A reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system applied to the technical field of reforming hydrogen production. In order to reduce the probability of catalyst deactivation, when it is monitored that the catalytic temperature is too high, the dynamic sealing plate is first moved to increase the catalyst filling space, so that the catalyst filling depth is reduced, and a gas space is formed between the inner wall of the shell for the aggregation and flow of methanol water vapor. Subsequently, water vapor is input, and the accumulated methanol water vapor can be discharged along the gas space, effectively reducing the flow and contact of methanol water vapor inside the catalyst. In addition, the input water vapor can also increase the water-to-alcohol ratio, thereby further reducing the formation of carbon deposits on the catalyst surface. In addition, by extracting hot air from the heat exchange tube, not only the heating of the catalyst is suspended, but also the heat exchange tube is partially contracted, providing a flow channel for the aggregation and discharge process of methanol water vapor, making it difficult for it to flow through the inside of the catalyst, further reducing the formation of carbon deposits, and reducing the probability of catalyst deactivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a reforming device, and in particular to a reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system applied in the technical field of reforming hydrogen production. Background Art

[0002] In methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cells, methanol water is used as raw material and catalyzed through a reforming chamber equipped with a catalyst to produce a mixed gas including hydrogen and carbon dioxide that is provided to the fuel cell stack for power generation.

[0003] For example, the Chinese patent CN201811045076.0 discloses a reforming chamber and a fuel cell for hydrogen production by methanol reforming, which solves the technical problem of low hydrogen production efficiency in the reforming chamber. The catalyst can be filled between multiple heat exchange tubes and multiple partitions through the first hole, so that the catalyst can be fully heated, the heat utilization rate can be improved, and the heating time can be shortened, so that the catalyst reaches the optimal catalytic temperature range. The temperature sensor is installed in the first hole and extends into the catalyst. The temperature of the heating gas can be controlled by the obtained temperature of the catalyst to achieve temperature control of the catalyst; at the same time, the methanol water vapor is fully contacted with the catalyst at the optimal catalytic temperature in the accommodation space to catalyze hydrogen production, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen production.

[0004] Catalysts are the key to methanol steam reforming technology. Currently, there are two main types of catalysts used for methanol steam reforming to produce hydrogen: one is non-precious metal catalysts, mainly including Cu-based catalysts (such as CuO / ZnO / Al2O3, etc.) and non-Cu-based catalysts (such as Zn-Cr, Ni series, etc.); the other is precious metal catalysts, such as Pd-based catalysts. Cu is one of the few metals that has catalytic activity for water dissociation and activation of carbon species such as methanol. Therefore, Cu-based catalysts are the most commonly used catalysts for methanol steam reforming to produce hydrogen.

[0005] Compared with precious metal catalysts, Cu-based catalysts have the advantages of low cost, high low-temperature activity, and low by-product CO selectivity, but they have poor thermal stability and are easily sintered and deactivated, especially when the water-alcohol ratio is low or the reaction temperature is high. Once the catalyst is deactivated, it will seriously affect the hydrogen production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that in the process of hydrogen production by methanol steam reforming, the Cu-based catalyst used is prone to carbon deposition due to a low water-to-methanol ratio or a high reaction temperature, resulting in deactivation, which affects the hydrogen production effect.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system, comprising a shell, a main side box, a secondary side box and a plurality of evenly distributed heat exchange tubes located inside the shell, the main side box and the secondary side box are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the shell, the two ends of the heat exchange tube are fixedly connected between the main side box and the secondary side box, and communicate with the inside of the two, the outer end of the shell is fixedly connected with a plurality of temperature sensors, the sensing end of the temperature sensor is fixedly penetrated through the outer wall of the shell and extends into the catalyst inside the shell, the upper and lower inner walls of the shell are respectively fixedly connected with a plurality of upper partitions and a plurality of lower partitions, and the upper partitions and the lower partitions are evenly distributed at intervals, the inside of the shell is slidably connected with a pair of dynamic sealing plates, the upper partition and the lower partition are located between the pair of dynamic sealing plates, the heat exchange tube movably penetrates the inside of the upper partition, the lower partition and the dynamic sealing plate, and a plurality of through hole areas are opened on the pair of dynamic sealing plates;

