Intelligent decision-making control method and system for microscopic chemical reaction of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting

Abstract

The present invention relates to an intelligent decision-making control method and system for cascade sulfidation microchemical reaction of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting, comprising a cascade sulfidation module, a real-time monitoring module, an intelligent decision-making module and a terminal execution module. The present invention uses the intelligent decision-making module to obtain microchemical information of the real-time monitoring module, judges whether a chemical reaction can occur according to the morphological phase analysis of the stock solution arsenic, determines the cascade combination of the sulfidation reaction according to the arsenic concentration of the stock solution, calculates the total amount of arsenic and the amount of hydrogen sulfide added by the first-level inlet liquid arsenic valence concentration and flow rate, calculates the total amount of arsenic and the amount of hydrogen sulfide added by the second-level inlet liquid arsenic valence concentration and flow rate, calculates the total amount of arsenic and the amount of hydrogen sulfide added by the third-level inlet liquid arsenic valence concentration and flow rate, and finally dynamically adjusts the liquid diversion direction and the hydrogen sulfide addition rate of each stage of the reaction process through the terminal execution module, realizes the closed-loop feedback and optimal control of the diversion direction and the precise addition of hydrogen sulfide in the sulfidation process according to the concentration, and reduces the amount of arsenic-containing hazardous waste generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of clean production of waste acid treatment, and in particular to an intelligent decision-making control method and system for cascade sulfidation microchemical reaction of high-arsenic waste acid from copper smelting. Background Art

[0002] At present, the total amount of waste acid produced by copper pyrometallurgy in my country is about 15 million m 3 / year; high concentration of heavy metals, such as arsenic ions up to 30000mg / L; complex and changeable occurrence states, such as dimorphic As 3+ 、As 5+ , AsO3 3- , AsO4 3- ; The concentration span is large, such as the difference between high and low ion concentrations is 300,000 times, and the environmental risk is extremely high. Although the copper smelting waste acid precipitation treatment technology has been continuously improved from lime precipitation to sulfide precipitation, and the sulfiding agent has been upgraded from sodium sulfide and sodium hydrosulfide to hydrogen sulfide, the actual operation shows that the problems of excessive arsenic in the filtrate after sulfidation, large toxic gas emissions, and excessive arsenic hazardous waste generation have not been significantly improved.

[0003] More importantly, existing analytical methods can usually only determine the total arsenic in waste acid, but cannot analyze arsenic-containing species such as As 3+ 、As 5+ , AsO3 3- , AsO4 3- The actual valence and morphology of plasma, while the chemical mechanism, species morphology, treatment concentration, total amount of material and reaction efficiency of each unit in the precipitation treatment process are different. It is difficult for enterprises to accurately determine the amount of hydrogen sulfide added according to the valence and concentration of species in each unit, resulting in three high phenomena in the production site: high arsenic concentration in the raw liquid, high amount of hydrogen sulfide added, high arsenic concentration in the filtrate, high toxic gas emissions and large amounts of hazardous waste generated. Therefore, it is an urgent need for enterprises to improve production efficiency, reduce high-arsenic hazardous waste, reduce production costs and meet emission standards to invent an intelligent decision-making control method and system for cascade sulfidation microchemical reactions of high-arsenic contaminated acid in copper smelting. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent decision-making control method and system for the microchemical reaction of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic contaminated acid in copper smelting, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems that it is difficult to accurately determine the amount of hydrogen sulfide added according to the valence state and concentration of each unit species, resulting in three high phenomena at the production site: high arsenic concentration in the raw liquid, high amount of hydrogen sulfide added, high arsenic concentration in the filtrate, high emission of toxic gases and large amount of hazardous waste generated.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides an intelligent decision-making control system for the microscopic chemical reaction of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting, comprising a cascade sulfidation module, a real-time monitoring module, an intelligent decision-making module and a terminal execution module.

