Straw crushing device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of crop straw cutting and crushing, and specifically provides a straw crushing device, including a shell and a crushing assembly, wherein the crushing assembly is arranged in the shell, and the crushing assembly includes a rotating shaft, a cutting unit, an adjusting mechanism and a first driving mechanism. When the straw is loaded into the crushing chamber, the cutting unit can be driven by the adjusting mechanism to be in an avoidance posture, so that the first blade and the second blade are retracted in the receiving groove, so that the first blade will not interfere with the landing of the straw, and the straw can smoothly land at the bottom and be stacked layer by layer in the crushing chamber. With such an arrangement, more straw can be loaded without changing the volume of the crushing chamber, which helps to improve the straw crushing efficiency. When the straw is loaded, the adjusting mechanism switches the cutting unit to the cutting posture, and the first driving mechanism drives the rotating shaft to rotate, driving the first blade and the second blade to cut and crush the straw in the crushing chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of straw cutting and crushing, and in particular relates to a straw crushing device. Background Art

[0002] Straw is a general term for hay, grass stalks or the like. Common straws include corn straw, sorghum straw, peanut straw and wheat straw. Straw is the main by-product of crops and a multi-purpose renewable biological resource. The traditional way of dealing with straw is direct burning, which not only wastes resources, but also causes carbon emissions during the burning process, and the smoke generated during the burning will also pollute the environment. In order to improve the efficiency of resource utilization, there is a more environmentally friendly way of utilizing straw in the prior art, that is, crushing the straw to make biomass fuel. Biomass fuel is a new type of clean fuel in block or granular form, which is obtained by mixing, drying and extruding straw and other raw materials as the main raw materials.

[0003] Cutting and crushing straw is the basic work of making biomass fuel from straw. During the crushing process, a crusher is used to cut the straw into straw particles of appropriate size for later pressing and molding. During the crushing operation, the straw needs to be placed in the crushing chamber of the crusher. Since the straw itself is long and the straw is blocked by the crushing cutter inside the crushing chamber when falling, the straw usually cannot fall to the bottom smoothly, affecting the filling of the straw, resulting in the crushing chamber being unable to fill more materials and low crushing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a straw crushing device, aiming to solve the problem that the cutters inside the crusher in the prior art affect the filling of straw.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a straw crushing device, comprising:

[0006] The housing has a crushing chamber, the upper portion of the crushing chamber is formed with a feed inlet, the lower portion is formed with a discharge port, and the movable cover of the discharge port is provided with a discharge sealing plate; and

[0007] A crushing assembly comprises a rotating shaft, a cutting unit, an adjusting mechanism and a first driving mechanism, wherein the rotating shaft is vertically arranged in the crushing chamber, the first driving mechanism is arranged in the housing and is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, a receiving groove is provided on the side wall of the rotating shaft from top to bottom, the cutting unit comprises a first blade and a second blade, the first blade and the second blade are arranged from top to bottom and are hinged end to end, wherein the upper end of the first blade is slidably matched with the receiving groove, and the lower end of the second blade is hinged with the rotating shaft; or, the upper end of the first blade is hinged with the rotating shaft, and the lower end of the second blade is slidably matched with the receiving groove;

[0008] The cutting unit has an avoidance posture and a cutting posture. When in the avoidance posture, the first blade and the second blade are connected as a straight line and accommodated in the accommodating groove. When in the cutting posture, the first blade and the second blade cross each other. The adjustment mechanism is arranged on the rotating shaft, and is used to drive the upper end of the first blade or the lower end of the second blade to move up and down along the accommodating groove, so that the cutting unit switches between the avoidance posture and the cutting posture.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of the accommodating grooves along its circumference, and a plurality of the cutting units and the accommodating grooves are provided correspondingly.

