A spindle mechanism, lathe and clamping method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of lathes, and particularly relates to a spindle mechanism, a lathe and a clamping method. The spindle mechanism includes a spindle, a chuck, a fixture and a joint assembly; the chuck is mounted on the spindle, and the fixture is detachably mounted on the chuck; the spindle is provided with a mounting groove, a first channel and a second channel for controlling the opening and closing of the chuck, the chuck is provided with a third channel for controlling the opening and closing of the fixture, and the first channel is connected to the third channel; the joint assembly includes a slider and a joint body, the slider is provided with a fourth channel and a fifth channel; the joint body is provided with a receiving groove, a sixth channel connected to the fourth channel, and a seventh channel connected to the fifth channel; the joint body is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove; the slider is movably mounted in the receiving groove to control the on-off between the first channel and the fourth channel, and the on-off between the second channel and the fifth channel. The spindle mechanism has the advantages of high replacement efficiency and long service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lathes, and in particular relates to a spindle mechanism, a lathe and a clamping method. Background Art

[0002] When a CNC lathe is turning a workpiece to be processed, the workpiece to be processed needs to be fixed on the spindle, and the spindle drives the workpiece to be processed to rotate so that the turning tool can turn the workpiece to be processed. In order to facilitate the fixation of the workpiece to be processed on the spindle, a three-jaw chuck is usually used for fixation. The principle of locking the workpiece to be processed with a three-jaw chuck is: manually turn the locking piece on the three-jaw chuck, and the locking piece drives the multiple jaws on the three-jaw chuck to move closer to each other, and the multiple clamps that move closer to each other can lock the workpiece to be processed on the three-jaw chuck.

[0003] However, the three-jaw chuck usually requires manual operation to be in a locked state or an unlocked state, and there are problems such as complex operation and low changing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the three-jaw chuck has the technical problems of complex operation and low replacement efficiency.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a spindle mechanism, comprising a spindle, a chuck, a fixture and a joint assembly; the chuck is mounted on the spindle, and the fixture is detachably mounted on the chuck;

[0006] The spindle is provided with a mounting groove, a first channel and a second channel for controlling the opening and closing of the chuck, the chuck is provided with a third channel for controlling the opening and closing of the clamp, and the first channel is connected to the third channel;

[0007] The joint assembly includes a slider and a joint body, the slider is provided with a fourth channel and a fifth channel; the joint body is provided with a receiving groove, a sixth channel connected to the fourth channel, and a seventh channel connected to the fifth channel; the joint body is rotatably installed in the installation groove;

[0008] The slider is movably installed in the accommodating groove to control the connection and disconnection between the first channel and the fourth channel, and to control the connection and disconnection between the second channel and the fifth channel.

[0009] Optionally, the chuck is further provided with an eighth channel for detecting the air tightness of the fixture installed on the chuck, the spindle is further provided with a ninth channel connected to the eighth channel, the slider is provided with a tenth channel, and the joint body is further provided with an eleventh channel connected to the tenth channel;

[0010] The slider is movably installed in the accommodating groove, and is also used to control the connection and disconnection between the ninth channel and the tenth channel.

[0011] Optionally, a control channel is further provided on the joint body, and a medium in the control channel is used to drive the slider to move in the accommodating groove toward a first direction;

[0012] The spindle mechanism further includes an elastic component connected between the slider and the joint body, and the elastic component is used to drive the slider to move in the accommodating groove toward a second direction; wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction.

[0013] Optionally, the elastic component includes a guide member and an elastic member sleeved on the guide member, and a slide groove is also provided on the joint body. The guide member is slidably installed in the slide groove and connected to the slider, and the opposite ends of the elastic member are respectively abutted against the guide member and the bottom wall of the slide groove.

[0014] Optionally, the joint assembly further includes a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring both mounted on the slider, the first sealing ring being arranged around the fourth channel, and the second sealing ring being arranged around the fifth channel;

[0015] The first sealing ring is used to seal the connection between the first channel and the fourth channel when the first channel is connected to the fourth channel;

[0016] The second sealing ring is used to seal the connection between the second channel and the fifth channel when the second channel is connected to the fifth channel.

[0017] Optionally, the chuck is a zero-point chuck and / or the clamp is a three-jaw chuck.

