Multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform and magnetron\traveling wave tube maintenance method

Abstract

A multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform and a magnetron / traveling wave tube maintenance method adopt platform intelligent management technology and have the ability of automatic matching and error prevention of tube type parameters; have automatic control of the power-on maintenance process, automatically complete the power-on maintenance process of the traveling wave tube and magnetron according to the selected tube type, and generate a report; have an automatic status monitoring function, use different types of sensors and instruments to monitor the state parameters of the electric vacuum device and the system operation status in real time, including the working time, voltage, current, power and other parameters during the power-on maintenance period; have a fault alarm function, can automatically diagnose and predict faults according to the fault diagnosis logic, and perform emergency fault handling. During the maintenance process, when a circuit fails, the high-voltage power supply can be automatically cut off and the fault module can be displayed at the same time. The integrated design of multiple test platforms ensures the normal switching of various working modes and is easy to use and operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electric vacuum device maintenance, and mainly relates to a multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform and a magnetron / traveling wave tube maintenance method. Background Art

[0002] Electrovacuum devices refer to electronic devices that use electrons to operate in a vacuum state, specifically referring to core devices of radar transmitters such as traveling wave tubes and magnetrons.

[0003] According to the characteristics of vacuum devices, long-term storage will cause the vacuum degree in the tube to decrease, resulting in insufficient withstand voltage and cathode poisoning, and in severe cases, may lead to device failure. In order to ensure the stable and reliable performance of the vacuum devices in the equipment, they should be powered on at least once every six months. In the past, there were two main methods for power-on maintenance of vacuum devices: one was maintenance on the equipment, that is, replacing the backup magnetron or traveling wave tube for power-on maintenance. This method was cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive to operate, and there was a risk that vacuum devices whose performance had not been confirmed could easily cause failures in other radar components; the second was to go to the manufacturer for power-on inspection and maintenance. Since different types of vacuum devices are produced by different manufacturers, this method had problems such as difficulty in coordination, frequent travel of personnel, and uncontrollable cycles.

[0004] Therefore, a multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform is constructed to facilitate regular power-on maintenance, status inspection and parameter testing of the electric vacuum devices, to ensure that the electric vacuum devices are in good technical condition for a long time and to further enhance the equipment support capability. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, the present invention provides a multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform and a magnetron / traveling wave tube maintenance method.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0007] A multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform, comprising:

[0008] Control computer, cooling system, monitoring equipment, cabinet I, cabinet II, magnetron aging platform, traveling wave tube aging platform and load module;

[0009] The cabinet I comprises:

[0010] The filament power supply module provides filament voltage for the magnetron and the traveling wave tube. The filament power supply module has an adjustable DC voltage of 0 to 30 V and a maximum operating current of 15 A.

[0011] A cathode power supply module provides cathode voltage for the magnetron and the traveling wave tube. The cathode power supply module has an adjustable output voltage of 5 to 35 kV, a maximum average current of 100 mA, and a withstand voltage of 50 kV to ground.

[0012] The pulse generator module provides control timing for the magnetron and the traveling wave tube to ensure that the duty cycle of the system meets the index requirements. The pulse generator module can generate a pulse width of 0.5 to 50 μs, a pulse repetition frequency of 100 to 5000 Hz, a pulse amplitude of not less than 15V, and a pulse leading and trailing edge of not more than 0.15 μs.

[0013] A pre-adjuster module is used to amplify the power of the timing pulse sent by the pulse generator module, and the output pulse amplitude of the pre-adjuster module is not less than 150V;

[0014] The solid-state modulator module is a high-power electronic switch, whose on and off are controlled by the 150V pre-modulation pulse sent by the pre-modulator module, thereby controlling the normal operation of the magnetron and the traveling wave tube;

[0015] The cabinet II comprises:

[0016] A frequency source module provides an excitation signal for the traveling wave tube. The frequency source module outputs a continuous wave with a frequency range of 100 MHz to 30 GHz and an output power range of -30 to 20 dBm.

[0017] The pre-amplifier module amplifies the excitation signal sent by the frequency source module to ensure the normal operation of the traveling wave tube. The gain of the pre-amplifier module is 43dB.

[0018] The gate-controlled modulator module is a high-power electronic switch, whose on and off are controlled by the 150V pre-adjusted pulse sent by the pre-adjuster module, thereby controlling the normal operation of the traveling wave tube;

[0019] The collector power module provides the collector voltage for the traveling wave tube. The output voltage of the collector power module is adjustable from 10 to 35 kV, the maximum average current is 300 mA, and the withstand voltage to ground is 50 kV.

