A visual quantification device for the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging

Abstract

The present invention discloses a visualized quantification device for Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging, and relates to the technical field of medical equipment, comprising a breathing mechanism for collecting breathing data of a patient, the breathing mechanism being equipped with a control module and a timer, the breathing mechanism transmitting the breathing data to the control module, the timer being used to record time data of the patient's breathing process; a blood pressure monitor for collecting the patient's blood pressure data and transmitting the blood pressure data to the control module; a heart rate monitor for collecting the patient's heart rate data and transmitting the heart rate data to the control module; when the patient completes the Valsalva maneuver according to a control strategy generated by the breathing mechanism based on an expiratory pressure value, it is a standard Valsalva maneuver, and medical staff can give an accurate disease condition identification according to the patient's subsequent symptoms, which is helpful for confirming the patient's disease condition and is less likely to cause misdiagnosis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment, and in particular to a visualization and quantification device for Valsalva action during right heart acoustic angiography. Background Art

[0002] The Valsalva maneuver is currently performed in clinical applications by doctors instructing patients to hold their breath after taking a deep breath, and then exhale forcefully. This maneuver can increase the pressure in the entire thoracic cavity, reduce the amount of blood returning to the heart, and better observe the shunt from the right heart to the left. However, in clinical practice, the completion of the Valsalva maneuver can be affected by the patient's education level, understanding of the doctor's description, and the degree of effort in inhaling and exhaling. Holding the breath alone without trying the breathing action cannot be counted as the Valsalva maneuver. At present, there is no quantitative standard for the Valsalva maneuver in clinical practice, and it is impossible to ensure that the operation of the Valsalva maneuver is standard. Therefore, false negatives due to non-standard actions often occur during the examination; the existing visualization quantification device of the Valsalva maneuver, such as a Valsalva maneuver visualization quantification device disclosed in the Chinese patent with the publication number CN108186005A, can realize the visualization of the patient's exhaled air, but cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the patient's own physique, resulting in the completion of the Valsalva maneuver not being accurate enough. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a visual quantification device for Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic angiography, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that when using the visual quantification device for Valsalva maneuver, the patient cannot make adaptive adjustments according to the patient's own physical condition, resulting in the inaccurate completion of the Valsalva maneuver.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] Specifically, a visual quantification device for Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging is provided, including a breathing mechanism for collecting breathing data of a patient, the breathing mechanism being equipped with a control module and a timer, the breathing mechanism transmitting the breathing data to the control module, and the timer being used to record time data of the patient's breathing process; a blood pressure monitor for collecting blood pressure data of the patient and transmitting the blood pressure data to the control module; a heart rate monitor for collecting heart rate data of the patient and transmitting the heart rate data to the control module; the control module pre-collects a historical training data set, and based on the historical training data set, trains a machine learning model for predicting the expiratory pressure value of the breathing mechanism; the control module uses a machine learning model to predict the expiratory pressure value of the breathing mechanism based on the breathing data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data, and the breathing mechanism generates a control strategy based on the expiratory pressure value to cooperate with the patient to complete the Valsalva maneuver.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: the historical training data set includes N groups of training data, each group of training data includes feature data and label data, wherein the feature data includes breathing data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data;

[0007] The respiratory data is the average respiratory volume of the patient when collecting each set of training data;

[0008] The time data is the length of time the timer records the patient's breathing process when collecting each set of training data;

[0009] The blood pressure data refers to the blood pressure values ​​of the patient collected by the blood pressure monitor when collecting each set of training data, and the blood pressure values ​​include diastolic pressure and systolic pressure;

[0010] The heart rate data is the heart rate value of the patient collected by the heart rate monitor when collecting each set of training data;

[0011] The label data is the expiratory pressure value of the breathing mechanism when the patient uses the breathing mechanism to complete the Valsalva maneuver when collecting each set of training data.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the average respiratory volume is collected in the following manner:

[0013] The control module presets a blood pressure threshold and a heart rate threshold of the patient, and when the blood pressure value of the patient collected by the blood pressure monitor is less than the blood pressure threshold and the heart rate value of the patient collected by the heart rate monitor is less than the heart rate threshold, the average respiratory volume is obtained;

[0014] Average respiratory volume = total respiratory volume / n;

