Device and method for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in ores

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention discloses a classification, screening and collection device and classification, screening and collection method for minerals in ores, including: an ore crushing and processing structure for crushing the ore; a sorting structure for sorting the crushed ore to obtain target minerals classified according to particle size range and / or density; wherein the sorting structure adds fluid to the crushed ore and then performs cyclone sorting on the mixed material after adding the fluid. After the ore is crushed, the present invention further obtains most of the high-value ores in a relatively simple and lower-cost manner based on the coordinated processing of crushing and sorting, thereby greatly reducing the waste of high-value minerals in tailings, improving the overall output value, and reducing production costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of ore extraction, and in particular to a classification, screening and collection device and a classification, screening and collection method for minerals in an ore. Background Art

[0002] In the process of development and utilization of many mines, there is a phenomenon that different types of high-value minerals are wasted as tailings. In addition, under the existing technical and process conditions, the "input-output ratio" of the mineral dissociation, extraction and utilization is low, so the tailings cannot be further effectively utilized.

[0003] Under this circumstance, a large number of tailings with high-value ores remaining after mine development are abandoned and cannot be effectively utilized, resulting in a huge waste of resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device and method for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in ores. After the ore is crushed, it is further processed based on the coordinated screening and selection to obtain most of the high-value ores in the ore in a relatively simple and low-cost manner, thereby greatly reducing the waste of high-value minerals in tailings, improving the overall output value and reducing production costs.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0006] In one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a device for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in an ore is provided, comprising:

[0007] Ore crushing and processing structure, used for crushing ore;

[0008] The sorting structure is used to sort the crushed ore to obtain target minerals classified by particle size range and / or density; wherein,

[0009] The separation structure adds fluid to the crushed ore and then performs cyclone separation on the mixed material after the fluid is added.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the classification, screening and collection device further comprises a screening structure, which is connected to the ore crushing and processing structure and is used to screen the crushed ore according to different particle sizes into multiple groups of primary screening minerals with different particle size ranges;

[0011] The sorting structure is used to sort each group of the pre-screened minerals in the same particle size range to obtain the classified target minerals. (That is, the screening structure here is to preliminarily screen the minerals according to the particle size range. For example, if 4mm-8mm is defined as the first particle size range, and 8mm-12mm is defined as the second particle size range, then two groups of minerals are screened out here, one group of minerals has a particle size of 4mm-8mm, and the other group of minerals has a particle size of 8mm-12mm. In the subsequent operation process, the minerals in the particle size range of 4mm-8mm are sorted as a group of minerals in the same particle size range, and the minerals in the particle size range of 8mm-12mm are sorted as another group of minerals in the same particle size range. It should be noted that this is used to assist in explaining the "multiple groups of pre-screened minerals with different particle size ranges" proposed here, and it does not mean that it can only be divided into two groups here. Technical personnel in this field can set three, four... and other particle size ranges according to actual needs. Correspondingly, corresponding groups of minerals in the same particle size range will also be screened out here.)

[0012] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the ore crushing and processing structure is carried out by high-pressure blasting.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ore crushing and processing structure comprises a silo for placing ore, a gas silo separated from a feed port of the silo by a movable piston, a collecting silo separated from a discharge port of the silo by an explosive assembly that can be explosively arranged, and a gas supply unit for providing high-pressure gas to the silo and the gas silo;

[0014] The high-pressure gas in the gas bin is used to provide a propulsion force to the piston, and the high-pressure gas in the material bin is used to penetrate the ore.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the sub-screening structure comprises a plurality of screen plates sequentially extending along the ore blasting direction, and the apertures of the screen holes on the plurality of screen plates are sequentially reduced along the ore blasting direction.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sorting structure comprises a material distribution cylinder, a feed pipe connected to the material distribution cylinder, a water injection and mixing member arranged in the feed pipe at one end away from the material distribution cylinder, and a gas injection member for injecting gas into the water injection and mixing member and / or the feed pipe; wherein,

