118 results about "1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane" patented technology

A pressure-liquefied propellant mixture for aerosols, comprising a fluorinated alkane, in particular 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and / or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, and carbon dioxide, makes possible an improvement of the wetting properties of pharmaceutically active compounds, with which the formulation problems existing with hydrofluoroalkanes in relation to suspension as well as solution aerosols can be overcome and thus improved medicinal aerosol formulations can be obtained. With the aid of carbon dioxide, it is also possible to specifically influence the pressure and thus the particle size distribution and also by displacement of oxygen from the hydrofluoroalkanes to improve the storage stability of oxidation-sensitive active compounds.

The present invention relates to heat transfer compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, heat pump systems, and other heat transfer applications. The inventive heat transfer compositions can possess reduced global warming potential while providing good capacity and performance.

To provide a working fluid for heat cycle containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, which has high stability, and which has cycle performance sufficient as an alternative to R410A (a pseudoazeotropic mixture refrigerant of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane in a mass ratio of 1:1) or 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane while the influence over global warming is suppressed, a composition for a heat cycle system comprising it, and a heat cycle system employing the composition.A working fluid for heat cycle, which contains at least two members selected from a saturated hydrofluorocarbon and a hydrofluorocarbon having a carbon-carbon double bond other than 1,2-difluoroethylene, and 1,2-difluoroethylene.

The invention relates to the use of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane for increasing the miscibility of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene with a lubricating oil, and in particular with a polyalkylene glycol oil. In this regard, the invention provides heat-transfer compositions and also equipment and processes using these compositions.

Provided are azeotrope-like compositions consisting essentially of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and uses thereof, including use in refrigerant compositions, refrigeration systems, blowing agent compositions, and aerosol propellants.

Aerosol formulations substantially free of chlorofluorocarbons, for oral and / or nasal administration are described. The formulations comprise 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane, a medicament, optionally an excipient and optionally a surfactant. Methods of treatment utilizing the formulations also are described.

The invention relates to a ternary composition comprising difluoromethane, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and a hydrocarbon-derived compound containing at least two fluorine atoms and having a boiling point of between −30 and −20° C., which is selected from 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. This composition is particularly suitable for use as a heat-transfer fluid in the presence of countercurrent heat exchangers.

A medicinal aerosol formulation including 0.01-5% medicament, at least 50% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (134a), less than 5% surface active agent, and at least one compound having higher polarity than 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and which is free of chlorofluorocarbons and propellants CHClF2, CH2F2 and CF3CH3.

Aerosol formulations substantially free of chlorofluorocarbons, for oral and / or nasal administration, are described. The formulations comprise 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, a medicament, optionally an excipient and optionally a surfactant. Methods of treatment using the formulations also are described.

To provide a working medium for a heat pump which has less influence over global warming, which has favorable flame retardancy as compared with a working medium consisting solely of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, and with which a heat pump system stably exhibiting heat pump performance even at a higher working temperature can be obtained.A working medium for a heat pump, which comprises 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane, and at least one member selected from the group consisting of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene.

The use of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane for increasing the miscibility of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene with a lubricating oil, and in particular with a polyalkylene glycol oil. Further included are heat-transfer compositions and also equipment and processes using these compositions. Also, a kit including a heat-transfer fluid including 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and a lubricant oil including a polyalkylene glycol, for use in a heat-transfer installation including a vapor compression circuit.

A binary refrigerating apparatus employs a refrigerant composition that has a small global-warming potential (GWP) to be earth friendly, can be used as a refrigerant capable of achieving a low temperature of −80° C., and is excellent in refrigerating capacity and other performance. A refrigerant composition used as a low-temperature-side refrigerant is a refrigerant mixture including a non-azeotropic mixture in which 20% by mass or less of carbon dioxide (R744) is mixed to difluoroethylene (R1132a). A refrigerant composition used as a high-temperature-side refrigerant is a combination of: a non-azeotropic mixture comprising the refrigerant group of difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and 1,1,3-trifluoro ethane (R143a); and 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropentene (HFO-1234ze), having a global-warming potential (GWP) of 1500 or less.

The invention discloses a microwave-assisted subcritical essential oil extracting method. The microwave-assisted subcritical essential oil extracting method includes the steps that fresh plant tissues are frozen and then are smashed; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is used as an extraction solvent and is led into the smashed plant tissues to perform microwave extraction; during microwave extraction, the extraction temperature is controlled to be 8-12 DEG C, the extraction pressure is controlled to be 0.8-6 Mpa, the microwave frequency is controlled to be 300-2400 MHZ, and the power is controlled to be 200-1200w; after a liquid phase in the system is separated out and microwave extraction is completed, the 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is recovered from the liquid phase, and the rest of the liquid phase is an essential oil stock solution; the essential oil stock solution is subjected to molecular distillation to obtain essential oil. By the adoption of the microwave-assisted subcritical essential oil extracting method, the essential oil free of any residual solvent can be obtained at lower temperature, the effective ingredients of the essential oil are not destroyed, and the natural quality of the essential oil can be kept to the most degree.

The present invention relates to a refrigerant mixture for substituting R502, R22 or R12 used in a vapor compression refrigerator or air conditioner and a refrigeration system using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a refrigerant mixture comprising a combination of two or three components, which is capable of being used without causing ozone layer destruction and global warming and at the same time, without replacement of the existing refrigeration system, wherein the components are selected from the group consisting of propylene, propane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroe thane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, dimethylether and isobutane; and a refrigeration system using the same.