[0008] The end of the main side box away from the shell is connected with a heat inlet pipe, a raw material inlet pipe and a main connecting rod, all of which have valves. The heat inlet pipe is fixedly passed through the main side box and communicated with the inside thereof. The raw material inlet pipe is fixedly passed through the main side box and communicated with the inside of the shell. One end of the main connecting rod movably passes through the main side box and is fixedly connected to a dynamic sealing plate close to the main side box, and the other end is fixedly connected to the output end of the external hydraulic cylinder.

[0009] The end of the secondary side box away from the outer shell is connected to a heat exhaust pipe, a raw material outlet pipe and a secondary connecting rod, all of which are also equipped with valves. The heat exhaust pipe is fixedly passed through the secondary side box and communicated with its interior, the raw material outlet pipe is fixedly passed through the secondary side box and communicated with the inner side of the outer shell, one end of the secondary connecting rod movably passes through the secondary side box and is fixedly connected to a dynamic sealing plate close to the secondary side box, and the other end is fixedly connected to the output end of another external hydraulic cylinder.

[0010] As a further supplement to the present application, the catalyst is a granular Cu-based catalyst, and the through-hole region includes a plurality of uniformly distributed micropores, and the pore size of the micropores is smaller than the particle size of the Cu-based catalyst particles.

[0011] As a further supplement to the present application, a plurality of injection holes are provided at the outer end of the shell, the internal threads of the injection holes are connected with sealing plugs, and the injection holes and the catalyst are both located between a pair of dynamic sealing plates.

[0012] As a further supplement to the present application, the sides of the main side box and the auxiliary side box that are away from each other are respectively connected with a water vapor inlet pipe and a water vapor outlet pipe with valves. The water vapor inlet pipe is fixedly passed through the main side box and communicated with the inner side of the outer shell, and the water vapor outlet pipe is fixedly passed through the auxiliary side box and communicated with the inner side of the outer shell.

[0013] A reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system, and a method for using the reforming device comprises the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Reforming hydrogen production process:

[0015] Step 1-1, hot air is continuously introduced into the heat inlet pipe, and the hot air is dispersed into multiple heat exchange pipes through the main side box. After the catalyst is heated by the heat exchange pipe, the hot air is discharged and collected from the heat exhaust pipe. At the same time, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the catalyst in real time;

[0016] Step 1-2, when the catalyst temperature reaches the catalytic temperature range, the vaporized methanol-water vapor mixed gas is introduced into the raw material inlet pipe, the mixed gas first reaches the area between the main side box and the dynamic sealing plate, and then enters between a pair of dynamic sealing plates through the through-hole area, fully contacts with the catalyst in an S-shaped path, and performs reforming hydrogen production reaction. The reformed gas passes through the through-hole area on the other dynamic sealing plate, enters between the dynamic sealing plate and the secondary side box, and is finally discharged and collected through the raw material outlet pipe;

[0017] Step 2, deactivation prevention process: When the temperature sensor detects that the catalyst temperature exceeds the catalytic temperature range, perform the following operations in sequence:

[0018] Step 2-1, suspend the input of hot gas into the heat pipe and the input of methanol-water vapor mixed gas into the raw material inlet pipe, and at the same time close the valves on the raw material inlet pipe and the raw material outlet pipe, and drive the main connecting rod and the auxiliary connecting rod to move by a pair of external hydraulic cylinders, so that the pair of dynamic sealing plates move back to back and away from each other, the space between the pair of dynamic sealing plates increases, the catalyst moves from high to low with the movement of the dynamic sealing plates, the filling depth decreases, and a gas space is formed between the catalyst and the upper inner wall of the shell, so that the methanol-water vapor and the reforming product gas existing in the shell are mainly gathered in the gas space;

