A marine deck hatch cover and integrated forming mold

Abstract

The present invention discloses a ship deck hatch cover and an integrated molding die, which relate to the field of ship technology. The ship deck hatch cover comprises a hatch cover body, which is made of composite materials, and comprises an upper panel, a lower panel, an inner fence and an outer fence. The lower panel is provided with a protrusion, and the outer fence is located at the outer edge of the lower panel. The upper panel is located above the lower panel, and the upper end of the inner fence is connected to the outer edge of the upper panel, and the lower end of the inner fence is connected to the upper panel. The ship deck hatch cover and the integrated molding die of the present invention solve the problems of large mass and weak seawater corrosion resistance of steel hatch covers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ships, and in particular to a ship deck hatch cover and an integrated molding die. Background Art

[0002] Hatch covers are a general term for the lids and opening and closing devices for closing various hatches on a ship. They are important hull outfitting devices and belong to external outfitting. The main function of hatch covers is to ensure that waves and rainwater do not invade the cargo hold. Some hatch covers also have to bear the weight of the cargo on the deck. According to the size of the hatch, they are divided into large hatch covers and small hatch covers. The former is used on cargo holds for loading bulk dry goods, materials or vehicles, and is also called cargo hatch covers; the latter is used for cargo holds for loading liquid goods, refrigerated goods, etc., as well as personnel entry and exit hatches and manholes. According to the material and type of the hatch cover, there are whole wooden or metal hatch covers, wooden assembled hatch covers, assembled hatch covers composed of box-shaped or corrugated section panels made of metal or fiberglass, etc. Small hatch covers are generally opened and closed by manpower, while large hatch covers must be opened and closed by electric or hydraulically driven mechanical devices. According to the transmission mode, it can be divided into rolling hatch covers, rolling types including vertical type, inclined type and sleeve type, rolling types including lateral type, stacking type and rolling type, hinged types including hinged flip type and folding type, etc. According to the tightness, there are watertight, oiltight, airtight and non-tight hatch covers, etc. According to different tightness requirements, sealing devices or sealing devices composed of pressure strips, fillers, gaskets, tighteners, etc. are respectively provided between the hatch cover plate and the adjacent parts.

[0003] At present, ship deck hatch covers are mainly made of steel materials. However, due to the large structural mass of steel hatch covers and their weak seawater corrosion resistance, they have obvious disadvantages such as short service life and high maintenance costs. There is an urgent need to optimize the overall design of existing hatch covers. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ship deck hatch cover and an integrated forming die to solve the problems of heavy weight and weak seawater corrosion resistance of steel hatch covers.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a ship deck hatch cover, comprising a hatch cover body, wherein the hatch cover body is made of composite material, and the hatch cover body comprises an upper panel, a lower panel, an inner fence and an outer fence, wherein the lower panel is provided with a protrusion, the outer fence is located at the outer edge of the lower panel, the upper panel is located above the lower panel, the upper end of the inner fence is connected to the outer edge of the upper panel, and the lower end of the inner fence is connected to the upper panel.

[0007] Preferably, the hatch cover body is further provided with a grille reinforcement structure, which is located on the upper surface of the upper panel and extends to the inner side of the inner fence and the lower surface of the lower panel.

[0008] Preferably, it also includes an inner lining and a sealing strip, wherein the inner lining is made of metal material, is arranged on the upper panel, and is located between the inner fence and the outer fence, and the sealing strip is arranged on the inner lining.

[0009] Preferably, it further comprises an ear plate, wherein the ear plate is connected to the grille reinforcement structure.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a locking plate, which is screwed and connected to the hatch cover body.

[0011] Preferably, it also comprises a handle, and the handle is screwed and connected to the hatch cover body.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a hinge, and the hinge is connected to the hatch cover body by screws and rubber.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a first rolling head seat and a second rolling head seat, wherein the first rolling head seat is provided with threads, the first rolling head seat and the second rolling head seat are both connected with the hatch cover body by rubber screws, and one end of the first rolling head seat and one end of the second rolling head seat are respectively connected to an external connecting piece.

[0014] Preferably, it further comprises a sandwich core, wherein the sandwich core is located on the upper surface of the grid reinforcement structure.