[0015] The total respiratory volume is the total volume of air inhaled by the patient when using the respiratory mechanism, and n is the number of breaths taken by the patient in the process of inhaling the total volume of air.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the control module trains a machine learning model for predicting the expiratory pressure value of the respiratory mechanism in the following manner:

[0017] The feature data in each set of training data is converted into a feature vector, and each set of feature vectors is used as the input of the machine learning model. The expiratory pressure value predicted by the machine learning model for each set of feature data is used as the output, and the expiratory pressure value in the label data corresponding to each set of feature data is used as the prediction target. Minimizing the sum of the prediction accuracies of all feature vectors is used as the training target;

[0018] Among them, the calculation formula for prediction accuracy is ai = (bi-ci) 2 , where ai is the prediction accuracy, bi is the predicted expiratory pressure value corresponding to the i-th group of feature vectors, and ci is the expiratory pressure value in the i-th group of label data. The machine learning model is trained until the sum of the prediction accuracies reaches convergence and the training is stopped, i≤N.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: the breathing mechanism includes an exhalation duct, one end of the exhalation duct is connected to a connecting duct, the end of the connecting duct away from the exhalation duct is connected to a breathing mask, a barometer is provided on the top surface of the exhalation duct, the barometer is used to collect the exhalation pressure value, a flow meter is installed in the middle position inside the connecting duct, and a detachable breathing tube is provided inside the breathing mask.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention: the connecting pipe includes a pipe body, one end of the pipe body is provided with a disassembly piece, the end of the pipe body close to the breathing mask is provided with a main channel, and the top surface of the pipe body is provided with a secondary channel.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention: the breathing nozzle includes a breathing nozzle, the breathing nozzle matches the main channel, one end of the breathing tube is fixedly connected with an inhalation tube and an exhalation tube, the inner sides of the inhalation tube and the exhalation tube are provided with arc plates, and the inhalation tube matches the secondary channel.

[0022] As a further solution of the present invention: a power supply module, a clock module and a timer are provided inside the exhalation duct;

[0023] The timer is divided into an inhalation circuit and an exhalation circuit. The inhalation circuit is closed by connecting the pipe, the inhalation pipe and the arc plate in the inhalation pipe, and the exhalation circuit is closed by connecting the pipe, the exhalation pipe and the arc plate in the exhalation pipe.

[0024] The clock module collects the time when the inhalation circuit is disconnected as the inhalation time, and collects the time when the exhalation circuit is disconnected as the exhalation time.

[0025] As a further solution of the present invention: the control module generates a control time according to the inhalation time and the exhalation time;

[0026]

[0027] where t 控制 To control time, is the inhalation time, is the exhalation time, x and y are nonlinear factors, P is the exhalation pressure value, and k is the proportional coefficient.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention: the control strategy comprises three stages, namely, the inhalation stage, the breath holding stage and the exhalation stage, and the time lengths of the inhalation stage, the breath holding stage and the exhalation stage are all t 控制 , the barometer reading corresponding to the inhalation phase is not less than P.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0030] 1. In the present invention, through the control module set up, when the patient uses the visual quantification device to perform the Valsalva maneuver, the control module will collect the patient's respiratory data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data in real time, and then the control module uses the machine learning model to predict the expiratory pressure value required for the patient to perform the Valsalva maneuver based on the patient's respiratory data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data. The expiratory pressure value is consistent with the patient's own physical condition. When the patient completes the Valsalva maneuver according to the control strategy generated by the respiratory mechanism based on the expiratory pressure value, it is a standard Valsalva maneuver. Medical staff can give an accurate disease identification according to the patient's subsequent symptoms, which is helpful for confirming the patient's disease and is less likely to cause misdiagnosis.

[0031] 2. In the present invention, the breathing tube is provided, and since the inhalation tube only takes in air and the exhalation tube only lets out air, when the patient uses the breathing mechanism, he or she only inhales external air through the inhalation tube, and does not need to inhale external air through the exhalation duct and the connecting duct. Therefore, cross infection with other patients will not occur, which greatly improves the safety of the repeated use of the breathing mechanism and is suitable for promotion in various departments of the hospital.