[0017] The water injection and mixing element is in communication with the screening structure, and is used to provide fluid and mix the mineral with the fluid;

[0018] The feed pipe is connected to the side wall near the upper end of the material distributing cylinder;

[0019] The material distributing cylinder is formed into a cylindrical portion and a conical portion in sequence from top to bottom, and the diameter of the end of the conical portion away from the cylindrical portion is smaller than the diameter of the end close to the cylindrical portion;

[0020] The lower end of the distributing cylinder is open to form a sand settling port, and the upper end of the distributing cylinder is penetrated by an outlet pipe with one end located outside the distributing cylinder and the other end located inside the distributing cylinder, and the end surface of the end of the outlet pipe located inside the distributing cylinder is located below the extension surface where the outlet of the feed pipe is located.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water-injected mixing element comprises a mixing barrel formed with a mixing chamber, a water-injection pipe connected to the mixing barrel, and a stirring element rotatably located in the mixing barrel; and

[0022] The mixing cylinder is separated from the screening structure and / or the feeding pipe by a valve which can be opened or closed.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stirring member includes a main rotating shaft and a plurality of driven stirring shafts circumferentially connected to the main rotating shaft.

[0024] As a preferred solution of the present invention, each group of minerals in the same particle size range is collected through a corresponding distribution and collection pipe, each of the distribution and collection pipes is connected to the mixing barrel, and the valve is provided between each of the distribution and collection pipes and the mixing barrel.

[0025] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the gas injection piece is connected to the mixing barrel.

[0026] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the gas injection component includes a gas injection pipe, and a plurality of gas injection nozzles arranged around the mixing barrel and connected to the gas injection pipe.

[0027] In another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a method for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in an ore is provided, using the classifying, screening and collecting device as described above, and the classifying, screening and collecting method comprises:

[0028] S100, adding the ore to be processed into the ore crushing and processing structure and crushing it;

[0029] S200, adding fluid to the crushed mineral, and performing cyclone separation on the mineral after the fluid is added to obtain target minerals classified by particle size and / or density.

[0030] As a preferred solution of the present invention, step S100 also includes screening the crushed ore to form multiple groups of minerals with different particle size ranges.

[0031] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the multiple groups of minerals after screening are respectively sorted by cyclone sorting.

[0032] In step S200, the volume ratio of each group of minerals in the same particle size range to the fluid is 1:7-12.

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0034] By crushing the ore, the minerals are separated. Based on the differences in cementing components and strength between different mineral types, the initial separation based on particle size is achieved after the separation of multiple minerals. Then, the cyclone separation method is further used to separate the minerals, so as to obtain the required target minerals. The above method realizes the classification and screening of minerals in a physical way, and the whole process is relatively simple to operate, cost-effective, and suitable for the treatment of large quantities of tailings, providing a new direction for the effective utilization of tailings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0036] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an ore crushing and differentiation structure and a screening structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the partial structure of the screening structure and the sorting structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of a sorting structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4A-4C is the mass proportion of the mineral powder collected in different particle size ranges in the specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5A flow chart of the classification, screening and collection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure:

[0043] 1- Ore crushing and processing structure; 2- Screening structure;

[0044] 11- material bin; 12- piston; 13- gas bin; 14- collection bin; 15- explosion-proof disk; 16- blasting part;

[0045] 111-feeding port; 112-discharging port;

[0046] 171-air compressor; 172-first air valve; 173-second air valve; 174-high pressure pipe 174; 175-silo air inlet; 176-gas silo air inlet; 177-silo pressure gauge; 178-gas silo pressure gauge;

[0047] 21-sieve plate; 22-material distribution and collection pipe;

[0048] 31- material distribution cylinder; 32- material inlet pipe; 33- air injection part; 34- outlet pipe; 35- water injection and mixing part;

[0049] 311-cylindrical part; 312-conical cylinder part; 313-sand settling port;

[0050] 351 -mixing barrel; 352 -water injection pipe; 353 -valve; 354 ​​-main rotating shaft; 355 -driven stirring shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a device for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in an ore, and its specific structure and classification and screening method are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Specifically, its structure includes:

