A real-time monitoring device and method for wall cracks

Abstract

The present invention provides a real-time monitoring device and method for wall cracks, which relates to the technical field of wall monitoring. The real-time monitoring device includes a top plate, a cover plate, an elastic member, a piston rod, a pillar, a second pressure sensor, a ball head, a protrusion, a base and an angle measuring assembly, wherein the angle measuring assembly includes a plurality of first pressure sensors and a filling layer. The base is fixed on the ground, and the top plate is fixed on the wall. When the foundation settles, the wall drives the top plate to move, and the protrusion on the ball head squeezes the first pressure sensor in the angle measuring assembly. The protrusion rotates to squeeze the first pressure sensors at different positions. The first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are electrically connected to a monitor. The second pressure sensor and the first pressure sensor upload the collected pressure values ​​to the monitor to monitor the changing state of the wall, thereby making timely and accurate judgments on the state of the wall, avoiding the problem of hysteresis monitoring, and reducing damage to the wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wall monitoring, and in particular to a device and method for real-time monitoring of wall cracks. Background Art

[0002] Common cracks in walls are mainly divided into the following three categories: temperature cracks, foundation settlement cracks and structural cracks. Structural cracks are caused by the structure of the house, which is related to both design and construction and may appear at any position of the wall. The wall structure deforms due to changes in the surrounding temperature, and different materials have different expansion coefficients, which leads to temperature cracks in the wall. After the wall is built, the foundation will generally sink. If the foundation settles unevenly, the parts with large settlement will be relatively displaced from the parts with small settlement, generating shear and tension in the wall. When this additional internal force exceeds the tensile and shear strength of the wall itself, foundation settlement cracks will occur.

[0003] In fact, cracks in walls are often caused by the interaction of multiple factors, and the cracks are caused by the long-term cumulative influence of multiple factors. The time of occurrence is relatively random, so it is more difficult to monitor wall cracks.

[0004] In the prior art, crack images of the wall surface at multiple time points are usually collected, and then the cracks in the multiple images are compared to analyze the size of the cracks and the changes in the cracks, so as to achieve the purpose of crack monitoring. However, the generation of cracks is relatively random and the time span is long. The prior art can only achieve the purpose of monitoring after cracks are generated on the wall surface. At this time, the wall has already cracked and damaged. The existing monitoring method has a lag and cannot timely remind maintenance personnel to take protective measures in advance. Summary of the invention

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing monitoring method has hysteresis.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, on the one hand, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring device for wall cracks, comprising:

[0007] A top plate, a cover plate, an elastic member, a piston rod, a support column, a second pressure sensor, a ball head, a protrusion, a base and an angle measuring assembly;

[0008] One end of the top plate is used for fixed connection with the wall, and the other end of the top plate is rotatably connected with the cover plate. A groove is provided at one end of the pillar, and an elastic member is installed in the groove. A second pressure sensor is installed at one end of the groove away from the cover plate, one end of the elastic member is connected to the cover plate, and the other end of the elastic member is installed on the second pressure sensor. A plurality of piston cavities are provided at one end of the pillar, and the plurality of piston cavities are uniformly distributed around the groove in a circumferential direction around the center of the groove. A plurality of piston rods correspond to a plurality of piston cavities, and one end of each piston rod is slidably installed in the corresponding piston cavity, and the other end of each piston rod is connected to the cover plate. A ball head is installed at the other end of the pillar; when the pillar is in a vertical state, a protrusion is provided at the lowest point of the ball head; the ball head is rotatably installed in the base, the angle measuring assembly is installed in the base, the protrusion contacts the angle measuring assembly, and the base is used for fixed installation on the ground;

[0009] The angle measuring assembly includes a plurality of first pressure sensors and a filling layer. A hemispherical cavity is provided in the base, the hemispherical cavity is concentric with the ball head, a plurality of the first pressure sensors are installed on the inner surface of the hemispherical cavity around the ball head, the first pressure sensors at different positions correspond to a spatial angle, the filling layer is installed between the plurality of the first pressure sensors, the filling layer and the plurality of the first pressure sensors constitute a hollow hemispherical layer, the outer wall of the hollow hemispherical layer is in contact with the inner surface of the hemispherical cavity, and the protrusion is used to squeeze the first pressure sensor;

[0010] The first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are electrically connected to a monitor, and the monitor is used to analyze a first real-time pressure value uploaded by the first pressure sensor and a second pressure value uploaded by the second pressure sensor to monitor a change state of the wall.

[0011] Optionally, the angle measuring assembly further includes a protection unit, which is disposed between the inner surface of the hollow hemispherical layer and the ball head, and is mounted on the inner wall of the hollow hemispherical layer for protecting the first pressure sensor, and the protection unit is in contact with the protrusion.

[0012] Optionally, the protection unit includes a protection pad, which is installed on the inner surface of the hollow hemispherical layer to protect the first pressure sensor.