[0010] In a possible implementation, a plurality of the pulverizing assemblies are provided, and the plurality of the pulverizing assemblies are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the straw, and the cutting units of two adjacent pulverizing assemblies are staggered in the up-and-down direction.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the straw crushing device also includes a loading and conveying assembly, which includes a conveyor, and the conveyor is inclined in the up and down directions. The upper end of the conveyor is the discharging end, and the discharging end of the conveyor is located above the feed port. The conveying direction of the conveyor is perpendicular to the length direction of the straw.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the conveying surface of the conveyor is provided with a plurality of supporting racks at equal intervals along its circumference, the supporting racks are arranged along the length direction of the straw, and the supporting racks protrude from the conveying surface of the conveyor.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the support frame includes:

[0014] A shaping plate, which is arranged perpendicular to the conveying surface of the conveyor and extends along the length direction of the straw, and has a plurality of sieve holes penetrating the thickness direction of the shaping plate;

[0015] A guide plate is arranged behind the shaping plate along the material conveying direction, and the guide plate is arranged obliquely downward along the length direction of the straw to form a guide surface for the object to slide downward; and

[0016] A plurality of connecting strips connected between the guide plate and the shaping plate along the length direction of the shaping plate;

[0017] The feeding conveying assembly further comprises a vibration mechanism, and the vibration mechanism is arranged on the conveyor.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the straw crushing device also includes an extruder, which includes a loading platform and an extrusion mechanism. The loading platform is arranged on one side of the conveyor along the length direction of the straw, and the extrusion mechanism is arranged on the side of the loading platform adjacent to the conveyor and located above the feed side of the conveyor. The extrusion mechanism includes two pressure rollers arranged opposite to each other up and down and a second driving mechanism, and the second driving mechanism is used to drive the pressure rollers to rotate relative to each other.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the extruder further includes a cutting mechanism, which includes a guillotine provided on a discharge side of the extrusion mechanism and a lifting mechanism for driving the guillotine to move vertically.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the straw pulverizing device further includes a material guiding mechanism, and the material guiding mechanism includes:

[0021] a material guide plate rotatably disposed on the housing and located above the feed inlet, wherein the axis of the material guide plate is parallel to the length direction of the straw; and

[0022] The third driving mechanism is arranged on the housing and is used for driving the guide plate to rotate around its own axis.

[0023] In a possible implementation, a material collecting funnel is provided above the feed port, the bottom of the material collecting funnel is connected to the feed port, and the material guide plate is provided in the material collecting funnel; when the material guide plate rotates to a horizontal posture, the material guide plate and the material collecting funnel enclose a pre-feeding cavity.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the straw crushing device provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The straw crushing device provided by the present invention comprises a shell and a crushing assembly, wherein the crushing assembly is arranged in the shell, and the crushing assembly comprises a rotating shaft, a cutting unit, an adjusting mechanism and a first driving mechanism. When the straw is loaded into the crushing chamber, the cutting unit can be driven by the adjusting mechanism to be in an avoidance posture, so that the first blade and the second blade are retracted in the receiving groove, so that the first blade will not interfere with the landing of the straw, and the straw can smoothly land at the bottom and be stacked layer by layer in the crushing chamber. With such an arrangement, more straw can be loaded without changing the volume of the crushing chamber, which helps to improve the efficiency of straw crushing. When the straw is loaded, the adjusting mechanism switches the cutting unit to the cutting posture, and the first driving mechanism drives the rotating shaft to rotate, driving the first blade and the second blade to cut and crush the straw in the crushing chamber. After the crushing is completed, the discharging sealing plate is opened for discharging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a straw crushing device provided in one embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a straw crushing device provided in one embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a straw crushing device provided in one embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a crushing assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a straw crushing device provided in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a straw crushing device according to another embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of the middle A part;

[0033] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an extruder and a conveyor in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a straw crushing device according to another embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0035] Description of reference numerals:

[0036] 1. Straw crushing device; 10. Shell; 11. Crushing chamber; 12. Feeding port; 13. Discharging sealing plate; 14. Collecting funnel; 20. Crushing assembly; 21. Rotating shaft; 211. Accommodating slot; 22. Cutting unit; 221. First blade; 222. Second blade; 23. Adjusting mechanism; 24. First driving mechanism; 30. Feeding and conveying assembly; 31. Conveyor; 32. Supporting rack; 321. Shaping plate; 322. Guide plate; 323. Connecting strip; 33. Vibrating mechanism; 40. Extruder; 41. Loading platform; 42. Extruding mechanism; 43. Cutting mechanism; 431. Guillotine; 432. Lifting mechanism; 50. Guide mechanism; 51. Guide plate; 52. Third driving mechanism; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to", "fixed" or "fixedly disposed" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" or "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. When an element is referred to as being "set to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. "Multiple" refers to two or more quantities. "At least one" refers to one or more quantities. "Several" refers to one or more quantities.