[0032] 3. In the present invention, by embedding wires inside the arc plate, the pipe body and the disassembly part, when the pipe body and the disassembly part are closed, a loop is formed with the microprocessor, the power module and the built-in wires of the arc plate. The clock module collects the time when the inhalation circuit is disconnected as the inhalation time, and collects the time when the exhalation circuit is disconnected as the exhalation time. The inhalation time and the exhalation time are then converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the control module, thereby accurately visualizing the patient's breathing time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a working flow chart of the control module in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the breathing mechanism in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting pipeline in the present invention

[0037] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the connecting pipe in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the breathing tube in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the air intake circuit in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the exhalation circuit in the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: 1. exhalation pipe; 2. bracket; 3. connecting pipe; 31. pipe body; 32. disassembly part; 33. fastening rod; 34. main channel; 35. auxiliary channel; 4. breathing mask; 41. breathing tube; 411. breathing mouth; 412. inhalation tube; 413. exhalation tube; 414. arc plate; 5. flow meter; 6. barometer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the present invention discloses a visualized quantification device for Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging, including a breathing mechanism for collecting respiratory data of patients. It should be noted that the breathing mechanism can adopt the breathing mechanism in Example 2, and can also adopt the existing syringe in the hospital. When the syringe is selected, it is necessary to connect the output end of the syringe to the flow meter 5 and the barometer 6. The breathing mechanism is loaded with a control module and a timer, and the control module is loaded on the microprocessor. Therefore, when the syringe is used, the control module can be loaded on the computer, and the flow meter 5 and the barometer 6 connected to the delivery end of the syringe are connected to the computer to ensure that the flow meter 5 and the barometer 6 can convert the collected data into electrical signals and transmit them to the computer, so that the control module can collect the data on the flow meter 5 and the barometer 6, and the breathing mechanism transmits the respiratory data to the control module. The timer is used to record the time data of the patient's breathing process.

[0045] It should also be noted that the flow meter 5, the barometer 6 and the timer are all operated visually. Specifically, the flow meter 5, the barometer 6 and the timer can be connected to a terminal device via a wireless network. The terminal device can be a mobile phone terminal or a computer terminal. The terminal device directly displays the values ​​of the flow meter 5, the barometer 6 and the timer, ensuring that the patient and medical staff can directly obtain various data generated when the patient performs the Valsalva maneuver, which is convenient for medical staff to diagnose.

[0046] The blood pressure monitor can use the existing blood pressure monitor in the hospital, or the technicians in this field can select a blood pressure monitor of appropriate specifications based on the visual quantification device. The function of the blood pressure monitor is to collect the patient's blood pressure data and transmit the blood pressure data to the control module.

[0047] The heart rate monitor can also utilize the existing blood pressure monitor in the hospital. Similarly, technicians in this field can select a heart rate monitor of appropriate specifications based on the visual quantification device. The function of the heart rate monitor is to collect the patient's heart rate data and transmit the heart rate data to the control module.

[0048] The control module collects a set of historical training data in advance, and trains a machine learning model to predict the expiratory pressure value of the respiratory mechanism based on the historical training data set. It should be noted that the expiratory pressure value refers to the pressure that the patient needs to reach when exhaling when performing the Valsalva maneuver. If the pressure of the exhaled air cannot reach the expiratory pressure value when the patient performs the Valsalva maneuver, then the Valsalva maneuver performed by the patient will be non-standard, and the patient will not produce the corresponding symptoms. Medical staff are prone to misdiagnosis, which is not conducive to the qualitative diagnosis of the patient's condition.

[0049] The historical training data set includes N groups of training data, each group of training data includes feature data and label data, wherein the feature data includes respiratory data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data. It should be noted that the historical training data set is collected by technicians in this field during clinical use. For example, technicians in this field can perform Valsalva maneuvers on patients of different ages and different physical conditions. In the process of completing the Valsalva maneuver, technicians in this field can make targeted adjustments to the label data according to the patient's completion of the Valsalva maneuver to ensure that the machine learning model can be adequately trained.