[0015] The present invention also provides an integrated molding mold for the ship deck hatch cover, comprising an upper pressure plate, a core mold and a lower pressure plate, the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate are interlocked, the core mold is located between the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate, a split mold structure is arranged on the outer side of the core mold, and an external pressure frame is arranged on the outer side of the split mold structure.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0017] Compared with the original steel hatch cover, the hatch cover made of carbon fiber composite material of the present invention is 45.9% lighter and has smaller deformation, which solves the problem of heavy weight and weak seawater corrosion resistance of steel hatch covers, and overcomes the difficulty of reliable connection between the hatch cover body of the composite material and the metal accessories. The composite material is successfully applied to the ship deck hatch cover, realizing the integrated molding of large-size composite hatch covers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a ship deck hatch cover Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 2 An exploded view of a marine deck hatch cover of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a hatch cover body of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the hatch cover main body protrusion (ellipsoidal boss) of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a side view of the hatch cover body of the present invention (ellipsoidal boss);

[0024] Figure 6 It is a top view of the hatch cover body of the present invention (ellipsoidal boss);

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the inner liner of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the sealing strip of the present invention;

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the ear plate of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the locking plate of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a handle of the present invention;

[0030] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of a hinge of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the first rolling head stand of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the second rolling head stand of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the grid reinforcement structure of the present invention (triangular grid);

[0034] Fig.16 This is a schematic diagram of the grid reinforcement structure of the present invention (regular hexagonal grid);

[0035] Fig.17 This is a schematic diagram of the grid reinforcement structure of the present invention (regular hexagonal and diamond-shaped grids);

[0036] Fig.18It is a schematic diagram of the grille reinforcement structure of the present invention (circular and square grilles);

[0037] Fig.19 It is a simulation diagram of the internal pressure of the hatch cover body of the present invention under watertightness;

[0038] Fig. 20 It is a stress cloud diagram of the hatch cover body of the present invention under the action of internal pressure in a watertight state;

[0039] Fig.21 It is a displacement cloud diagram of the hatch cover body of the present invention under the action of internal pressure in a watertight state;

[0040] Fig. 22 It is a simulation diagram of the external pressure of the hatch cover body of the present invention under watertightness;

[0041] Fig.23 It is a stress cloud diagram of the hatch cover body of the present invention under the action of external pressure in a watertight state;

[0042] Fig.24 It is a displacement cloud diagram of the hatch cover body of the present invention under the action of external pressure in a watertight state;

[0043] Fig.25 Schematic diagram of the hatch cover main body protrusion (trapezoidal boss) of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.26 It is a side view of the hatch cover body of the present invention (trapezoidal boss);

[0045] Fig. 27 It is a top view of the hatch cover body of the present invention (trapezoidal boss);

[0046] Fig.28 It is a schematic diagram of the protruding part of the hatch cover body of the present invention (circular boss);

[0047] Fig.29 It is a side view of the hatch cover body of the present invention (circular boss);

[0048] Fig.30 It is a top view of the hatch cover body of the present invention (circular boss);

[0049] Fig.31 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a ship deck hatch cover Figure 2 (with sandwich);

[0050] Fig.32 It is a schematic diagram of the integrated molding die of the present invention;

[0051] Fig.33 The process flow chart of the marine deck hatch cover of the present invention is as follows;

[0052] Among them: 1-hatch cover body, 2-upper panel, 3-lower panel, 4-inner fence, 5-outer fence, 6-grating reinforcement structure, 7-inner lining, 8-sealing strip, 9-ear plate, 10-locking plate, 11-handle, 12-hinge, 13-first rolling head seat, 14-second rolling head seat, 15-flat plate, 16-protrusion, 17-first gasket, 18-second gasket, 19-third gasket, 20-fourth gasket, 21-fifth gasket, 22-sixth gasket, 23-upper pressure plate, 24-core mold, 25-lower pressure plate, 26-petal mold structure, 27-external pressure frame, 28-sandwich core. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ship deck hatch cover and an integrated forming die to solve the problems of heavy weight and weak seawater corrosion resistance of steel hatch covers.

