The present invention provides a 5-methyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazolone synthesis method, which comprises: 1, adding
ethyl acetate to a reactor, dropwise adding 80 wt% hydrazine
hydrate to the reactor at a temperature of 20-80 DEG C, and carrying out a
reflux reaction after the dropwise adding is completed; carrying out reduced pressure
distillation on the reaction liquid after the reaction is completed to remove byproducts and
ethyl acetate; step 2, at
room temperature and normal pressure, adding aqueous alkali and a catalyst into a
system subjected to reduced pressure
distillation in the step 1, cooling the
system to 10 DEG C under uniform stirring, adding
triphosgene in batches for 1-3 hours, heating to 20-30 DEG C after the charging is finished, and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 6-7 hours; acethydrazide residues are detected in the reaction process, the reaction can be stopped when the acethydrazide residues are smaller than or equal to 1 wt%, insoluble substances are gradually separated out in the
system in the heat preservation process, and 5-methyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazolone is obtained. In the synthesis process, the
triphosgene is used for replacing
phosgene, so that the product yield is ensured, the requirements on reaction equipment are reduced, the comprehensive cost is reduced, the
wastewater is recycled and reused, and the method is a synthesis method suitable for industrialization.