[0039] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0040] Please also read Figures 1 to 9 , the straw crushing device 1 provided in an embodiment of the present invention is described below.

[0041] See also Figures 1 to 4The embodiment of the present invention provides a straw crushing device 1, comprising a shell 10 and a crushing assembly 20 arranged in the shell 10, the shell 10 has a crushing chamber 11, the upper part of the crushing chamber 11 is formed with a feed inlet 12, the lower part is formed with a discharge port, and the movable cover of the discharge port is provided with a discharge sealing plate 13; the crushing assembly 20 comprises a rotating shaft 21, a cutting unit 22, an adjusting mechanism 23 and a first driving mechanism 24, the rotating shaft 21 is vertically arranged in the crushing chamber 11, the first driving mechanism 24 is arranged in the shell 10, and is used to drive the rotating shaft 21 to rotate, and the side wall of the rotating shaft 21 is provided with a receiving groove 211 from top to bottom, and the cutting unit 22 comprises a first blade 221 and a second blade 222, the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 are arranged from top to bottom and are hinged head to tail, and one of the upper end of the first blade 221 or the lower end of the second blade 222 slides with the receiving groove 211 The first blade 221 and the second blade 222 are movably matched, wherein the other is hinged to the rotating shaft 21, and the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 have two setting forms, specifically, the upper end of the first blade is slidably matched with the accommodating groove, and the lower end of the second blade is hinged to the rotating shaft; or, the upper end of the first blade is hinged to the rotating shaft, and the lower end of the second blade is slidably matched with the accommodating groove; the cutting unit 22 has an avoidance posture and a cutting posture. When in the avoidance posture, the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 are connected as a straight line and accommodated in the accommodating groove 211. When in the cutting posture, the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 cross each other (such as 60°, 90°, 100°, etc.), and the adjustment mechanism 23 is arranged on the rotating shaft 21, which is used to drive the upper end of the first blade 221 or the lower end of the second blade 222 to move along the accommodating groove 211, so that the cutting unit 22 switches between the avoidance posture and the cutting posture.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the straw crushing device 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] The straw crushing device 1 provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises a housing 10 and a crushing assembly 20, wherein the crushing assembly 20 is arranged in the housing 10, and the crushing assembly 20 comprises a rotating shaft 21, a cutting unit 22, an adjusting mechanism 23 and a first driving mechanism 24. When the straw is loaded into the crushing chamber 11, the cutting unit 22 can be driven by the adjusting mechanism 23 to be in an avoidance posture, so that the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 are retracted in the receiving groove 211, so that the first blade 221 will not interfere with the landing of the straw, and the straw can smoothly land at the bottom and be stacked layer by layer in the crushing chamber 11. In this way, without changing the volume of the crushing chamber 11, more straw can be loaded, which helps to improve the efficiency of straw crushing. When the straw is loaded, the adjusting mechanism 23 switches the cutting unit 22 to the cutting posture, and the first driving mechanism 24 drives the rotating shaft 21 to rotate, driving the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 to cut and crush the straw in the crushing chamber 11.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present invention, the shell 10 can be a shell structure of a rectangular, cylindrical, funnel-shaped or other shapes, and the shell 10 can be made by stamping or welding a steel plate. A crushing chamber 11 is formed inside the shell 10. When in use, the straw is loaded into the crushing chamber 11, and the high-speed cutting unit 22 is used to cut and crush the straw into suitable particles, which is convenient for the subsequent pressing of biomass fuel. After the crushing is completed, the discharge sealing plate 13 is opened, and the straw is discharged from the discharge port. After the discharge is completed, the straw loading and crushing operations are performed again.

[0045] The feed port 12 is disposed at the upper portion of the pulverizing chamber 11 , which may be the top or the side wall of the housing 10 , and the discharge port is disposed at the lower portion of the pulverizing chamber 11 , which may be the bottom or the side wall.

[0046] It should be noted that the loading of straw can be manual loading. For large-scale operations, automatic loading is usually achieved with the help of conveying equipment (such as belt conveying equipment, chain plate conveying equipment), etc., which helps to save labor and improve work efficiency. The straw before crushing has generally been aired or dried and is in the form of hay. The straw crushing device provided by the present invention is applicable to but not limited to crushing sorghum straw, corn straw, wheat straw, peanut straw, sweet potato straw, etc.