[0007] The step vulcanization module is used to store and implement multiple groups of containers for vulcanization reaction, and the multiple groups of containers are graded in multiple gradients, and the multiple groups of containers are connected through main and bypass pipelines, and electromagnetic valves are connected to the main and bypass pipelines to perform corresponding pipeline opening and closing operations, and flow meters for flow monitoring are connected to the main and bypass pipelines;

[0008] The real-time monitoring module is used to collect samples from multiple groups of containers and perform microscopic chemical information detection of arsenic, including detection and analysis of valence, morphology, phase and concentration, and transmit the corresponding information to the intelligent decision-making module;

[0009] An intelligent decision-making module, which intelligently determines whether the sulfidation reaction can occur based on the arsenic form in the fluid provided by the real-time monitoring module. When the arsenic form is an anionic group, the sulfidation reaction cannot occur, and the fluid is returned to the previous process. When the arsenic form is a cationic group, the sulfidation reaction can occur and the fluid enters the cascade sulfidation module, and the liquid is diverted into multiple groups of containers with different gradients according to the arsenic ion concentration, and the total amount of arsenic is calculated according to the arsenic concentration and flow rate of each level of inlet liquid, and the total amount of hydrogen sulfide added is automatically calculated according to the arsenic valence state and the chemical reaction molar ratio;

[0010] The terminal execution module opens and closes the solenoid valves on the main and bypass pipelines according to the instructions issued by the intelligent decision-making module, realizes automatic switching of gradient levels between multiple groups of containers, and adjusts the valve opening on the hydrogen sulfide pipeline to control the total amount and rate of hydrogen sulfide addition in the cascade reaction unit container.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the multiple groups of containers of the cascade vulcanization module include a waste acid stock liquid tank for storing stock liquid, a primary vulcanization tank for primary treatment, a secondary vulcanization tank for secondary treatment and a tertiary vulcanization tank for tertiary treatment.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the total arsenic content introduced into the primary sulfide tank is greater than or equal to 20,000 mg / L, the total arsenic content introduced into the secondary sulfide tank is greater than or equal to 10,000 mg / L, and the total arsenic content introduced into the tertiary sulfide tank is greater than or equal to 20 mg / L.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the primary vulcanizer, the secondary vulcanizer and the tertiary vulcanizer are controlled by opening and closing the solenoid valves on the main and bypass pipelines, so that the primary vulcanizer, the secondary vulcanizer and the tertiary vulcanizer can be graded and combined.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the real-time monitoring module includes an adjustable high-purity monochromatic light source, a multi-optical path combination sample circulation pool, a multi-point light detector and a weak signal processor. The sample circulation pool is connected to multiple groups of containers in the step vulcanization module. The high-purity monochromatic light source irradiates the fluid in the sample circulation pool, and the incident light passes through the sample and the transmitted light is attenuated, and the corresponding spectral signal is collected through the light detector and the signal processor.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: the intelligent decision module calculates the total mass Q of arsenic As = arsenic concentration * fluid flow rate, total mass of hydrogen sulfide Q H2S =K*96 / 150*Q As , K is the excess coefficient.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the anionic group is AsO3 3- 、AsO4 3- , the cation is As 3+ 、As 5+ , the valence state of arsenic is As 3+ 、As 5+ , the value of K is 1.1-1.6.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the diameters of the main pipeline and the bypass pipeline in the cascade vulcanization module are equal, and the openings of the solenoid valves on the main pipeline and the bypass pipeline are 0-100%.