[0019] Step 2-2, water vapor is introduced into the water vapor inlet pipe, and the water vapor enters between a pair of dynamic sealing plates through the through-hole area, and mixes with the gathered methanol-water vapor to form a mixed gas with a higher water-to-alcohol ratio, and then the mixed gas is discharged and collected through the water vapor outlet pipe. On the one hand, the input of water vapor can make the mixed gas quickly discharged from the outer shell. Due to the existence of gas space, methanol-water vapor is not easy to flow and contact inside the catalyst during the discharge process, thereby reducing the formation of carbon on the catalyst surface. On the other hand, the introduced water vapor can also increase the water-to-alcohol ratio, further reducing the formation of carbon deposits.

[0020] As another improvement of the present application, the heat exchange tube includes an inner straight tube, and a plurality of hard tubes and soft sleeves are provided on the outer side of the inner straight tube. The hard tubes and soft sleeves are arranged at intervals and are fixedly connected and communicated with each other.

[0021] As another improvement supplement to the present application, the hard tubes on the head and tail sides are respectively fixedly connected to and communicate with the main side box and the auxiliary side box, and the two ends of the inner straight tube extend to the interior of the main side box and the auxiliary side box respectively and are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two, and there are gaps between the hard tube and the soft sleeve and the inner straight tube.

[0022] As another improvement supplement of the present application, the upper partition and the lower partition are both provided with multiple through holes corresponding to the heat exchange tubes, and multiple soft sleeves are respectively movable through the inner sides of the multiple through holes. The inner diameter of the soft sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the hard tube, and the outer diameter of the soft sleeve is the same as the aperture of the through hole.

[0023] As another improvement supplement of the present application, in step 2-1, after suspending the input of hot gas into the heat inlet pipe, the following steps can also be performed: closing the valve on the heat inlet pipe and extracting the existing hot gas in the heat exchange tube through the heat exhaust pipe, on the one hand suspending the heating of the catalyst, and on the other hand causing the heat exchange tube to partially shrink and form pores between the perforations, so that the methanol vapor in the gas space can flow smoothly and not easily flow through the inside of the catalyst, thereby further reducing the formation of carbon on the catalyst surface and reducing the probability of catalyst deactivation.

[0024] In summary, in order to reduce the probability of catalyst deactivation, the present application first moves a pair of movable sealing plates to increase the catalyst filling space and reduce the catalyst filling depth when the catalytic temperature is monitored to be too high, so as to form a gas space between the catalyst and the inner wall of the shell for the accumulation and flow of methanol water vapor. Subsequently, in the process of inputting water vapor, the accumulated methanol water vapor can be discharged along the above-mentioned gas space, effectively reducing the flow and contact of methanol water vapor inside the catalyst. Moreover, the input water vapor, on the one hand, serves as a medium to push the methanol water vapor, and on the other hand, after entering the shell, it can also increase the water-to-alcohol ratio, thereby further reducing the formation of carbon on the catalyst surface. In addition, by extracting hot air from the heat exchange tube, not only the heating of the catalyst is suspended, but also the heat exchange tube is partially contracted, thereby providing an effective flow channel for the accumulation and discharge of methanol water vapor in the gas space, making it difficult for methanol water vapor to flow through the inside of the catalyst, further reducing the formation of carbon on the catalyst surface, and reducing the probability of catalyst deactivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a stereogram of the first and second embodiments of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top surface structure of the first and second embodiments of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the first and second implementation modes of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram of the dynamic sealing plate of the first and second embodiments of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a partial side structural schematic diagram of a heat exchange tube according to the second embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6This is a partial stereoscopic diagram of the heat exchange tube in the second embodiment of the present application when it is deformed;

[0031] Figure 7 A three-dimensional diagram of the housing of the first and second embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reforming process of the first and second implementation modes of the present application;

[0033] Fig. 9 The structure of the deactivation process of the first and second embodiments of the present application is schematically shown. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Fig.10 The structure of the deactivation process of the first and second embodiments of the present application is schematically shown. Figure 2 .