[0047] The crushing assembly 20 includes a rotating shaft 21, a cutting unit 22, an adjusting mechanism 23 and a first driving mechanism 24. The rotating shaft 21 is a cylindrical shaft body. The first driving mechanism 24 can be set at the bottom of the housing 10. The first driving mechanism 24 includes a motor, a gear box and other structures, which are connected to the rotating shaft 21 in a transmission manner and can drive the rotating shaft 21 to rotate at a high speed. One or more crushing assemblies 20 can be set as needed. Multiple crushing assemblies 20 do not interfere with each other when working, and no knife collision occurs. Multiple crushing assemblies 20 can drive the rotating shaft 21 to rotate synchronously through gear transmission, chain transmission, belt transmission and other methods, or multiple independent motors can be used to drive the rotating shaft 21 to rotate separately.

[0048] The cutting unit 22 includes a first blade 221 and a second blade 222. The structures of the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 can be the same or different. The thickness of the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 is less than the depth of the accommodating groove 211 so that they can be accommodated in the accommodating groove 211 to avoid the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 interfering with the falling of the straw.

[0049] During operation, the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 rotate together with the rotating shaft 21. The first blade 221 and the second blade 222 are hinged at the head and tail, and one of the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 is hinged to the rotating shaft 21, and the other is connected to the adjustment mechanism 23. The adjustment mechanism 23 can drive it to slide up and down along the accommodating groove 211, so that the first blade 221 and the second blade 222 can switch between the avoidance posture and the cutting posture.

[0050] The adjustment mechanism 23 can be arranged inside the rotating shaft 21 or on the side wall of the rotating shaft 21. The adjustment mechanism 23 can be a vertically arranged electric telescopic rod, a pneumatic telescopic rod, etc., having a telescopic end hinged to the upper end of the first blade 221 or the lower end of the second blade 222. The telescopic end can extend or contract to drive the upper end of the first blade 221 or the lower end of the second blade 222 to slide up and down. Alternatively, a connecting rod or other components for transmitting power can be further arranged between the telescopic end of the adjustment mechanism 23 and the first blade 221 or the second blade 222.

[0051] In order to prevent the rotating shaft 21 from affecting the falling of the straw, the rotating shaft 21 can be made of a cylindrical material with a relatively smooth surface (such as a stainless steel rod, a stainless steel tube, etc.), and the top of the rotating shaft 21 is designed to be a spherical or hemispherical surface. The rotating shaft 21 can be set in the middle position of the crushing chamber 11, and the straw falls on both sides of the rotating shaft 21 when filling.

[0052] See also Figures 1 to 4 In some possible embodiments, the rotating shaft 21 is provided with a plurality of accommodating grooves 211 along its circumference, and a plurality of cutting units 22 and accommodating grooves 211 are provided correspondingly. The plurality of cutting units 22 on the same rotating shaft 21 can switch postures synchronously and can be driven by the same adjustment mechanism 23, which helps to simplify the number of parts and make the overall structure more compact.

[0053] See also Figures 1 to 4 In some possible embodiments, a plurality of crushing assemblies 20 are provided, and the plurality of crushing assemblies 20 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the straw, and the cutting units 22 of two adjacent crushing assemblies 20 are staggered in the up-and-down direction.

[0054] In this embodiment, the crushing chamber 11 is rectangular, and the length direction of the crushing chamber 11 is parallel to the length direction of the straw. This shape is suitable for crushing long straws such as corn straws and sorghum straws. There are multiple crushing assemblies 20, and the multiple crushing assemblies 20 are arranged in a row. When the straw is filled, it will fall on both sides of the crushing assembly 20. Figure 3 As shown, when the crushing assembly 20 is in a cutting posture, in order to avoid blade interference and collision, the blades of adjacent cutting units 22 are staggered up and down, and the cutting units 22 of two adjacent crushing assemblies 20 partially overlap in their own radial direction, which helps to improve the crushing efficiency and crushing effect.

[0055] See also Figures 6 to 9In some possible embodiments, the straw crushing device 1 also includes a feeding conveying component 30, and the feeding conveying component 30 includes a conveyor 31, and the conveyor 31 is inclined in the up and down directions. The upper end of the conveyor 31 is the discharging end, and the discharging end of the conveyor 31 is located above the feed port 12, and the conveying direction of the conveyor 31 is perpendicular to the length direction of the straw.