[0053] The ore crushing and processing structure 1 (in a more specific embodiment of the present invention, the ore is processed and crushed in combination with high-pressure blasting): it includes a silo 11 (further having a feed port 111 close to a gas silo 13 and a discharge port 112 away from a gas silo), a gas silo 13, a collecting silo 14, a blasting assembly (specifically including an explosion-proof disc 15 and an blasting piece 16), a gas supply unit (including an air compressor 171, a first air valve 172, a second air valve 173, a high-pressure pipe 174 connecting the gas silo 13 and the silo 11, a silo air inlet 175, a silo air inlet 176, a silo pressure gauge 177 and a silo pressure gauge 178), and a piston 12.

[0054] The silo 11 is provided with a feed port 111, through which ore is loaded into the silo 11, and gas is injected into the silo 11, and the internal pressure of the silo 11 after the gas is injected is 15MPa; gas is injected into the gas silo 13, and the internal pressure of the gas silo 13 after the gas is injected is 12MPa. After the explosion-proof disk 15 is broken, the pressure of the gas silo 13 pushes the ore to be ejected quickly, and finally, the ore powder and the piston 12 are all ejected into the collection bin 14.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the length of the silo 11 is 500 cm, the inner diameter is 63 mm, and a total of 16 kg of ore can be placed at one time. The length of the gas silo is 150 cm, and the inner diameter is 8-12 cm. It should be noted that the sizes of the silo 11 and the gas silo 13 are not fixed, and those skilled in the art can design silos 11 of different volumes according to actual conditions to better adapt to actual use requirements.

[0056] A piston 12 is provided on one side of the silo 11 near the feed port 111. After the loading is completed, the piston 12 is put into place. The silo 11 behind the piston 12 is formed into an ore storage chamber, and the front of the piston 12 is a gas receiving chamber.

[0057] The entire rapid unloading process is realized based on the following process: by detonating the explosive member 16 attached to the explosion-proof plate 15, the explosion-proof plate 15 is broken, and the piston 12 moves rapidly to the right under the pressure of the gas in the gas bin 13. The ore in the silo 11 is pushed by the high-pressure gas and sprayed into the collection bin 14 together with the piston 12.

[0058] Furthermore, the pressure of the gas silo 13 is not less than 12 MPa (can be maintained at 12 MPa), and the pressure of the silo 11 is not less than 15 MPa (can be maintained at 15 MPa), and the pressure in the silo 11 and the gas silo 13 is maintained by injecting air into the silo 11 and the gas silo through the air compressor 171.

[0059] The silo 11 is connected to the gas silo 13 through a flexible high-pressure pipe 174. The silo 11 and the gas silo 13 are respectively installed with a first gas valve 172 and a second gas valve 173. By opening the first gas valve 172 and the second gas valve 173, high-pressure gas is respectively filled into the silo 11 and the gas silo 13 from the silo gas inlet 175 and the gas silo gas inlet 176, and the gas injection pressure is observed through the silo pressure gauge 177 and the gas silo pressure gauge 178.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the crushed ore is sorted into multiple groups of target minerals with different particle sizes divided by particle size intervals by cyclone sorting according to different particle sizes (here, a cyclone sorter type that can be understood and used by those skilled in the art for sorting according to particle size can be used, and no further details will be given here). Due to the cementation effect in the aforementioned crushing, in each particle size interval, there will be a dominant mineral type with a significantly higher grade or content of the material. In most actual production, it is only necessary to roughly screen out the dominant mineral type in each particle size interval. Therefore, based on the above-mentioned ore crushing structure 1 and sorting structure, the dominant ore in each particle size interval can be sorted out accordingly.

[0061] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to achieve a better sorting effect, the ore crushed by the ore crushing processing structure 1 can be further preliminarily screened in the screening structure 2 to obtain multiple groups of minerals in different particle size ranges. Each group of minerals is subsequently sorted based on density or the like to increase the content of the dominant ore in each particle size range.