[0013] Optionally, the protection unit also includes a support frame, a spacer block and an extrusion ball, the support frame is a hemispherical plate concentric with the ball head, the support frame is installed between the ball head and the protection pad, a plurality of ball tracks are provided on the support frame, the centers of the plurality of ball tracks are coaxial with the center of the ball head, a plurality of extrusion beads are installed on the ball tracks, a plurality of the extrusion beads are installed corresponding to a plurality of the first pressure sensors, the spacer block is fixedly installed on the ball track, and the spacer block is used to limit the extrusion beads on the ball track so that the position of the extrusion beads corresponds to the position of the first pressure sensor.

[0014] Optionally, a plurality of circles of sensor rings are arranged on the hollow hemispherical layer, the centers of the plurality of circles of sensor rings are coaxial with the center of the ball head, a plurality of sensor groups are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on each of the sensor rings, the sensor groups on the plurality of sensor rings are arranged one by one, and each of the sensor groups contains an even number of the first pressure sensors; along the direction from the center to the edge of the hollow hemispherical layer, the number of the first pressure sensors in the sensor groups in the plurality of circles of the sensor rings increases equidistantly.

[0015] Optionally, in each of the sensor groups, every two of the first pressure sensors correspond to one of the squeeze beads.

[0016] Optionally, the real-time monitoring device for wall cracks further comprises a bellows, one end of the bellows is connected to the cover plate, the other end of the bellows is connected to one end of the support, and the elastic member is installed in the bellows.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a real-time monitoring method for wall cracks, comprising:

[0018] Acquire a plurality of first real-time pressure values ​​uploaded by the first pressure sensors and a second real-time pressure value uploaded by the second pressure sensors;

[0019] Obtaining the pressure change rate according to the second real-time pressure values ​​at multiple time points;

[0020] Determine the maximum first real-time pressure value at each moment according to the first real-time pressure values ​​uploaded by the plurality of first pressure sensors at each moment;

[0021] Determine a rotation angle according to the first pressure sensor corresponding to the largest first real-time pressure value, wherein each of the first pressure sensors corresponds to a spatial angle, and the rotation angle is the spatial angle corresponding to the first pressure sensor corresponding to the largest first real-time pressure value;

[0022] Determining the angle change rate according to the rotation angles at multiple moments;

[0023] The occurrence of wall cracks is predicted according to the first real-time pressure value, the pressure change rate, the rotation angle and the angle change rate.

[0024] Optionally, predicting the occurrence of wall cracks according to the first real-time pressure value, the pressure change rate, the rotation angle, and the angle change rate includes:

[0025] Determine whether the difference between the second real-time pressure value and the second initial pressure value is less than a preset pressure value, wherein the second initial pressure value is the first second real-time pressure value uploaded by the second pressure sensor after the installation and commissioning of the real-time monitoring device for wall cracks is completed;

[0026] When the difference is greater than or equal to the preset pressure value, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall;

[0027] When the difference is less than the preset pressure value, determining whether the pressure change rate is greater than the preset pressure change rate;

[0028] When the pressure change rate is greater than the preset pressure change rate, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall;

[0029] When the pressure change rate is less than or equal to the preset pressure change rate, determining whether the rotation angle is greater than a preset angle;

[0030] When the rotation angle is greater than the preset angle, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall;

[0031] When the rotation angle is less than or equal to the preset angle, determining whether the angle change rate is greater than a preset angle change rate;

[0032] When the angle change rate is greater than the preset angle change rate, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall;

[0033] When the angle change rate is less than or equal to the preset angle change rate, it is determined that no cracks occur in the wall.

[0034] Optionally, the real-time monitoring method for wall cracks further includes: determining a sinking distance of the wall according to the second real-time pressure value, the second initial pressure value and the rotation angle.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The present invention provides a real-time monitoring device and method for wall cracks, wherein the base is buried and fixed on the ground or fixed on the ground with the aid of a fixing device, and the elastic member can be a spring, and the top plate is fixed on the wall, and the spring is in a vertical natural extension state. When the foundation at the location of the wall begins to settle, the wall sinks relative to the ground surface. After the wall sinks, the wall may no longer be in a vertical state and may tilt left and right or front and back. The wall drives the top plate to move, and the top plate drives the cover plate to move. The wall drives the top plate to apply pressure to the cover plate, or the top plate drives the cover plate to deflect. The cover plate squeezes the spring, and the spring squeezes the second pressure sensor. When the spring is squeezed, the pillar and the ball head are subjected to the spring elastic force, and the ball head squeezes the angle measuring assembly, driving the protrusion on the ball head to squeeze the first pressure sensor or the filling layer in the angle measuring assembly. If the wall tilts back and forth or left and right, the top plate pushes the cover plate, and the cover plate drives the piston rod to move in the piston cavity, while driving the pillar to tilt. The tilted pillar drives the ball head to rotate in the hemispherical cavity. The protrusion rotates to squeeze the first pressure sensors at different positions. The first pressure sensors at different positions are subjected to different degrees of pressure. The first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are electrically connected to the monitor. The second pressure sensor and the first pressure sensor upload the collected pressure values ​​to the monitor. The monitor is used to analyze the first real-time pressure value uploaded by the first pressure sensor and the second pressure value uploaded by the second pressure sensor. According to the first real-time pressure value and the second pressure value, the changing state of the wall is monitored, so as to make timely and accurate judgments on the state of the wall, avoid the problem of delayed monitoring, and protect the wall in advance according to the monitored data to avoid cracks in the wall or slow down the speed of crack generation, thereby reducing damage to the wall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring device for wall cracks;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring device for wall cracks;

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A local enlarged schematic diagram of the middle A;

[0041] Figure 5 A top view of a first pressure sensor layout layer;

[0042] Figure 6 A top view of the layers laid out for the extruded beads;

[0043] Figure 7 for Figure 5 C and Figure 6 Schematic diagram of overlap at D in the middle;

[0044] Figure 8 for Figure 5 Partial cross-sectional view in the EE direction;

[0045] Fig. 9 The figure is a flow chart of a method for real-time monitoring of wall cracks.

[0046] Description of reference numerals:

[0047] Ⅰ. Wall; Ⅱ. Temperature sensor; Ⅲ. Real-time monitoring device; 1. Top plate; 2. Cover plate; 3. Bellows; 4. Spring; 5. Piston rod; 6. Pillar; 7. Piston chamber; 8. Ball head; 9. Base; 10. Spacer block; 11. Extrusion bead; 12. Protection pad; 13. Filling layer; 14. First pressure sensor; 15. Protrusion; 16. First oil channel; 17. Second oil channel; 18. Oil storage bag; 19. Second pressure sensor; 20. Support frame; 21. Groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0050] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "embodiment", "one embodiment" and "one implementation" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or implementation are included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or implementations in a suitable manner.

[0051] like Figure 1As shown, one or more temperature sensors II can be installed on both sides of the wall I, and multiple temperature sensors II monitor the temperature on both sides of the wall. The real-time monitoring device III is buried in the corner of the wall, and the top of the monitoring device III is connected to the wall I. Through the connection part, the change of the wall I is transmitted to the real-time monitoring device III of the wall crack. According to the pressure data collected by the monitoring device, the change of the wall I is analyzed, monitored and predicted, so as to make a real-time judgment on the condition of the wall I and whether cracks are generated, improve the timeliness of monitoring, avoid taking remedial measures after cracks are generated in the wall I, and timely protect the wall I in advance to avoid cracks in the wall I or slow down the speed of crack generation in time, and reduce the damage of the wall I. Collecting temperature and pressure data provides a basis for finding the cause of cracks in the wall I.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring device for wall cracks, including a top plate 1, a cover plate 2, an elastic member, a piston rod 5, a support 6, a second pressure sensor 19, a ball head 8, a protrusion 15, a base 9 and an angle measuring assembly;

[0053] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 One end of the top plate 1 is used to be fixedly connected to the wall, and the other end of the top plate 1 is rotatably connected to the cover plate 2. A groove 21 is provided at one end of the pillar 6, and an elastic member is installed in the groove 21. A second pressure sensor 19 is installed at the end of the groove 21 away from the cover plate 2. One end of the elastic member is connected to the cover plate 2, and the other end of the elastic member is installed on the second pressure sensor 19. A plurality of piston cavities 7 are provided at one end of the pillar 6, and the plurality of piston cavities 7 are evenly distributed in the groove 21 along the circumferential direction around the center of the groove 21. Around the groove 21, a plurality of piston rods 5 correspond to a plurality of piston chambers 7, one end of each piston rod 5 is slidably installed in the corresponding piston chamber 7, the other end of each piston rod 5 is connected to the cover plate 2, and a ball head 8 is installed at the other end of the support 6; when the support 6 is in a vertical state, a protrusion 15 is provided at the lowest point of the ball head 8; the ball head 8 is rotatably installed in the base 9, the angle measuring assembly is installed in the base 9, the protrusion 15 is in contact with the angle measuring assembly, and the base 9 is used to be fixedly installed on the ground;

[0054] like Figure 4As shown, the angle measuring assembly includes a plurality of first pressure sensors 14 and a filling layer 13, a hemispherical cavity is provided in the base 9, the hemispherical cavity is concentric with the ball head 8, a plurality of the first pressure sensors 14 are installed on the inner surface of the hemispherical cavity around the ball head 8, the first pressure sensors 14 at different positions correspond to a spatial angle, the filling layer 13 is installed between the plurality of the first pressure sensors 14, the filling layer 13 and the plurality of the first pressure sensors 14 constitute a hollow hemispherical layer, the outer wall of the hollow hemispherical layer is in contact with the inner surface of the hemispherical cavity, and the protrusion 15 is used to squeeze the first pressure sensor 14;

[0055] The first pressure sensor 14 and the second pressure sensor 19 are electrically connected to a monitor, and the monitor is used to analyze the first real-time pressure value uploaded by the first pressure sensor 14 and the second pressure value uploaded by the second pressure sensor 19 to monitor the changing state of the wall.

