A vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system and method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering sludge solidification, and in particular, relates to a vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system and method, wherein the system comprises an electroosmosis component, which is inserted in a reinforced sludge area and used to drive the water in the reinforced sludge area to flow from the anode to the cathode; an electrode conversion part, which is electrically connected to the electroosmosis component and used to switch the flow direction of the water in the electroosmosis component; a power supply part, which is electrically connected to the electrode conversion part; a vacuum membrane, which covers the surface of the reinforced sludge area; a drainage component, which is connected to the electroosmosis component and used to discharge the water flowing into the electroosmosis component; a grouting self-heating part, which is inserted in the reinforced sludge area and located in the action area of ​​the electroosmosis component, and is used to react chemically with water to improve the strength of the soil; and a pressure and temperature detection part, which is arranged in the reinforced sludge area. The device can change the direction of water flow and improve the uniformity of drying in the soil by setting the electrode conversion part, and improve the solidification strength of the soil by setting the grouting self-heating part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering sludge solidification, and in particular relates to a vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system and method. Background Art

[0002] Dredged sludge generally has the characteristics of high water content, high compressibility, low shear strength, and low direct utilization value. When dredged sludge is used to fill the foundation, measures are generally needed to dry it. Vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis is a method currently used in engineering to quickly dry dredged sludge. This method mainly uses vacuum preloading to reinforce the soft soil foundation in the early stage and discharge some free water in the pores of the soil; in the later stage, when the reinforcement effect of the vacuum preloading method gradually weakens, the electroosmosis method is used, and the vacuum pumping is not stopped at the same time to further discharge the water in the soil. However, the vacuum electroosmosis method has the following significant disadvantages: ① Due to the vacuum preloading combined with the cathode drainage of the electroosmosis method, the cathode vacuum negative pressure and the fine particles of soil brought by the water flow toward the cathode accumulate at the cathode, which reduces the permeability around the drainage board and blocks the drainage channel, resulting in poor drainage effect, especially a significant decrease in drainage capacity in the later stage; ② Electroosmosis drives the anode water flow, which has a significant effect on the drying of the anode soil, while the vacuum negative pressure mainly acts on the cathode, which has a significant effect on the drying of the anode soil, resulting in a large difference in the strength development of the soil in the two poles and the middle area. In addition, the effective action time of vacuum and electroosmosis is affected by multiple factors such as the drainage board, soil type, and electrode material. There is a certain difference in the strength of the two levels themselves, which further strengthens the uneven state of the strength of the soil after drying. Therefore, a vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system and method are urgently needed to solve it. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system and method to solve the above problems.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] A vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system, comprising:

[0006] An electroosmotic component is inserted in the reinforced bottom mud area and is used to drive the water in the reinforced bottom mud area to flow from the anode to the cathode, and the electroosmotic component is connected to the inside of the reinforced bottom mud area;

[0007] An electrode conversion unit, electrically connected to the electroosmotic component, for switching the flow direction of water in the electroosmotic component;

[0008] A power supply unit, electrically connected to the electrode conversion unit, for providing electric energy;

[0009] A vacuum membrane covering the surface of the reinforced bottom mud area;

[0010] A drainage component, connected to the electroosmotic component, for draining the water flowing into the electroosmotic component;

[0011] A grouting self-heating part, wherein a plurality of the grouting self-heating parts are provided and inserted in the reinforced bottom mud area;

[0012] The pressure and temperature detection unit is arranged in the reinforced bottom mud area.

[0013] Preferably, the electroosmosis component includes a plurality of first EKG drainage boards and a plurality of second EKG drainage boards, the plurality of first EKG drainage boards and the plurality of second EKG drainage boards are arranged at intervals, and the plurality of first EKG drainage boards and the plurality of second EKG drainage boards are electrically connected to the electrode conversion part through wires.