[0020] Titanium pump power module, checks and maintains the vacuum degree inside the traveling wave tube. The output voltage of the titanium pump power module is adjustable from 2.5 to 4 kV, the maximum average current is 10 mA, and the withstand voltage to ground is 50 kV;

[0021] The cooling system dissipates heat for the cathode power supply, collector power supply, magnetron, traveling wave tube and load module;

[0022] The monitoring device is used to monitor the output power and envelope waveform of the magnetron and the traveling wave tube;

[0023] The control computer is used for powering on and off the maintenance platform, parameter setting and centralized parameter display;

[0024] The load module comprises:

[0025] High-power absorption load, used to absorb high-power pulse signals during normal radiation of magnetron and traveling wave tube, with a maximum average power of 1kW;

[0026] High-frequency waveguide connection components connect the magnetron and the load, the traveling wave tube and the load to prevent standing waves;

[0027] The directional coupler attenuates high-power pulse signals and couples out a small amount of pulse signals for use by monitoring equipment. The attenuation of the directional coupler is -43dB.

[0028] The control computer is used for powering on and off the maintenance platform, including: controlling the filament power module, cathode power module, collector power module, pulse generator module, frequency source module, titanium pump power module, cooling system, and monitoring equipment on and off.

[0029] The control computer can perform system configuration on the maintenance platform, and edit and call the magnetron / traveling wave tube model, tube number, and parameter configuration database.

[0030] The control computer can monitor the system status of the maintenance platform, and the user can view the power-on status, output power, equipment operating status, remaining aging time, temperature, and waveforms of the magnetron and traveling wave tube.

[0031] A magnetron maintenance method is applied to the multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform, and comprises the following steps:

[0032] The 50Hz-380V power supply distributes power to each module of the platform through the distribution box;

[0033] First, the control computer controls the filament power module to work and preheat the magnetron;

[0034] Secondly, the control computer controls the cooling system to dissipate heat to the magnetron, load module, and cathode power module through water cooling;

[0035] Third, the pulse generator module generates a corresponding timing pulse according to the parameter index sent by the control computer, and the timing pulse is amplified by the pre-modulator module and used as a switching pulse of the solid-state modulator module;

[0036] Fourth, the cathode power supply module is controlled by the control computer. When the solid-state modulator module is turned on, the positive electrode of the cathode power supply module forms a discharge circuit through the magnetron cathode → magnetron anode → solid-state modulator module anode → solid-state modulator module cathode → cathode of the cathode power supply module. The magnetron generates high-frequency oscillation under the cathode high voltage. When the solid-state modulator module is turned off, the magnetron stops oscillating.

[0037] The working states of the pulse generator module, cooling system module, cathode power module, filament power module and monitoring equipment module are fed back to the computer through sensors, and are displayed and saved in real time.

[0038] A traveling wave tube maintenance method is applied to the multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform, and the traveling wave tube maintenance method includes: a maintenance method for a cathode-controlled traveling wave tube and a maintenance method for a grid-controlled traveling wave tube.

[0039] The maintenance method of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube comprises the following steps:

[0040] The 50Hz-380V power supply distributes power to each module of the platform through the distribution box;

[0041] First, the control computer controls the filament power module and the titanium pump power module to work, so as to preheat and dehumidify the filament of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube;

[0042] Secondly, the control computer controls the cooling system to dissipate heat to the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube, load module, cathode power module, and collector power module through water cooling;

[0043] Third, the pulse generator generates a corresponding timing pulse according to the parameter index sent by the control computer, and the timing pulse is amplified by the pre-modulator module and used as the switching pulse of the solid-state modulator module;

[0044] Fourth, the control computer controls the cathode power supply module and the collector power supply module to work. During the conduction period of the solid-state modulator module, the positive electrode of the cathode power supply module forms a discharge return through the cathode of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube → the anode of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube → the anode of the solid-state modulator module → the cathode of the solid-state modulator module → the negative electrode of the cathode power supply module. The cathode-controlled traveling wave tube amplifies the excitation signal sent by the preamplifier module under the action of the cathode high voltage. During the cut-off period of the solid-state modulator module, the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube stops working.

[0045] Fifth, the control computer controls the frequency source module to output a high-frequency signal, which is amplified by the pre-amplifier module and used as the excitation source of the negative-controlled traveling wave tube.

[0046] The working states of the frequency source module, pulse generator module, cooling system module, cathode power module, collector power module, titanium pump power module, filament power module and monitoring equipment are fed back to the control computer through sensors, and are displayed and saved in real time.