[0035] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0036] 1 shell, 101 injection hole, 2 main side box, 3 auxiliary side box, 4 dynamic sealing plate, 401 through-hole area, 51 upper partition, 52 lower partition, 501 perforation, 6 heat exchange tube, 61 hard tube, 62 soft sleeve, 63 inner straight tube, 71 heat inlet pipe, 72 heat exhaust pipe, 81 raw material inlet pipe, 82 raw material outlet pipe, 91 main connecting rod, 92 auxiliary connecting rod, 10 temperature sensor, 11 water vapor inlet pipe, 12 sealing plug, 13 water vapor outlet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following describes two implementation modes of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The first implementation method:

[0039] The present invention provides a reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system, see Figure 1-Figure 3 , including a shell 1, a main side box 2, a secondary side box 3 and a plurality of evenly distributed heat exchange tubes 6 located on the inner side of the shell 1, the main side box 2 and the secondary side box 3 are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the shell 1, the two ends of the heat exchange tube 6 are fixedly connected between the main side box 2 and the secondary side box 3, and communicate with the interior of the two, the outer end of the shell 1 is fixedly connected with a plurality of temperature sensors 10, the sensing end of the temperature sensor 10 is fixedly passed through the outer wall of the shell 1 and extends into the catalyst inside the shell 1, and the catalyst temperature is monitored in real time.

[0040] See also Figure 1-Figure 3The upper and lower inner walls of the shell 1 are respectively fixedly connected with a plurality of upper partitions 51 and a plurality of lower partitions 52, and the upper partitions 51 and the lower partitions 52 are evenly spaced. A pair of dynamic sealing plates 4 are slidably connected inside the shell 1, and the upper partitions 51 and the lower partitions 52 are located between the pair of dynamic sealing plates 4. The heat exchange tube 6 is movable through the upper partitions 51, the lower partitions 52 and the dynamic sealing plates 4. The upper partitions 51 and the lower partitions 52 reinforce the heat exchange tube 6 on the one hand, and on the other hand, the methanol vapor is allowed to flow in a transverse S path inside the shell 1 through the upper and lower interval settings (such as Figure 8 As shown), the reaction efficiency of methanol vapor and catalyst can be improved.

[0041] Combination Figure 4 As shown, a pair of dynamic sealing plates 4 are each provided with a plurality of through hole areas 401 , and the through hole areas 401 are used for the flow of methanol and water vapor on both sides of the dynamic sealing plates 4 .

[0042] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 The end of the main side box 2 away from the outer shell 1 is connected with a heat inlet pipe 71, a raw material inlet pipe 81 and a main connecting rod 91, all of which have valves. The heat inlet pipe 71 is fixedly penetrated through the main side box 2 and communicated with its interior. The raw material inlet pipe 81 is fixedly penetrated through the main side box 2 and communicated with the inner side of the outer shell 1. One end of the main connecting rod 91 movably penetrates the main side box 2 and is fixedly connected to the dynamic sealing plate 4 close to the main side box 2, and the other end is fixedly connected to the output end of the external hydraulic cylinder.

[0043] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 The end of the secondary side box 3 away from the outer shell 1 is connected with a heat exhaust pipe 72, a raw material outlet pipe 82 and a secondary connecting rod 92, all of which are also equipped with valves. The heat exhaust pipe 72 is fixedly penetrated through the secondary side box 3 and communicated with its interior. The raw material outlet pipe 82 is fixedly penetrated through the secondary side box 3 and communicated with the inner side of the outer shell 1. One end of the secondary connecting rod 92 movably penetrates the secondary side box 3 and is fixedly connected to the dynamic sealing plate 4 close to the secondary side box 3, and the other end is fixedly connected to the output end of another external hydraulic cylinder.

[0044] The catalyst adopts a granular Cu-based catalyst, which has the advantages of low cost, high low-temperature activity, and low by-product CO selectivity. The through-hole area 401 includes a plurality of evenly distributed micropores, and the pore size of the micropores is smaller than the particle size of the Cu-based catalyst particles. The through-hole area 401 is used for the flow of methanol and water vapor. At the same time, through the size restriction, the Cu-based catalyst can be stably filled between a pair of dynamic sealing plates 4 and is not easy to enter the other side of the dynamic sealing plate 4.