[0018] On the other hand, a method for intelligent decision-making and control of micro-chemical reactions of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting applied to the above system is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. The arsenic-containing contaminated acid fluid is introduced into the cascade vulcanization module and circulated in the multi-group graded containers in the cascade vulcanization module;

[0020] S2. When the waste acid is in the multi-group graded container in the cascade vulcanization module, the valence, form, phase and concentration of arsenic in the waste acid are detected by the real-time monitoring module;

[0021] S3. The monitored information is transmitted to the intelligent decision-making module. When the arsenic form in the waste acid cannot undergo a sulfidation reaction, the circulation solenoid valve of the step sulfidation module is controlled to be closed to allow the waste acid to reflux. When a sulfidation reaction can occur, the corresponding points of the circulation solenoid valve of the step sulfidation module are controlled to be opened according to the arsenic concentration in the waste acid, so that multiple groups of containers in the step sulfidation module are graded in multiple levels, and the terminal execution module controls the corresponding amount of hydrogen sulfide gas to be added to the step container of the step sulfidation module at the corresponding end, so that the arsenic in the waste acid undergoes a sulfidation reaction in the multi-level gradient container;

[0022] S4. After the arsenic concentration in the waste acid treatment reaches the discharge standard, it is discharged through the liquid outlet pipeline of the cascade sulfidation module.

[0023] As a further solution of the present invention: the arsenic concentration in the filtrate after the waste acid treatment is less than 20 mg / L.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention obtains the microscopic chemical information of the real-time monitoring module through the intelligent decision-making module, determines whether the chemical reaction can occur according to the morphological phase analysis of the stock solution arsenic, determines the cascade combination of the sulfidation reaction according to the arsenic concentration of the stock solution, calculates the total amount of arsenic and the amount of hydrogen sulfide added according to the first-level inlet arsenic valence concentration and flow rate, calculates the total amount of arsenic and the amount of hydrogen sulfide added according to the second-level inlet arsenic valence concentration and flow rate, and calculates the total amount of arsenic and the amount of hydrogen sulfide added according to the tertiary inlet arsenic valence concentration and flow rate; finally, the liquid diversion direction and the hydrogen sulfide addition rate of each stage of the reaction process are dynamically adjusted through the terminal execution module, so as to realize the closed-loop feedback and optimal control of the concentration separation and regulation direction of the sulfidation process and the precise addition of hydrogen sulfide, which is beneficial to improve the sulfidation production efficiency and reduce the generation of arsenic-containing hazardous waste.

[0026] 2. The present invention controls the opening and closing of electromagnetic valves on the main and bypass pipelines between the primary, secondary and tertiary vulcanizers, so that the primary, secondary and tertiary vulcanizers are graded and combined. The terminal execution module determines the arsenic concentration in the current waste acid stock tank according to the arsenic content signal in the waste acid transmitted by the real-time monitoring module, and controls the opening and closing of electromagnetic valves on multiple main and bypass pipelines in the cascade vulcanization module, so as to perform gradient conversion between the multi-stage primary, secondary and tertiary vulcanizers, so that the multi-stage primary, secondary and tertiary vulcanizers can perform multi-gradient vulcanization treatment on waste acid with different concentrations and flow rates, with variable treatment gradients and a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a general schematic diagram of the overall system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1:

[0030] like Figure 1The figure shows the overall schematic diagram of the overall system of the present invention, which provides an intelligent decision-making control system for the microscopic chemical reaction of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting, including a cascade sulfidation module, a real-time monitoring module, an intelligent decision-making module and a terminal execution module.

[0031] The cascade vulcanization module is used to store and realize multiple groups of containers for vulcanization reaction. Multiple groups of containers are graded in multiple gradients, and multiple groups of containers are connected through main and bypass pipelines. Solenoid valves are connected to the main and bypass pipelines to open and close the corresponding pipelines. Multiple groups of containers store the introduced fluids and allow the dirty acid fluid to flow between the multiple groups of containers through the main and bypass pipelines. The main and bypass pipelines are connected to flow meters for flow monitoring. The flow rate between the multiple groups of containers in the cascade vulcanization module is detected by the flow meter, and the detection information is transmitted to the real-time monitoring module, the intelligent decision-making module and the terminal execution module. After the dirty acid is introduced into the corresponding multi-gradient graded container, the terminal execution module controls the opening of the hydrogen sulfide valve to introduce hydrogen sulfide, so that the hydrogen sulfide and As 3+ 、As 5+ The ions react to achieve the purpose of gradient sulfidation to remove arsenic;