[0056] In this embodiment, the feeding conveying assembly 30 is used for automatic feeding and conveying of straw, and the straw falls into the crushing chamber 11 from the discharge end of the conveyor 31. The conveyor 31 can be a belt conveyor device, a chain plate conveyor device, etc. It should be noted that in order to facilitate the neat entry of the long straw into the crushing chamber 11, it is necessary to ensure that the direction of the straw placed on the conveyor 31 is along the direction of the conveyor 31. Figure 6 The length direction of the straw is shown.

[0057] See also Figures 6 to 9 In some possible embodiments, the conveying surface of the conveyor 31 is provided with a plurality of support racks 32 at equal intervals along its circumference, and the support racks 32 are arranged along the length direction of the straw. The support racks 32 protrude from the conveying surface of the conveyor 31, and a straw accommodating space is formed between two adjacent support racks 32.

[0058] In this embodiment, the support frame 32 is used to support the straw. Figure 6 The length direction of the straw is set to limit the posture of the straw. By setting the support frame 32, when the straw is transported to the discharge end, the straw abuts against the support frame 32 below, which helps to ensure that the straw is as shown in FIG. Figure 6 The straw is transported in the length direction and finally smoothly enters the crushing chamber, which is conducive to sufficient filling of the straw.

[0059] Considering that the straw may contain stones and other substances, the stones will cause the blade to wear more and the cutting edge to break. To solve the problem of stones in the straw, please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7In some possible embodiments, the support frame 32 includes a shaping plate 321, a guide plate 322 and a connecting strip 323. The shaping plate 321 is arranged perpendicular to the conveying surface of the conveyor 31 and extends along the length direction of the straw. The shaping plate 321 has a plurality of sieve holes penetrating the thickness direction of the shaping plate 321 on one side thereof that is attached to the conveying surface of the conveyor. The plurality of sieve holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the shaping plate 321. The guide plate 322 is arranged behind the shaping plate 321 along the material conveying direction. The guide plate 322 is arranged obliquely downward along the length direction of the straw to form a guiding surface for objects to slide downward. The plurality of connecting strips 323 are connected between the guide plate 322 and the shaping plate 321 along the length direction of the shaping plate 321. The feeding conveying assembly 30 also includes a vibration mechanism 33, which is arranged on the conveyor 31 and is used to apply vibration to the conveyor 31 or the conveying member (chain plate or conveyor belt) of the conveyor 31. The vibration force applied by the vibration mechanism 33 is in the up-down direction or in the direction perpendicular to the conveying surface.

[0060] In this embodiment, the vibration mechanism 33 can be a vibration motor or other power equipment capable of generating vibration. The vibration mechanism 33 acts on the conveyor 31 body or one of the conveyor chain plates or conveyor belts, and its function is to transmit vibration force to the straw on the conveyor 31, so that the stones mixed in the straw can slide through the sieve holes on the shaping plate 321. The vibration mechanism 33 can directly select existing cam vibration mechanisms, vibration motors and other products on the market, and one or more vibration mechanisms 33 can be set as needed. When there are multiple vibration mechanisms 33, multiple vibration mechanisms 33 are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction, and can continuously apply vibration force to the straw when it is being fed and conveyed.

[0061] In this embodiment, the support frame 32 is composed of a shaping plate 321, a guide plate 322 and a connecting strip 323. The above parts can be combined into one by welding, screw connection, etc. The support frame 32 is fixed on the conveying surface of the belt conveyor equipment or the conveying chain plate of the chain plate conveyor equipment. On the one hand, it can support the straw to ensure the correct posture of the straw. On the other hand, the stones vibrated out of the straw fall onto the guide plate 322 through the sieve holes. Since the guide plate 322 is an inclined surface, the stones roll or slide along the inclined plate of the guide plate 322 under the dual effects of gravity and vibration force, thereby screening out the stones.