[0047] The maintenance method of the gate-controlled traveling wave tube comprises the following steps:

[0048] The 50Hz-380V power supply distributes power to each module of the platform through the distribution box;

[0049] First, the control computer controls the filament power module and the titanium pump power module to work, so as to preheat and dehumidify the filament of the grid-controlled traveling wave tube;

[0050] Secondly, the control computer controls the cooling system to dissipate heat to the grid-controlled traveling wave tube, load module, cathode power module, and collector power module through water cooling;

[0051] Third, the pulse generator module generates a corresponding timing pulse according to the parameter index sent by the control computer, and the timing pulse is amplified by the pre-adjuster module and used as the switching pulse of the gate-controlled modulator module;

[0052] Fourth, the control computer controls the cathode power supply module and the collector power supply module to work. During the conduction period of the gate-controlled modulator module, the positive electrode of the cathode power supply module forms a discharge return through the gate-controlled traveling wave tube cathode → the gate-controlled traveling wave tube anode → the gate-controlled modulator module anode → the gate-controlled modulator module cathode → the cathode of the cathode power supply module. The gate-controlled traveling wave tube module amplifies the excitation signal sent by the pre-amplifier module under the action of the cathode high voltage; during the gate-controlled modulator cut-off period, the gate-controlled traveling wave tube stops working;

[0053] Fifth, the control computer controls the frequency source to output a high-frequency signal, which is amplified by the preamplifier module and used as the excitation source of the grid-controlled traveling wave tube;

[0054] The working states of the frequency source module, pulse generator module, cooling system module, cathode power module, collector power module, titanium pump power module, filament power module and monitoring equipment are fed back to the control computer through sensors, and are displayed and saved in real time.

[0055] Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0056] 1. Platform integrated design. The control computer of the electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform controls multiple modules such as the cooling system, monitoring equipment, and high-voltage power supply, and performs multi-test platform integrated design to ensure normal switching of various working modes and easy operation.

[0057] 2. Intelligent platform management. The electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform has a complex structure, many high-voltage components, and high safety requirements. During the test, the equipment operating status and parameters need to be monitored in real time. In order to simplify the operation and improve the efficiency of equipment support, the present invention adopts platform intelligent management technology. First, it has the ability to automatically match and prevent errors in tube type parameters; second, it has automatic control of the power-on maintenance process. According to the selected tube type, the power-on maintenance process of the traveling wave tube and magnetron is automatically completed, and a report is generated; third, it has an automatic status monitoring function, using different types of sensors and instruments to monitor the state parameters of the electric vacuum device and the system operating status in real time, including working time, voltage, current, power and other parameters during power-on maintenance; fourth, it has a fault alarm function, which can automatically diagnose and predict faults according to the fault diagnosis logic, and perform emergency fault handling. During the maintenance process, when a circuit fails, the high-voltage power supply can be automatically cut off and the fault module will be displayed at the same time.

[0058] 3. The platform has strong applicability. It can be used for the power-on maintenance of 14 types of tubes. At the same time, it can be expanded to take into account the power-on maintenance of other types of electric vacuum devices when the voltage and power levels are met.

[0059] 4. The platform can achieve progressive maintenance. When powered on for maintenance, it can achieve progressive maintenance from small duty cycle to large duty cycle and from small power to high power, minimizing the high-voltage sparking phenomenon caused by the decrease in vacuum in the tube.

[0060] 5. The platform is highly safe. First, it has measures and markings to prevent wrong insertion; second, the system is equipped with protection measures such as pipe overcurrent, high voltage overvoltage, and safe grounding, and high-voltage insulation pads are laid on the platform installation site; third, the system has a strict startup sequence to avoid equipment damage caused by misoperation; there is an interlock control designed between the cooling system and the power cabinet, and the high-voltage power supply shall not be powered on when the cooling system is not working; fourth, the high-voltage parts should be placed in a position that is not easy to touch, leaving enough insulation space, setting a "high voltage danger" warning sign, and adding a protective cover; it has an emergency forced power-off button. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of the electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform;

[0062] FIG2 is an electrical connection diagram of the magnetron power-on maintenance platform;

[0063] Figure 3 It is the electrical connection diagram for the power-on maintenance of the negative-controlled traveling wave tube;

[0064] Figure 4 This is the electrical connection diagram for powering on and maintaining a grid-controlled traveling wave tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0066] There are many types of electric vacuum devices, and their working parameters such as power, pulse width, repetition frequency, etc. are all different. Therefore, the electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform to be built should be universal, not only requiring power-on maintenance, status inspection and parameter testing functions for various types of magnetrons and traveling wave tubes, but also adapting to other types of electric vacuum devices within the design range of voltage level and power magnitude. Solve the current problem of difficult power-on maintenance of electric vacuum devices and ensure that the technical status of electric vacuum devices is good.

[0067] The power-on maintenance platform for electric vacuum devices mainly provides the power supply, control signal, excitation signal, etc. required for the normal operation of magnetrons and traveling wave tubes, so that they can work normally and achieve the maintenance purpose. It is composed of hardware equipment and control software, with good interaction between software and hardware and simple operation.

[0068] The platform adopts a three-phase four-wire power supply mode, and the working voltage is 50Hz-380V. The high-voltage power supply involved in the platform has a complete grounding network, which meets the safety requirements. Figure 1 shown.

[0069] Figure 1 In the system, except for the frequency source module, preamplifier module, gate-controlled modulator module, collector power module, and titanium pump power module of cabinet II, the remaining modules are shared by magnetrons and traveling wave tubes. Due to the different working principles of magnetrons and traveling wave tubes, it is also necessary to provide a signal from cabinet II when powering on and maintaining the traveling wave tube. The following describes the functions of each module.

[0070] 1. Control computer. The power-on control of the electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform is realized by computer. The power-on and power-off operation, parameter setting and centralized display of all parameters of the power-on maintenance platform are completed by operating the computer. The setting and display accuracy of relevant parameters can be freely set according to requirements, which is conducive to users to quickly grasp the working status of the test platform and electric vacuum devices. Its functional software is compatible with filament power supply, cathode power supply, collector power supply, pulse generator, frequency source, cooling system, monitoring equipment, etc. The system can be configured, with the function of editing and calling the magnetron / traveling wave tube model, tube number, parameter configuration database; the system status can be monitored, and users can view the power-on status, output power, equipment operation status, remaining aging time, temperature and other parameters are displayed prominently. When a fault occurs, the corresponding components can be automatically shut down; power-on maintenance reports can be generated and convenient for management and printing.

[0071] 2. Cooling system. Water cooling is used to dissipate heat when the platform is working. The main cooling modules are: cathode power supply, collector power supply, magnetron, traveling wave tube and load module. The cooling system can be started remotely by the control computer or locally. Its working status can be displayed on the control computer.

[0072] 3. Monitoring equipment. Including power meter and oscilloscope, the function is to monitor the output power and envelope waveform of magnetron and traveling wave tube. The monitoring equipment can be remotely controlled by the control computer or started locally. The test data of the power meter can be displayed in real time on the control computer.

[0073] 4. Cabinet I. All modules in cabinet I are common modules, that is, they are required when the magnetron and the traveling wave tube are powered on. They include filament power supply module, cathode power supply module, pulse generator module, pre-regulator module, solid-state modulator module, and load module.

[0074] (1) The filament power supply module is mainly used to provide filament voltage for magnetrons and traveling wave tubes. Since the filament voltages of various existing tube types are all within DC 15V and the operating currents are all below 5A, the indicators of the selected filament power supply module are required to be adjustable from DC 0 to 30V and the maximum operating current is 15A. The parameters are adjusted through the control computer.

[0075] (2) The cathode power supply module mainly provides cathode voltage for the magnetron and traveling wave tube, and it relies on the cooling system to dissipate heat during normal operation. Since the cathode working voltage of the magnetron is generally between 20 and 24 kV, the average working current is 20 mA, and the cathode working voltage of the traveling wave tube is between 27 and 30 kV, and the average working current is 60 mA, the cathode power supply module is selected with an adjustable output voltage of 5 to 35 kV, a maximum average current of 100 mA, and a withstand voltage of 50 kV to ground. The parameters are adjusted through the control computer.

[0076] (3) The pulse generator module mainly provides control timing for the magnetron and traveling wave tube to ensure that the duty cycle of the system meets the index requirements. The pulse generator can generate a pulse width adjustable from 0.5 to 50 μs, a pulse repetition frequency adjustable from 100 to 5000 Hz, a pulse amplitude not less than 15 V, and a pulse leading and trailing edge not greater than 0.15 μs. The parameters are adjusted through the control computer.

[0077] (4) The pre-modulator module mainly amplifies the timing pulse sent by the pulse generator to drive the solid-state modulator module and the gate-controlled modulator module. The output pulse amplitude is not less than 150V.

[0078] (5) The solid-state modulator module is a high-power electronic switch whose on and off are controlled by the 150V pre-modulation pulse sent by the pre-modulator module, thereby controlling the normal operation of the magnetron and traveling wave tube.

[0079] (6) The load module consists of a high-power absorption load, a high-frequency waveguide connection component, and a directional coupler. The high-power absorption load absorbs the high-power pulse signal during normal radiation of the magnetron and the traveling wave tube. It is cooled by the cooling system during operation, and the maximum average power resistance is 1kW.

[0080] The function of the high-frequency waveguide connection component is to connect the magnetron and the load, the traveling wave tube and the load to prevent standing waves. Since the existing tube types include S-band, C-band, and X-band, a set of waveguide connection components is prepared for each band.

[0081] The main function of the directional coupler is to attenuate high-power pulse signals and at the same time couple out a small amount of pulse signals for use by monitoring equipment. The attenuation of the directional coupler is -43dB.

[0082] 5. Cabinet II. All modules in cabinet II are only needed for the traveling wave tube, that is, they are only needed when the traveling wave tube is powered on. They include frequency source module, preamplifier module, gate-controlled modulator module, collector power module, and titanium pump power module.