[0062] Specifically, the screening here can be performed in a manner that can be understood and used by those skilled in the art. For example, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of sieve plates 21 can be sequentially arranged along the blasting direction of the ore, and the apertures of the sieve plates 21 are sequentially reduced, so that the crushed ore is intercepted in front of the corresponding sieve plates 21 according to the particle size range, and can be further collected and then enter the subsequent sorting structure for sorting.

[0063] The number of sieve plates 21 here can be selected according to actual needs, and only corresponding arrangements need to be made specifically according to the particle size range of the ore to be obtained. For example, three levels, four levels, five levels... or even twelve levels of sieve holes can be arranged here. For example, in a more specific embodiment, twelve levels of sieve holes are provided here. The particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the first-level sieve holes is 16 < d < 20 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the second-level sieve holes is 10 < d < 16 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the third-level sieve holes is 8 < d < 10 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the fourth-level sieve holes is 6 < d < 8 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the fifth-level sieve holes is 4 < d < 6 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the sixth-level sieve holes is 2 < d < 4 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the seventh-level sieve holes is 1 < d < 2 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the eighth-level sieve holes is 0.5 < d < 1 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the ninth-level sieve holes is 0.18 < d < 0.5 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the tenth-level sieve holes is 0.15 < d < 0.18 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the eleventh-level sieve holes is 0.074 < d < 0.15 mm; the particle size of the ore powder collected after screening by the twelfth-level sieve holes is d < 0.074 mm. It should be noted that this is only a specific example here, and the present invention is not limited thereto. In actual operation, generally, it is not necessary to set such a large number of levels of sieve holes. For example, as Figure 4A-4C shown, six levels of sieve holes are provided.

[0064] The above-mentioned crushing method is based on the principle of least action and utilizes the low viscosity of gas, which is easy to penetrate into the gaps between minerals. Therefore, it is relatively easy to achieve mineral dissociation. At the same time, there will be obvious differences in the cementing components and strengths between minerals. For example, there are siliceous cementation, calcareous cementation, ferruginous cementation, argillaceous cementation, etc. Often, between two fixed minerals, the cementing type is relatively fixed. Therefore, using the same cementing type will produce a specific combination of mineral particle sizes. Thus, after crushing the various minerals in the tailings by using this crushing method, the corresponding dominant ore types can be selectively screened out within different particle size ranges, which is more convenient for subsequent separation.

[0065] Although there are specific types of dominant minerals in each group of particle size minerals after crushing and sieving in the above manner, generally there are more than one type of dominant minerals. Therefore, further sorting is performed here by a sorting structure (preferably, sorting can be further performed based on density). Furthermore, the sorting structure here is operated in a cyclone sorting manner. General cyclone sorting equipment can be used here, for example, conventional cyclone sorting equipment including gas storage tanks, T-tubes, cyclone separators, spiral tubes, pressure regulating valves and other equipment that can be understood by those skilled in the art. Of course, in the present invention, in order to better carry out targeted processing and sorting and collection, the following structure can be further adopted here:

[0066] Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the sorting structure includes a distribution cylinder 31 (formed into a cylindrical portion 311 and a conical portion 312 from top to bottom, and the diameter of the end of the conical portion 312 away from the cylindrical portion 311 is smaller than the diameter of the end close to the cylindrical portion 311, and the material swirls therein), a feed pipe 32 connected to the distribution cylinder 31 (which is located on the side wall close to the upper end of the distribution cylinder 31, connecting the screening structure 2 and the distribution cylinder 31, and is used to mix the crushed ore with water and then introduce it into the distribution cylinder 31), a water injection mixing piece 35 arranged in the feed pipe 32 at one end away from the distribution cylinder 31 (connected with the screening structure 2, used to provide fluid and mix minerals of different particle sizes with the fluid), and a gas injection piece 33 used to inject gas into the water injection mixing piece 35 and / or the feed pipe 32.