[0045] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 7As shown, a plurality of injection holes 101 are provided at the outer end of the shell 1, and the internal threads of the injection holes 101 are connected with sealing plugs 12. The injection holes 101 and the catalyst are both located between a pair of dynamic sealing plates 4. The catalyst can be injected into the shell 1 and the used catalyst can be sucked out through the injection holes 101, and at the same time, the added catalyst is located between the pair of dynamic sealing plates 4. The area between the pair of dynamic sealing plates 4 is the methanol reforming space.

[0046] The sides of the main side box 2 and the auxiliary side box 3 that are away from each other are respectively connected with a water vapor inlet pipe 11 and a water vapor outlet pipe 13 with valves. The water vapor inlet pipe 11 is fixedly passed through the main side box 2 and communicated with the inner side of the outer shell 1, and the water vapor outlet pipe 13 is fixedly passed through the auxiliary side box 3 and communicated with the inner side of the outer shell 1.

[0047] A reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system, and a method for using the reforming device comprises the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Reforming hydrogen production process:

[0049] Step 1-1, such as Figure 2 As shown, hot air is continuously introduced into the heat inlet pipe 71, and the hot air is dispersed into a plurality of heat exchange pipes 6 through the main side box 2. After the catalyst is heated by the heat exchange pipe 6, the hot air is discharged and collected from the heat exhaust pipe 72. At the same time, the temperature sensor 10 monitors the temperature of the catalyst in real time.

[0050] Step 1-2, such as Figure 8 As shown, when the catalyst temperature reaches the catalytic temperature range, the vaporized methanol-water vapor mixed gas is introduced into the raw material inlet pipe 81, and the mixed gas first reaches the area between the main side box 2 and the dynamic sealing plate 4, and then enters between a pair of dynamic sealing plates 4 through the through-hole area 401, and fully contacts with the catalyst in an S-shaped path to perform reforming hydrogen production reaction. The reformed gas passes through the through-hole area 401 on the other dynamic sealing plate 4, enters between the dynamic sealing plate 4 and the secondary side box 3, and is finally discharged and collected through the raw material outlet pipe 82;

[0051] Step 2, deactivation prevention process: When the temperature sensor 10 detects that the catalyst temperature exceeds the catalytic temperature range, the following operations are performed in sequence:

[0052] Step 2-1: Fig. 9As shown, the input of hot gas in the heat inlet pipe 71 and the input of methanol-water vapor mixed gas in the raw material inlet pipe 81 are suspended, and the valves on the raw material inlet pipe 81 and the raw material outlet pipe 82 are closed at the same time. The main connecting rod 91 and the auxiliary connecting rod 92 are driven to move by a pair of external hydraulic cylinders, so that the pair of dynamic sealing plates 4 move back to back and away from each other, and the space between the pair of dynamic sealing plates 4 increases. The catalyst moves from high to low with the movement of the dynamic sealing plates 4, and the filling depth decreases. A gas space is formed between the catalyst and the upper inner wall of the shell 1, so that the methanol-water vapor and the reforming product gas (including carbon dioxide, a small amount of carbon monoxide, etc.) existing in the shell 1 are mainly gathered in the gas space;

[0053] Step 2-2, such as Fig.10 As shown, water vapor is introduced into the water vapor inlet pipe 11, and the water vapor enters between a pair of dynamic sealing plates 4 through the through-hole area 401, and mixes with the gathered methanol water vapor to form a mixed gas with a higher water-to-alcohol ratio, and then the mixed gas is discharged and collected through the water vapor outlet pipe 13. On the one hand, the input of water vapor can make the mixed gas quickly discharged from the housing 1. Due to the existence of the gas space, the methanol water vapor is not easy to flow and contact inside the catalyst during the discharge process, thereby reducing the formation of carbon deposits on the catalyst surface. On the other hand, the introduced water vapor can also increase the water-to-alcohol ratio, further reducing the formation of carbon deposits.