[0083] (1) The function of the frequency source module is to provide an excitation signal for the traveling wave tube. Since the operating frequencies of existing traveling wave tubes include S band, C band, and X band, the selected frequency source outputs a continuous wave with a frequency range of 100 MHz to 30 GHz and an output power range of -30 to 20 dBm. The parameters can be set according to the input excitation requirements of the traveling wave tube, and the parameters are adjusted through the control computer.

[0084] (2) The function of the pre-amplifier module is to amplify the excitation signal sent by the frequency source to ensure the normal operation of the traveling wave tube. The gain of this amplifier is 43dB.

[0085] (3) The function of the gate-controlled modulator module is similar to that of the solid-state modulator module. It is also a high-power electronic switch, and its on and off are controlled by the 150V pre-modulated pulse sent by the pre-modulator module, thereby controlling the normal operation of the traveling wave tube.

[0086] (4) The function of the collector power module is to provide the collector voltage for the working of the traveling wave tube. The existing traveling wave tube collector voltage is between 15 and 30 kV, and the average current is 180 to 200 mA. Therefore, the selected collector power module has an adjustable output voltage of 10 to 35 kV, a maximum average current of 300 mA, and a withstand voltage of 50 kV to ground. The parameters are adjusted through the control computer.

[0087] (5) The titanium pump power module is a key module for checking and maintaining the vacuum degree inside the traveling wave tube. When the titanium pump current is greater than 10μA, it means that the vacuum degree inside the traveling wave tube has dropped seriously. At this time, it is strictly forbidden to operate the traveling wave tube with high voltage; when the titanium pump current is less than 10μA, it means that the vacuum degree inside the traveling wave tube meets the requirements and the traveling wave tube can be powered on for maintenance. The voltage of the existing traveling wave tube titanium pump is between 3 and 3.5kV, so the output voltage of the selected titanium pump power module is 2.5~4kV adjustable, the maximum average current is 10mA, and the withstand voltage to ground is 50kV. The parameters are adjusted by the control computer.

[0088] The structure of the power-on maintenance platform for vacuum devices is complex, with many high-voltage components and high safety requirements. During the test, the operating status and parameters of the equipment are monitored in real time through the control computer. In order to simplify the operation and improve the efficiency of equipment support, the platform intelligent management technology can be used. First, it has the ability to automatically match and prevent errors in tube type parameters; second, it has automatic control of the power-on maintenance process. According to the selected tube type, it automatically completes the power-on maintenance process of the traveling wave tube and magnetron, and generates a report; third, it has an automatic status monitoring function, using different types of sensors and instruments to monitor the status parameters of vacuum devices and the operating status of the system in real time, including working time, voltage, current, power and other parameters during power-on maintenance; fourth, it has a fault alarm function, which can automatically diagnose and predict faults according to the fault diagnosis logic, and perform emergency fault handling. During the maintenance process, when a circuit fails, it can automatically cut off the high-voltage power supply and display the fault module at the same time.

[0089] The full name of magnetron is magnetron oscillator. As the name implies, it can generate high-power high-frequency pulse signals through its own oscillation. The oscillation condition is to add high voltage to the cathode. Its starting voltage is generally around 15-18kV, and the stable working voltage is generally 20-24kV. According to the characteristics of the magnetron, it can only work in a pulse state, so it is also necessary to provide it with a timing pulse. In summary, the signals required for the normal operation of the magnetron include filament voltage, cathode high voltage, and modulation pulse. The electrical connections of the magnetron power-on maintenance platform are as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0090] The maintenance methods of magnetron are as follows:

[0091] The 50Hz-380V power supply distributes electrical energy to each module of the platform through the distribution box. The control computer controls the operation of each module, including the pulse generator module, cooling system module, cathode power supply module, filament power supply module, and monitoring equipment module. At the same time, the working status of each module is fed back to the computer through sensors, displayed and saved in real time.

[0092] First, control the filament power supply to work and preheat the magnetron.

[0093] Secondly, the cooling system works to dissipate heat for the magnetron, load, and cathode power supply through water cooling.

[0094] Third, the pulse generator generates a corresponding timing pulse according to the parameter indicators sent by the control computer. The timing pulse is amplified by the pre-modulator and serves as the switching pulse of the solid-state modulator.

[0095] Fourth, the cathode power supply works. During the conduction period of the solid-state modulator, the positive pole of the cathode power supply forms a discharge return through the magnetron cathode → magnetron anode → solid-state modulator anode → solid-state modulator cathode → cathode of the cathode power supply. The magnetron generates high-frequency oscillations under the action of the cathode high voltage. During the cut-off period of the solid-state modulator, the magnetron stops oscillating.

