Splash lubrication system oil radial directional delivery method and test bench

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for testing radial directional oil delivery in a splash lubrication system and a test bench, comprising a motor, a torque sensor, a test box, a differential housing, a shield and a fixing bracket thereof. The shield wraps the differential housing at an angle of 210°, and a series of microstructures are distributed inside. When the oil flows through the microstructures, a local high-pressure area is formed inside the shield, and the oil is pushed into the inside of the differential housing from the through hole on the differential housing to achieve radial directional oil delivery. The shield is fixed to the shield bracket by two screws, and the structure is simple and easy to disassemble, which is conducive to the rapid detection of the radial oil delivery capacity under the shields with different design parameters. The oil guide pipe realizes the extraction of the oil inside the differential housing, and the problem of the difficulty in measuring the oil flow inside the differential is solved by converting the oil flow on the inner surface of the oil inlet into the amount of oil collected through the oil collecting port. The present invention has a simple structure and can realize the rapid replacement of the shield structure to complete the test of the radial directional oil delivery performance under different design parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical design and experimental method, and in particular to a radial directional oil delivery method for a splash lubrication system and a test bench. Background Art

[0002] The differential is a key component of the automobile transmission system, and is essential to reducing tire wear, improving driving comfort and vehicle handling. When the differential is working, the shield set on the outside of the differential has great potential in reducing the oil churning loss of the differential and optimizing the lubrication performance of the bevel gear inside the differential. At present, there are few devices specifically used to test the oil churning loss and lubrication performance of the differential with a shield. The shield does not really play the role of directional oil delivery, and it is difficult to quickly replace the shield to complete the differential lubrication performance test under different parameter designs. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and to provide a radial directional oil delivery method and a testing device for a differential splash lubrication system.

[0004] The radial directional oil delivery method proposed in the present invention provides a shield on the outside of the differential housing, and the oil flows with the drag of the rotating differential housing, forming a low-pressure area between the shield and the differential housing. At the same time, a raised microstructure is provided on the inside of the shield to adjust the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel. When the oil flows through the microstructure, a local high-pressure area is formed on the inside of the shield, and the oil is pushed into the inside of the differential housing through the through hole on the differential housing, thereby realizing radial directional oil delivery.

[0005] Based on the above-mentioned radial directional oil delivery method, a radial directional oil delivery test device for a differential splash lubrication system is developed, which includes a main motor as a power input source to drive the rotational movement of the differential housing body, and an auxiliary motor to adjust the speed difference between the first half-shaft gear and the second half-shaft gear inside the differential. The main motor inputs power to the main shaft through the first reducer, the torque sensor, the P-type bearing seat, and the first coupling, the second coupling, and the third coupling therebetween. The auxiliary motor is connected to the half shaft through the second reducer, the commutator, and the fourth coupling, the fifth coupling, and the sixth coupling therebetween. The lower box, the commutator, and the second reducer are all fixed on the bottom plate, and the bottom plate is fixed on the experimental table. The fixed position can be fine-tuned in the direction of the main shaft. The upper box and the lower box form a test box as a container for the oil, and the two are connected by 8 fixing buckles, an oil inlet is opened on it and sealed with a plug, and an axial hole is opened on the side and a circular bearing seat is fixed;

[0006] The test box is provided with an input bevel gear, a bearing seat, a base, a shield, a shield bracket and a U-shaped bracket inside. The input bevel gear is connected to the main shaft as a power input. The base is used to fix the bearing seat on the lower box. The shield bracket is fixed to one side of the bearing seat, and a U-shaped bracket is connected thereto. The shield is fixed to the U-shaped bracket by screws.

[0007] The differential housing is composed of a differential front end, a differential middle end and a differential rear end. The bevel gear is fixed to the differential rear end and meshes with the input bevel gear. The differential middle end is provided with 4 oil inlets and 4 cross shaft holes.