[0054] In addition, after the temperature of the catalyst in the housing 1 returns to normal, the methanol vapor discharged from the vapor outlet pipe 13 can be introduced into the housing 1 again for reforming reaction, thereby reducing the waste of raw materials.

[0055] Although Cu-based catalysts have great high-quality properties, they also have defects such as poor thermal stability and easy sintering and deactivation. In the methanol steam reforming reaction, when the water-to-methanol ratio is low or the reaction temperature is high, Cu-based catalysts are prone to carbon deposition and deactivation. Carbon deposition comes from hydrocarbons formed during the reaction and from CO converted into elemental carbon through the Boydouard reaction. Carbon deposition will block the pores of the catalyst and cover its surface active species, thereby reducing its catalytic performance.

[0056] Based on the above practical problems, when the present application detects that the temperature is too high, it first moves a pair of movable sealing plates 4 to increase the catalyst filling space, so that the catalyst moves from high to low, the filling depth decreases, and a gas space is formed between the inner wall of the outer shell 1 for the gathering and flow of methanol water vapor. Subsequently, in the process of inputting water vapor, the gathered methanol water vapor can flow and be discharged along the above-mentioned gas space, effectively reducing the flow and contact of methanol water vapor inside the catalyst. Moreover, the input water vapor, on the one hand, serves as a medium to propel the methanol water vapor, and on the other hand, after entering the outer shell 1, it can also increase the water-to-alcohol ratio, thereby further reducing the formation of carbon on the catalyst surface.

[0057] Second implementation method:

[0058] Based on the embodiment 1, the structure of the heat exchange tube 6 is specifically configured as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 The heat exchange tube 6 includes an inner straight tube 63, and a plurality of hard tubes 61 and soft sleeves 62 are arranged on the outside of the inner straight tube 63. The hard tubes 61 and the soft sleeves 62 are arranged at intervals and fixedly connected and communicated with each other. The hard tubes 61 on the head and tail sides are respectively fixedly connected and communicated with the main side box 2 and the secondary side box 3. The two ends of the inner straight tube 63 extend to the inside of the main side box 2 and the secondary side box 3 respectively and are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two. The inner straight tube 63 can play a linear positioning role for the soft sleeve 62, so that the soft soft sleeve 62 is not easy to drive the hard tube 61 to sag. There is a gap between the hard tube 61 and the soft sleeve 62 and the inner straight tube 63, and the gap is used for the circulation of hot gas. The hot gas heats the catalyst through the hard tube 61.

[0059] See also Figure 6 A plurality of through holes 501 corresponding to the heat exchange tubes 6 are provided on the upper partition 51 and the lower partition 52, and a plurality of soft sleeves 62 are movably inserted into the inner sides of the plurality of through holes 501, the inner diameter of the soft sleeve 62 is larger than the inner diameter of the hard tube 61, and the outer diameter of the soft sleeve 62 is the same as the aperture of the through hole 501.

[0060] Through the above arrangement, in step 2-1, after the hot gas input to the heat inlet pipe 71 is stopped, the following steps can be performed: closing the valve on the heat inlet pipe 71 and extracting the hot gas in the heat exchange pipe 6 through the heat exhaust pipe 72;

[0061] Through the above steps, on the one hand, the heating of the catalyst is suspended to promote its temperature to drop, and on the other hand, Figure 6 and Fig. 9 As shown, by extracting gas, the soft sleeve 62 shrinks due to negative pressure, the outer diameter is reduced, and a gap is formed between the soft sleeve 62 and the perforation 501. The gap provides an effective flow channel for the methanol vapor to gather in the gas space (the process in step S2-1) and during the discharge process (the process in step 2-2), so that the methanol vapor is not easy to flow through the inside of the catalyst, further reducing the formation of carbon on the catalyst surface and reducing the probability of catalyst deactivation.