[0055] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0056] Embodiment 1

[0057] like Figures 1 to 30 As shown: This embodiment provides a marine deck hatch cover, including a hatch cover body 1, which is made of a composite material, and the composite material is a carbon fiber composite material, a glass fiber composite material or an aramid fiber composite material, preferably a carbon fiber composite material. The carbon fiber composite material is light in weight, good in mechanical properties, and excellent in corrosion resistance. In addition, the carbon fiber composite material also has excellent properties such as oil resistance and radiation resistance. The hatch cover body 1 is integrally formed, and the hatch cover body 1 includes an upper panel 2, a lower panel 3, an inner fence 4 and an outer fence 5. The lower panel 3 is provided with a protrusion 16 protruding away from the upper panel 2. The protrusion 16 is preferably an ellipsoidal boss, a trapezoidal boss or a circular boss. The outer fence 5 is located at the outer edge of the lower panel 3, and the upper panel 2 is located above the lower panel 3. The upper end of the inner fence 4 is connected to the outer edge of the upper panel 2, and the lower end of the inner fence 4 is connected to the upper panel 2.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, the hatch cover body 1 is further provided with a grille reinforcement structure 6, which is located on the upper surface of the upper panel 2 and extends to the inner side of the inner fence 4 and the lower surface of the lower panel 3. The grille shape of the grille reinforcement structure 6 is a triangle, square, rectangle, circle or regular hexagon. The upper surface of the grille reinforcement structure 6 is located in the same plane, that is, the height of the grille reinforcement structure 6 at the protrusion 16 is higher than that of the grille reinforcement structure 6 at other positions.

[0059] In this embodiment, the outermost dimension of the outer fence 5 is (666×666) mm, the height of the outer fence 5 is 20 mm, the outermost dimension of the inner fence 4 is (580×580) mm, and the thickness of the upper panel 2 and the lower panel 3 are both 4 mm. The lowest point of the protrusion 16 is 31 mm away from the flat plate portion 15 of the lower panel 3, and the thickness of the lower panel 3 is the same at all places to reduce the stress and deformation at the center of the hatch cover body. The size of the square grille is 100 mm in length and width, and the thickness of the grille is 3 mm. Under the premise of not affecting the opening and closing of the hatch cover, through reasonable calculation, the top of the grille (6) is set to be 27 mm above the plane.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] like Figures 1 to 30 As shown: This embodiment also includes an inner lining 7 and a sealing strip 8. The inner lining 7 is made of metal material. The inner lining 7 includes an inner lining plate and an inner lining fence. The lower end of the inner lining fence is connected to the outer edge of the inner lining plate. The inner lining plate is arranged on the upper panel 2, and the inner lining 7 is located between the inner fence 4 and the outer fence 5. The inner lining fence is in contact with the inner side of the inner fence 4. The sealing strip 8 is arranged on the inner lining plate, and the sealing strip 8 is located between the inner lining fence and the inner fence 4.

[0062] The present embodiment further includes an ear plate 9, a locking plate 10, a handle 11, a hinge 12, a first rolling head seat 13 and a second rolling head seat 14. The ear plate 9 is connected to the grille reinforcement structure 6. The locking plate 10 and the handle 11 are arranged on the same side. The locking plate 10 is screwed to the hatch cover body 1. The handle 11 is screwed to the hatch cover body 1. The hinge 12 is arranged on the side opposite to the locking plate 10. The hinge 12 is screwed to the hatch cover body 1. There are two first rolling head seats 13 and second rolling head seats 14 respectively. The first rolling head seat 13 is provided with threads. The first rolling head seat 13 and the second rolling head seat 14 are both screwed to the lower panel 3 of the hatch cover body 1. One end of the first rolling head seat 13 and one end of the second rolling head seat 14 are respectively connected to an external connecting piece.

[0063] Glue-thread hybrid connection refers to the connection of two structures through threads, and the threaded connection is filled with glue.

[0064] In order to connect the external metal parts to the outer fence 5 more firmly, the ear plate 9, the first rolling head seat 13, the second rolling head seat 14, the lock plate 10, the handle 11 and the hinge 12 are improved. A first gasket 17 is arranged between the ear plate 9 and the hatch cover body 1, a second gasket 18 is arranged between the first rolling head seat 13 and the hatch cover body 1, a third gasket 19 is arranged between the second rolling head seat 14 and the hatch cover body 1, a fourth gasket 20 is arranged between the lock plate 10 and the hatch cover body 1, a fifth gasket 21 is arranged between the handle 11 and the hatch cover body 1, and a sixth gasket 22 is arranged between the hinge 12 and the hatch cover body 1, thereby increasing the contact area between the ear plate 9, the first rolling head seat 13, the second rolling head seat 14, the lock plate 10, the handle 11 and the hinge 12 and the hatch cover body 1. Punch holes at designated positions of the outer fence 5 of the hatch cover body 1, install the fourth gasket 20, the fifth gasket 21 and the sixth gasket 22 at each punched position, rotate the bolt through the punched position, and reliably connect the lock plate 10, the handle 11 and the hinge 12 to the outer fence 5 by "mixed connection with glue and screws", connect the ear plate 9 to the grille reinforcement structure 6 by mixed connection with glue and screws, reliably connect the first and second rolling head seats 13 and 14 to the external connectors, and finally install nuts for further reinforcement. The adhesive is selected as J-133 (Q / HSY063-95), and its mechanical properties should meet the technical requirements. The advantages of using J-133 adhesive are room temperature curing, which is conducive to process operation; the adhesive has high shear strength; it can meet the requirements of the space environment, has been used on multiple satellite models, and is relatively reliable. The use of room temperature curing adhesive can effectively avoid structural deformation that may be caused by adhesive curing. The ear plate 9, the first rolling head seat 13, the second rolling head seat 14, the locking plate 10, the handle 11 and the hinge 12 are made of steel, and the mechanical properties of all raw materials shall comply with the relevant standards. The fasteners mainly include the following categories: QJ2582-1993 titanium alloy hexagon socket head screws, QJ2583-1993 titanium alloy cross slot pan head screws, etc., and the mechanical properties of all fasteners shall comply with the relevant standards.