[0096] When maintaining a backup magnetron that has not been powered on for more than 3 months, first preheat the filament power supply for more than 30 minutes, then set the cathode power supply to 15kV, so that the magnetron is working in the initial oscillation state, and then increase it to the rated value of 20kV after 30 minutes. Maintenance is completed after 4 hours of continuous operation.

[0097] The full name of the traveling wave tube is the traveling wave tube amplifier. As the name implies, its function is to amplify the high-frequency signal sent by the frequency source and radiate it into space through the antenna. The working condition of the traveling wave tube is to apply high voltage to the cathode and collector respectively. The cathode voltage of the existing traveling wave tube is generally around 27-30kV, and the collector voltage is generally between 15-30kV. Both work in a pulse state, so it is also necessary to provide them with timing pulses. The existing traveling wave tubes are divided into two categories according to the control method: cathode-controlled traveling wave tubes and grid-controlled traveling wave tubes. They are introduced below.

[0098] (1) Maintenance method of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube

[0099] A cathode-controlled traveling wave tube is a tube in which a modulated pulse is directly added to the cathode of the traveling wave tube to control the operation of the traveling wave tube. The signals required for its normal operation include filament voltage, cathode high voltage, collector high voltage, titanium pump power supply, modulated pulse, and excitation signal. Figure 3 shown.

[0100] The 50Hz-380V power supply distributes electrical energy to each module of the platform through the distribution box. The control computer controls the operation of each module, including the frequency source module, pulse generator module, cooling system module, cathode power module, collector power module, titanium pump power module, filament power module, and monitoring equipment. At the same time, the working status of each module is fed back to the computer through sensors, displayed and saved in real time.

[0101] First, control the filament power supply and titanium pump power supply to preheat and dehumidify the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube filament.

[0102] Secondly, the cooling system works to dissipate heat for the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube, load, cathode power supply and collector power supply through water cooling.

[0103] Third, the pulse generator generates a corresponding timing pulse according to the parameter indicators sent by the control computer. The timing pulse is amplified by the pre-modulator and serves as the switching pulse of the solid-state modulator.

[0104] Fourth, the cathode power supply and the collector power supply work. During the conduction period of the solid-state modulator, the cathode power supply positive electrode forms a discharge return through the cathode of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube → the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube anode → the solid-state modulator anode → the solid-state modulator cathode → the cathode power supply negative electrode. The cathode-controlled traveling wave tube amplifies the excitation signal sent by the preamplifier under the action of the cathode high voltage. During the cut-off period of the solid-state modulator, the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube stops working. The function of the collector power supply is to accelerate and focus the electron beam emitted by the cathode.

[0105] Fifth, the control frequency source outputs a high-frequency signal, which, after being amplified by the pre-amplifier, serves as the excitation source of the negative-controlled traveling wave tube.

[0106] When performing maintenance on a backup cathode-controlled traveling wave tube, the filament power supply and titanium pump power supply should be preheated for more than 30 minutes to keep the titanium pump current below 10μA, then the cathode power supply and collector power supply should be turned on, and finally the excitation signal should be added. The maintenance is completed after 4 hours of continuous operation. When maintaining a cathode-controlled traveling wave tube that has not been powered on for more than 3 months, the cathode power supply should be increased to about 15kV first, and then increased to the rated value after 30 minutes to minimize the high-voltage sparking phenomenon in the tube.

[0107] (2) Maintenance methods of gate-controlled traveling wave tubes

[0108] The main difference between the grid-controlled traveling wave tube and the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube is the different control positions of the modulation pulse. The modulation pulse of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube is added to the cathode of the traveling wave tube, while the modulation pulse of the grid-controlled traveling wave tube is added to the grid of the traveling wave tube. The signals required for its normal operation are the same as those of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube, including filament voltage, cathode high voltage, collector high voltage, titanium pump power supply, modulation pulse, and excitation signal. Figure 4 shown.

[0109] The 50Hz-380V power supply distributes electrical energy to each module of the platform through the distribution box. The control computer controls the operation of each module, including the frequency source module, pulse generator module, cooling system module, cathode power module, collector power module, titanium pump power module, filament power module, and monitoring equipment. At the same time, the working status of each module is fed back to the computer through sensors, displayed and saved in real time.

[0110] First, the filament power supply and titanium pump power supply are controlled to work to preheat and dehumidify the filament of the grid-controlled traveling wave tube.

[0111] Secondly, the cooling system works to dissipate heat for the grid-controlled traveling wave tube, load, cathode power supply, and collector power supply through water cooling.

[0112] Third, the pulse generator generates a corresponding timing pulse based on the parameter indicators sent by the control computer. The timing pulse is amplified by the pre-adjuster and serves as the switching pulse of the gate-controlled modulator.