[0050] The breathing data is the average breathing volume of the patient when collecting each set of training data. It should be noted that the patient's breathing process is divided into the inhalation phase and the exhalation phase, and the average breathing volume is to record the average amount of air exhaled or inhaled by the patient after a certain period of time. The average breathing volume is collected in the following way:

[0051] The control module presets the patient's blood pressure threshold and heart rate threshold, which are specifically set by technicians in this field based on their own experience. If the blood pressure value collected by the blood pressure monitor is less than the blood pressure threshold and the heart rate value collected by the heart rate monitor is less than the heart rate threshold, the average respiratory volume is obtained:

[0052] Average respiratory volume = total respiratory volume / n;

[0053] The total respiratory volume is the total volume of air inhaled by the patient when using the respiratory mechanism, and n is the number of breaths taken by the patient in the process of inhaling the total volume of air.

[0054] The time data is the length of time the timer records the patient's breathing process when collecting each set of training data. It should be noted that the patient's breathing process is divided into an inhalation phase and an exhalation phase, and the length of the breathing process is the length of time recorded in the inhalation phase and the exhalation phase.

[0055] Blood pressure data refers to the blood pressure values ​​of patients collected by a blood pressure monitor when collecting each set of training data. The blood pressure values ​​include diastolic pressure and systolic pressure.

[0056] The heart rate data refers to the heart rate value of the patient collected by the heart rate monitor when collecting each set of training data.

[0057] The label data is the expiratory pressure value of the breathing mechanism when the patient uses the breathing mechanism to complete the Valsalva maneuver when collecting each set of training data.

[0058] The control module trains a machine learning model to predict the expiratory pressure value of the respiratory mechanism as follows:

[0059] The feature data in each set of training data is converted into a feature vector, and each set of feature vectors is used as the input of the machine learning model. The expiratory pressure value predicted by the machine learning model for each set of feature data is used as the output, and the expiratory pressure value in the label data corresponding to each set of feature data is used as the prediction target. Minimizing the sum of the prediction accuracies of all feature vectors is used as the training goal.

[0060] Among them, the calculation formula for prediction accuracy is ai=(bi-ci)2, where ai is the prediction accuracy, bi is the predicted expiratory pressure value corresponding to the i-th group of feature vectors, and ci is the expiratory pressure value in the i-th group of label data. The machine learning model is trained until the sum of the prediction accuracies reaches convergence and the training is stopped, i≤N. It should be noted that the convergence standard is set by technical personnel in this field according to the specific model training situation.

[0061] The control module collects the patient's respiratory data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data in real time, and uses a machine learning model to predict the expiratory pressure value of the respiratory mechanism based on the respiratory data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data. The respiratory mechanism generates a control strategy based on the expiratory pressure value to cooperate with the patient to complete the Valsalva maneuver.

[0062] It should be noted that, through the set control module, when the patient uses the visual quantification device to perform the Valsalva maneuver, the control module will collect the patient's respiratory data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data in real time, and then the control module uses the machine learning model to predict the expiratory pressure value required for the patient to perform the Valsalva maneuver based on the patient's respiratory data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data. The expiratory pressure value is consistent with the patient's physical condition. When the patient completes the Valsalva maneuver according to the control strategy generated by the respiratory mechanism based on the expiratory pressure value, it is a standard Valsalva maneuver. Medical staff can give an accurate diagnosis of the disease based on the patient's subsequent symptoms, which is helpful for confirming the patient's condition and is less likely to cause misdiagnosis.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] like Figure 2As shown, the breathing mechanism includes an exhalation pipe 1, a microprocessor is arranged inside the exhalation pipe 1, and a control module is loaded on the microprocessor. One end of the exhalation pipe 1 is connected to a connecting pipe 3, and the end of the connecting pipe 3 away from the exhalation pipe 1 is connected to a breathing mask 4. The bottom surface of the connecting pipe 3 is rotatably connected to a bracket 2, and the bracket 2 can be retractable, so that the breathing mask 4 can be adaptively adjusted according to the height of the patient's mouth and nose to ensure that the patient can wear the breathing mask 4 when he is in a comfortable sitting position. Those skilled in the art can also install universal wheels at the bottom of the bracket 2 to move the breathing mechanism according to the needs of the hospital, and install horizontal tracks on the top surface of the bracket 2 so that the connecting pipe 3 can move in the horizontal direction on the top surface of the bracket 2 to adjust the position of the breathing mask 4. A barometer 6 is provided on the top surface of the exhalation pipe 1, and the barometer 6 is used to collect the exhalation pressure value. A flow meter 5 is installed at the middle position inside the connecting pipe 3, and a detachable breathing tube 41 is provided inside the breathing mask 4.