[0014] Preferably, the electrode conversion unit comprises a double-pole double-throw switch, the double-pole double-throw switch comprises a circuit A, a circuit B and a circuit C, and the switch is rotatably arranged on the circuit B;

[0015] The circuit B comprises a terminal b and a terminal b', the switch is rotatably arranged between the terminal b and the terminal b', the terminal b is used to be electrically connected to the anode of the power supply unit, and the terminal b' is used to be electrically connected to the cathode of the power supply unit;

[0016] The circuit A includes a terminal a and a terminal a', wherein the terminal a is used to be electrically connected to the first EKG drain board, and the terminal a' is used to be electrically connected to the second EKG drain board;

[0017] The circuit C includes a terminal c and a terminal c', wherein the terminal c is used to be electrically connected to the second EKG drain board, and the terminal c' is used to be electrically connected to the first EKG drain board.

[0018] Preferably, the power supply unit comprises a DC power supply, an anode of the DC power supply is electrically connected to the terminal b, and a cathode of the DC power supply is electrically connected to the terminal b'.

[0019] Preferably, the drainage assembly comprises a horizontal drainage pipe, the water inlet end of the horizontal drainage pipe is connected to the water outlet ends of a plurality of the first EKG drainage boards and a plurality of the second EKG drainage boards located in the same row;

[0020] The water outlet end of the horizontal drainage pipe in each of the reinforced bottom mud areas is connected to the water inlet end of the main pipe, and the water outlet end of the main pipe is connected to a vacuum pump.

[0021] Preferably, the grouting self-heating part is arranged between the first EKG drain board and the second EKG drain board;

[0022] The grouting self-heating part comprises a plurality of hollow steel pipes arranged side by side, and the hollow steel pipes are filled with calcium oxide powder;

[0023] The side wall of the hollow steel pipe is provided with a water-permeable hole for communicating with the reinforced bottom mud area;

[0024] Several hollow steel pipes in the same group are arranged close to the corresponding second EKG drainage board.

[0025] Preferably, the pressure and temperature detection unit includes a piezometer and a temperature probe, the piezometer and the temperature probe are buried in the corresponding reinforced bottom mud area, and the piezometer and the temperature probe are electrically connected to a monitoring instrument.

[0026] A vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification method, based on the above-mentioned vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system, comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: installing the electroosmosis assembly on the reinforced sediment area;

[0028] Step 2, drilling a hole in the reinforced bottom mud area and injecting sealing mud, and inserting the grouting self-heating part into the drill hole;

[0029] Step 3, connecting the electroosmotic component to the drainage component;

[0030] Step 4: electrically connecting the electroosmotic assembly to the electrode conversion unit, and electrically connecting the electrode conversion unit to the power supply unit;

[0031] Step 5: placing the pressure and temperature detection unit in the reinforced bottom mud area;

[0032] Step 6: Covering the surface of the reinforced bottom mud area with a vacuum portion;

[0033] Step 7, the electroosmosis component is energized through the electrode conversion unit to make the water in the reinforced sediment area flow from the anode to the cathode, and the drainage component is started to drain water;

[0034] Step 8, switching the electrodes of the electroosmotic assembly through the electrode conversion unit to change the flow direction of water;

[0035] Step nine, replenish the consumed grouting self-heating part, repeat steps seven to eight, and stop the pump and unload after the set conditions are met.

[0036] Preferably, in step 2, the weight of the calcium oxide powder filled in the hollow steel pipe is 1% of the weight of the soil to be treated in the reinforced sediment area.

[0037] Preferably, in the step eight, when the pressure-temperature detection unit detects that the temperature variation range of the reinforced bottom mud in the reinforced bottom mud area within 1 hour is less than 5%, the electrode conversion unit switches the electrode;