[0018] A second embodiment of the present invention further provides a lathe, comprising the above-mentioned spindle mechanism.

[0019] The third embodiment of the present invention further provides a clamping method applied to the above spindle mechanism, comprising:

[0020] Controlling the slider to move toward a first direction until the first channel is connected to the fourth channel, and the second channel is connected to the fifth channel;

[0021] Controlling the sixth channel to input high-pressure medium into the first channel through the fourth channel to unlock the chuck;

[0022] After the clamp is plugged into the chuck, the seventh channel is controlled to input a high-pressure medium into the third channel through the fifth channel and the second channel in sequence to unlock the clamp;

[0023] After controlling the workpiece to be processed to be inserted into the fixture; controlling the slider to move toward a second direction opposite to the first direction until the first channel is not connected to the fourth channel, and the second channel is not connected to the fifth channel, the high-pressure medium in the first channel is depressurized and the chuck locks the fixture, and the high-pressure medium in the third channel is depressurized and the fixture locks the workpiece to be processed.

[0024] Optionally, before controlling the slider to move toward the first direction, the method further includes:

[0025] After detecting that the main shaft is in a stationary state, the slider is controlled to move toward the first direction.

[0026] Optionally, after the high-pressure medium in the first channel is depressurized and the chuck locks the fixture, and the high-pressure medium in the third channel is depressurized and the fixture locks the workpiece to be processed, the method further includes:

[0027] detecting air tightness between the chuck and the fixture;

[0028] Detecting that the air tightness between the chuck and the fixture meets a preset condition indicates that the fixture has been firmly installed and locked on the chuck;

[0029] It is detected that the air tightness between the chuck and the clamp does not meet the preset conditions, indicating that the clamp is not firmly installed and locked on the chuck.

[0030] Optionally, after indicating that the clamp is not securely mounted and locked on the chuck, the method further comprises:

[0031] Controlling the slider to move toward a first direction until the first channel is connected to the fourth channel, and the second channel is connected to the fifth channel;

[0032] Controlling the seventh channel to sequentially input a high-pressure medium into the third channel through the fifth channel and the second channel, so that the fixture releases the lock on the workpiece to be processed and removes the workpiece to be processed from the fixture;

[0033] The sixth channel is controlled to input a high-pressure medium into the first channel through the fourth channel, so that the clamp is removed from the chuck after the chuck releases the lock on the clamp.

[0034] In the present invention, when the slider moves in the accommodating groove to abut against the bottom wall of the mounting groove, the end of the fourth channel away from the sixth channel is connected to the first channel, and the end of the fifth channel away from the seventh channel is connected to the second channel, so that the high-pressure medium in the sixth channel will flow into the first control hole of the chuck through the fourth channel and the first channel in sequence, thereby controlling the chuck to be in an unlocked state, at which time the fixture can be installed on the chuck; the high-pressure medium in the seventh channel will flow into the second control hole of the fixture through the fifth channel and the second channel in sequence, thereby controlling the fixture to be in an unlocked state, at which time the workpiece to be processed can be installed on the fixture. When the slider moves in the accommodating groove to the bottom wall away from the mounting groove, the fourth channel is not connected to the first channel, and the fifth channel is not connected to the second channel, and the high-pressure medium in the first control hole of the chuck will be depressurized through the first channel, and the clamp will be locked on the chuck due to the rebound force of the elastic member; the high-pressure medium in the second control hole of the clamp will be depressurized through the third channel and the second channel, and the workpiece to be processed will be locked on the clamp due to the rebound force of the elastic member; at this time, the spindle can drive the clamp to rotate, and the joint assembly is in a stationary state, which ensures the stability of the connection between the joint assembly and the external air supply device or the liquid supply device, avoids the accident of wear between the joint assembly and the spindle due to friction, and extends the service life of the clamp mechanism.