[0065] It should be noted that when the patient uses the breathing mechanism, the patient needs to hold the breathing tube 41 in his mouth and breathe through the breathing tube 41. Therefore, the breathing tube 41 is made of disposable medical plastic material and is sealed in a sterile bag before use to ensure the safety of the patient when using the breathing tube 41. It should also be noted that the breathing mask 4 can be designed as an integrated whole with the breathing tube 41, so that when different patients use the breathing mechanism, contact can be prevented by replacing the breathing mask 4 and the breathing tube 41, thereby preventing contact-type cross infection.

[0066] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the connecting pipe 3 includes a pipe body 31, a disassembly piece 32 is provided at one end of the pipe body 31, a main channel 34 is provided at the end of the pipe body 31 close to the breathing mask 4, a secondary channel 35 is provided on the top surface of the pipe body 31, a plurality of fastening rods 33 are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the disassembly piece 32, a plurality of fastening holes corresponding to the fastening rods 33 are provided on the top surface of the pipe body 31 close to the plurality of fastening rods 33, and the disassembly piece 32 can be installed on the pipe body 31 through the cooperation of the fastening rods 33 and the fastening holes.

[0067] When in use, first remove the disassembly part 32 from the pipe body 31, then replace the used breathing mask 4 and breathing tube 41, and then install the disassembly part 32 on the pipe body 31 through the cooperation of the fastening rod 33 and the fastening hole, thereby realizing the replacement of the breathing mask 4 and the breathing tube 41.

[0068] like Figure 5As shown, the breathing tube 41 includes a breathing nozzle 411, which matches the main channel 34. One end of the breathing nozzle 411 is fixedly connected to an inhalation tube 412 and an exhalation tube 413. The inner sides of the inhalation tube 412 and the exhalation tube 413 are both provided with an arc plate 414, and the inhalation tube 412 matches the secondary channel 35.

[0069] It should be noted that the material of the curved plate 414 is the same as that of the breathing tube 41, both of which are medical plastic materials. In addition, the joint between the curved plate 414 and the suction tube 412 or the exhalation tube 413 is pleated to ensure that the curved plate 414 in the suction tube 412 is easy to bend inward, which means inward toward the inner cavity of the breathing nozzle 411, and the curved plate 414 in the exhalation tube 413 is easy to bend outward, which means outward toward the outside of the exhalation tube 413.

[0070] When the patient bites the breathing nozzle 411, he can first perform the inhalation operation. At this time, the arc plate 414 in the exhalation tube 413 seals the exhalation tube 413, and the arc plate 414 in the inhalation tube 412 bends inward to open the inhalation tube 412. The external air can enter the breathing nozzle 411 through the inhalation tube 412, and then enter the patient's respiratory tract through the breathing nozzle 411.

[0071] Then the exhalation operation can be performed. At this time, the arc plate 414 in the exhalation tube 413 bends outward to open the exhalation tube 413. The air exhaled by the patient can enter the connecting pipe 3 and the exhalation pipe 1 through the exhalation tube 413. At this time, the arc plate 414 in the inhalation pipe 412 seals the inhalation pipe 412. The barometer 6 in the exhalation pipe 1 and the flowmeter 5 in the connecting pipe 3 can respectively collect the exhalation pressure value and the exhalation flow rate of the patient when exhaling.

[0072] It should also be noted that since the suction tube 412 only takes in air and the exhalation tube 413 only lets out air, when using the respiratory mechanism, the patient will only inhale external air through the suction tube 412, and does not need to inhale external air through the exhalation duct 1 and the connecting duct 3. Therefore, there will be no cross infection with other patients. This greatly improves the safety of the reuse of the respiratory mechanism and is suitable for promotion in various departments of the hospital.

[0073] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a power module, a clock module and a timer are arranged inside the exhalation pipe 1; the timer is divided into an inhalation circuit and an exhalation circuit, the inhalation circuit is closed through the connecting pipe 3, the inhalation pipe 412 and the arc plate 414 in the inhalation pipe 412, and the exhalation circuit is closed through the connecting pipe 3, the exhalation pipe 413 and the arc plate 414 in the exhalation pipe 413, the clock module collects the time when the inhalation circuit is disconnected as the inhalation time, and collects the time when the exhalation circuit is disconnected as the exhalation time.