[0008] The differential includes a first half-shaft gear, a second half-shaft gear, a first planetary gear, a second planetary gear, a third planetary gear, and a fourth planetary gear. The first half-shaft gear is connected to the half-shaft, and the second half-shaft gear cooperates with the shaft hole at the rear end of the differential. A sealing sleeve is provided inside. One end of the oil guide pipe cooperates with the shaft hole of the sealing sleeve, and the other end is connected to the oil collecting port. The half-shaft gears and the planetary gears are meshed with each other. The cross shaft is composed of a single shaft with a hole, a single shaft and a sleeve. The four planetary gears cooperate with the four shaft sections of the cross shaft, and the cross shaft is fixed to the four cross shaft holes on the middle end of the differential.

[0009] The motor and the auxiliary motor are servo motors.

[0010] A series of microstructures are arranged inside the shield. When the oil flows dragged by the rotating differential housing, a low-pressure area is formed between the shield and the differential housing. When the oil flows through the microstructure, the flow channel cross-section is reduced, and a local high-pressure area is formed inside the shield, so that the oil enters the differential housing from the oil inlet on the middle end of the differential, thereby realizing radial directional transportation of the oil.

[0011] An oil guide pipe is led out from the inside of the differential housing, and a horizontal cutout is provided at the end of the oil guide pipe. During the experiment, the oil level inside the differential housing is kept flush with the cutout, and the overflowed oil flows out from the cutout. The end of the oil guide pipe is connected to the oil collecting port to collect the oil.

[0012] The motor, auxiliary motor, first reducer, torque sensor and P-type bearing seat are installed on the holes reserved on the experimental table through the bracket below them. The lower box, commutator and second reducer are fixed on the base plate. The base plate and the experimental table are connected through slots, and the position can be fine-tuned in the spindle direction.

[0013] A differential splash lubrication system oil radial directional delivery test method comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1: Install and debug each test device, and inject an appropriate volume of lubricating oil into the test box through the oil inlet;

[0015] S2: Disconnect the fourth coupling, start the main motor, and record the reading of the torque sensor after the main shaft speed reaches the target speed and the data sent back by the torque sensor is stable. Stop the rotation of the main motor and let it stand until the oil temperature drops to room temperature. Repeat the above test steps ten times for the differential under the same test conditions, and take the average value of the recorded torque sensor readings as the total resistance torque of the differential under the design parameters;

[0016] S3: drain the lubricating oil in the test box through the oil outlet, disconnect the fourth coupling, start the main motor, record the reading of the torque sensor after the main shaft speed reaches the value to be measured and the data sent back by the torque sensor is stable, stop the rotation of the main motor, repeat the above test steps for the differential under the same test conditions ten times, and take the average value of the recorded torque sensor readings as the friction resistance torque of the differential, and make the difference between the total resistance torque of the differential with the action of lubricating oil and the friction resistance torque of the differential without the action of lubricating oil, which is the oil stirring loss torque of the differential under the design parameters;

[0017] S4: Inject an appropriate volume of lubricating oil into the box test body from the oil inlet until the lubricating oil just overflows from the end of the oil guide pipe, connect the fourth coupling, start the main motor and the auxiliary motor, and after the speed of the main shaft and the half shaft stabilizes at the target speed, place the measuring cylinder under the oil collection port and start timing at the same time. After the system runs for 300 seconds, remove the measuring cylinder, stop the rotation of the two motors, and record the volume of the collected oil. Repeat the above test steps for the differential under the same test conditions ten times, and take the average value of the recorded oil volume as the radial directional conveying capacity efficiency of the differential under the design parameters;

[0018] S5: Remove the fixing buckle, take down the upper case, remove the screws used to fix the U-shaped bracket and the shield bracket, then take the shield and the shield bracket out of the case, replace the shield with another design parameter, reassemble the case, add an appropriate volume of lubricating oil into the case from the oil inlet until the lubricating oil just overflows from the end of the oil guide pipe, and repeat step S4 to obtain the radial directional conveying capacity performance of the differential under the design parameters.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] The present invention discloses a radial directional oil delivery method and a test bench for a splash lubrication system. The box for storing oil is composed of an upper box and a lower box. The fitting surface is located above the internal oil level and a sealing ring is embedded in the fitting surface, which can achieve a good sealing effect, effectively prevent oil leakage, reduce the experimental error caused by oil leakage, and improve the accuracy of the test results. The shield is fixed to the shield bracket by two screws. The structure is simple and easy to disassemble, which is conducive to the rapid detection of the radial oil delivery capacity under the shield with different parameters. The shield wraps the front end, the middle end, the rear end and the bevel gear of the differential at an angle of 210° in the radial direction, and maintains a gap of 5mm with the inner surface of the shield. A series of microstructures are distributed inside the shield. When the oil flows with the dragging of the rotating differential housing, a low-pressure area is formed between the shield and the differential housing. When the oil flows through the microstructure, the flow channel cross-section is reduced, and a local high-pressure area is formed inside the shield, forcing the oil to enter the inside of the differential from the oil inlet on the middle end of the differential, so as to realize the radial directional delivery of the oil. The front end of the differential, the middle end of the differential, the rear end of the differential, the cross shaft, the first half-shaft gear, the second half-shaft gear, the sealing sleeve and the half-shaft form a semi-closed cavity. The oil entering from the oil inlet flows out from the oil guide pipe under the action of the cavity and is collected in the measuring cylinder through the oil collecting port. This method converts the oil flow rate of the internal surface of the oil inlet into the amount of oil collected through the oil collecting port, thereby solving the problem that the oil flow rate inside the differential is difficult to measure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is the overall axonometric view of the radial directional oil delivery test bench of the splash lubrication system;

[0022] Figure 2 It is an axonometric view of the internal structure of the box;

[0023] Figure 3 It is an axonometric view of the differential structure inside the shield;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view and assembly diagram of the differential structure;

[0025] Figure 5 It is the structural diagram and assembly diagram of the cross shaft;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the shield and its internal microstructure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] See also Figures 1 to 6As shown, a splash lubrication system oil radial directional delivery test bench includes a differential housing composed of a differential front end 24, a differential middle end 27, and a differential rear end 26, a shield structure composed of a shield 19, a U-shaped bracket 20, and a shield bracket 21, and a test box composed of an upper box 8 and a lower box 11. The test box remains sealed except for an oil collecting port 33. The oil filling of the box can be achieved by removing the oil seal 9 at the oil inlet. A main motor 2 is arranged outside the test box to control the main rotation movement of the differential and an auxiliary motor 17 is arranged to control the differential movement inside the differential. The first reducer 4 and the second reducer 16 are used to adjust the speed to the working speed. The torque sensor 5 is used to collect the torque on the main shaft 7. The circular bearing seat 12 can ensure the sealed connection between the shaft and the box.

[0028] Specifically, the main motor 2 and the auxiliary motor 17 use servo motors with adjustable speeds. The speed of the motors can be controlled by a specially designed control system to test the radial directional delivery of the oil in the splash lubrication system at a set speed and determine the effectiveness of the shield for the radial directional delivery of the oil.

[0029] Specifically, the main shaft 7, the main half shaft 13, the torque sensor 5, the first reducer 4, the second reducer 16, the main motor 2, the auxiliary motor 17 and the commutator 14 are fixedly connected by a coupling, the motor 2, the auxiliary motor 17, the first reducer 4, the torque sensor 5 and the P-type bearing seat 6 are installed on the hole position reserved on the experimental table 1 through the bracket below them, the lower box 11, the commutator 14, and the second reducer 16 are fixed on the bottom plate 15, and the bottom plate 15 is connected to the experimental table 1 through a slot, and the position can be fine-tuned in the direction of the main shaft to ensure the correct matching between the internal gears and ensure the stable rotation of the gears during the test;

[0030] The upper wall of the lower box body 11 is provided with an axial through hole, through which the main shaft 7, the main semi-shaft 13 and the oil guide pipe 32 pass to connect with the internal parts, and the lower box body 11 and the shaft are sealed and connected through a circular bearing seat 12 to prevent the splashing oil in the test box from leaking out through the main shaft through hole;

[0031] An oil guide pipe 32 is provided on one side of the test box to lead out the oil inside the differential housing, and an oil collecting port 33 is connected to the end thereof. A measuring cylinder is placed below to collect the oil. The amount of oil collected within a certain period of time reflects the efficiency of radial directional oil transportation.