[0067] Furthermore, the lower end of the distributing tube 31 is open to form a sand settling port 313, and the upper end of the distributing tube 31 is penetrated by an outlet pipe 34 with one end located outside the distributing tube 31 and the other end located inside the distributing tube 31, and the end face of the outlet pipe 34 located inside the distributing tube 31 is located below the extension surface where the outlet of the feed pipe 32 is located. In such a setting, for two ores of different densities, during the cyclone process, the ore with a larger density is discharged through the sand settling port 313, and the ore with a smaller density is discharged through the outlet pipe 34, thereby completing the sorting and collection of multiple ores. For three or more types of ores, multiple corresponding separations can be further performed by setting a multi-stage distributing tube 31 (for example, multiple distributing tubes 31 can be connected in series).

[0068] In order to better achieve full mixing of ores of different particle sizes and water before injecting into the distribution barrel 31, the water injection mixing element 35 further comprises a mixing barrel 351 formed with a mixing cavity, a water injection pipe 352 connected to the mixing barrel 351, and a stirring element rotatably located in the mixing barrel 351; and the mixing barrel 351 is separated from the screening structure 2 and / or the feeding pipe 32 by a valve 353 that can be opened or closed. More preferably, in order to better achieve multi-position mixing, the stirring element comprises a main rotating shaft 354, and a plurality of driven stirring shafts 355 circumferentially connected to the main rotating shaft 354.

[0069] Further, in order to further avoid the problem of frequent equipment shutdown caused by the switching of sorting operation of each group of minerals with different particle sizes, each group of minerals with different particle sizes is collected by the corresponding material collecting pipe 22, each material collecting pipe 22 is connected to the mixing barrel 351, and a valve 353 is provided between each material collecting pipe 22 and the mixing barrel 351. Further, the gas injection part 33 is connected to the mixing barrel 351. More preferably, the gas injection part 33 includes a gas injection pipe, and a plurality of gas injection nozzles connected to the gas injection pipe arranged around the mixing barrel 351. It should be noted that the material collecting pipe 22 on each group of minerals with different particle sizes does not need to be connected to the mixing barrel 351. In some cases, if different minerals in the corresponding particle size interval do not need to be further sorted, they can be directly collected. Therefore, the material collecting pipe 22 here can be further arranged to be detachably connected to the mixing barrel 351. The detachable connection setting method here can be used in a way that can be understood and used by those skilled in the art, and will not be elaborated here.

[0070] Furthermore, in actual use, when one of the distribution and collection pipes 22 is fed into the mixing barrel 351 with crushed ore and then injected, mixed and sorted, in order to further avoid the influence of the water-containing ore remaining in the distribution barrel 31 and the mixing barrel 351 on the sorting of ore in other particle size intervals subsequently introduced, all the distribution and collection pipes 22 can be closed after each operation is completed, and only clean water is injected into the mixing barrel 351 through the water injection pipe 352, thereby completing the cleaning of the mixing barrel 351 and the distribution barrel 31. After the cleaning is completed, the distribution and collection pipe 22 corresponding to the ore in one of the particle size intervals is opened again, and then the corresponding sorting operation is performed for the second time. By analogy, the sorting of multiple groups of ores in multiple different particle size intervals is completed. This method makes the entire sorting process a continuous process, and there is no need for additional cleaning or replacement and cleaning of the tube body, etc., which further improves the overall operation efficiency.

[0071] Through the above arrangement, in actual operation, effective mixing of minerals with different particle sizes and water can be achieved in the mixing barrel 351, and a certain pressure can be further introduced therein by means of gas injection, so as to obtain the desired target minerals after cyclone separation.