[0032] The real-time monitoring module is used to collect samples from multiple groups of containers and detect the microscopic chemical information of arsenic, including the detection and analysis of valence, morphology and phase state, and detect the concentration of arsenic in the corresponding valence state. The corresponding information is transmitted to the intelligent decision-making module. The results of the detection and analysis of the arsenic valence, morphology and phase state in the multi-gradient container are used to determine the arsenic in the waste acid (As 3+ 、As 5+ , AsO3 3- , AsO4 3- ) and concentration and other microscopic chemical information are uploaded to the intelligent decision-making module at any time;

[0033] The intelligent decision module intelligently determines whether the sulfidation reaction can occur based on the arsenic form in the fluid provided by the real-time monitoring module. 3- 、AsO4 3- ), the sulfidation reaction cannot occur, and the fluid is returned to the previous process. When the arsenic form is a cation (As 3+ 、As 5+ ) can undergo sulfidation reaction, then enter the cascade sulfidation module, and the liquid is divided into multiple groups of containers with different gradients according to the arsenic ion concentration. The total amount of arsenic is calculated based on the arsenic concentration and flow rate of each level of liquid inlet, and the arsenic valence (As 3+ 、As 5+ ) and the chemical reaction molar ratio to automatically calculate the total amount and rate of hydrogen sulfide added. The intelligent decision module uses the thermodynamic principle (whether the sulfidation reaction can occur depends on the form of arsenic. The sulfidation reaction can occur: 2As 3+ + 3S 2-→As2S3↓ (solid precipitate), 2As 5+ + 5S 2- →As2S3↓+2S↓ (solid precipitate). Sulfidation reaction cannot occur: AsO3 3- + S 2- , AsO4 3- + S 2- Cannot form precipitate), according to the original solution arsenic form provided by the real-time monitoring module, intelligently judge whether the sulfidation reaction can occur, such as arsenic is AsO3 3- , AsO4 3- , then the sulfidation reaction cannot occur, the dirty acid stock solution returns to the previous process and is strictly prohibited from entering the sulfidation unit. 3+ 、As 5+ , then the chemical reaction can occur, and the waste acid stock solution enters the sulfidation process; the second is to use the kinetic principle (the extent of the sulfidation reaction depends on the valence state of arsenic, 2As 3+ (relative atomic mass 150) + 3S 2- (relative atomic mass 96) → As2S3↓, 2As 5+ (relative atomic mass 150) + 5S 2- (relative atomic mass 160) → As2S3↓+2S↓, As 5+ As 3+ The sulfur consumption is 60% more). According to the arsenic concentration provided by the real-time monitoring module, the number of sulfide steps is intelligently determined; the third is to use the chemical reaction formula 2As 3+ +3S 2- = As2S3, further based on the arsenic valence state provided by the real-time monitoring module, the optimal control logic information is sent to the terminal execution module;