[0038] In the step nine, when the pressure and temperature detection unit detects that the pore pressure data changes within a range of less than 5% within 24 hours, the pump is stopped and unloaded.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0040] ①By burying a hollow steel pipe filled with calcium oxide powder around the electroosmotic cathode, the water collected by vacuum electroosmosis reacts chemically with the calcium oxide powder to generate a large amount of heat, thereby increasing the ambient temperature at the cathode of the soft soil to be reinforced, which is beneficial to reducing the viscosity coefficient of pore water at the cathode, so that the current intensity is significantly improved, and then the electroosmotic flow velocity is improved, which promotes the electroosmotic treatment effect and alleviates the clogging problem of vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis; ②The gas generated by the chemical reaction between the water collected by vacuum electroosmosis and the calcium oxide powder splits the soil, expands the pore channels of the soil, and provides a good path for the diffusion of water and slurry, further alleviating the clogging problem of vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis; ③The water collected by vacuum electroosmosis reacts chemically with the calcium oxide powder to generate calcium hydroxide slurry, which is uniformly diffused in the soil under the joint drive of vacuum electroosmosis, thereby cementing the soil particles and improving the strength of the soil; ④The electrode conversion and thermal effect can reduce the difference in the distribution of soil moisture content, further reduce the two-level moisture content of the soil, and improve the uniformity of the shear strength distribution of the soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor:

[0042] Figure 1 It is the front view of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 A top view of the present invention;

[0044] Among them, 1. The first EKG drain board; 2. The second EKG drain board; 3. The DC power supply; 4. The wire; 5. The double-pole double-throw switch; 6. The horizontal drain pipe; 7. The main pipe; 8. The vacuum pump; 9. The vacuum membrane; 10. The hollow steel pipe; 11. The calcium oxide powder; 12. The piezometer; 13. The temperature probe; 15. The reinforced bottom mud area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 2 The present invention discloses a vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system, comprising:

[0048] The electroosmotic component is inserted in the reinforced bottom mud area 15, and is used to drive the water in the reinforced bottom mud area 15 to flow from the anode to the cathode. The electroosmotic component is connected to the inside of the reinforced bottom mud area 15;

[0049] An electrode conversion unit, electrically connected to the electroosmotic component, for switching the flow direction of water in the electroosmotic component;

[0050] A power supply unit, electrically connected to the electrode conversion unit, for providing electric energy;

[0051] A vacuum membrane 9 covers the surface of the reinforced bottom mud area 15;

[0052] A drainage component, connected to the electroosmosis component, for draining the water flowing into the electroosmosis component;

[0053] Grouting self-heating parts, a plurality of grouting self-heating parts are provided and inserted in the reinforced bottom mud area 15;

[0054] The pressure and temperature detection unit is arranged in the reinforced bottom mud area 15 .

[0055] When in use, after the device is set up, first start the power supply part and the electrode conversion part, so that the water in the reinforced bottom mud area 15 flows in one direction under the action of electroosmosis to achieve drainage, and at the same time make the water react with the self-heating part of the grouting. When the drainage effect in this direction is reduced, the electrode is switched by the electrode conversion part to change the direction of water flow, and the calcium hydroxide slurry produced by the reaction in the calcium oxide powder 11 is brought into the soil and diffused in the soil, thereby cementing the soil particles, improving the strength of the soil, and improving the uniformity of drainage in the reinforced bottom mud area 15.

[0056] According to a further optimization scheme, the electroosmosis component includes a plurality of first EKG drainage boards 1 and a plurality of second EKG drainage boards 2, the plurality of first EKG drainage boards 1 and the plurality of second EKG drainage boards 2 are arranged at intervals, and the plurality of first EKG drainage boards 1 and the plurality of second EKG drainage boards 2 are electrically connected to the electrode conversion part through a wire 4.

[0057] Further optimizing the scheme, the electrode conversion part includes a double-pole double-throw switch 5, the double-pole double-throw switch 5 includes a circuit A, a circuit B and a circuit C, and the switch is rotatably arranged on the circuit B;

[0058] Circuit B includes a terminal b and a terminal b', the switch is rotatably arranged between the terminal b and the terminal b', the terminal b is used to be electrically connected to the anode of the power supply unit, and the terminal b' is used to be electrically connected to the cathode of the power supply unit;

[0059] Circuit A includes a terminal a and a terminal a', the terminal a is used to be electrically connected to the first EKG drain board 1, and the terminal a' is used to be electrically connected to the second EKG drain board 2;

[0060] The circuit C includes a terminal c and a terminal c′, wherein the terminal c is used to be electrically connected to the second EKG drain board 2 , and the terminal c′ is used to be electrically connected to the first EKG drain board 1 .