[0056] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 2The base 9 is buried and fixed on the ground or fixed on the ground with the help of a fixing device. The elastic member can be a spring 4. The top plate 1 is fixed on the wall Ⅰ. The entire real-time monitoring device Ⅲ is vertically installed on the ground, and the spring 4 is in a vertical natural extension state. After the foundation at the location of the wall begins to settle, the wall sinks relative to the ground surface. After the wall sinks, it may no longer be in a vertical state and may tilt left and right or front and back. The wall drives the top plate 1 to move, and the top plate 1 drives the cover plate 2 to move. Wall I drives the top plate 1 to apply pressure to the cover plate 2, or the top plate 1 drives the cover plate 2 to deflect. The cover plate 2 squeezes the spring 4, and the spring 4 squeezes the second pressure sensor 19. After the spring 4 is squeezed, the pillar 6 and the ball head 8 are subjected to the elastic force of the spring 4, and the ball head 8 squeezes the angle measuring assembly, driving the protrusion 15 on the ball head 8 to squeeze the first pressure sensor 14 or the filling layer 13 in the angle measuring assembly. If the wall tilts back and forth or left and right, the top plate 1 pushes the cover plate 2, and the cover plate 2 drives the piston rod 5 to move in the piston chamber 7, while driving the pillar 6 to tilt. The tilted pillar 6 drives the ball head 8 to move in the half The ball rotates in the cavity, the protrusion 15 rotates, and the first pressure sensors 14 at different positions are squeezed. The first pressure sensors 14 at different positions are subjected to different degrees of pressure. The first pressure sensor 14 and the second pressure sensor 19 are electrically connected to the monitor. The second pressure sensor 19 and the first pressure sensor 14 upload the collected pressure values ​​to the monitor. The monitor is used to analyze the first real-time pressure value uploaded by the first pressure sensor 14 and the second pressure value uploaded by the second pressure sensor 19. According to the first real-time pressure value and the second pressure value, the changing state of the wall is monitored, so as to make timely and accurate judgments on the state of the wall, avoid the problem of delayed monitoring, and be able to protect the wall in advance according to the monitored data to avoid cracks in wall I or slow down the speed of crack generation, thereby reducing damage to wall I. For example, the second pressure value includes a second real-time pressure value and a second initial pressure value. When the difference between the second real-time pressure value and the second initial pressure value is greater than or equal to a preset pressure value, it is determined that cracks have occurred in the wall. The maximum first real-time pressure value at each moment is determined based on the first real-time pressure values ​​uploaded by multiple first pressure sensors 14 at each moment. The rotation angle is determined based on the first pressure sensor 14 corresponding to the maximum first real-time pressure value, wherein each first pressure sensor 14 corresponds to a spatial angle, and the rotation angle is the spatial angle corresponding to the first pressure sensor 14 corresponding to the maximum first real-time pressure value.

[0057] Alternatively, if Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the angle measuring assembly also includes a protection unit, which is arranged between the inner surface of the hollow hemispherical layer and the ball head 8, and is installed on the inner wall of the hollow hemispherical layer to protect the first pressure sensor 14, and the protection unit is in contact with the protrusion 15.

[0058] Specifically, Figure 4 When the top plate 1 drives the cover plate 2 to move, the cover plate 2 may drive the pillar 6 and the ball head 8 to rotate. When the ball head 8 rotates, the protrusion 15 will move on the first pressure sensor 14. Because the top plate 1 may press down the cover plate 2, the spring 4 applies elastic force to the pillar 6, so that the protrusion 15 on the ball head 8 squeezes the first pressure sensor 14. The protection unit is added between the ball head 8 and the first pressure sensor 14 to prevent the protrusion 15 from directly squeezing the first pressure sensor 14 and rotating on the first pressure sensor 14 at the same time, that is, to prevent the protrusion 15 from crushing the first pressure sensor 14. In addition, the additional protection unit can also absorb the squeezing force of the protrusion 15, reduce the squeezing force applied by the protrusion 15 on the first pressure sensor 14, and protect the first pressure sensor 14.

[0059] In this embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, the protection unit includes a protection pad 12, which is installed on the inner surface of the hollow hemispherical layer to protect the first pressure sensor 14. The protection pad 12 can be a rubber pad or a silicone pad or other gasket with a certain elasticity, which can reduce the squeezing force of the protrusion 15 on the first pressure sensor 14. As long as the material that can protect the first pressure sensor 14 can be made into the protection pad 12.