[0072] In another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a classification, screening and collection method is also provided. Figure 5 As shown, specifically including:

[0073] S100, adding ore containing specific high-value minerals into the silo from the feed port, placing a piston at the feed port, and connecting the gas silo and the silo through a high-pressure pipe;

[0074] S200, install explosion-proof disks with explosive parts attached, and install a head at the silo outlet;

[0075] S300, respectively connect pressure gauges (including a silo pressure gauge and a silo pressure gauge) and control valves (including a first gas valve and a second gas valve) to the gas injection ports of the silo and the gas silo, and respectively connect them to air compressors (i.e., air compressors);

[0076] S400, introducing high-pressure gas into the gas bin and the material bin respectively to a preset value through an air compressor;

[0077] S500, detonate the explosive component and break the explosion-proof disk;

[0078] S600. Under the action of the pressure difference, the high-pressure gas in the gas bin pushes the ore to be processed and crushed through the piston, and the ore to be processed and crushed is ejected from the bin and enters the collection bin;

[0079] S700, the collecting bin screens and collects the processed and crushed ore step by step through the screening structure;

[0080] S800, injecting water into the obtained material so that the volume ratio of the material to the water is 1:9;

[0081] S900, carry out mineral separation experiments through cyclone separation device, and obtain target minerals by adjusting the pipeline gas injection pressure.

[0082] The present invention fills high-pressure gas into the silo 11 and the gas silo 13 respectively through the air compressor 171. After the explosion-proof plate 6 located at the end of the silo 11 is broken, the ore that has been saturated with high-pressure gas is quickly ejected and broken into mineral powders of different particle sizes under the condition of high-pressure gas pushing.

[0083] Furthermore, the difference between the preset pressure value in the silo and the preset pressure value in the gas silo is not greater than 5 MPa.

[0084] The present invention further takes a specific ore powder after crushing in the range of 4-20 mm as an example. First, the material composition and mass percentage of the ore powder of 6 groups of particle sizes are analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (the results are shown in FIG. Figure 4A-4C As shown, Figure 4A Corresponding to TiO 2 , Figure 4B Corresponding to K 2 Oh, Figure 4C Corresponding to Na 2 O), and found that the target minerals with higher value in the mineral powder are TiO 2 , K 2 O、Na 2 O, of which TiO 2 , K 2 O is relatively concentrated in the 4-8 mm range, among which TiO 2 Content 0.4-0.5%, K 2 O content 1.5-2.0%. Na 2 O is relatively concentrated in the 16-20 mm range, and Na 2 The O content is 0.5-0.8%, the particle size increases from small to large, and the mass content gradually increases.

[0085] Based on the above test, further analysis and processing are carried out: in the small particle size range, TiO 2 , K 2 O is relatively dominant ore, while in the large particle size range, Na 2 O is more advantageous. It should be noted that in actual application, the distinction between ores does not need to be overly precise, as long as the proportion of the dominant ore can reach a certain range. Therefore, by distinguishing the particle size here, Na, which is obviously dominant in the large particle size range, can be distinguished. 2 O is separated, and since the other two ores account for a small proportion, the ores in the large particle size range screened by the particle size can be directly used as Na 2 O superior ore for subsequent use. In the small particle size range, due to the TiO 2 The density is the largest and is significantly greater than K 2 O and Na 2 O, therefore, TiO 2 From K 2 O and Na 2 O is separated from the mixture. The remaining K 2 O and Na 2 As can be seen from O, K 2O content has obvious advantages. As mentioned above, in the production process, there is no need to accurately distinguish the mixture. It is only necessary to ensure that the proportion of the dominant ore reaches a certain range. Obviously, after cyclone separation, K 2 O and Na 2 In the mixed ore of O, K 2 The O content has a clear advantage, so no further distinction is made here.

[0086] The present invention can roughly classify and collect the advantageous ores in the tailings by using an integrated device in a relatively simple manner, and has a good application effect in actual production. The entire operation process is relatively simple and the operation cost is relatively low, which provides a favorable way for the further utilization of the tailings.