[0074] It should be noted that the power module provides power to the microprocessor and the clock module in the exhalation duct 1, and a wire can be embedded inside the arc plate 414. One end of the wire passes through the arc plate 414 and passes through the joint of the suction tube 412 and the exhalation tube 413 to form a first terminal on the outer surface of the suction tube 412 and the exhalation tube 413, and a second terminal is set on the outer surface of the suction tube 412 and the exhalation tube 413 near the other end of the arc plate 414. When the movable end of the arc plate 414 contacts the inner wall of the suction tube 412 and the exhalation tube 413, the wire inside the arc plate 414 can connect the first terminal and the second terminal. When the arc plate 414 bends and loses contact with the inner wall of the suction tube 412 and the exhalation tube 413, the first terminal and the second terminal are disconnected.

[0075] Wires are also arranged inside the pipe body 31 and the disassembly part 32. When the pipe body 31 and the disassembly part 32 are closed, the wires form a loop with the microprocessor, the power module and the built-in wires of the arc plate 414. The clock module collects the time when the inhalation circuit is disconnected as the inhalation time, and collects the time when the exhalation circuit is disconnected as the exhalation time. The inhalation time and the exhalation time are then converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the control module, thereby accurately visualizing the patient's breathing time.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] The control module generates a control time according to the inhalation time and the exhalation time;

[0078]

[0079] where t 控制 To control time, is the inhalation time, is the exhalation time, x and y are nonlinear factors, which can be fractions less than 1 or values ​​greater than 1, representing the nonlinear relationship between the inhalation time and the exhalation time, P is the exhalation pressure value, and k is the proportionality coefficient. It should be noted that the values ​​of x, y and k are obtained by a person skilled in the art using a computer simulation. The specific method is that a person skilled in the art collects a large number of inhalation and exhalation times and the corresponding P and t in advance. 控制 The data is then input into the computer to simulate t 控制 The values ​​of x, y and k are determined in relation to the inspiration time and the expiration time.

[0080] The control strategy consists of three stages: inspiration stage, breath holding stage and exhalation stage. The duration of inspiration stage, breath holding stage and exhalation stage is t 控制 , the reading of the barometer 6 corresponding to the inhalation stage is not less than P.

[0081] It should be noted that a display screen can be provided on the barometer 6, which displays the time lengths of the patient's inhalation phase, breath-holding phase and exhalation phase. The patient can inhale, hold the breath and exhale according to the time length of the display screen and the control phase. When exhaling, it is necessary to ensure that the reading of the barometer 6 is not less than P, so that the Valsalva maneuver completed by the patient is standard.

[0082] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for visualizing and quantifying the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging, characterized in that: include: A breathing mechanism is used to collect the patient's breathing data. The breathing mechanism is equipped with a control module and a timer. The breathing mechanism transmits the breathing data to the control module. The timer is used to record the time data of the patient's breathing process and transmit the time data to the control module. A blood pressure monitor, used to collect blood pressure data of the patient and transmit the blood pressure data to the control module; A heart rate monitor, used to collect the patient's heart rate data and transmit the heart rate data to the control module; The control module collects a historical training data set in advance, and trains a machine learning model for predicting the expiratory pressure value of the respiratory mechanism based on the historical training data set; The control module uses a machine learning model based on respiratory data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data to predict the expiratory pressure value of the respiratory mechanism. The respiratory mechanism generates a control strategy based on the expiratory pressure value to cooperate with the patient to complete the Valsalva maneuver.

2. The device for visualizing and quantifying the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The historical training data set includes N groups of training data, each group of training data includes feature data and label data, wherein the feature data includes breathing data, time data, blood pressure data and heart rate data; N is a positive integer; The respiratory data is the average respiratory volume of the patient when collecting each set of training data; The time data is the length of time the timer records the patient's breathing process when collecting each set of training data; The blood pressure data refers to the blood pressure values ​​of the patient collected by the blood pressure monitor when collecting each set of training data, and the blood pressure values ​​include diastolic pressure and systolic pressure; The heart rate data is the heart rate value of the patient collected by the heart rate monitor when collecting each set of training data; The label data is the expiratory pressure value of the breathing mechanism when the patient uses the breathing mechanism to complete the Valsalva maneuver when collecting each set of training data.