[0035] In addition, the chuck and the fixture are both controlled by the high-pressure medium in the channel to be in an unlocked or locked state, and there is no need to manually operate the fixture and the chuck, which improves the convenience and efficiency of the spindle mechanism. In addition, the fixture is used to clamp the workpiece to be processed, and the chuck is used to clamp the fixture. Different fixtures can be replaced for the chuck, and a manual locking mode can also be set on the fixture, which further improves the convenience, efficiency and compatibility of the spindle mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a spindle mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a left side view of a spindle mechanism provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Sectional view at AA in the middle;

[0040] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Sectional view at the middle BB;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a slider of a spindle mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 is a right side view of a spindle mechanism provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Sectional view at CC;

[0044] Figure 8 is a flow chart of a clamping method provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig. 9 is another flow chart of a clamping method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] The reference numerals in the specification are as follows:

[0047] 1. Spindle; 11. Mounting groove; 12. First channel; 13. Second channel; 14. Ninth channel; 2. Chuck; 21. Third channel; 3. Fixture; 4. Joint assembly; 41. Slider; 411. Fourth channel; 412. Fifth channel; 413. Tenth channel; 42. Joint body; 421. Receiving groove; 422. Sixth channel; 423. Seventh channel; 424. Eleventh channel; 425. Control channel; 426. Slide; 43. First sealing ring; 44. Second sealing ring; 45. Third sealing ring; 5. Elastic assembly; 51. Guide member; 52. Elastic member; 10. Workpiece to be processed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0049] It should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", and "middle" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, a spindle mechanism provided by the first embodiment of the present invention includes a spindle 1, a chuck 2, a fixture 3 and a joint assembly 4; the chuck 2 is installed on the spindle 1, and the fixture 3 is detachably installed on the chuck 2; it can be understood that the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 include but are not limited to a three-jaw chuck, a zero-point chuck, etc., and the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 are conventional components in the field, and the specific structures of the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 are not repeated here; preferably, the chuck 2 is a zero-point chuck, and the fixture 3 is a three-jaw chuck.

[0051] The spindle 1 is provided with a mounting groove 11, a first channel 12 and a second channel 13 for controlling the opening and closing of the chuck 2. The chuck 2 is provided with a third channel 21 for controlling the opening and closing of the clamp 3, and the first channel 12 is connected to the third channel 21; it can be understood that when the clamp 3 is installed on the chuck 2, the first channel 12 is connected to the third channel 21.

[0052] The joint assembly 4 includes a slider 41 and a joint body 42, and the slider 41 is provided with a fourth channel 411 and a fifth channel 412; the joint body 42 is provided with a receiving groove 421, a sixth channel 422 connected to the fourth channel 411, and a seventh channel 423 connected to the fifth channel 412; the joint body 42 is rotatably installed in the mounting groove 11; it can be understood that a part of the joint body 42 is located in the mounting groove 11, and another part of the joint body 42 is located outside the mounting groove 11, and the joint body 42 located outside the mounting groove 11 can be connected to an external air supply device or a liquid supply device through a pipeline; the joint body 42 can be rotatably installed in the mounting groove 11 through a bearing.

[0053] The slider 41 is movably installed in the receiving groove 421 to control the connection and disconnection between the first channel 12 and the fourth channel 411 , and to control the connection and disconnection between the second channel 13 and the fifth channel 412 .

[0054] In the present invention, when the slider 41 moves in the accommodating groove 421 to abut against the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, the end of the fourth channel 411 away from the sixth channel 422 is connected to the first channel 12, and the end of the fifth channel 412 away from the seventh channel 423 is connected to the second channel 13, so that the high-pressure medium in the sixth channel 422 will flow into the first control hole of the chuck 2 through the fourth channel 411 and the first channel 12 in sequence, thereby controlling the chuck 2 to be in an unlocked state, at which time the clamp 3 can be installed on the chuck 2; the high-pressure medium in the seventh channel 423 will flow into the second control hole of the clamp 3 through the fifth channel 412 and the second channel 13 in sequence, thereby controlling the clamp 3 to be in an unlocked state, at which time the workpiece 10 to be processed can be installed on the clamp 3. When the slider 41 moves in the accommodating groove 421 to the bottom wall away from the mounting groove 11, the fourth channel 411 is not connected to the first channel 12, and the fifth channel 412 is not connected to the second channel 13, and the high-pressure medium in the first control hole of the chuck 2 will be depressurized through the first channel 12, and the clamp 3 will be locked on the chuck 2 due to the rebound force of the elastic member 52; the high-pressure medium in the second control hole of the clamp 3 will be depressurized through the third channel 21 and the second channel 13, and the workpiece 10 to be processed will be locked on the clamp 3 due to the rebound force of the elastic member 52; at this time, the spindle 1 can drive the clamp 3 to rotate, and the joint assembly 4 is in a stationary state, which ensures the stability of the connection between the joint assembly 4 and the external air supply device or the liquid supply device, and avoids the accident of wear between the joint assembly 4 and the spindle 1 due to friction, thereby extending the service life of the clamp 3 mechanism.