[0032] The shield structure is composed of a shield bracket 21, a U-shaped bracket 20 and a shield 19. The shield bracket is fixed on the bearing seat 22. The U-shaped bracket 20 is connected to the shield bracket 21 to fix the shield 20, so as to ensure that the gap between the shield and the internal differential housing is consistent during the test. When replacing the shield, only two screws between the shield bracket 21 and the U-shaped bracket 20 need to be loosened to remove the shield structure without affecting the internal differential structure, thereby avoiding changes in the resistance torque or the efficiency of directional transmission caused by assembly errors.

[0033] A series of microstructures 19-1 are arranged inside the shield 19. When the oil flows along with the rotating differential housing, a low-pressure area is formed between the shield 19 and the differential housing. When the oil flows through the microstructure 19-1, the flow channel cross-section is reduced, and a local high-pressure area is formed inside the shield 19, so that the oil enters the differential housing from the oil inlet 27-1 on the middle end 27 of the differential, thereby realizing radial positioning of the oil.

[0034] The housing is composed of a differential front end 24, a differential middle end 27, and a differential rear end 26, which are connected to each other by 8 bolts. The bevel gear 25 is fixed to the flange surface of the differential rear end and cooperates with the input bevel gear 18. The cross shaft 31 is composed of three parts: a single shaft 31-1 with a hole, a single shaft 31-2 and a sleeve 31-3, which are fixed to the cross shaft hole 27-2 of the differential middle end 27 through 4 shaft sections. At the same time, the 4 planetary gears 28 are also connected to the 4 shaft sections of the cross shaft 31. The shaft diameter of the first half-shaft gear 30-1 is matched with the shaft hole of the differential front end 24, and the shaft hole is matched with the input shaft 7. The shaft diameter of the second half-shaft gear 30-2 is matched with the shaft hole of the differential rear end 26, and the half-shaft gear 30 and the planetary gear 28 are meshed with each other.

[0035] The main motion of a splash lubrication system oil radial directional delivery test bench is the rotational motion of the differential case around its central axis. The main shaft 7 and the input bevel gear 18 at its end serve as the input of the main motion, driving the bevel gear 25 on the differential case to rotate. The secondary motion is the differential motion between the internal planetary gear 28 and the half-shaft bevel gear 30. The half-shaft 7 drives the first half-shaft gear 30-1 as the input of the differential motion.

[0036] A method for testing radial directional oil delivery in a splash lubrication system based on the above device includes the following steps:

[0037] S1: Install and debug each test device, and inject an appropriate volume of lubricating oil into the test box through the oil inlet;

[0038] S2: disconnect the fourth coupling 3-4, start the main motor 2, and record the reading of the torque sensor 5 after the speed of the main shaft 7 reaches the target speed and the data sent back by the torque sensor 5 is stable. Stop the rotation of the main motor 2 and let it stand until the oil temperature drops to room temperature. Repeat the above test steps ten times for the differential under the same test conditions, and take the average value of the recorded torque sensor 5 readings as the total resistance torque of the differential under the design parameters;

[0039] S3: drain the lubricating oil in the test box through the oil outlet, disconnect the fourth coupling 3-4, start the main motor 2, and record the reading of the torque sensor 5 after the speed of the main shaft 7 reaches the value to be measured and the data sent back by the torque sensor 5 is stable. Stop the rotation of the main motor 2, repeat the above test steps for the differential under the same test conditions ten times, and take the average value of the recorded readings of the torque sensor 5 as the friction resistance torque of the differential. The difference between the total resistance torque of the differential with the action of lubricating oil and the friction resistance torque of the differential without the action of lubricating oil is the oil stirring loss torque of the differential under the design parameters;