[0060] Alternatively, if Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, the protection unit further includes a support frame 20, a spacer block 10 and an extrusion bead 11. The support frame 20 is a hemispherical plate concentric with the ball head 8. The support frame 20 is installed between the ball head 8 and the protection pad 12. A plurality of ball tracks are provided on the support frame 20. The centers of the plurality of ball tracks are coaxial with the center of the ball head 8. A plurality of extrusion beads 11 are installed on the ball tracks. The plurality of extrusion beads 11 are installed corresponding to the plurality of the first pressure sensors 14. The spacer block 10 is fixedly installed on the ball track. The spacer block 10 is used to limit the extrusion bead 11 on the ball track so that the position of the extrusion bead 11 corresponds to the position of the first pressure sensor 14. Among them, Figure 4 for Figure 5 Partial cross-sectional view along the FF direction.

[0061] Specifically, Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the support frame 20 is installed between the ball head 8 and the protection pad 12, and a plurality of circles of ball tracks are arranged on the support frame 20; corresponding to the plurality of circles of ball tracks, a plurality of circles of first pressure sensors are also arranged in the filling layer 13, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, 6 circles of first pressure sensors and 6 circles of ball tracks are provided, and the position of the first pressure sensor in each circle layer corresponds to the position of the extruded beads 11 in each circle layer. In order to fix the position of the extruded beads 11, a plurality of spacer blocks 10 can be installed on the ball track. All spacer blocks 10 can be fixedly installed on the ball track, or only one spacer block 10 can be fixedly installed on the ball track. In this way, the position of the extruded beads 11 can be limited to correspond to the corresponding position of the first pressure sensor 14.

[0062] In this embodiment, the protrusion 15 is in contact with the squeezing bead 11. When the protrusion 15 is under pressure, it applies force to the squeezing bead 11, and the squeezing bead 11 is pressed toward the protective pad 12. Since the squeezing bead 11 is rolled and installed in the support frame 20, there is a certain gap between the squeezing bead 11 and the support frame 20. The displacement distance of the squeezing bead 11 toward the protective pad 12 is limited, so that the squeezing bead 11 can transmit a certain pressure to the first pressure sensor 14, but the squeezing force applied to the first pressure sensor 14 is limited within a certain threshold, because only when the protrusion 15 rotates to a certain first pressure sensor 14, the squeezing bead 11 can transmit a certain pressure to the first pressure sensor 14. When the protrusion 15 is in the position, the first pressure sensor 14 at that position will be squeezed and upload a valid pressure value, and its pressure value is greater than zero. The first pressure sensor 14 at the position where the protrusion 15 has not reached will not be squeezed, and the pressure value will not be monitored. Therefore, it is sufficient to make the first pressure sensor 14 feel a certain pressure, and the first pressure sensor 14 does not need to be subjected to excessive squeezing force. The additional support frame 20 and squeezing beads 11 can limit the squeezing force within a certain range, so that the squeezing force on the first pressure sensor 14 will not cause damage to the first pressure sensor 14.

[0063] Alternatively, if Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of circles of sensor rings are arranged on the hollow hemispherical layer, and the centers of the plurality of circles of sensor rings are coaxial with the center of the ball head 8. A plurality of sensor groups are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on each of the sensor rings. The sensor groups on the plurality of sensor rings are arranged one by one, and each of the sensor groups contains an even number of the first pressure sensors 14. Along the direction from the center to the edge of the hollow hemispherical layer, the number of the first pressure sensors 14 in the sensor groups in the plurality of circles of the sensor rings increases equidistantly.

[0064] Specifically, Figure 5 The sensor rings are provided with 6 circles, each circle of the sensor rings is provided with 12 evenly spaced points, each point is provided with a sensor group, and the sensor groups on the multiple sensor rings are provided one by one, that is, the arc line formed by connecting the sensor groups at corresponding positions on the multiple sensor rings coincides with the arc of the largest circle of the hollow hemispherical layer, Figure 5It can be seen from the figure that in the innermost sensor ring, each sensor group includes two first pressure sensors 14. From the innermost layer to the outermost layer, the number of first pressure sensors 14 included in each sensor group increases equidistantly, namely 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 respectively. The plurality of extruded beads 11 are installed corresponding to the plurality of first pressure sensors 14, such as Figure 6 As shown, in each sensor group, every two first pressure sensors 14 correspond to one squeeze bead 11. Figure 7 It can be seen that one squeeze bead is installed corresponding to two first pressure sensors 14, so that it can be known that Figure 6 As shown, from the innermost ball track to the outermost ball track, the number of squeezed beads 11 corresponding to each sensor group also increases arithmetic progression, and the arithmetic progression of the number of squeezed beads 11 corresponding to each sensor group is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. One squeezed bead 11 corresponds to two first pressure sensors 14, in order to prevent the first pressure sensor 14 from failing. When one of the two first pressure sensors 14 corresponding to the squeezed bead 11 fails, the other first pressure sensor 14 can also sense the pressure, thereby improving the fault tolerance of the device. When one of the two first pressure sensors 14 in a pair feels the pressure, and the other has not felt the pressure for a long time, it can also indirectly reflect that the sensor is damaged. The damaged pressure sensor can be replaced during maintenance. Therefore, the two first pressure sensors 14 in a pair can also play a role in mutual monitoring and verification to ensure the normal operation of the entire device.