There is a working fluid for a heating and cooling. The fluid is a blend of from about 1% to about 98% by weight 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, from about 1% to about 98% by weight 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and from about 1% to about 98% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane are from about 90% or more by weight of the blend. There are also an apparatus that uses the blend and methods for heating and cooling using the blend.

Disclosed herein is a composition comprising (a) from 1 to 29 weight percent difluoromethane; (b) from 1 to 19 weight percent pentafluoroethane; (c) from 9 to 42 weight percent 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, or a mixture thereof; and (d) from 34 to 68 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, E-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene or mixture thereof; wherein when the composition contains 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, the composition also contains at least some 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane; wherein the ratio of component (a) to component (b) is at most 1.5:1; and wherein the ratio of component (c) to component (d) is at least 0.04:1. The compositions are useful in methods for producing cooling and heating, methods for producing air conditioning, methods for replacing HCFC-22, R-410A, R-407C, HFC-134a, CFC-12, HCFC-22 and HCFC-124 and in heat transfer systems including heat pumps and air conditioners.

A heat transfer composition comprising trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), carbon dioxide (R-744) and a third component selected from difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), fluoroethane (R-161), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), propylene, propane and mixtures thereof.

The present invention relates to a refrigerant composition of four-constituent system, comprising: (a) a first constituent of difluoromethane, (b) a second constituent of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, (c) a third constituent selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1-difluoroethane and (d) a for the constituent selected from the group consisting of isobutane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,-hexafluoropropane and butane, useful as a substitute for chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22).

The invention discloses an environment-friendly refrigerant and a preparation method thereof. The environment-friendly refrigerant consists of 20-90 percent of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 5-25 percent of dimethyl ether and 5-55 percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The environment-friendly refrigerant has greater specific volume of saturated liquid, and thus the charging amount of the refrigerant in a refrigeration system can be greatly reduced; the environment-friendly refrigerant is favorable in environment-friendly performance, ODP (Ozone Depleting Power) is 0, GWP (Global Warming Potential) relative to HFC(Hydrochlorofluorocarbon)-134a is greatly reduced; the exhaust temperature is low, and thus the service life of a compressor can be prolonged and the reliability of refrigeration equipment is improved; synthetic oil or mineral oil can be used; and a refrigeration coefficient, a unit volume refrigeration amount and the operation pressure respectively approach to HFC-134a; and a traditional refrigerant can be directly replaced without replacing the compressor.

Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of the present technology include methyl chloride and at least one hydrofluorocarbon or hydrofluoro-olefin. In some examples, the at least one hydrofluorocarbon or hydrofluoro-olefin can be selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions can be used as solvents or diluents in polymerization processes, including slurry polymerization processes.

Polymeric foam and polymeric foam products that contain a foamable polymer material, at least one hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) blowing agent, an infrared attenuating agent such as nanographite, and propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or butylene carbonate as a process additive are provided. In one or more embodiments, the HFC blowing agent is 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), or a combination of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a). The propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or butylene carbonate acts as a cell enlarger to increase the average cell size of the foamed product, as a process aid, as a plasticizer, and lowers the die pressure. The inventive foam composition produces extruded foams that have insulation values (R-values) that are equal to or better than conventional extruded, closed cell foams produced with 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b). In exemplary embodiments, less than 4% of the cells are open cells. A method of forming an extruded foam product is also provided.

Refrigerant compositions include mixtures of difluoromethane and isobutane, butane, propylene or cyclopropane; pentafluoroethane and propylene or cyclopropane; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and propane; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and cyclopropane; 1,1,1-trifluoroethane and DME or propylene; 1,1-difluoroethane and propane, isobutane, butane or cyclopropane; fluoroethane and propane or cyclopropane; 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane and butane, cyclopropane, DME, isobutane or propane; or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane and butane, cyclopropane, isobutane or propane.

A lubricating oil for compression-type refrigerator includes, as a main component, a polyoxyalkyleneglycol derivative represented by the general formula:R1(OR2)m-OR3]nwherein R1 is a methyl group, R2 is a propylene group, R3 is a methyl group, n is an integer of 1 and m is an integer of 12 to 80, and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The derivative has a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 50 cSt at 100° C.

The invention relates to a process for producing 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane by a gas-liquid phase method. The method taking trichloro ethylene and hydrogen fluoride as raw materials comprises the following steps of: generating F133a, hydrogen chloride, F123 and F131 under the effect of a fluorinating catalyst of trichloro ethylene and hydrogen fluoride; performing reaction between potassium hydroxide liquor and hydrogen fluoride to generate potassium fluoride, and performing reaction between potassium fluoride and F133a in the presence of the fluorinating catalyst to generate the product 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, wherein the temperature is controlled at 250-280 DEG C, and the reaction conversion rate reaches 80%. Hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride generated in the reaction process are less in corrosion to the device, the corrosion to reaction by potassium fluoride is far less than that of hydrogen fluoride, and the investment on the device is less.

The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising R-1234ze(E), R-32 and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).

A working medium for a heat pump, including: 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene; at least one of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane; and at least one of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene.