment in areas with Oncomelania snails.

[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, the specific process for controlling pollution of lakeside sediment is as follows: sediment dredging and ecological blanket control technologies are used to control pollution of lakeside sediment. Polluted lake sediment is a potential source of lake pollution; when the lake environment changes, nutrients in the sediment will be released back into the water. Especially for lakes with significant pollution input, the demonstration area has long suffered from high nitrogen and phosphorus levels in its sediments due to duck farm manure discharge. Even after all external pollution sources are cut off, nutrients in the sediment will gradually be released, still contributing to eutrophication in the demonstration area. Generally, nutrients released from sediment first enter the interstitial water of the sediment, gradually diffuse to the sediment surface, and then mix and diffuse towards the upper layer of lake sediments, thus contributing to eutrophication. Phosphorus release from sediments is a significant source of phosphorus concentration in the water; therefore, various methods are used both domestically and internationally for dredging and cleaning of polluted sediment. Seabed sediment dredging aims to remove polluted sediment from water bodies and create conditions for the restoration of aquatic ecosystems. The dredging thickness should be controlled within 1 meter to minimize diffusion and resuspension of particulate matter. Seabed sediment dredging is one of the technical means in the comprehensive management of lake pollution. To achieve good and long-term control of endogenous pollution through sediment dredging, it is necessary to base it on the treatment of exogenous pollution and to coordinate it with subsequent ecological restoration technical measures.

[0065] Seabed dredging is broadly classified into two categories: dry methods and wet methods. Dry methods, also known as drainage methods or empty reservoir methods, involve draining the water from the entire lake area or the water body separated by a dike, then using bulldozers to push the sediment onto the ground and vehicles to transport it out; or using high-pressure water jets to mix the sediment with the water and push it onto low-lying areas, then using pumps to remove the mud and water. The former is also called mechanical dredging, and the latter is hydraulic dredging. The advantages of dry methods are that they transform the concealed underwater construction into a visible onshore construction, avoiding the impact of resuspension on the water body, and allowing for operation in a visible and comprehensive manner on bottoms with large topographical undulations and abundant debris. The disadvantages are that it is almost impossible to effectively remove contaminated sediment according to the defined geometric dimensions of the environmentally friendly dredging design, resulting in a high residual rate and a high probability of over-dredging and under-dredging; residual contaminated sediment is easily mixed with clean sediment, and the pollution control effect is generally not ideal.

[0066] Wet dredging, also known as underwater dredging, requires mounting dredging machinery on a mobile workboat. Using dredging tools such as buckets, suction heads, or cutter heads, polluted bottom sediment is removed from the water. Environmentally friendly dredging methods are basically derived from wet dredging. When there is not much debris at the bottom and the dredging area is not very small, the selection of equipment for environmentally friendly lake dredging is actually based on the lake's water depth, the nature of the bottom sediment, the depth of the dredging, the construction period, and the process and environmental requirements such as low diffusion and low residue, to select the dredging vessel and the excavation method that needs to be used for dredging.

[0067] Ecological blanket pollution control technology combines the physical adsorption of porous materials and microbial degradation to prevent the release of endogenous pollutants into the overlying water, effectively reducing the pollution levels of various pollutants in the sediment while simultaneously constructing a healthy sediment micro-ecosystem. It inhibits the release of nutrients from the sediment, remediates polluted sediment in situ, isolates the sediment from the water body, and prevents the diffusion of pollutants from the sediment into the water. The ecological blanket is filled with a filler material that covers the polluted sediment. The selected filler material itself has the function of adsorbing and trapping pollutants, remediating the sediment and overlying water while compacting the sediment and preventing the resuspension of polluted sediment. Depending on the sediment pollution level and the aquatic environment, agents that promote sediment and water remediation are added to the filler material. This technology has minimal impact on the aquatic ecosystem, allows for targeted selection of technology combinations to remediate polluted sediment, and is an in-situ cover remediation technology unaffected by water traffic.

[0068] The ecological blanket is designed with three layers. The bottom layer is a non-woven geotextile that is in direct contact with the sediment, preventing sediment particles from suspending and spreading. The middle layer is filled with various porous materials such as activated carbon, ceramsite, zeolite, and slag, which mainly adsorb pollutants and allow surface microorganisms to degrade and remove them. The top layer is a non-woven geotextile or dense nylon mesh used to fix the filling materials. It is mainly suitable for heavily polluted waters where the sediment is difficult to dredge.

[0069] The selective cyanobacteria inactivation technology involves: using red soil, polyepichlorohydrin dimethylamine, and polyferric sulfate in a specific ratio to obtain polyferric sulfate modified soil; then spreading the polyferric sulfate modified soil onto the water surface to remove and purify the cyanobacteria and pollutants in the water; the specific process of aquatic plants purifying the water involves: selecting aquatic plants according to selection principles; setting the plant height of aquatic plants within a preset distance; planting aquatic plants whole, with a preset planting area; and setting the planting area of ​​aquatic plants within a preset water depth area based on site survey and the growth characteristics of aquatic plants, controlling the planting depth during planting.

[0070] The selection principle is as follows:

[0071] 1. Strong water purification ability;

[0072] 2. Suitable planting conditions;

[0073] 3. Seedlings are readily available;

[0074] 4. Easy to maintain and manage;

[0075] 5. It has a good landscape effect and is in harmony with the surrounding environment.

[0076] The aquatic plants selected in this embodiment according to the selection principles are: Vallisneria natans, Potamogeton malaianus, Hydrilla verticillata, Nymphoides peltata, Water lily, and Lotus. To ensure the survival rate of the aquatic plants, the plant height is set between 40-80 cm.

[0077] Aquatic plants are planted entirely on a single plant basis, with a planting area of ​​8000m². 2 ;

[0078] Since water depth is one of the most important limiting factors for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants, based on the site survey and the growth characteristics of aquatic plants, the planting area for aquatic plants should be within a water depth of 1.5m, and the water depth should be controlled at 10cm during planting.

[0079] The cultivation of aquatic plants is shown in Table 1:

[0080] Serial Number Plant Name unit quantity <![CDATA[Area m 2 > <![CDATA[Density / m 2 > 1 bitter grass strain 650550 4337 150 2 Potamogeton malaise strain 187200 1248 150 3 Elodea strain 94350 629 150 4 Watercress strain 4285 857 5 5 Water lilies strain 1755 585 3

[0081] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for comprehensive ecological water management of schistosomiasis prevention zones in lakeside urban waterfront areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Transform the lakeside area using aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem restoration technology to construct a composite artificial wetland for domestic sewage treatment; Step S2: Based on the current situation of the lakeside area, carry out comprehensive ecological and water conservancy management of the lakeside area, and adopt rainwater and sewage separation and purification technology for the lakeside slope; The specific process of comprehensive ecological and water conservancy management of the lakeside area is as follows: From south to north, the lakeside area will be protected by ecological retaining walls, masonry retaining walls, terraced ecological retaining walls, gabion retaining walls, hollow precast block slope protection, honeycomb geogrid slope protection, ecological concrete slope protection, and self-locking ecological concrete slope protection. A 2.5-meter-wide colored asphalt pavement will be installed at the top of the lakeside slope. Self-locking ecological concrete slope protection will be installed on the upper part of the water-adjacent slope of the lakeside area, and C20 plain concrete gravity retaining walls will be installed on the lower part of the water-adjacent slope. Turf will be added to the hollow precast block slope protection, honeycomb geogrid slope protection, and self-locking ecological concrete slope protection for improvement. Step S3: Implement water-based schistosomiasis control measures to remediate the lakeside area; Step S4: Control pollution in the lakeside sediment; Step S5: Use selective cyanobacteria inactivation technology and aquatic plants to purify and restore the water body; The specific process of using aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem restoration technology to transform the lakeside area in step S1 is as follows: Based on the three levels of biodiversity, from land to pond and from high to low, five major ecosystems are constructed: woodland, shrubland, grassland, wetland, and lake. When configuring plants, horizontal and vertical stratification is carried out. The vertical stratification includes tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer. The horizontal stratification should be arranged according to the seasonal changes and root characteristics of plants. The specific process of constructing a composite artificial wetland for domestic sewage treatment is as follows: the composite artificial wetland includes an equalization tank, a contact oxidation tank, a secondary sedimentation tank, a vertical subsurface flow wetland, and an artificial shallow pond; The ecological retaining wall revetment uses low-alkali cement as raw material and adds lignocellulose during the pressing and molding process. A gravel drainage layer is set behind the ecological retaining wall revetment. A natural, gentle slope ecological clean and pollution buffer zone is constructed by using inorganic fillers and plants through a stepped ecological revetment. The gabion retaining wall revetment is made of stacked gabion cages, which are mechanically woven from low-carbon steel wire or PVC-coated steel wire. The process involves adding turf to hollow precast block slope protection, with pre-set turf specifications and thickness, pre-existing gaps between turf for planting, and covering the gaps with loam or fine sand after planting. After completion, the turf is thoroughly watered and flattened. Honeycomb geogrid slope protection is made of high-strength polyethylene sheets. Self-locking ecological concrete slope protection is made of cement and dense aggregate as raw materials, and is made by static or vibratory pressing. Several holes are pre-set on the slope of the self-locking ecological concrete slope protection for sowing grass seeds, forming an ecological slope protection.

2. The method for comprehensive ecological water management of schistosomiasis prevention zones in lakeside urban waterfront spaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of applying rainwater and sewage separation and purification technology to the shoreline of the lakeside is as follows: the drainage system of the lakeside is set up in two sets, one for collecting rainwater and the other for treating sewage. Through the two drainage systems, rainwater and sewage can be separated. Unpolluted rainwater can flow directly into the river and, with the help of natural precipitation, evolve into organic natural landscape water.

3. A comprehensive ecological water conservancy management method for schistosomiasis prevention zones in lakeside urban waterfront spaces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rainwater and sewage separation and purification technology is implemented using a stepped ecological revetment, which utilizes inorganic fillers and plants to construct a natural, gentle-slope ecological buffer zone for pollution control. The stepped ecological revetment consists of seven steps, each 850mm high and 1000mm wide, extending gradually from the shore to the water. The steps from the shore to the water are filled with crushed stone, gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, and steel slag, respectively.

4. A method for comprehensive ecological water management of schistosomiasis prevention zones in lakeside urban waterfront spaces according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific process of using water conservancy and schistosomiasis prevention measures to remediate the lakeside area is as follows: Step S3.1: Harden the riverbank protection and river channel to kill snails; When carrying out flood control, river management or irrigation area construction and renovation, use concrete lining for the riverbank protection and river channel to prevent snails from surviving and reproducing. Step S3.2: Isolate and kill snails; Construct a protective platform on the outside of the riverbank to cover the slope toe and part of the slope. Combine the construction of the platform with soil extraction to form an isolation ditch 3-5m wide and 2m deep. The ditch is flooded all year round, thereby isolating and killing snails. Step S3.3: Raise the riverbanks and lower the elevation of the riverbanks to eliminate snails; lower the elevation of the riverbanks and lower the elevation of the riverbanks to a level above which snails are not distributed, so that snails cannot survive and reproduce. Step S3.4: Construct a snail-sedimentation pool at the sluice gate in a susceptible area to kill snails; Construct a snail-sedimentation pool at the sluice gate in a susceptible area to reduce the flow rate of water passing through the snail-sedimentation pool. When snails enter the snail-sedimentation pool with the water flow, they settle at the bottom of the pool to prevent them from spreading to the channel. Snails in the snail-sedimentation pool are killed with chemicals. Step S3.5: Water intake from the middle layer; Based on the habit that Oncomelania snails are mainly distributed within 1m above and below the normal water level on the riverbank, water intake should be taken from water layers where Oncomelania snails are present. Step S3.6: Drinking water project for humans and livestock; by building water plants, constructing reservoirs, and drilling wells, the problem of safe drinking water for humans and livestock in areas infested with Oncomelania snails is solved, and the chances of coming into contact with Oncomelania snail-infested waters in daily life are reduced. Step S3.7: Small watershed management; By combining the renovation of small ponds and weirs with small watershed management measures such as slope water system engineering, the living environment in areas inhabited by Oncomelania snails can be improved.

5. A method for comprehensive ecological water management of schistosomiasis prevention zones in lakeside urban waterfront spaces according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific process for controlling sediment pollution in the lakeside area is as follows: sediment dredging and ecological blanket control technologies are used to control sediment pollution in the lakeside area. Sediment dredging is divided into two main categories: dry methods and wet methods. Dry methods have two forms: the first form involves draining the water from the lake area or the water body separated by the dike, using bulldozers to push the sediment, and then loading and transporting it out by vehicles; the second form involves using high-pressure water jets to mix the sediment with the water and push it into low-lying areas, and then using a pump to remove the muddy water. Wet methods are also known as underwater dredging or dredging with water. The specific steps of dredging are as follows: dredging machinery is installed on a mobile workboat, and polluted sediment is removed from the water body using dredging tools; the ecological blanket control technology for endogenous pollution uses a combination of porous materials for physical adsorption and microbial degradation to prevent the release of endogenous pollutants into the overlying water; the ecological blanket is filled with filler material and covers the upper part of the polluted sediment; the ecological blanket is designed with three layers: the bottom layer is non-woven geotextile that is in direct contact with the sediment; the middle layer is filled with various porous materials, and the upper layer is non-woven geotextile or dense nylon mesh, used to fix the filler material.

6. A method for comprehensive ecological water management of schistosomiasis prevention zones in lakeside urban waterfront spaces according to claim 5, characterized in that: The selective cyanobacteria inactivation technology involves: treating red soil, polyepichlorohydrin dimethylamine, and polyferric sulfate in a specific ratio to obtain polyferric sulfate modified soil; then spreading the polyferric sulfate modified soil onto the water surface to remove and purify cyanobacteria and pollutants in the water; the specific process of aquatic plant purification of the water involves: selecting aquatic plants according to selection principles; setting the plant height of aquatic plants within a preset distance; planting aquatic plants whole, with a preset planting area; and, based on site surveys and the growth characteristics of aquatic plants, setting the planting area within a preset water depth, controlling the planting depth during planting.

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