[0055] In addition, the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 are both controlled by a high-pressure medium in the channel to be in an unlocked or locked state, and there is no need to manually operate the fixture 3 and the chuck 2, which improves the convenience and efficiency of the spindle mechanism. In addition, the fixture 3 is used to clamp the workpiece 10 to be processed, and the chuck 2 is used to clamp the fixture 3. Different fixtures 3 can be replaced for the chuck 2, and a manual locking mode can also be set on the fixture 3, which further improves the convenience, efficiency and compatibility of the spindle mechanism.

[0056] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the chuck 2 is also provided with an eighth channel (not shown in the figure) for detecting the air tightness of the fixture 3 installed on the chuck 2, the spindle 1 is also provided with a ninth channel 14 connected to the eighth channel, the slider 41 is provided with a tenth channel 413, and the joint body 42 is also provided with an eleventh channel 424 connected to the tenth channel 413; it can be understood that the end of the eighth channel away from the ninth channel 14 is located at the joint between the chuck 2 and the fixture 3.

[0057] The slider 41 is movably installed in the receiving groove 421 , and is also used to control the connection between the ninth channel 14 and the tenth channel 413 .

[0058] Specifically, when the slider 41 moves in the accommodating groove 421 to abut against the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, the end of the ninth channel 14 away from the eighth channel is connected to the end of the tenth channel 413 away from the eleventh channel 424, and the first channel 12 sequentially inputs high-pressure medium into the eighth channel through the tenth channel 413 and the ninth channel 14, and the stability of the fixture 3 installed on the chuck 2 is detected by detecting the air tightness of the end of the eighth channel away from the ninth channel 14; when it is detected that the air tightness of the end of the eighth channel away from the ninth channel 14 is qualified, it indicates that the fixture 3 has been firmly installed on the chuck 2, and thereafter, the spindle 1 can drive the workpiece 10 to be processed to rotate through the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 to complete the machining of the workpiece 10 to be processed, thereby ensuring the stability of the spindle mechanism in clamping the workpiece 10 to be processed. When it is detected that the air tightness of the end of the eighth channel away from the ninth channel 14 is unqualified, it indicates that the fixture 3 installed on the chuck 2 may be loose or shaken. At this time, the workpiece 10 cannot be machined and the fixture 3 needs to be reinstalled on the chuck 2.

[0059] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the joint body 42 is further provided with a control channel 425, and the medium in the control channel 425 is used to drive the slider 41 to move in the receiving groove 421 toward the first direction;

[0060] The spindle mechanism further includes an elastic component 5 connected between the slider 41 and the joint body 42, and the elastic component 5 is used to drive the slider 41 to move in the receiving groove 421 toward a second direction; wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction. It can be understood that the elastic component 5 includes but is not limited to a spring, a compression spring, etc.

[0061] Specifically, the high-pressure medium in the control channel 425 will drive the slider 41 to move in the first direction until the slider 41 abuts against the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, the first channel 12 is connected to the fourth channel 411, the second channel 13 is connected to the fifth channel 412, the ninth channel 14 is connected to the fourth channel 411, and the slider 41 will compress the elastic component 5; when the high-pressure medium in the control channel 425 is depressurized, the rebound force of the elastic component 5 will cause the slider 41 to move toward the second direction until the slider 41 is away from the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, the first channel 12 is not connected to the fourth channel 411, the second channel 13 is not connected to the fifth channel 412, and the ninth channel 14 is not connected to the fourth channel 411. In this embodiment, the slider 41 can be controlled to move in the receiving groove 421 by using the elastic component 5 and the high-pressure medium in the control channel 425, and the spindle mechanism has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost.