[0062] In view of current practical needs, the above-mentioned implementation mode adopted in this application is not limited to the scope of protection. Various changes made within the knowledge scope of technical personnel in this field without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system, comprising a housing (1), a main side box (2), a secondary side box (3), and a plurality of evenly distributed heat exchange tubes (6) located inside the housing (1), wherein the main side box (2) and the secondary side box (3) are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the housing (1), the two ends of the heat exchange tube (6) are fixedly connected between the main side box (2) and the secondary side box (3), and communicate with the interior of the two, the outer end of the housing (1) is fixedly connected to a plurality of temperature sensors (10), the sensing ends of the temperature sensors (10) are fixedly passed through the outer wall of the housing (1) and extend into the interior of a catalyst in the housing (1), and the characteristics are as follows: The upper and lower inner walls of the outer shell (1) are respectively fixedly connected with a plurality of upper baffles (51) and a plurality of lower baffles (52), and the upper baffles (51) and the lower baffles (52) are evenly spaced. The interior of the outer shell (1) is slidably connected with a pair of dynamic sealing plates (4), the upper baffles (51) and the lower baffles (52) are located between the pair of dynamic sealing plates (4), the heat exchange tubes (6) are movably passed through the interior of the upper baffles (51), the lower baffles (52) and the dynamic sealing plates (4), and a plurality of through hole areas (401) are provided on the pair of dynamic sealing plates (4); The end of the main side box (2) away from the outer shell (1) is connected to a heat inlet pipe (71), a raw material inlet pipe (81) and a main connecting rod (91), all of which have valves. The heat inlet pipe (71) is fixedly passed through the main side box (2) and communicates with the interior thereof. The raw material inlet pipe (81) is fixedly passed through the main side box (2) and communicates with the inner side of the outer shell (1). One end of the main connecting rod (91) movably passes through the main side box (2) and is fixedly connected to a dynamic sealing plate (4) close to the main side box (2), and the other end is fixedly connected to an output end of an external hydraulic cylinder. The end of the secondary side box (3) away from the outer shell (1) is connected to a heat exhaust pipe (72), a raw material outlet pipe (82) and a secondary connecting rod (92), all of which are also provided with valves. The heat exhaust pipe (72) is fixedly passed through the secondary side box (3) and communicated with the interior thereof. The raw material outlet pipe (82) is fixedly passed through the secondary side box (3) and communicated with the inner side of the outer shell (1). One end of the secondary connecting rod (92) movably passes through the secondary side box (3) and is fixedly connected to a dynamic sealing plate (4) close to the secondary side box (3), and the other end is fixedly connected to an output end of another external hydraulic cylinder.

2. A reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst is a granular Cu-based catalyst, and the through-hole region (401) includes a plurality of evenly distributed micropores, wherein the pore diameter of the micropores is smaller than the particle diameter of the Cu-based catalyst particles.

3. The reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the housing (1) is provided with a plurality of injection holes (101), the inner parts of the injection holes (101) are threadedly connected with sealing plugs (12), and the injection holes (101) and the catalyst are both located between a pair of dynamic sealing plates (4).

4. The reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water vapor inlet pipe (11) and a water vapor outlet pipe (13) with valves are respectively connected to the sides of the main side box (2) and the auxiliary side box (3) that are away from each other. The water vapor inlet pipe (11) is fixedly passed through the main side box (2) and communicated with the inner side of the outer shell (1), and the water vapor outlet pipe (13) is fixedly passed through the auxiliary side box (3) and communicated with the inner side of the outer shell (1).