[0034] According to the instructions issued by the intelligent decision-making module, the terminal execution module opens and closes the solenoid valves on the main and bypass pipelines to realize the automatic switching of the gradient levels between multiple groups of containers, and adjusts the valve opening on the hydrogen sulfide pipeline to control the total amount and rate of hydrogen sulfide addition in the container of the cascade reaction unit. The terminal execution module controls the outflow direction of the waste acid stock solution and the opening or closing of the corresponding solenoid valve according to the form of arsenic in the stock solution. For example, if the arsenic is AsO3 3- , AsO4 3- Then open the return liquid pipeline valve and close the sulfide pipeline valve. If arsenic is As 3+ 、As 5+The first step is to close the return liquid pipeline valve and open the sulfide pipeline valve; the second step is to automatically adjust the opening or closing of the main and bypass pipeline valves of the waste acid raw liquid fluid according to the arsenic concentration in the raw liquid; the third step is to dynamically adjust the opening of the hydrogen sulfide valve according to the pressure in the hydrogen sulfide tank and the instantaneous data of the hydrogen sulfide flowmeter to meet the requirements of the amount and speed of hydrogen sulfide addition in the cascade reaction unit. By using the principles of thermodynamics and kinetic reactions, the real-time monitoring module is first used to obtain the microscopic chemical information of arsenic in the cascade tank, and the data is fed back to the intelligent decision-making module; the intelligent decision-making module determines whether the chemical reaction can occur according to the arsenic form in the raw liquid, determines the hydrogen sulfide reaction molar ratio according to the arsenic valence state, determines the number of sulfide reaction stages according to the arsenic concentration, and calculates the total amount of arsenic and the amount of hydrogen sulfide added according to the liquid inlet concentration and flow rate; finally, the terminal execution module is used to dynamically adjust the liquid diversion direction and the hydrogen sulfide addition rate, so as to realize the closed-loop feedback and optimal control of the diversion direction and the precise addition of hydrogen sulfide in the sulfide process according to the concentration, greatly improve the production efficiency and reduce the amount of arsenic-containing hazardous waste, reduce production costs, and meet the needs of meeting emission standards.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the real-time monitoring module includes an adjustable high-purity monochromatic light source, a multi-path combination sample flow cell, a multi-point light detector and a weak signal processor. The sample flow cell is connected to multiple groups of containers in the step vulcanization module. The high-purity monochromatic light source irradiates the fluid in the sample flow cell. The incident light passes through the sample and the transmitted light attenuated. The corresponding spectral signal is collected through the light detector and the signal processor. The microscopic chemical information mainly refers to the occurrence state of arsenic, such as trivalent cation arsenic As 3+ 、Pentavalent cation arsenic As 5+ , arsenite AsO3 3- , arsenate AsO4 3- and its corresponding concentration C.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent decision module calculates the total mass of arsenic Q As = arsenic concentration * fluid flow rate, total mass of hydrogen sulfide Q H2S =K*96 / 150*Q As , K is the excess coefficient, and the trivalent cation arsenic As detected by the real-time monitoring module 3+ 、Pentavalent cation arsenic As 5+ The data is transmitted to the terminal execution module, and the data is fed back to the intelligent decision-making module (the hardware is the server and computer, and the software is the logical decision-making model and the chemical calculation model). The calculated amount of hydrogen sulfide is transmitted to the terminal execution module, and the terminal execution module sends the optimal control logic information to the terminal execution mechanism. The amount of hydrogen sulfide is multiplied by the excess coefficient K, and the value of K is 1.1-1.6 to ensure that arsenic ions react with hydrogen sulfide to form precipitation.

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, the diameters of the main and bypass pipes in the cascade vulcanization module are equal, and the opening of the solenoid valves on the main and bypass pipes is 0-100%. The fluid is quickly transmitted through the main and bypass pipes with equal diameters to ensure the timely and rapid flow of the fluid, and the solenoid valves on the main and bypass pipes can be quickly opened and closed.

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the multiple groups of containers of the cascade vulcanization module include a waste acid stock liquid tank for stock liquid storage, a primary vulcanization tank for primary treatment, a secondary vulcanization tank for secondary treatment, and a tertiary vulcanization tank for tertiary treatment. The arsenic concentration of the waste acid in the waste acid stock liquid tank is detected, and according to the gradient change of the arsenic concentration, the waste acid is introduced into the corresponding graded gradient primary vulcanization tank through the main pipeline and bypass pipeline of each stage of vulcanization reaction and the solenoid valve, etc., and the vulcanization treatment is carried out in conjunction with the introduced hydrogen sulfide gas. After the arsenic concentration gradient is reduced, it is successively introduced into the secondary vulcanization tank and the tertiary vulcanization tank, and the above-mentioned vulcanization treatment steps are repeated to carry out a three-stage cascade vulcanization reaction. The reaction gradient is reasonably controlled, and the waste acid generated by daily copper pyrometallurgy can be effectively treated.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the total arsenic content range of the first-stage sulfidation tank is greater than or equal to 20000 mg / L, the total arsenic content range of the second-stage sulfidation tank is greater than or equal to 10000 mg / L, and the total arsenic content range of the third-stage sulfidation tank is greater than or equal to 20 mg / L. Sulfidation treatment is carried out under different gradient concentrations. Different arsenic concentrations correspond to different hydrogen sulfide gas introduction rates, which facilitates the terminal execution module to issue corresponding instructions, strictly control the amount of hydrogen sulfide introduced, and reduce the waste of raw materials while ensuring that the waste acid treatment meets the standards.