[0062] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the elastic component 5 includes a guide member 51 and an elastic member 52 sleeved on the guide member 51, and a slide groove 426 is also provided on the joint body 42. The guide member 51 is slidably installed in the slide groove 426 and connected to the slider 41, and the opposite ends of the elastic member 52 are respectively abutted against the guide member 51 and the bottom wall of the slide groove 426. It can be understood that the elastic member 52 includes but is not limited to a spring, etc., one end of the elastic member 52 is abutted against the bottom wall of the slide groove 426, and the other end of the elastic member 52 can be abutted against the convex part of the guide member 51; the guide member 51 includes but is not limited to screws, bolts, etc.

[0063] Specifically, when the slider 41 moves in the receiving groove 421, the guide member 51 slides along the slide groove 426, and the guide member 51 compresses the elastic member 52. In this embodiment, the guide member 51 can not only compress the elastic member 52, but also guide the slider 41, thereby ensuring the stability of the slider 41 moving in the receiving groove 421.

[0064] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the joint assembly 4 also includes a first sealing ring 43 and a second sealing ring 44 both mounted on the slider 41, the first sealing ring 43 is arranged around the fourth channel 411, and the second sealing ring 44 is arranged around the fifth channel 412; it can be understood that the end of the fourth channel 411 away from the sixth channel 422 is located inside the first sealing ring 43, and the end of the fifth channel 412 away from the seventh channel 423 is located inside the second sealing ring 44.

[0065] The first sealing ring 43 is used to seal the connection between the first channel 12 and the fourth channel 411 when the first channel 12 is connected to the fourth channel 411; the second sealing ring 44 is used to seal the connection between the second channel 13 and the fifth channel 412 when the second channel 13 is connected to the fifth channel 412.

[0066] Specifically, when the slider 41 abuts against the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, the first sealing ring 43 and the second sealing ring 44 are squeezed between the slider 41 and the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, so that the first sealing ring 43 can prevent leakage accidents at the connection point between the first channel 12 and the fourth channel 411, and the second sealing ring 44 can prevent leakage accidents at the connection point between the second channel 13 and the fifth channel 412. When the slider 41 is away from the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, the first sealing ring 43 and the second sealing ring 44 are away from the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, and when the main shaft 1 rotates, the first sealing ring 43 and the second sealing ring 44 are prevented from being damaged by friction heat between the first sealing ring 43 and the second sealing ring 44 and the main shaft 1.

[0067] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the joint assembly 4 further includes a third sealing ring 45 mounted on the slider 41, and the third sealing ring 45 is arranged around the tenth channel 413;

[0068] The third sealing ring 45 is used to seal the connection between the tenth channel 413 and the ninth channel 14 when the tenth channel 413 is connected to the ninth channel 14. Specifically, when the slider 41 abuts against the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, the third sealing ring 45 is also squeezed between the slider 41 and the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, so that the third sealing ring 45 can avoid leakage accidents at the connection between the ninth channel 14 and the tenth channel 413. When the slider 41 is away from the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, the third sealing ring 45 is also away from the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, and when the main shaft 1 rotates, the third sealing ring 45 is prevented from being damaged due to frictional heat between the third sealing ring 45 and the main shaft 1.

[0069] Furthermore, if Figure 5 As shown, the first sealing ring 43, the second sealing ring 44 and the third sealing ring 45 are coaxially arranged, and the outer diameter of the first sealing ring 43 is greater than the outer diameter of the second sealing ring 44, and the outer diameter of the second sealing ring 44 is greater than the outer diameter of the third sealing ring 45; a first annular space is provided between the first sealing ring 43 and the second sealing ring 44, and a second annular space is provided between the second sealing ring 44 and the third sealing ring 45; an end of the fourth channel 411 away from the sixth channel 422 is located in the inner hole of the first sealing ring 43, an end of the fifth channel 412 away from the seventh channel 423 is located in the first annular space, and an end of the tenth channel 413 away from the eleventh channel 424 is located in the second annular space.

[0070] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the slider 41 is also provided with a first guide protrusion, a second guide protrusion and a third guide protrusion, the fourth channel 411 passes through the first guide protrusion, the fifth channel 412 passes through the second guide protrusion, and the tenth channel 413 passes through the third guide protrusion, and the joint body 42 is also provided with a first guide hole, a second guide hole and a third guide hole; the first guide protrusion is slidably inserted in the first guide hole, and the sixth channel 422 is connected to the fourth channel 411 through the first guide hole; the second guide protrusion is slidably inserted in the second guide hole, and the seventh channel 423 is connected to the fifth channel 412 through the second guide hole; the third guide protrusion is slidably inserted in the third guide hole, and the eleventh channel 424 is connected to the tenth channel 413 through the third guide hole. In this embodiment, during the movement of the slider 41 in the accommodating groove 421, the first guide protrusion slides in the first guide hole, the second guide protrusion slides in the second guide hole, and the third guide protrusion slides in the third guide hole, further ensuring the stability of the movement of the slider 41 in the accommodating groove 421.