[0040] S4: inject a proper volume of lubricating oil into the test box from the oil inlet until the lubricating oil just overflows from the end of the oil guide pipe 32, connect the fourth coupling 3-4, start the main motor 2 and the auxiliary motor 17, and after the speed of the main shaft 7 and the half shaft 13 stabilize at the target speed, place the measuring cylinder under the oil collection port 33 and start timing at the same time. After the system runs for 300 seconds, remove the measuring cylinder, stop the rotation of the two motors, and record the volume of the collected oil. Repeat the above test steps for the differential under the same test conditions ten times, and take the average value of the recorded oil volume as the radial directional conveying capacity efficiency of the differential under the design parameters;

[0041] S5: Remove the fixing buckle 10, take down the upper case 8, remove the screws used to fix the U-shaped bracket 20 and the shield bracket 21, then take the shield 19 and the shield bracket 21 out of the case, replace the shield 19 with another design parameter, reassemble the case, add an appropriate volume of lubricating oil into the case from the oil inlet until the lubricating oil just overflows from the end of the oil guide pipe 32, and repeat step S4 to obtain the radial directional conveying capacity performance of the differential under the design parameters.

[0042] The present invention provides a method for radial directional oil delivery in a splash lubrication system and a test bench, which are used to measure the oil stirring resistance torque of a differential structure and the radial directional delivery efficiency, and then evaluate the performance of the shield. The oil stirring resistance torque loss is separated from the total friction loss of the gear, and accurate measurement is performed. At the same time, the radial directional delivery performance of the lubricating oil is quantified, and the delivery performance is reflected by collecting the amount of oil. The experimental operation is simple, and the radial directional delivery performance of the lubricating oil under different configuration parameters of the shield can be accurately obtained.