[0065] Alternatively, if Figure 2 As shown, the real-time monitoring device for wall cracks also includes a bellows 3 , one end of which is connected to the cover plate 2 , the other end of which is connected to one end of the support 6 , and the elastic member is installed in the bellows 3 .

[0066] Specifically, the spring 4 is installed in the bellows 3 to protect the spring 4 and prevent debris or foreign objects from clogging the running path of the spring 4 , thereby ensuring that the groove 21 is clean.

[0067] Alternatively, if Figure 2-Figure 4As shown, the real-time monitoring device for wall cracks also includes a first oil channel 16, a second oil channel 17 and an oil storage bag 18. The oil storage bag 18 is installed at one end of the piston cavity 7 close to the ball head 8. The first oil channel 16 and the second oil channel 17 are arranged in the ball head 8 and the support 6. The oil storage bag 18 is used to store lubricating oil. The first oil channel 16 is used to transport the lubricating oil in the oil storage bag 18 to the location of the protrusion 15. The second oil channel 17 is used to transport the lubricating oil in the oil storage bag 18 to the side wall of the piston cavity 7 in contact with the piston rod 5. When the piston rod 5 moves in the piston cavity 7, the lubricating oil can be pumped to the location of the protrusion 15 and the inner wall of the piston cavity 7 to reduce friction and wear.

[0068] like Fig. 9 As shown, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring method for wall cracks, comprising:

[0069] S100 : Acquire first real-time pressure values ​​uploaded by a plurality of first pressure sensors 14 and second real-time pressure values ​​uploaded by a second pressure sensor 19 .

[0070] S200: Obtaining the pressure change rate according to the second real-time pressure values ​​at multiple time points.

[0071] S300: Determine the maximum first real-time pressure value at each moment according to the first real-time pressure values ​​uploaded by the plurality of first pressure sensors 14 at each moment.

[0072] S400: Determine a rotation angle according to the first pressure sensor 14 corresponding to the maximum first real-time pressure value, wherein each of the first pressure sensors 14 corresponds to a spatial angle, and the rotation angle is the spatial angle corresponding to the first pressure sensor 14 corresponding to the maximum first real-time pressure value.

[0073] S500: Determine the angle change rate according to the rotation angles at multiple moments.

[0074] S600: Predicting the occurrence of wall cracks according to the first real-time pressure value, the pressure change rate, the rotation angle and the angle change rate.

[0075] Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2, due to the settlement of the foundation causing the wall I to drop or the temperature change causing the wall to expand, move or deform, the top plate 1 connected to the wall I can feel the settlement of the wall I or the deformation near the top plate 1, the wall I drives the top plate 1 to move, and the top plate 1 will move through the cover plate 2 and the spring 4, so that the spring 4 squeezes the second pressure sensor 19, and the second pressure sensor 19 uploads the pressure it feels. The larger the second real-time pressure value uploaded by the second pressure sensor 19, the more serious the sinking of the wall I, or when the pressure change rate of the second real-time pressure value is greater, it means that the wall I sinks rapidly in a short time. Special attention should be paid to the current situation of the wall I. Cracks may be generated on the wall I due to the rapid settlement of the wall I or the excessive settlement distance; further, the elastic force of the spring 4 is also transmitted to the pillar 6, causing the protrusion 15 on the ball head 8 to squeeze the first pressure sensor 14, or the piston rod 5 to squeeze the top plate 1 The movement is transmitted to the ball head 8, driving the protrusion 15 to rotate, thereby changing the extrusion position and squeezing the first pressure sensor 14 at the corresponding position. Since each first pressure sensor 14 corresponds to a fixed spatial angle, the rotation angle of the protrusion 15 can be known, thereby reflecting the deformation distance or degree of the wall I. The larger the spatial angle of the squeezed first pressure sensor 14, the greater the deformation degree of the wall I, and the more likely cracks are to appear. Therefore, when the rotation angle is too large or the angular change rate of the rotation angle is too large, it means that the wall I is severely deformed or the deformation speed is fast. At this time, cracks may appear on the wall I. Based on this, the changes of the wall I can be monitored in advance. Even if there are no cracks on the surface of the wall I, the movement and deformation of the wall I can be known, so as to protect the wall I in advance, avoid the further deterioration of the state of the wall I, and reduce the probability of cracks on the surface of the wall I.

[0076] Optionally, predicting the occurrence of wall cracks according to the first real-time pressure value, the pressure change rate, the rotation angle, and the angle change rate includes:

[0077] Determine whether the difference between the second real-time pressure value and the second initial pressure value is less than a preset pressure value, wherein the second initial pressure value is the first second real-time pressure value uploaded by the second pressure sensor 19 after the installation and debugging of the wall crack real-time monitoring device is completed.

[0078] When the difference is greater than or equal to the preset pressure value, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall.