[0071] A second embodiment of the present invention further provides a lathe, comprising the above-mentioned spindle mechanism.

[0072] like Figure 8 As shown, the third embodiment of the present invention further provides a clamping method applied to the above spindle mechanism, comprising:

[0073] S100, control the slider 41 to move toward the first direction until the first channel 12 is connected to the fourth channel 411, and the second channel 13 is connected to the fifth channel 412; it can be understood that when the slider 41 moves toward the first direction in the accommodating groove 421 until it abuts against the bottom wall of the mounting groove 11, the end of the fourth channel 411 away from the sixth channel 422 is connected to the first channel 12, and the end of the fifth channel 412 away from the seventh channel 423 is connected to the second channel 13.

[0074] S200, control the sixth channel 422 to input high-pressure medium into the first channel 12 through the fourth channel 411 to unlock the chuck 2; it can be understood that the high-pressure medium is sequentially input into the first control hole of the chuck 2 through the sixth channel 422, the fourth channel 411 and the first channel 12, and the high-pressure medium in the first control hole will put the chuck 2 in an unlocked state.

[0075] S300, after controlling the clamp 3 to be inserted into the chuck 2; controlling the seventh channel 423 to sequentially input the high-pressure medium into the third channel 21 through the fifth channel 412 and the second channel 13 to unlock the clamp 3; it can be understood that when the clamp 3 is inserted into the chuck 2, the chuck 2 does not lock the clamp 3, and the second channel 13 on the chuck 2 is connected to the third channel 21 on the clamp 3; the high-pressure medium is sequentially input into the second control hole of the clamp 3 through the seventh channel 423, the fifth channel 412, the second channel 13 and the third channel 21, and the high-pressure medium in the second control hole will make the clamp 3 in an unlocked state.

[0076] S400, after the workpiece 10 to be processed is inserted into the fixture 3; the slider 41 is controlled to move in a second direction opposite to the first direction until the first channel 12 is not connected to the fourth channel 411, and the second channel 13 is not connected to the fifth channel 412, the high-pressure medium in the first channel 12 is depressurized and the chuck 2 locks the fixture 3, and the high-pressure medium in the third channel 21 is depressurized and the fixture 3 locks the workpiece 10 to be processed. It can be understood that when the workpiece 10 to be processed is inserted into the fixture 3, the fixture 3 does not lock the workpiece 10 to be processed; it can be understood that when the slider 41 moves in the second direction in the receiving groove 421 to the bottom wall away from the installation groove 11, the fourth channel 411 is not connected to the first channel 12, and the fifth channel 412 is not connected to the second channel 13, the high-pressure medium in the first control hole of the chuck 2 will be depressurized through the first channel 12, and the clamp 3 will be locked in the chuck due to the rebound force of the elastic member 52. on the disk 2; the high-pressure medium in the second control hole of the clamp 3 will be depressurized through the third channel 21 and the second channel 13, and the workpiece 10 to be processed will be locked on the clamp 3 due to the rebound force of the elastic member 52; at this time, the spindle 1 can drive the clamp 3 to rotate, and the joint assembly 4 is in a stationary state, which ensures the stability of the connection between the joint assembly 4 and the external air supply device or the liquid supply device, and avoids the accident of wear between the joint assembly 4 and the spindle 1 due to friction, thereby extending the service life of the clamp 3 mechanism.

[0077] In one embodiment, before controlling the slider 41 to move toward the first direction, the method further includes:

[0078] After detecting that the spindle 1 is in a stationary state, the slider 41 is controlled to move toward the first direction. It can be understood that after the spindle 1 is in a stationary state, the slider 41 is controlled to move toward the first direction so that the first channel 12 is connected to the fourth channel 411, and the second channel 13 is connected to the fifth channel 412, so that the chuck 2 can be controlled to lock the fixture 3, and the fixture 3 can be controlled to lock the workpiece 10 to be processed; when the spindle 1 is in a rotating state, accidents caused by installing the fixture 3 on the chuck 2 and / or installing the workpiece 10 to be processed on the fixture 3 are avoided, and the safety and stability of loading and unloading of the spindle mechanism are ensured.