3. The device for visualizing and quantifying the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging according to claim 2, characterized in that: The average respiratory volume is collected in the following manner: The control module presets a blood pressure threshold and a heart rate threshold of the patient, and when the blood pressure value of the patient collected by the blood pressure monitor is less than the blood pressure threshold and the heart rate value of the patient collected by the heart rate monitor is less than the heart rate threshold, the average respiratory volume is obtained; Average respiratory volume = total respiratory volume / n; The total respiratory volume is the total volume of air inhaled by the patient when using the respiratory mechanism, and n is the number of breaths taken by the patient in the process of inhaling the total volume of air.

4. The device for visualizing and quantifying the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control module trains a machine learning model for predicting the expiratory pressure value of the respiratory mechanism in the following manner: The feature data in each set of training data is converted into a feature vector, and each set of feature vectors is used as the input of the machine learning model. The expiratory pressure value predicted by the machine learning model for each set of feature data is used as the output, and the expiratory pressure value in the label data corresponding to each set of feature data is used as the prediction target. Minimizing the sum of the prediction accuracies of all feature vectors is used as the training target; Among them, the calculation formula for prediction accuracy is ai = (bi-ci) 2 , where ai is the prediction accuracy, bi is the predicted expiratory pressure value corresponding to the i-th group of feature vectors, and ci is the expiratory pressure value in the i-th group of label data. The machine learning model is trained until the sum of the prediction accuracies reaches convergence and the training is stopped, i≤N.

5. The device for visualizing and quantifying the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging according to claim 4, characterized in that: The breathing mechanism comprises an exhalation pipe (1), one end of the exhalation pipe (1) is connected to a connecting pipe (3), one end of the connecting pipe (3) away from the exhalation pipe (1) is connected to a breathing mask (4), a barometer (6) is provided on the top surface of the exhalation pipe (1), the barometer (6) is used to collect the exhalation pressure value, a flow meter (5) is installed at the middle position inside the connecting pipe (3), and a detachable breathing tube (41) is provided inside the breathing mask (4).

6. The device for visualizing and quantifying the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting pipe (3) comprises a pipe body (31), one end of which is provided with a disassembly piece (32), one end of the pipe body (31) close to the breathing mask (4) is provided with a main channel (34), and the top surface of the pipe body (31) is provided with a secondary channel (35).

7. The device for visualizing and quantifying the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging according to claim 6, characterized in that: The breathing tube (41) comprises a breathing nozzle (411), the breathing nozzle (411) matches the main channel (34), one end of the breathing nozzle (411) is fixedly connected to an inhalation tube (412) and an exhalation tube (413), the inner sides of the inhalation tube (412) and the exhalation tube (413) are both provided with an arc plate (414), and the inhalation tube (412) matches the secondary channel (35).

8. The device for visualizing and quantifying the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging according to claim 7, characterized in that: The exhalation duct (1) is provided with a power supply module, a clock module and a timer inside; The timer is divided into an inhalation circuit and an exhalation circuit. The inhalation circuit is closed through the connecting pipe (3), the inhalation pipe (412) and the arc plate (414) in the inhalation pipe (412), and the exhalation circuit is closed through the connecting pipe (3), the exhalation pipe (413) and the arc plate (414) in the exhalation pipe (413). The clock module collects the time when the inhalation circuit is disconnected as the inhalation time, and collects the time when the exhalation circuit is disconnected as the exhalation time.

9. The device for visualizing and quantifying the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control module generates a control time according to the inhalation time and the exhalation time; where t 控制 To control time, is the inhalation time, is the exhalation time, x and y are nonlinear factors, P is the exhalation pressure value, and k is the proportional coefficient.

10. The device for visualizing and quantifying the Valsalva maneuver during right heart acoustic contrast imaging according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control strategy consists of three stages, namely the inhalation stage, the breath-holding stage and the exhalation stage. The duration of the inhalation stage, the breath-holding stage and the exhalation stage is t 控制 , the reading of the barometer (6) corresponding to the inhalation phase is not less than P.

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