[0062] See also Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9In some possible embodiments, the straw crushing device 1 further includes an extruder 40, which includes a loading platform 41, an extrusion mechanism 42, and a second driving mechanism. The loading platform 41 is arranged on one side of the conveyor 31 along the length direction of the straw, and the extrusion mechanism 42 is arranged on the side of the loading platform 41 adjacent to the conveyor 31 and located above the feeding side of the conveyor 31. The extrusion mechanism 42 includes two rollers arranged opposite to each other up and down, and the second driving mechanism is used to drive the rollers to rotate relative to each other. The second driving mechanism can be a motor, a hydraulic rotary motor, etc., which drives the two rollers to rotate relative to each other through a transmission structure such as a gear and a chain to complete the extrusion of the straw.

[0063] In this embodiment, the extruder 40 is used to perform preliminary extrusion on the straw so that the fluffy straw after drying is preliminarily compacted to reduce the volume of the straw. When in use, the worker places the straw on the loading platform 41, and the pair of pressing rollers of the extrusion mechanism 42 rotates to transport the straw to the discharge side and squeeze the straw. The preliminarily squeezed straw is transported to the top of the feed port 12 through the conveyor 31. The squeezed straw has a smaller volume and a higher density, which makes it easier for the crushing chamber 11 to accommodate more straw. More straw is crushed in a single crushing operation, and the crushing efficiency is improved.

[0064] See also Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 In some possible embodiments, the extruder 40 further includes a cutting mechanism 43, which includes a guillotine 431 disposed on the discharge side of the extrusion mechanism 42, and a lifting mechanism 432 for driving the guillotine 431 to move vertically.

[0065] In this embodiment, a chopper 431 is arranged on the discharge side of the extruder 40. The chopper 431 is driven down by a lifting mechanism 432 (such as a cylinder, an electric telescopic rod, a hydraulic rod, etc.), and can chop off excessively long straw (such as sorghum straw). The chopped straw falls to the feed end of the conveyor below, ensuring that the length of the conveyed straw is within an appropriate range, facilitating the straw to enter the crushing chamber 11.

[0066] See also Figure 5 and Fig. 9 In some possible embodiments, the straw crushing device 1 also includes a material guiding mechanism 50, which includes a material guiding plate 51 and a third driving mechanism 52. The material guiding plate 51 is rotatably disposed on the outer shell 10 and is located above the feed port 12. The axis of the material guiding plate 51 is parallel to the length direction of the straw; the third driving mechanism 52 is disposed on the outer shell 10, and is used to drive the material guiding plate 51 to rotate around its own axis.

[0067] In this embodiment, the guide plate 51 is rotatably arranged above the feed port 12, and the guide plate 51 is used to guide the feeding of the straw, so that the straw falls to the left and right sides of the rotating shaft 21, which is convenient for orderly loading of the straw. The guide plate 51 can be a stainless steel plate, and the axis of the guide plate 51 is located above the rotating shaft 21, and the axial direction of the guide plate 51 is parallel to the length direction of the straw. When in use, the inclination angle of the guide plate 51 is adjusted by the third driving mechanism 52 (such as a rotating driving member such as a motor) to form a guide inclined surface, and the straw falling on the guide plate 51 can slide along the inclined surface to the corresponding side. By setting the guide mechanism 50, the straw can be loaded on both sides of the rotating shaft 21, which is convenient for increasing the loading amount.

[0068] See also Fig. 9 In some possible embodiments, a collecting hopper 14 is provided above the feed inlet 12, the bottom of the collecting hopper 14 is connected to the feed inlet 12, and a guide plate 51 is provided in the collecting hopper 14; when the guide plate 51 rotates to a horizontal posture, the guide plate 51 and the side wall of the collecting hopper 14 enclose a pre-feeding cavity. The guide plate 51 has an inclined guiding posture and a horizontal storage posture. The inclined guiding posture has two inclination angles, which are used to make the straw fall to the two sides of the rotating shaft 21.

[0069] When the feeding is completed, the third driving mechanism 52 can drive the guide plate 51 to rotate to the horizontal state. When the guide plate 51 is horizontal, it can cover the top of the feed port 12, so that when crushing, it can prevent the straw fragments from splashing out of the feed port 12. In addition, the guide plate 51 in a horizontal posture and the side wall of the collecting funnel 14 are enclosed to form a pre-feeding chamber, which can accommodate a part of the straw. In this way, when crushing and discharging after crushing, the conveyor 31 can convey a part of the straw material to the pre-feeding chamber in advance. When the discharging is completed, the guide plate 51 is tilted to make the pre-stored straw material fall into the crushing chamber 11. This embodiment forms a pre-feeding chamber by the guide plate 51 and the collecting funnel 14, which can store straw materials in advance and help improve the straw filling efficiency.