[0041] Furthermore, the electromagnetic valves on the main and bypass pipelines are used to open and close the primary, secondary and tertiary vulcanization tanks, so that the primary, secondary and tertiary vulcanization tanks can be graded and combined. The terminal execution module determines the arsenic concentration in the current waste acid stock tank according to the waste acid content signal transmitted by the real-time monitoring module, and controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valves on the multiple main and bypass pipelines in the cascade vulcanization module to perform gradient conversion between the multi-stage primary, secondary and tertiary vulcanization tanks, and realize automatic switching from primary vulcanization to secondary vulcanization to tertiary vulcanization; multiple primary, secondary and tertiary vulcanization tanks are used to perform multi-gradient vulcanization treatment on waste acid with different flow rates, with variable treatment gradients, a wide range of applications and high waste acid vulcanization treatment efficiency.

[0042] An intelligent decision-making control method for microscopic chemical reaction of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting is applied to the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. The waste acid fluid containing arsenic is introduced into the cascade sulfidation module and circulated in the multi-group graded containers in the cascade sulfidation module;

[0044] S2. When the waste acid is in the multi-group graded container in the cascade vulcanization module, the valence, form, phase and concentration of arsenic in the waste acid are detected by the real-time monitoring module;

[0045] S3. The monitored information is transmitted to the intelligent decision-making module. When the arsenic form in the waste acid cannot undergo a sulfidation reaction, the circulation solenoid valve of the step sulfidation module is controlled to be closed to allow the waste acid to reflux. When a sulfidation reaction can occur, the corresponding points of the circulation solenoid valve of the step sulfidation module are controlled to be opened according to the arsenic concentration in the waste acid, so that multiple groups of containers in the step sulfidation module are graded in multiple levels, and the terminal execution module controls the corresponding amount of hydrogen sulfide gas to be added to the step container of the step sulfidation module at the corresponding end, so that the arsenic in the waste acid undergoes a sulfidation reaction in the multi-level gradient container;