[0061] According to a further optimized solution, the power supply unit includes a DC power supply 3, an anode of the DC power supply 3 is electrically connected to the terminal b, and a cathode of the DC power supply 3 is electrically connected to the terminal b'.

[0062] In a further optimized solution, the drainage assembly includes a horizontal drainage pipe 6, and the water inlet end of the horizontal drainage pipe 6 is connected to the water outlet ends of a plurality of first EKG drainage boards 1 and a plurality of second EKG drainage boards 2 located in the same row;

[0063] The water outlet end of the horizontal drainage pipe 6 of each reinforced bottom mud area 15 is connected to the water inlet end of the main pipe 7 , and the water outlet end of the main pipe 7 is connected to a vacuum pump 8 .

[0064] Further optimizing the scheme, the grouting self-heating part is arranged between the first EKG drain board 1 and the second EKG drain board 2;

[0065] The grouting self-heating part includes a plurality of hollow steel pipes 10 arranged side by side, and the hollow steel pipes 10 are filled with calcium oxide powder 11;

[0066] The side wall of the hollow steel pipe 10 is provided with a water-permeable hole for communicating with the reinforced bottom mud area 15;

[0067] Several hollow steel pipes 10 of the same group are arranged close to the corresponding second EKG drainage board 2 .

[0068] According to a further optimized solution, the pressure and temperature detection unit includes a piezometer 12 and a temperature probe 13. The piezometer 12 and the temperature probe 13 are buried in the corresponding reinforced bottom mud area 15. The piezometer 12 and the temperature probe 13 are electrically connected to a monitoring instrument.

[0069] A vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification method, based on the above-mentioned vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system, comprises the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Install an electroosmosis assembly on the reinforced sediment area 15;

[0071] Step 2: Drill a hole in the reinforced bottom mud area 15 and inject sealing mud, and insert a grouting self-heating part into the drill hole;

[0072] Step 3, connecting the electroosmosis component to the drainage component;

[0073] Step 4: electrically connecting the electroosmotic assembly to the electrode conversion unit, and electrically connecting the electrode conversion unit to the power supply unit;

[0074] Step 5: Setting the pressure and temperature detection unit in the reinforced bottom mud area 15;

[0075] Step 6: Cover the surface of the reinforced bottom mud area 15 with a vacuum part;

[0076] Step 7: The electroosmosis component is energized through the electrode conversion unit to make the water in the reinforced sediment area 15 flow from the anode to the cathode, and the drainage component is started to drain water;

[0077] Step 8: Switching the electrodes of the electroosmotic assembly through the electrode conversion unit to change the flow direction of water;

[0078] Step 9. Replenish the consumed grouting self-heating part, repeat steps 7 to 8, and stop the pump and unload after the set conditions are met.

[0079] To further optimize the solution, in step 2, the weight of the calcium oxide powder 11 filled in the hollow steel pipe 10 is 1% of the weight of the soil to be treated in the reinforced bottom mud area 15 .

[0080] To further optimize the scheme, in step eight, when the pressure and temperature detection unit detects that the temperature change range of the reinforced bottom mud in the reinforced bottom mud area 15 within 1 hour is less than 5%, the electrode conversion unit switches the electrode;

[0081] In step nine, when the pressure and temperature detection unit detects that the pore pressure data changes within a range of less than 5% within 24 hours, the pump is stopped and unloaded.