[0070] It can be understood that the various parts in the above-mentioned embodiments can be freely combined or deleted to form different combination embodiments. The specific contents of each combination embodiment will not be repeated here. After this description, it can be considered that the specification of the present invention has recorded various combination embodiments and can support different combination embodiments.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw crushing device, characterized in that: include: The housing has a crushing chamber, the upper portion of the crushing chamber is formed with a feed inlet, the lower portion is formed with a discharge port, and the movable cover of the discharge port is provided with a discharge sealing plate; and A crushing assembly, comprising a rotating shaft, a cutting unit, an adjusting mechanism and a first driving mechanism, wherein the rotating shaft is vertically arranged in the crushing chamber, the first driving mechanism is arranged in the housing and is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, a side wall of the rotating shaft is provided with a receiving groove from top to bottom, the cutting unit comprises a first blade and a second blade, the first blade and the second blade are arranged from top to bottom and are hinged end to end; Wherein, the upper end of the first blade is slidably matched with the receiving slot, and the lower end of the second blade is hinged to the rotating shaft; or, the upper end of the first blade is hinged to the rotating shaft, and the lower end of the second blade is slidably matched with the receiving slot; The cutting unit has an avoidance posture and a cutting posture. When in the avoidance posture, the first blade and the second blade are connected in a straight line and accommodated in the accommodating groove. When in the cutting posture, the first blade and the second blade cross each other. The adjustment mechanism is arranged on the rotating shaft, and is used to drive the upper end of the first blade or the lower end of the second blade to move up and down along the accommodating groove, so that the cutting unit switches between the avoidance posture and the cutting posture. The crushing assemblies are provided in plurality, and the plurality of crushing assemblies are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the straw, and the cutting units of two adjacent crushing assemblies are arranged in a staggered manner in the vertical direction; The straw crushing device further includes a feeding conveying assembly, which includes a conveyor, the conveyor is arranged obliquely in the up-down direction, the upper end of the conveyor is a discharge end, the discharge end of the conveyor is located above the feed port, and the conveying direction of the conveyor is perpendicular to the length direction of the straw; The straw crushing device further comprises a material guiding mechanism, and the material guiding mechanism comprises: a material guide plate rotatably disposed on the housing and located above the feed inlet, wherein the axis of the material guide plate is parallel to the length direction of the straw; and A third driving mechanism, provided on the housing, for driving the guide plate to rotate around its own axis; A material collecting funnel is provided above the feed port, the bottom of the material collecting funnel is connected with the feed port, and the material guide plate is arranged in the material collecting funnel; when the material guide plate rotates to a horizontal posture, the material guide plate and the material collecting funnel enclose a pre-feeding cavity.

2. The straw crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of the accommodating grooves along its circumference, and a plurality of the cutting units and the accommodating grooves are provided correspondingly.

3. The straw crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying surface of the conveyor is provided with a plurality of supporting racks at equal intervals along its circumference, the supporting racks are arranged along the length direction of the straw, and the supporting racks protrude from the conveying surface of the conveyor.

4. The straw pulverizing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bracket comprises: A shaping plate is arranged perpendicular to the conveying surface of the conveyor and extends along the length direction of the straw, and the shaping plate has a plurality of sieve holes penetrating the thickness direction thereof; A guide plate is arranged behind the shaping plate along the material conveying direction, and the guide plate is arranged obliquely downward along the length direction of the straw to form a guide surface for the object to slide downward; and A connecting strip connected between the guide plate and the shaping plate along the length direction of the shaping plate; The feeding conveying assembly further comprises a vibration mechanism, and the vibration mechanism is arranged on the conveyor.

5. The straw pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw crushing device also includes an extruder, which includes a loading platform and an extrusion mechanism. The loading platform is arranged on one side of the conveyor along the length direction of the straw, and the extrusion mechanism is arranged on one side of the loading platform adjacent to the conveyor and located above the feeding side of the conveyor.

6. The straw pulverizing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The extruder further comprises a cutting mechanism, which comprises a guillotine provided on the discharge side of the extrusion mechanism and a lifting mechanism for driving the guillotine to move vertically.

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