[0113] Fourth, the cathode power supply and collector power supply work. During the conduction period of the gate-controlled modulator, the cathode power supply positive electrode forms a discharge return through the gate-controlled traveling wave tube cathode → gate-controlled traveling wave tube anode → gate-controlled modulator anode → gate-controlled modulator cathode → cathode power supply negative electrode. The gate-controlled traveling wave tube amplifies the excitation signal sent by the pre-amplifier under the action of the cathode high voltage. During the cut-off period of the gate-controlled modulator, the gate-controlled traveling wave tube stops working. The function of the collector power supply is to accelerate and focus the electron beam emitted by the cathode.

[0114] Fifth, the control frequency source outputs a high-frequency signal, which is amplified by the pre-amplifier and used as the excitation source of the gate-controlled traveling wave tube.

[0115] When maintaining a backup grid-controlled traveling wave tube, the filament power supply and titanium pump power supply should be preheated for more than 30 minutes to keep the titanium pump current below 10μA, then turn on the cathode power supply and collector power supply, and finally add the excitation signal. The maintenance is completed after 4 hours of continuous operation. When maintaining a grid-controlled traveling wave tube that has not been powered on for more than 3 months, the cathode power supply should be increased to about 15kV first, and then increased to the rated value after 30 minutes to minimize the high-voltage sparking phenomenon in the tube.

[0116] The parts not described in detail in the above content are prior art, so they are not described in detail.

Claims

1. A multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform, characterized in that: include Control computer, cooling system, monitoring equipment, cabinet I, cabinet II, magnetron aging platform, traveling wave tube aging platform and load module; The cabinet I comprises: The filament power supply module provides filament voltage for the magnetron and the traveling wave tube. The filament power supply module has an adjustable DC voltage of 0 to 30 V and a maximum operating current of 15 A. A cathode power supply module provides cathode voltage for the magnetron and the traveling wave tube. The cathode power supply module has an adjustable output voltage of 5 to 35 kV, a maximum average current of 100 mA, and a withstand voltage of 50 kV to ground. The pulse generator module provides control timing for the magnetron and the traveling wave tube to ensure that the duty cycle of the system meets the index requirements. The pulse generator module can generate a pulse width of 0.5 to 50 μs, a pulse repetition frequency of 100 to 5000 Hz, a pulse amplitude of not less than 15V, and a pulse leading and trailing edge of not more than 0.15 μs. A pre-adjuster module is used to amplify the power of the timing pulse sent by the pulse generator module, and the output pulse amplitude of the pre-adjuster module is not less than 150V; The solid-state modulator module is a high-power electronic switch, whose on and off are controlled by the 150V pre-modulation pulse sent by the pre-modulator module, thereby controlling the normal operation of the magnetron and the traveling wave tube; The cabinet II comprises: A frequency source module provides an excitation signal for the traveling wave tube. The frequency source module outputs a continuous wave with a frequency range of 100 MHz to 30 GHz and an output power range of -30 to 20 dBm. The pre-amplifier module amplifies the excitation signal sent by the frequency source module to ensure the normal operation of the traveling wave tube. The gain of the pre-amplifier module is 43dB. The gate-controlled modulator module is a high-power electronic switch, whose on and off are controlled by the 150V pre-adjusted pulse sent by the pre-adjuster module, thereby controlling the normal operation of the traveling wave tube; The collector power module provides the collector voltage for the traveling wave tube. The output voltage of the collector power module is adjustable from 10 to 35 kV, the maximum average current is 300 mA, and the withstand voltage to ground is 50 kV. Titanium pump power module, checks and maintains the vacuum degree inside the traveling wave tube. The output voltage of the titanium pump power module is adjustable from 2.5 to 4 kV, the maximum average current is 10 mA, and the withstand voltage to ground is 50 kV; The cooling system dissipates heat for the cathode power supply, collector power supply, magnetron, traveling wave tube and load module; The monitoring device is used to monitor the output power and envelope waveform of the magnetron and the traveling wave tube; The control computer is used for powering on and off the maintenance platform, parameter setting and centralized parameter display; The load module comprises: High-power absorption load, used to absorb high-power pulse signals during normal radiation of magnetron and traveling wave tube, with a maximum average power of 1kW; High-frequency waveguide connection components connect the magnetron and the load, the traveling wave tube and the load to prevent standing waves; The directional coupler attenuates high-power pulse signals and couples out a small amount of pulse signals for use by monitoring equipment. The attenuation of the directional coupler is -43dB.

2. The multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control computer is used for powering on and off the maintenance platform, including: controlling the filament power module, cathode power module, collector power module, pulse generator module, frequency source module, titanium pump power module, cooling system, and monitoring equipment on and off.

3. The multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The control computer can perform system configuration on the maintenance platform, and edit and call the magnetron / traveling wave tube model, tube number, and parameter configuration database.

4. The multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The control computer can monitor the system status of the maintenance platform, and the user can view the power-on status, output power, equipment operating status, remaining aging time, temperature, and waveforms of the magnetron and traveling wave tube.

5. A magnetron maintenance method, characterized in that: The multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform applied to any one of claims 1 to 4 specifically comprises the following steps: The 50Hz-380V power supply distributes power to each module of the platform through the distribution box; First, the control computer controls the filament power module to work and preheat the magnetron; Secondly, the control computer controls the cooling system to dissipate heat to the magnetron, load module, and cathode power module through water cooling; Third, the pulse generator module generates a corresponding timing pulse according to the parameter index sent by the control computer, and the timing pulse is amplified by the pre-modulator module and used as a switching pulse of the solid-state modulator module; Fourth, the cathode power supply module is controlled by the control computer. When the solid-state modulator module is turned on, the positive electrode of the cathode power supply module forms a discharge circuit through the magnetron cathode → magnetron anode → solid-state modulator module anode → solid-state modulator module cathode → cathode of the cathode power supply module. The magnetron generates high-frequency oscillation under the cathode high voltage. When the solid-state modulator module is turned off, the magnetron stops oscillating. The working states of the pulse generator module, cooling system module, cathode power module, filament power module and monitoring equipment module are fed back to the computer through sensors, and are displayed and saved in real time.

6. A traveling wave tube maintenance method, characterized in that: Applicable to the multifunctional electric vacuum device power-on maintenance platform described in any one of claims 1 to 4, the traveling wave tube maintenance method includes: a maintenance method for a cathode-controlled traveling wave tube and a maintenance method for a grid-controlled traveling wave tube; the maintenance method for the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube and the maintenance method for the grid-controlled traveling wave tube are both 50Hz-380V power supply that distributes power to each module of the platform through a distribution box; The maintenance method of the negative-controlled traveling wave tube comprises the following steps: First, the control computer controls the filament power module and the titanium pump power module to work, so as to preheat and dehumidify the filament of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube; Secondly, the control computer controls the cooling system to dissipate heat to the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube, load module, cathode power module, and collector power module through water cooling; Third, the pulse generator generates a corresponding timing pulse according to the parameter index sent by the control computer, and the timing pulse is amplified by the pre-modulator module and used as the switching pulse of the solid-state modulator module; Fourth, the control computer controls the cathode power supply module and the collector power supply module to work. During the conduction period of the solid-state modulator module, the positive electrode of the cathode power supply module forms a discharge return through the cathode of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube → the anode of the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube → the anode of the solid-state modulator module → the cathode of the solid-state modulator module → the negative electrode of the cathode power supply module. The cathode-controlled traveling wave tube amplifies the excitation signal sent by the preamplifier module under the action of the cathode high voltage. During the cut-off period of the solid-state modulator module, the cathode-controlled traveling wave tube stops working. Fifth, the control computer controls the frequency source module to output a high-frequency signal, which is amplified by the preamplifier module and used as the excitation source of the negative-controlled traveling wave tube; The working states of the frequency source module, pulse generator module, cooling system module, cathode power module, collector power module, titanium pump power module, filament power module and monitoring equipment are fed back to the control computer through sensors, and are displayed and saved in real time; The maintenance method of the gate-controlled traveling wave tube comprises the following steps: First, the control computer controls the filament power module and the titanium pump power module to work, so as to preheat and dehumidify the filament of the grid-controlled traveling wave tube; Secondly, the control computer controls the cooling system to dissipate heat to the grid-controlled traveling wave tube, load module, cathode power module, and collector power module through water cooling; Third, the pulse generator module generates a corresponding timing pulse according to the parameter index sent by the control computer, and the timing pulse is amplified by the pre-adjuster module and used as the switching pulse of the gate-controlled modulator module; Fourth, the control computer controls the cathode power supply module and the collector power supply module to work. During the conduction period of the gate-controlled modulator module, the positive electrode of the cathode power supply module forms a discharge return through the gate-controlled traveling wave tube cathode → the gate-controlled traveling wave tube anode → the gate-controlled modulator module anode → the gate-controlled modulator module cathode → the cathode of the cathode power supply module. The gate-controlled traveling wave tube module amplifies the excitation signal sent by the pre-amplifier module under the action of the cathode high voltage; during the gate-controlled modulator cut-off period, the gate-controlled traveling wave tube stops working; Fifth, the control computer controls the frequency source to output a high-frequency signal, which is amplified by the preamplifier module and used as the excitation source of the grid-controlled traveling wave tube; The working states of the frequency source module, pulse generator module, cooling system module, cathode power module, collector power module, titanium pump power module, filament power module and monitoring equipment are fed back to the control computer through sensors, and are displayed and saved in real time.

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