[0079] When the difference is less than the preset pressure value, it is determined whether the pressure change rate is greater than the preset pressure change rate.

[0080] When the pressure change rate is greater than the preset pressure change rate, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall.

[0081] When the pressure change rate is less than or equal to the preset pressure change rate, it is determined whether the rotation angle is greater than a preset angle.

[0082] When the rotation angle is greater than the preset angle, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall.

[0083] When the rotation angle is less than or equal to the preset angle, it is determined whether the angle change rate is greater than a preset angle change rate.

[0084] When the angle change rate is greater than the preset angle change rate, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall.

[0085] When the angle change rate is less than or equal to the preset angle change rate, it is determined that no cracks occur in the wall.

[0086] Through the above analysis, the state of the wall I under different conditions can be further analyzed, so as to determine the time point when cracks may appear on the wall I. After analysis and determination, although the result is determined to be cracks in the wall, in fact, cracks may not appear on the wall I yet. It is just an early warning that cracks are likely to appear on the wall I. Even if there are no cracks at this time, if no protective measures are taken for the wall I, cracks will appear on the wall I with a high probability, and there is a risk of further deterioration of the wall I. In addition, since multiple circles of sensor rings are arranged in the filling layer 13, each sensor ring is evenly distributed with multiple sensor groups, and each sensor group is provided with multiple first pressure sensors 14, sometimes multiple first pressure sensors 14 sense pressure values ​​at the same time. At this time, the spatial angle of the first pressure sensor 14 corresponding to the maximum pressure value can be taken as the rotation angle of the protrusion 15; the position of the first pressure sensor 14 that uploads the first real-time pressure value can also be analyzed in time sequence, and the positions of the first pressure sensors 14 that upload the first real-time pressure value are connected in time sequence, so that the motion trajectory of the protrusion 15 can be obtained, and the deformation trajectory of the wall I can be obtained in reverse, providing a basis for formulating protective measures.

[0087] The wall crack real-time monitoring method also includes:

[0088] The sinking distance of the wall is determined according to the second real-time pressure value, the second initial pressure value and the rotation angle.

[0089] Specifically, the sinking distance L = (Ft-F0)*sinα / k, where Ft is the second real-time pressure value, F0 is the second initial pressure value, k is the elastic coefficient of the elastic member, and α is the rotation angle. Based on this, the sinking distance of the wall can be analyzed to provide accurate data support for formulating protective measures.

[0090] The following measures can be taken to protect against temperature cracks: For walls without thermal insulation, thermal insulation layers can be added to reduce the temperature of the wall surface and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the wall; when temperature cracks already exist on the wall, if the cracks do not affect the structural safety, they can be blocked with mortar after the cracks stabilize. The following measures can be taken to protect against settlement cracks: when settlement cracks occur and the settlement rate is relatively slow and tends to weaken, the cracks should be repaired after they stabilize. The repair is generally done with cement mortar, resin mortar filling or cement grouting for sealing and protection; when the settlement rate is relatively fast and tends to accelerate further, a temporary support device should be established, and the wall should be reinforced before repair.

[0091] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring device for wall cracks, characterized in that: include: A top plate (1), a cover plate (2), an elastic member, a piston rod (5), a support column (6), a second pressure sensor (19), a ball head (8), a protrusion (15), a base (9) and an angle measuring assembly; One end of the top plate (1) is used for fixed connection with the wall, and the other end of the top plate (1) is rotatably connected with the cover plate (2). One end of the support (6) is provided with a groove (21), and an elastic member is installed in the groove (21). A second pressure sensor (19) is installed at the end of the groove (21) away from the cover plate (2). One end of the elastic member is connected to the cover plate (2), and the other end of the elastic member is installed on the second pressure sensor (19). One end of the support (6) is provided with a plurality of piston cavities (7), and the plurality of piston cavities (7) are evenly distributed in the groove (2) along the circumferential direction around the center of the groove (21). 1), a plurality of piston rods (5) correspond to a plurality of piston chambers (7), one end of each piston rod (5) is slidably mounted in the corresponding piston chamber (7), the other end of each piston rod (5) is connected to the cover plate (2), and a ball head (8) is mounted on the other end of the support (6); when the support (6) is in a vertical state, a protrusion (15) is provided at the lowest point of the ball head (8); the ball head (8) is rotatably mounted in the base (9), the angle measuring assembly is mounted in the base (9), the protrusion (15) contacts the angle measuring assembly, and the base (9) is used for being fixedly mounted on the ground; The angle measuring assembly comprises a plurality of first pressure sensors (14) and a filling layer (13); a hemispherical cavity is arranged in the base (9); the hemispherical cavity is concentric with the ball head (8); a plurality of the first pressure sensors (14) are mounted on the inner surface of the hemispherical cavity around the ball head (8); the first pressure sensors (14) at different positions correspond to a spatial angle; the filling layer (13) is mounted between the plurality of the first pressure sensors (14); the filling layer (13) and the plurality of the first pressure sensors (14) constitute a hollow hemispherical layer; the outer wall of the hollow hemispherical layer is in contact with the inner surface of the hemispherical cavity; the protrusion (15) is used to squeeze the first pressure sensor (14); the angle measuring assembly further comprises a protection unit; the protection unit is arranged between the inner surface of the hollow hemispherical layer and the ball head (8); the protection unit is mounted on the inner wall of the hollow hemispherical layer and is used to protect the first pressure sensor (14); the protection unit and the protrusion (15) 15), the protection unit comprises a protection pad (12), the protection pad (12) is installed on the inner surface of the hollow hemispherical layer and is used to protect the first pressure sensor (14), the protection unit also comprises a support frame (20), a spacer block (10) and an extrusion bead (11), the support frame (20) is a hemispherical plate concentric with the ball head (8), the support frame (20) is installed between the ball head (8) and the protection pad (12), a plurality of ball tracks are arranged on the support frame (20), the centers of the plurality of ball tracks are coaxial with the center of the ball head (8), a plurality of extrusion beads (11) are installed on the ball tracks, the plurality of extrusion beads (11) are installed corresponding to the plurality of first pressure sensors (14), the spacer block (10) is fixedly installed on the ball track, the spacer block (10) is used to limit the extrusion bead (11) on the ball track so that the position of the extrusion bead (11) corresponds to the position of the first pressure sensor (14); The first pressure sensor (14) and the second pressure sensor (19) are electrically connected to a monitor, and the monitor is used to analyze a first real-time pressure value uploaded by the first pressure sensor (14) and a second pressure value uploaded by the second pressure sensor (19) to monitor the changing state of the wall.