[0079] Furthermore, after detecting that the spindle 1 is in a stationary state and the automatic door of the machine is in a closed state, the slider 41 is controlled to move toward the first direction; wherein the automatic door of the machine is used to close the accommodating space for accommodating the spindle mechanism.

[0080] In one embodiment, if Fig. 9 As shown, after the high-pressure medium in the first channel 12 is depressurized and the chuck 2 locks the fixture 3, and the high-pressure medium in the third channel 21 is depressurized and the fixture 3 locks the workpiece 10 to be processed, the method further includes:

[0081] S500, detecting the air tightness between the chuck 2 and the fixture 3; it is understandable that the air tightness between the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 can be detected by detecting the amount of air leakage at one end of the eighth channel away from the ninth channel 14.

[0082] S510. It is detected that the air tightness between the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 meets the preset conditions, indicating that the fixture 3 has been firmly installed and locked on the chuck 3; it can be understood that the preset conditions can be preset air pressure, preset air leakage volume per unit time, etc.; when the fixture 3 is firmly installed on the chuck 2, the fixture 3 can play a role in blocking the eighth channel away from the end of the ninth channel 14. At this time, it is detected that the air tightness between the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 meets the preset conditions; after the air tightness between the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 meets the preset conditions, the spindle 1 drives the workpiece 10 to be processed to rotate, thereby avoiding the accident of the fixture 3 being thrown off due to looseness between the chuck 2 and the fixture 3, ensuring the stability of the spindle mechanism clamping the workpiece 10 to be processed; and avoiding the accident of shaking between the chuck 2 and the fixture 3, and also ensuring the processing accuracy of the workpiece 10 to be processed.

[0083] S520: It is detected that the airtightness between the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 does not meet the preset conditions, indicating that the fixture 3 is not firmly installed and locked on the chuck 3. It can be understood that when the fixture 3 is installed on the chuck 2 and becomes loose, the fixture 3 does not block the end of the eighth channel away from the ninth channel 14 or blocks it incompletely. At this time, it is detected that the airtightness between the chuck 2 and the fixture 3 does not meet the preset conditions, indicating that the fixture 3 is not firmly installed and locked on the chuck 2, and the spindle 1 cannot drive the workpiece 10 to be processed to rotate.

[0084] In one embodiment, after indicating that the clamp 3 is not firmly installed and locked on the chuck 2, the method further comprises:

[0085] S521, control the slider 41 to move in the first direction until the first channel 12 is connected to the fourth channel 411, and the second channel 13 is connected to the fifth channel 412; it can be understood that, at this time, the fourth channel 411 does not input high-pressure medium into the first channel 12, and the fifth channel 412 does not input high-pressure medium into the second channel 13.

[0086] S522, control the seventh channel 423 to input high-pressure medium into the third channel 21 through the fifth channel 412 and the second channel 13 in sequence, so that after the fixture 3 releases the lock on the workpiece 10 to be processed, the workpiece 10 to be processed can be removed from the fixture 3; it can be understood that the high-pressure medium is input into the second control hole of the fixture 3 through the seventh channel 423, the fifth channel 412, the second channel 13 and the third channel 21 in sequence, and the high-pressure medium in the second control hole will make the fixture 3 in an unlocked state, at this time, the workpiece 10 to be processed can be removed from the fixture 3.

[0087] S523, control the sixth channel 422 to input high-pressure medium into the first channel 12 through the fourth channel 411, so that the chuck 2 releases the lock on the fixture 3, and then removes the fixture 3 from the chuck 2. It can be understood that the high-pressure medium is sequentially input into the first control hole of the chuck 2 through the sixth channel 422, the fourth channel 411 and the first channel 12, and the high-pressure medium in the first control hole will make the chuck 2 in an unlocked state, at which time, the fixture 3 can be removed from the chuck 2. After removing the workpiece 10 to be processed and the fixture 3, reinstall the workpiece 10 to be processed and the fixture 3, and detect the air tightness between the fixture 3 and the chuck 2.