5. A reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of use includes the following steps: Step 1: Reforming hydrogen production process: Step 1-1, hot air is continuously introduced into the heat inlet pipe (71), and the hot air is dispersed into the plurality of heat exchange pipes (6) through the main side box (2). After the catalyst is heated by the heat exchange pipes (6), the hot air is discharged and collected from the heat exhaust pipe (72), and at the same time, the temperature sensor (10) monitors the temperature of the catalyst in real time; Step 1-2, when the catalyst temperature reaches the catalytic temperature range, the vaporized methanol-water vapor mixed gas is introduced into the raw material inlet pipe (81), the mixed gas first reaches the area between the main side box (2) and the dynamic sealing plate (4), and then enters between a pair of dynamic sealing plates (4) through the through-hole area (401), fully contacts with the catalyst in an S-shaped path, and performs a reforming hydrogen production reaction. The reformed gas passes through the through-hole area (401) on the other dynamic sealing plate (4), enters between the dynamic sealing plate (4) and the secondary side box (3), and is finally discharged and collected through the raw material outlet pipe (82); Step 2, deactivation prevention treatment process: When the temperature sensor (10) detects that the catalyst temperature exceeds the catalytic temperature range, the following operations are performed in sequence: Step 2-1, suspending the input of hot gas from the heat inlet pipe (71) and the input of methanol-water vapor mixed gas from the raw material inlet pipe (81), and closing the valves on the raw material inlet pipe (81) and the raw material outlet pipe (82) at the same time, and driving the main connecting rod (91) and the auxiliary connecting rod (92) to move by a pair of external hydraulic cylinders, so that the pair of dynamic sealing plates (4) move in opposite directions and away from each other, the space between the pair of dynamic sealing plates (4) increases, the catalyst moves from high to low with the movement of the dynamic sealing plates (4), the filling depth decreases, and a gas space is formed between the catalyst and the upper inner wall of the housing (1), so that the methanol-water vapor and the reforming product gas existing in the housing (1) are mainly gathered in the gas space; Step 2-2, water vapor is introduced into the water vapor inlet pipe (11), and the water vapor enters between a pair of dynamic sealing plates (4) through the through-hole area (401), and mixes with the gathered methanol water vapor to form a mixed gas with a higher water-to-alcohol ratio. The mixed gas is then discharged and collected through the water vapor outlet pipe (13). On the one hand, the input of water vapor can make the mixed gas quickly discharged from the housing (1). Due to the existence of gas space, the methanol water vapor is not easy to flow and contact inside the catalyst during the discharge process, thereby reducing the formation of carbon deposits on the catalyst surface. On the other hand, the introduced water vapor can also increase the water-to-alcohol ratio, further reducing the formation of carbon deposits.

6. A reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat exchange tube (6) comprises an inner straight tube (63), and a plurality of hard tubes (61) and soft sleeves (62) are provided on the outer side of the inner straight tube (63). The hard tubes (61) and soft sleeves (62) are arranged at intervals and are fixedly connected and communicated with each other.

7. A reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hard tubes (61) at the head and tail sides are respectively fixedly connected to and communicate with the main side box (2) and the auxiliary side box (3); the two ends of the inner straight tube (63) respectively extend into the interior of the main side box (2) and the auxiliary side box (3) and are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two boxes; and there are gaps between the hard tube (61) and the soft sleeve (62) and the inner straight tube (63).

8. The reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper baffle (51) and the lower baffle (52) are both provided with a plurality of through holes (501) corresponding one to one with the heat exchange tubes (6), and the plurality of soft sleeves (62) are respectively movably inserted through the inner sides of the plurality of through holes (501), the inner diameter of the soft sleeves (62) is greater than the inner diameter of the hard tubes (61), and the outer diameter of the soft sleeves (62) is the same as the aperture of the through holes (501).

9. A reforming device for a methanol fuel cell system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 2-1, after suspending the input of hot gas into the heat inlet pipe (71), the following steps may be performed: closing the valve on the heat inlet pipe (71) and extracting the existing hot gas in the heat exchange tube (6) through the heat exhaust pipe (72), thereby suspending the heating of the catalyst on the one hand and causing the soft sleeve (62) to shrink due to the negative pressure on the other hand, thereby forming a gap between the soft sleeve (62) and the perforation (501), so that the methanol vapor in the gas space can flow smoothly and is not easy to flow through the inside of the catalyst, thereby further reducing the formation of carbon on the catalyst surface and reducing the probability of catalyst deactivation.

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