2. The real-time monitoring device for wall cracks according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hollow hemispherical layer is provided with a plurality of circles of sensor rings, the centers of the circles of the sensor rings being coaxial with the center of the ball head (8), and a plurality of sensor groups being evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on each of the sensor rings, the sensor groups on the plurality of sensor rings being arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and each of the sensor groups comprising an even number of the first pressure sensors (14); and along the direction from the center to the edge of the hollow hemispherical layer, the number of the first pressure sensors (14) in the sensor groups in the plurality of circles of the sensor rings increases equidistantly.

3. The real-time monitoring device for wall cracks according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In each of the sensor groups, every two of the first pressure sensors (14) correspond to one of the squeeze beads (11).

4. The real-time monitoring device for wall cracks according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a bellows, one end of the bellows (3) is connected to the cover plate (2), the other end of the bellows (3) is connected to one end of the support (6), and the elastic member is installed in the bellows (3).

5. A real-time monitoring method for wall cracks, characterized in that: Based on the wall crack real-time monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the wall crack real-time monitoring method comprises: Acquiring first real-time pressure values ​​uploaded by a plurality of first pressure sensors (14) and second real-time pressure values ​​uploaded by a second pressure sensor (19); Obtaining the pressure change rate according to the second real-time pressure values ​​at multiple time points; Determining the maximum first real-time pressure value at each moment according to the first real-time pressure values ​​uploaded by the plurality of first pressure sensors (14) at each moment; Determining a rotation angle according to the first pressure sensor (14) corresponding to the maximum first real-time pressure value, wherein each of the first pressure sensors (14) corresponds to a spatial angle, and the rotation angle is the spatial angle corresponding to the first pressure sensor (14) corresponding to the maximum first real-time pressure value; Determining the angle change rate according to the rotation angles at multiple moments; The occurrence of wall cracks is predicted according to the first real-time pressure value, the pressure change rate, the rotation angle and the angle change rate.

6. The real-time monitoring method for wall cracks according to claim 5, characterized in that: The predicting of the occurrence of wall cracks according to the first real-time pressure value, the pressure change rate, the rotation angle and the angle change rate includes: Determining whether the difference between the second real-time pressure value and the second initial pressure value is less than a preset pressure value, wherein the second initial pressure value is the first second real-time pressure value uploaded by the second pressure sensor (19) after the installation and commissioning of the wall crack real-time monitoring device is completed; When the difference is greater than or equal to the preset pressure value, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall; When the difference is less than the preset pressure value, determining whether the pressure change rate is greater than the preset pressure change rate; When the pressure change rate is greater than the preset pressure change rate, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall; When the pressure change rate is less than or equal to the preset pressure change rate, determining whether the rotation angle is greater than a preset angle; When the rotation angle is greater than the preset angle, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall; When the rotation angle is less than or equal to the preset angle, determining whether the angle change rate is greater than a preset angle change rate; When the angle change rate is greater than the preset angle change rate, it is determined that cracks occur in the wall; When the angle change rate is less than or equal to the preset angle change rate, it is determined that no cracks occur in the wall.

7. The real-time monitoring method for wall cracks according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: The sinking distance of the wall is determined according to the second real-time pressure value, the second initial pressure value and the rotation angle.

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