[0046] S4. After the arsenic concentration in the waste acid treatment reaches the discharge standard, it is discharged through the liquid outlet pipeline of the cascade sulfidation module.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the arsenic concentration in the wastewater treated with acid is less than 20 mg / L, and the discharge standard is met through multi-stage gradient sulfidation treatment.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent decision-making control system for microscopic chemical reactions of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting, characterized in that: include: Cascade vulcanization module, real-time monitoring module, intelligent decision-making module and terminal execution module. A cascade vulcanization module, wherein the cascade vulcanization module is used to store and realize multiple groups of containers for vulcanization reaction, the multiple groups of containers are graded in multiple gradients, and the multiple groups of containers are connected through main and bypass pipelines, solenoid valves are connected to the main and bypass pipelines to perform corresponding pipeline opening and closing operations, and flow meters for flow monitoring are connected to the main and bypass pipelines; the multiple groups of containers of the cascade vulcanization module include a waste acid stock liquid tank for stock liquid storage, a primary vulcanization tank for primary treatment, a secondary vulcanization tank for secondary treatment, and a tertiary vulcanization tank for tertiary treatment; the primary vulcanization tank, the secondary vulcanization tank, and the tertiary vulcanization tank are opened and closed by electromagnetic valves on the main and bypass pipelines, so that the primary vulcanization tank, the secondary vulcanization tank, and the tertiary vulcanization tank are graded and transformed and multiple combinations are performed; A real-time monitoring module, which is used to collect samples from multiple groups of containers and perform microscopic chemical information detection of arsenic, including detection and analysis of valence, morphology, phase and concentration, and transmit the corresponding information to the intelligent decision-making module; The real-time monitoring module includes an adjustable high-purity monochromatic light source, a multi-optical path combined sample flow cell, a multi-point light detector and a weak signal processor. The sample flow cell is connected to multiple groups of containers in the step vulcanization module. The high-purity monochromatic light source irradiates the fluid in the sample flow cell. The incident light passes through the transmitted light after the sample is attenuated, and the corresponding spectral signal is collected through the light detector and the signal processor. An intelligent decision-making module, which intelligently determines whether the sulfidation reaction can occur based on the arsenic form in the fluid provided by the real-time monitoring module. When the arsenic form is an anionic group, the sulfidation reaction cannot occur, and the fluid is returned to the previous process. When the arsenic form is a cationic group, the sulfidation reaction occurs and enters the cascade sulfidation module, and the liquid is diverted into multiple groups of containers with different gradients according to the arsenic ion concentration, and the total amount of arsenic is calculated according to the arsenic concentration and flow rate of each level of liquid inlet, and the total amount of hydrogen sulfide added is automatically calculated according to the arsenic valence state and the chemical reaction molar ratio; the intelligent decision-making module calculates the total mass of arsenic Q As = arsenic concentration * fluid flow rate, total mass of hydrogen sulfide Q H2S =K*96 / 150*Q As , K is the excess coefficient; The terminal execution module opens and closes the solenoid valves on the main and bypass pipelines according to the instructions issued by the intelligent decision-making module, realizes automatic switching of gradient levels between multiple groups of containers, and adjusts the valve opening on the hydrogen sulfide pipeline to control the total amount and rate of hydrogen sulfide addition in the container of the cascade reaction unit.

2. According to claim 1, an intelligent decision-making control system for microscopic chemical reactions of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting, characterized in that: The anionic group is AsO3 3- 、AsO4 3- , the cation is As 3+ 、As 5+ , the valence state of arsenic is As 3+ 、As 5+ , the value of K is 1.1-1.

6.

3. According to claim 1, an intelligent decision-making control system for microscopic chemical reactions of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting is characterized by: The diameters of the main pipeline and the bypass pipeline in the cascade vulcanization module are equal, and the openings of the solenoid valves on the main pipeline and the bypass pipeline are 0-100%.

4. An intelligent decision-making control method for microscopic chemical reactions of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting, using the intelligent decision-making control system for microscopic chemical reactions of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. The waste acid fluid containing arsenic is introduced into the cascade sulfidation module and circulated in the multi-group graded containers in the cascade sulfidation module; S2. When the waste acid is in the multi-group graded container in the cascade vulcanization module, the valence, form, phase and concentration of arsenic in the waste acid are detected by the real-time monitoring module; S3. The monitored information is transmitted to the intelligent decision-making module. When the arsenic form in the waste acid cannot undergo a sulfidation reaction, the circulation solenoid valve of the step sulfidation module is controlled to be closed to allow the waste acid to reflux. When a sulfidation reaction can occur, the corresponding points of the circulation solenoid valve of the step sulfidation module are controlled to be opened according to the arsenic concentration in the waste acid, so that multiple groups of containers in the step sulfidation module are graded in multiple levels, and the terminal execution module controls the corresponding amount of hydrogen sulfide gas to be added to the step container of the step sulfidation module at the corresponding end, so that the arsenic in the waste acid undergoes a sulfidation reaction in the multi-level gradient container; S4. After the arsenic concentration in the waste acid treatment reaches the discharge standard, it is discharged through the liquid outlet pipeline of the cascade sulfidation module.

5. The intelligent decision-making control method for microscopic chemical reaction of cascade sulfidation of high-arsenic waste acid in copper smelting according to claim 4 is characterized by: The arsenic concentration in the filtrate after the waste acid treatment is less than 20 mg / L.

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