[0065] Combined with the actual project, two working conditions of watertight conditions are considered, that is, the internal pressure is not less than 0.05kg / cm 2 , external pressure is not less than 1.5kg / cm 2 When the composite hatch cover is subjected to internal pressure, a supporting reaction force is generated at the two first pressing head seats 13 and the two second pressing head seats 14 to prevent the hatch cover from opening. Therefore, during the simulation process, a uniform pressure is applied to the inside of the hatch cover, and a reverse concentrated force is applied to the two first pressing head seats 13 and the two second pressing head seats 14, and the displacement of the sealing strip 8 is limited. According to the research and development requirements, in the watertight condition, the internal pressure is 0.05MPa, the total preload is 14000N, and the average preload at each first pressing head seat 13 and each second pressing head seat 14 is 3500N. Observation Fig. 20 and Fig.21The data can be obtained, and the red part in the figure represents the maximum stress and the maximum displacement. The maximum stress is 44.39MPa, and the maximum displacement is 0.08979mm. Because there are holes at the two first rolling head seats 13 and the two second rolling head seats 14, stress concentration occurs, and the maximum stress and maximum displacement are generated at this time. This phenomenon is unavoidable. According to public information, under this working condition, the maximum stress generated is far from the strength limit of the carbon fiber composite material, and the displacement generated can be basically ignored. In summary, under this working condition, the composite hatch cover designed by the present invention meets the strength requirements and will not cause structural damage.

[0066] When the composite hatch cover is subjected to watertight external pressure, calculate the stress and deformation of the composite hatch cover under external pressure. In the simulation process, the purple downward arrow in the figure represents the watertight external pressure. The development requirements show that the external pressure is 0.15MPa. Fig.23 and Fig.24 The data can be obtained. The red part in the figure represents the maximum stress and displacement. The maximum stress is 138.4MPa and the maximum displacement is 1.393mm. The maximum stress occurs at the connection between the composite hatch cover and the first rolling head seat 13 and the composite hatch cover and the second rolling head seat 14. In summary, under this working condition, the maximum stress generated has not reached the strength limit of the carbon fiber composite material, and the displacement generated is within a reasonable range.

[0067] In this embodiment, the ear plate 9 serves as the base part of the hatch cover hinge self-locking mechanism and bears the impact load during the opening and closing process. In order to reduce the impact damage of the external force on the lower panel 3 when the hatch cover device is opened and closed, the ear plate 9 is connected to the grid structure on the left and right sides to retain the integrity of the lower panel 3 and extend the service life of the hatch cover.

[0068] In this embodiment, in order to connect the handle 11, hinge 12 and lock plate 10 to the hatch cover body 1, a metal lining 7 is arranged at the outer fence 5, and the handle 11, hinge 12 and lock plate 10 are reliably connected to the hatch cover body 1 by means of rubber screw hybrid connection. In order to connect the external metal parts to the hatch cover outer fence 5 more firmly, the lock plate 10, handle 11, hinge 12, first rolling head seat 13 and second rolling head seat 14 are improved, thereby increasing the contact area between the lock plate 10, handle 11, hinge 12, first rolling head seat 13 and second rolling head seat 14 and the hatch cover body 1. The design of the lining 7 improves the rigidity of the hatch cover and increases the sealing performance of the sealing strip 8.