[0087] Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in ores, characterized in that: include: An ore crushing and processing structure (1) is used to crush the ore; The sorting structure is used to sort the crushed ore to obtain target minerals classified by particle size range and / or density; wherein, The separation structure adds fluid to the crushed ore and then performs cyclone separation on the mixed material after the fluid is added; The classification, screening and collection device further comprises a screening structure (2), wherein the screening structure (2) is connected to the ore crushing and processing structure (1) and is used to screen the crushed ore into a plurality of groups of primary screening minerals according to different particle sizes; The sorting structure is used to sort each group of the primary screening minerals in the same particle size range to obtain the classified target minerals; The sorting structure comprises a material distribution cylinder (31), a material inlet pipe (32) connected to the material distribution cylinder (31), a water injection and mixing component (35) arranged at an end of the material inlet pipe (32) away from the material distribution cylinder (31), and a gas injection component (33) for injecting gas into the water injection and mixing component (35) and / or the material inlet pipe (32); wherein: The water injection mixing element (35) is in communication with the screening structure (2) and is used to provide fluid and mix the mineral with the fluid; The feed pipe (32) is connected to a side wall located near the upper end of the material distributing tube (31); The material distributing cylinder (31) is formed into a cylindrical portion (311) and a conical portion (312) in sequence from top to bottom, and the diameter of an end of the conical portion (312) away from the cylindrical portion (311) is smaller than the diameter of an end close to the cylindrical portion (311); The lower end of the material distributing cylinder (31) is open to form a sand settling port (313), and an outlet pipe (34) is provided through the upper end of the material distributing cylinder (31), one end of which is located outside the material distributing cylinder (31) and the other end of which is located inside the material distributing cylinder (31), and the end surface of the end of the outlet pipe (34) located inside the material distributing cylinder (31) is located below the extension surface where the outlet of the material inlet pipe (32) is located; The water-injection mixing element (35) comprises a mixing barrel (351) formed with a mixing chamber, a water-injection pipe (352) connected to the mixing barrel (351), and a stirring element rotatably located in the mixing barrel (351); and The mixing cylinder (351) is separated from the screening structure (2) and / or the feeding pipe (32) by a valve (353) that can be opened or closed; The stirring member comprises a main rotating shaft (354) and a plurality of driven stirring shafts (355) circumferentially connected to the main rotating shaft (354).

2. A device for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ore crushing and processing structure (1) adopts high-pressure blasting to perform processing; The ore crushing and processing structure (1) comprises a silo (11) for placing ore, a gas silo (13) separated from a feed port of the silo (11) by a movable piston (12), a collecting silo (14) separated from a discharge port of the silo (11) by an explosive assembly that can be explosively arranged, and a gas supply unit for supplying high-pressure gas to the silo (11) and the gas silo (13); The high-pressure gas in the gas bin (13) is used to provide a propulsion force to the piston (12), and the high-pressure gas in the silo (11) is used to penetrate the ore.

3. A device for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in ores according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The sub-screening structure (2) comprises a plurality of screen plates (21) which are sequentially extended along the ore blasting direction, and the apertures of the screen holes on the plurality of screen plates (21) decrease sequentially along the ore blasting direction.

4. A device for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in ores according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Minerals of each group of particle size intervals are collected through corresponding material distribution and collection pipes (22), each of the material distribution and collection pipes (22) is connected to the mixing barrel (351), and the valve (353) is provided between each of the material distribution and collection pipes (22) and the mixing barrel (351).

5. A device for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in ores according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gas injection component (33) is connected to the mixing cylinder (351); The gas injection component (33) comprises a gas injection pipe and a plurality of gas injection nozzles arranged around the mixing barrel (351) and connected to the gas injection pipe.

6. A method for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in ores, characterized in that: Using the classification, screening and collection device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the classification, screening and collection method comprises: S100, adding the ore to be processed into the ore crushing and processing structure and crushing it; S200, adding fluid to the crushed mineral, and performing cyclone separation on the mineral after the fluid is added to obtain target minerals classified by particle size and / or density.

7. A method for classifying, screening and collecting minerals in ores according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step S100 also includes screening the crushed ore to form multiple groups of minerals with different particle size ranges; After screening, the multiple groups of minerals are separated by cyclone separation; In step S200, the volume ratio of each group of minerals to fluid is 1:7-12.

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