[0082] The present invention provides a vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system, which includes an electroosmosis system, a vacuum drainage system, a grouting self-heating system and a monitoring system. The electroosmosis system consists of a first EKG drainage board 1, a second EKG drainage board 2, a DC power supply 3 specially used for electroosmosis, a conductor 4 and a double-pole double-throw switch 5. The vacuum drainage system consists of a horizontal drainage pipe 6, a main pipe 7, a vacuum pump 8 and a vacuum membrane 9. The grouting self-heating system consists of a hollow steel pipe 10 and calcium oxide powder 11. The monitoring system consists of a piezometer 12, a temperature probe 13 and a monitor.

[0083] The double-pole double-throw switch 5 includes a circuit A, a circuit B and a circuit C, the switch is rotatably arranged on the circuit B; the circuit B includes a terminal b and a terminal b', the switch is rotatably arranged between the terminal b and the terminal b', the anode of the DC power supply 3 is electrically connected to the terminal b, and the cathode of the DC power supply 3 is electrically connected to the terminal b';

[0084] The terminal a on the circuit A is electrically connected to a plurality of first EKG drain boards 1 through a wire 4, and the terminal a' is electrically connected to a plurality of second EKG drain boards 2 through another wire 4;

[0085] The terminal c on the circuit C is electrically connected to a plurality of second EKG drain boards 2 through a wire 4, and the terminal c' is electrically connected to a plurality of first EKG drain boards 1 through another wire 4;

[0086] When the switch makes the terminal b and the terminal a electrically connected, and the terminal b' and the terminal a' electrically connected, at this time, a number of first EKG drain boards 1 are electrically connected to the anode of the DC power supply 3, and a number of second EKG drain boards 2 are electrically connected to the cathode of the DC power supply 3. At this time, the first EKG drain board 1 acts as an anode and has an obvious effect on soil drying;

[0087] When the switch electrically connects terminal b and terminal c, and terminal b' and terminal c', a number of second EKG drain boards 2 are electrically connected to the anode of the DC power supply 3, and a number of first EKG drain boards 1 are electrically connected to the cathode of the DC power supply 3, thereby realizing the conversion of the positive and negative electrodes of the first EKG drain boards 1 and the second EKG drain boards 2, and then the second EKG drain boards 2 act as anodes to dry the soil.

[0088] By means of such an arrangement, the soil in the reinforced bottom mud area 15 can be dried evenly.

[0089] Under the action of the electroosmosis system, water flows from the anode to the cathode. During the flow, the water will gather into the hollow steel pipe 10 through the water-permeable holes opened on the side wall of the hollow steel pipe 10, and react with the calcium oxide powder 11 in the hollow steel pipe 10 to generate a calcium hydroxide slurry, which generates a large amount of heat and releases a large amount of water vapor. Some of the pore water that has not reacted with the calcium oxide powder 11 is discharged from the corresponding EKG drainage board to the horizontal drainage pipe 6 under the drive of vacuum negative pressure, and finally reaches the main pipe 7.

[0090] The vacuum drainage system consists of a horizontal drainage pipe 6, a main pipe 7, a vacuum pump 8 and a vacuum membrane 9. The vacuum membrane 9 is covered above the bottom mud area 15 to be reinforced, and the four sides of the vacuum membrane 9 are buried in the soil boundary to ensure the air tightness of the boundary. After starting the vacuum pump 8, a negative pressure effect is created in the main pipe 7 and each horizontal drainage pipe 6 to absorb moisture from the soil.

[0091] The working process of a vacuum electrochemical dredging sludge rapid solidification system is as follows:

[0092] ① On the bottom mud area 15 to be reinforced, each EKG drainage board is respectively installed by using a board-making machine, and the first EKG drainage board 1 and the second EKG drainage board 2 are arranged at intervals.

[0093] ② Drill a hole in the bottom mud area 15 to be reinforced and inject sealing mud, insert a hollow steel pipe 10, open a permeable hole on the side of the hollow steel pipe 10, and pour about 1% of the weight of the soil in the treatment area into the inside of the calcium oxide powder 11.

[0094] ③ Lay out a horizontal drain pipe 6 and a main pipe 7, wherein the lower part of the horizontal drain pipe 6 is connected to the first EKG drain board 1 and the second EKG drain board 2 arranged at intervals through a conversion joint, the end of the horizontal drain pipe 6 is connected to the side of the main pipe 7, and the main pipe 7 is connected to the vacuum pump 8.

[0095] ④ Arrange a DC power supply 3, connect the anode of the DC power supply 3 to the terminal b of the double-pole double-throw switch 5 through a wire 4, connect the cathode of the DC power supply 3 to the terminal b' of the double-pole double-throw switch 5, and then connect the first EKG drain board 1 and the second EKG drain board 2 arranged at intervals to the anode and cathode of the DC power supply 3 respectively through the wire 4.

[0096] ⑤ Bury the piezometer 12 and the temperature probe 13 in the bottom mud area 15 to be reinforced, and connect them to the monitoring instrument.

[0097] ⑥ Cover the vacuum membrane 9 above the bottom mud area 15 to be reinforced, and bury the four sides of the vacuum membrane 9 into the soil boundary to ensure the air tightness of the boundary.

[0098] ⑦ Move the double-pole double-throw switch 5 to the terminals a and a', turn on the DC power supply 3 and the vacuum pump 8 (the vacuum degree is stable at more than 80 kPa). Driven by the electric field and the vacuum negative pressure, the pore water in the soil flows from the anode to the cathode and first converges in the hollow steel pipe 10. The converged pore water reacts chemically with the calcium oxide powder 11 inside the hollow steel pipe 10 (generated calcium hydroxide slurry), generating a large amount of heat and releasing a large amount of water vapor; part of the pore water that has not reacted with the calcium oxide powder 11 is discharged into the horizontal drain pipe 6 under the drive of the vacuum negative pressure, and finally reaches the main pipe 7.

[0099] ⑧ The temperature change of the bottom mud to be reinforced is monitored in real time by the temperature probe 13 and the monitor. When the temperature change range of the monitored temperature data is less than 5% within 1 hour, the double-pole double-throw switch 5 is turned to the reverse electrode of the terminal c and the terminal c' to reverse the direction of water migration. In addition, the calcium hydroxide slurry generated by the reaction in the hollow steel pipe 10 is injected into the soil along the gas splitting cracks, diffuses and solidifies the soil under the drive of vacuum electroosmosis.

[0100] ⑨ Add calcium oxide powder 11 into the hollow steel tube 10 and repeat steps ⑦-⑧.

[0101] ⑩ The pore pressure of the bottom mud to be reinforced is monitored in real time by the pore pressure gauge 12 and the monitoring instrument. When the monitored pore pressure data changes within a range of less than 5% within 24 hours, the pump is stopped and unloaded.

[0102] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0103] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system, characterized in that: include: An electroosmotic component is inserted in the reinforced bottom mud area (15) and is used to drive water in the reinforced bottom mud area (15) to flow in a direction from the anode to the cathode, and the electroosmotic component is connected to the interior of the reinforced bottom mud area (15); An electrode conversion unit, electrically connected to the electroosmotic component, for switching the flow direction of water in the electroosmotic component; A power supply unit, electrically connected to the electrode conversion unit, for providing electric energy; A vacuum membrane (9) covering the surface of the reinforced bottom mud area (15); A drainage component, connected to the electroosmotic component, for draining the water flowing into the electroosmotic component; A grouting self-heating part, wherein a plurality of the grouting self-heating parts are provided and inserted into the reinforced bottom mud area (15); A pressure and temperature detection unit is arranged in the reinforced bottom mud area (15); The electroosmotic assembly comprises a plurality of first EKG drain plates (1) and a plurality of second EKG drain plates (2), wherein the plurality of first EKG drain plates (1) and the plurality of second EKG drain plates (2) are arranged at intervals, and the plurality of first EKG drain plates (1) and the plurality of second EKG drain plates (2) are electrically connected to the electrode conversion unit via a wire (4); The grouting self-heating portion is arranged between the first EKG drainage board (1) and the second EKG drainage board (2); The grouting self-heating part comprises a plurality of hollow steel pipes (10) arranged side by side, wherein the hollow steel pipes (10) are filled with calcium oxide powder (11); The side wall of the hollow steel pipe (10) is provided with a water-permeable hole for communicating with the reinforced bottom mud area (15); A plurality of the hollow steel pipes (10) in the same group are arranged close to the corresponding second EKG drainage board (2); The weight of the calcium oxide powder (11) filled in the hollow steel pipe (10) is 1% of the weight of the soil to be treated in the reinforced bottom mud area (15).

2. A vacuum electrochemical dredging sludge rapid solidification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode conversion unit comprises a double-pole double-throw switch (5), the double-pole double-throw switch (5) comprises a circuit A, a circuit B and a circuit C, and the switch is rotatably arranged on the circuit B; The circuit B comprises a terminal b and a terminal b', the switch is rotatably arranged between the terminal b and the terminal b', the terminal b is used to be electrically connected to the anode of the power supply unit, and the terminal b' is used to be electrically connected to the cathode of the power supply unit; The circuit A comprises a terminal a and a terminal a', wherein the terminal a is used to be electrically connected to the first EKG drain board (1), and the terminal a' is used to be electrically connected to the second EKG drain board (2); The circuit C comprises a terminal c and a terminal c', wherein the terminal c is used to be electrically connected to the second EKG drainage board (2), and the terminal c' is used to be electrically connected to the first EKG drainage board (1).

3. A vacuum electrochemical dredging sludge rapid solidification system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power supply unit comprises a DC power supply (3), an anode of the DC power supply (3) is electrically connected to the terminal b, and a cathode of the DC power supply (3) is electrically connected to the terminal b'.

4. The vacuum electrochemical dredging sludge rapid solidification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The drainage assembly comprises a horizontal drainage pipe (6), the water inlet end of the horizontal drainage pipe (6) is connected to the water outlet ends of a plurality of the first EKG drainage boards (1) and a plurality of the second EKG drainage boards (2) located in the same row; The water outlet end of the horizontal drainage pipe (6) of each reinforced bottom mud area (15) is connected to the water inlet end of the main pipe (7), and the water outlet end of the main pipe (7) is connected to a vacuum pump (8).

5. The vacuum electrochemical dredging sludge rapid solidification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The pressure and temperature detection unit comprises a piezometer (12) and a temperature probe (13); the piezometer (12) and the temperature probe (13) are buried in the corresponding reinforced bottom mud area (15); and the piezometer (12) and the temperature probe (13) are electrically connected to a monitoring instrument.

6. A vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification method, based on a vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: installing the electroosmosis assembly on the reinforced bottom mud area (15); Step 2, drilling a hole in the reinforced bottom mud area (15) and injecting sealing mud, and inserting the grouting self-heating part into the drilled hole; Step 3, connecting the electroosmotic component to the drainage component; Step 4: electrically connecting the electroosmotic assembly to the electrode conversion unit, and electrically connecting the electrode conversion unit to the power supply unit; Step 5: arranging the pressure and temperature detection unit in the reinforced bottom mud area (15); Step 6: Covering the surface of the reinforced bottom mud area (15) with a vacuum portion; Step 7, the electroosmosis component is energized through the electrode conversion unit, so that the water in the reinforced sediment area (15) flows from the anode to the cathode, and the drainage component is started to drain water; Step 8, switching the electrodes of the electroosmotic assembly through the electrode conversion unit to change the flow direction of water; Step nine, replenish the consumed grouting self-heating part, repeat steps seven to eight, and stop the pump and unload after the set conditions are met.

7. A vacuum electrochemical dredged sludge rapid solidification method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step eight, when the pressure-temperature detection unit detects that the temperature variation range of the reinforced bottom mud in the reinforced bottom mud area (15) within 1 hour is less than 5%, the electrode conversion unit switches the electrode; In the step nine, when the pressure and temperature detection unit detects that the pore pressure data changes within a range of less than 5% within 24 hours, the pump is stopped and unloaded.

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