[0088] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spindle mechanism, characterized in that: It includes a main shaft, a chuck, a fixture and a joint assembly; the chuck is installed on the main shaft, and the fixture is detachably installed on the chuck; The spindle is provided with a mounting groove, a first channel and a second channel for controlling the opening and closing of the chuck, the chuck is provided with a third channel for controlling the opening and closing of the clamp, and the first channel is connected to the third channel; The joint assembly includes a slider and a joint body, the slider is provided with a fourth channel and a fifth channel; the joint body is provided with a receiving groove, a sixth channel connected to the fourth channel, and a seventh channel connected to the fifth channel; the joint body is rotatably installed in the installation groove; The slider is movably mounted in the receiving groove to control the on-off between the first channel and the fourth channel, and to control the on-off between the second channel and the fifth channel; The joint body is also provided with a control channel, and the medium in the control channel is used to drive the slider to move in the receiving groove toward the first direction; The spindle mechanism further comprises an elastic component connected between the slider and the joint body, the elastic component being used to drive the slider to move in the receiving groove toward a second direction; wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction; The elastic component includes a guide member and an elastic member sleeved on the guide member, and the joint body is also provided with a slide groove, the guide member is slidably installed in the slide groove and connected to the slider, and the opposite ends of the elastic member are respectively abutted against the guide member and the bottom wall of the slide groove; The joint assembly further includes a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring both mounted on the slider, the first sealing ring being arranged around the fourth channel, and the second sealing ring being arranged around the fifth channel; The first sealing ring is used to seal the connection between the first channel and the fourth channel when the first channel is connected to the fourth channel; The second sealing ring is used to seal the connection between the second channel and the fifth channel when the second channel is connected to the fifth channel.

2. The spindle mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chuck is also provided with an eighth channel for detecting the air tightness of the fixture installed on the chuck, the spindle is also provided with a ninth channel connected to the eighth channel, the slider is provided with a tenth channel, and the joint body is also provided with an eleventh channel connected to the tenth channel; The slider is movably installed in the accommodating groove, and is also used to control the connection and disconnection between the ninth channel and the tenth channel.

3. A lathe, characterized in that: Comprising the spindle mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2.

4. A clamping method applied to the spindle mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: include: Controlling the slider to move toward a first direction until the first channel is connected to the fourth channel, and the second channel is connected to the fifth channel; Controlling the sixth channel to input high-pressure medium into the first channel through the fourth channel to unlock the chuck; After the clamp is plugged into the chuck, the seventh channel is controlled to input a high-pressure medium into the third channel through the fifth channel and the second channel in sequence to unlock the clamp; After controlling the workpiece to be processed to be inserted into the fixture; controlling the slider to move toward a second direction opposite to the first direction until the first channel is not connected to the fourth channel, and the second channel is not connected to the fifth channel, the high-pressure medium in the first channel is depressurized and the chuck locks the fixture, and the high-pressure medium in the third channel is depressurized and the fixture locks the workpiece to be processed.

5. The clamping method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before controlling the slider to move toward the first direction, the method further includes: After detecting that the main shaft is in a stationary state, the slider is controlled to move toward the first direction.

6. The clamping method according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the high-pressure medium in the first channel is depressurized and the chuck locks the fixture, and the high-pressure medium in the third channel is depressurized and the fixture locks the workpiece to be processed, the method further includes: detecting air tightness between the chuck and the fixture; Detecting that the air tightness between the chuck and the fixture meets a preset condition indicates that the fixture has been firmly installed and locked on the chuck; It is detected that the air tightness between the chuck and the clamp does not meet the preset conditions, indicating that the clamp is not firmly installed and locked on the chuck.

7. The clamping method according to claim 6, characterized in that: After indicating that the clamp is not securely mounted and locked on the chuck, the method further comprises: Controlling the slider to move toward a first direction until the first channel is connected to the fourth channel, and the second channel is connected to the fifth channel; Controlling the seventh channel to sequentially input a high-pressure medium into the third channel through the fifth channel and the second channel, so that the fixture releases the lock on the workpiece to be processed and removes the workpiece to be processed from the fixture; The sixth channel is controlled to input a high-pressure medium into the first channel through the fourth channel, so that the clamp is removed from the chuck after the chuck releases the lock on the clamp.

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