[0043] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the concept and use of the present invention, and their purpose is to let people in the art understand the implementation of this patent, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modification and improvement of the embodiments based on the concept of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing radial directional oil delivery in a splash lubrication system, characterized in that: The test bench used includes a main motor (2) as a power input source. The main motor (2) drives the rotational movement of the differential housing body. The auxiliary motor (17) drives the differential movement to adjust the speed difference between the first half-shaft gear (30-1) and the second half-shaft gear (30-2) inside the differential. The main motor (2) inputs power to the main shaft (7) through the first reducer (4), the torque sensor (5), the P-type bearing seat (6) and the first coupling (3-1), the second coupling (3-2) and the third coupling (3-3) therebetween. The auxiliary motor (17) inputs power to the main shaft (7) through the second reducer (16), The commutator (14) and the fourth coupling (3-4), the fifth coupling (3-5), and the sixth coupling (3-6) therebetween are connected to the half shaft (13); the lower housing (11), the commutator (14), and the second reducer (16) are all fixed on the bottom plate (15); the bottom plate (15) is fixed on the experimental table (1) and can be fine-tuned in the spindle direction to fix the position; the upper housing (8) and the lower housing (11) form a test housing as a container for oil; the two are connected by 8 fixing buckles (10); an oil inlet is opened on the upper housing and sealed with a plug (9); an axial hole is opened on the side and a circular bearing seat (12) is fixed; An input bevel gear (18), a bearing seat (22), a base (23), a shield (19), a shield bracket (21) and a U-shaped bracket (20) are arranged inside the test box. The input bevel gear (18) is connected to the main shaft (7) as a power input. The base (23) is used to fix the bearing seat (22) on the lower box (11). The shield bracket (21) is fixed to one side of the bearing seat (22) and is connected to the U-shaped bracket (20). The shield (19) is fixed to the U-shaped bracket (20) by screws. The differential housing is composed of a differential front end (24), a differential middle end (27) and a differential rear end (26); the bevel gear (25) is fixed to the differential rear end (26) and meshes with the input bevel gear (18); and the differential middle end (27) is provided with four oil inlets (27-1) and four cross shaft holes (27-2); The differential comprises a first half-shaft gear (30-1), a second half-shaft gear (30-2), a first planetary gear (28-1), a second planetary gear (28-2), a third planetary gear (28-3), and a fourth planetary gear (28-4); the first half-shaft gear (30-1) is connected to the half-shaft (13); the second half-shaft gear (30-2) is matched with the shaft hole of the rear end (26) of the differential and has a sealing sleeve (29) inside; one end of the oil guide pipe (32) is matched with the shaft hole of the sealing sleeve (29) and the other end is connected to the oil collection port (33); the half-shaft gears and the planetary gears are meshed with each other; the cross shaft (31) is composed of a single shaft with a hole (31-1), a single shaft (31-2), and a sleeve (31-3); the four planetary gears are matched with the four shaft sections of the cross shaft; and the cross shaft (31) is fixed to the four cross shaft holes (27-2) on the middle end (27) of the differential; The motor (2) and the auxiliary motor (17) are servo motors; A series of microstructures (19-1) are arranged inside the shield (19), and when the oil flows along with the drag of the rotating differential housing, a low-pressure area is formed between the shield (19) and the differential housing. When the oil flows through the microstructure (19-1), the flow channel cross-section is reduced, and a local high-pressure area is formed inside the shield (19), so that the oil enters the differential housing from the oil inlet (27-1) on the middle end (27) of the differential, thereby realizing radial directional transportation of the oil; An oil guide pipe (32) is led out from the inside of the differential housing, and a horizontal cutout is provided at the end of the oil guide pipe (32). During the experiment, the oil level inside the differential housing is kept flush with the cutout, and overflowing oil flows out from the cutout. The end of the oil guide pipe (32) is connected to an oil collecting port (33) for collecting oil. The motor (2), auxiliary motor (17), first reducer (4), torque sensor (5) and P-type bearing seat (6) are mounted on holes reserved on the experimental platform (1) via brackets below them; the lower box (11), commutator (14) and second reducer (16) are fixed on the bottom plate (15); the bottom plate (15) and the experimental platform (1) are connected via slots, and the position can be fine-tuned in the spindle direction; The following steps are involved: S1: Install and debug each test device, and inject an appropriate volume of lubricating oil into the test box through the oil inlet; S2: disconnect the fourth coupling (3-4), start the main motor (2), wait until the speed of the main shaft (7) reaches the target speed and the data sent back by the torque sensor (5) is stable, record the reading of the torque sensor (5), stop the rotation of the main motor (2), and let it stand until the oil temperature drops to room temperature. Repeat the above test steps for the differential under the same test conditions ten times, and take the average value of the recorded torque sensor (5) readings as the total resistance torque of the differential; S3: drain the lubricating oil in the test box through the oil outlet, disconnect the fourth coupling (3-4), start the main motor (2), and record the reading of the torque sensor (5) after the speed of the main shaft (7) reaches the value to be measured and the data sent back by the torque sensor (5) is stable. Stop the rotation of the main motor (2), repeat the above test steps for the differential under the same test conditions ten times, and take the average value of the recorded torque sensor (5) readings as the friction torque of the differential. The total resistance torque of the differential under the action of lubricating oil and the friction torque of the differential without the action of lubricating oil are subtracted, that is, the oil stirring loss torque of the differential; S4: inject a suitable volume of lubricating oil into the test box through the oil inlet until the lubricating oil just overflows from the end of the oil guide pipe (32), connect the fourth coupling (3-4), start the main motor (2) and the auxiliary motor (17), and after the speed of the main shaft (7) and the half shaft (13) stabilizes at the target speed, place the measuring cylinder under the oil collecting port (33) and start timing at the same time. After the system runs for 300 seconds, remove the measuring cylinder, stop the rotation of the two motors, and record the volume of the collected oil. Repeat the above test steps for the differential under the same test conditions ten times, and take the average value of the recorded oil volume as the radial directional conveying capacity efficiency of the differential; S5: Remove the fixing buckle (10), remove the upper housing (8), remove the screws used to fix the U-shaped bracket (20) and the shield bracket (21), and then take the shield (19) and the shield bracket (21) out of the housing. Replace another shield (19) and reassemble the housing. Refill an appropriate volume of lubricating oil into the housing through the oil inlet until the lubricating oil just overflows from the end of the oil guide pipe (32). Repeat step S4 to obtain the radial directional conveying capacity performance of the differential.

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