[0069] In this embodiment, the protrusion 16 reduces the stress and displacement at the center of the lower panel 3, and the grid reinforcement structure 6 improves the strength of the hatch cover body 1, achieving smaller stress and smaller deformation when subjected to the same water pressure load, thereby improving the rigidity of the hatch cover body 1. Moreover, the structural form of "grid reinforcement structure 6 + protrusion 16" is conducive to the integrated molding preparation of the hatch cover body 1, reducing defects at joints and connections, improving the fatigue resistance of the product, enhancing the reliability of the product, and extending the service life of the composite hatch cover.

[0070] Compared with the original steel hatch cover, the hatch cover made of carbon fiber composite material is 45.9% lighter and has smaller deformation, which solves the problem of heavy weight and weak seawater corrosion resistance of steel hatch covers, and overcomes the difficulty of reliable connection between the composite hatch cover body 1 and metal accessories. Composite materials are successfully applied to ship deck hatch covers, realizing the integrated molding of large-size composite hatch covers.

[0071] Embodiment 3

[0072] like Fig.31 As shown, this embodiment further includes a sandwich core 28, which is located on the upper surface of the grid reinforcement structure 6, and the ear plate 9 is arranged on the sandwich core 28. The arrangement of the sandwich core 28 further improves the structural strength and makes the structure more beautiful.

[0073] Embodiment 4

[0074] like Fig.32 As shown, this embodiment provides an integrated molding die for a ship deck hatch cover, comprising an upper pressing plate 23, a core mold 24 and a lower pressing plate 25, the upper pressing plate 23 and the lower pressing plate 25 are buckled with each other, the core mold 24 is located between the upper pressing plate 23 and the lower pressing plate 25, a split mold structure 26 is arranged on the outer side of the core mold 24, and an external pressure frame 27 is arranged on the outer side of the split mold structure 26. The hatch cover body 1 is mechanically pressurized and integrally molded by the upper pressing plate 23, the lower pressing plate 25 and the external pressure frame 27.

[0075] like Fig.33 As shown, the integrated molding process of the ship deck hatch cover includes the following steps: step one, re-inspection of raw materials, production of prepreg, and re-inspection of the integrated molding mold and processing of the integrated molding mold; step two, assembly of the integrated molding mold; step three, laying of the prepreg; step four, trimming; step five, mold closing and curing; step six, demoulding; step seven, flaw detection; step eight, plane grinding of the hatch cover body 1 of the composite material; step nine, drilling and adapting metal parts; step ten, bonding and curing; step eleven, surface treatment; step twelve, final inspection; step thirteen, packaging and shipment.

[0076] The present specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine deck hatch cover, characterized in that: The hatch cover body is formed in one piece and made of composite materials. The hatch cover body comprises an upper panel, a lower panel, an inner fence and an outer fence. The lower panel is provided with a protrusion, which is a circular boss. The outer fence is located at the outer edge of the lower panel. The upper panel is located above the lower panel. The upper end of the inner fence is connected to the outer edge of the upper panel, and the lower end of the inner fence is connected to the upper panel. The hatch cover body is also provided with a grille reinforcement structure, which is located on the upper surface of the upper panel and extends to the inner side of the inner fence and the lower surface of the lower panel; It also includes an inner liner and a sealing strip, wherein the inner liner is made of a metal material, is arranged on the upper panel, and is located between the inner fence and the outer fence, and the sealing strip is arranged on the inner liner; It also includes an ear plate, which is connected to the grille reinforcement structure.

2. The marine deck hatch cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a locking plate, which is screwed and connected to the hatch cover body.

3. The marine deck hatch cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a handle, which is screwed and connected to the hatch cover body.

4. The marine deck hatch cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a hinge, and the hinge is connected to the hatch cover body by screws and rubber.

5. The marine deck hatch cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first rolling head seat and a second rolling head seat, wherein the first rolling head seat is provided with threads, the first rolling head seat and the second rolling head seat are both connected with the hatch cover body by rubber screws, and one end of the first rolling head seat and one end of the second rolling head seat are respectively connected to an external connecting piece.

6. The marine deck hatch cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a sandwich core, which is located on the upper surface of the grid reinforcement structure.

7. An integrated molding die for a marine deck hatch cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes an upper pressing plate, a core mold and a lower pressing plate, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are buckled with each other, the core mold is located between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate, a split mold structure is arranged on the outer side of the core mold, and an external pressure frame is arranged on the outer side of the split mold structure.

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