PEM water electrolysis flow field plate and design method for thermal deviation and temperature shock

Abstract

A PEM water electrolysis flow field plate and design method for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock, comprising at least one group of flow field plates, each group of flow field plates being provided with an anode flow field plate and a cathode flow field plate, and a cooling fluid flow path being provided on the back of at least one flow field plate. The back of the flow field plate is divided into at least one high temperature zone and a low temperature zone according to the temperature, and the length of the cooling fluid flow path in the low temperature zone is less than the length of the cooling fluid flow path in the high temperature zone. The present invention realizes targeted single-chip electrode heat dissipation in an integrated fuel cell stack by separately setting cooling fluid flow paths in the high temperature zone and the low temperature zone, so that thermal deviation can be regulated and alleviated, especially when coping with temperature shock caused by pulling load, heat can be effectively exchanged in the high temperature zone without lowering the temperature in the low temperature zone, thereby ensuring the safety and efficiency of the peak moment, and providing more reliable safety and efficiency guarantees for docking with high-proportion fluctuation conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of PEM water electrolysis, and in particular relates to a PEM water electrolysis flow field plate and a design method for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock. Background Art

[0002] In the proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis system, the flow field plate is one of the key components. It is mainly used to evenly distribute the reaction gas and liquid to ensure the efficient operation of the electrolysis process. Among them, the specific structural design of the flow field plate directly affects the transmission, distribution and management of gas and liquid. Optimizing its structure can effectively reduce the pressure drop in the battery and improve the electrolysis efficiency. At present, in the field of PEM water electrolysis technology, the flow field plate is usually made of titanium material to effectively conduct current, and its surface structure helps to enhance the distribution of gas and liquid.

[0003] The channel design on the flow field plate ensures that the reactants can fully contact the electrode surface, while taking away the reaction products, avoiding gas retention and accumulation, preventing blockage and reduced reaction efficiency. In addition, the flow field plate also plays a role in supporting the electrodes and proton exchange membranes, maintaining the structural integrity of the entire electrolysis unit. Effective flow field design can reduce the overall resistance of the electrolytic cell, reduce power loss, and increase hydrogen yield and system stability. Therefore, the optimized design of the flow field plate is one of the key factors in improving the efficiency and durability of PEM water electrolysis. However, the industrial application of PEM water electrolysis cannot form a higher installed capacity by moving towards a single-tank technology route, so the development towards high-power fuel cells is imperative. However, it is still difficult to form a systematic process flow for the packaging of the fuel cell stack. The main reason is that there are problems of uneven force in the fuel cell stack and difficulty in heat conduction between electrodes. In particular, the temperature of the middle electrode sheet is too high, which restricts the electrolysis temperature and forms a serious thermal deviation. After detection and analysis in actual situations, it was found that when absorbing the fluctuating output of a high proportion of fluctuating wind and solar energy, the load will cause a series of problems such as short-term instantaneous temperature and voltage shocks. Therefore, it must be supplemented by corresponding cooling design.

[0004] In the prior art, the traditional stack cooling design often adopts an overall cooling design when considering the compact consistency of the stack, and it is impossible to perform targeted cooling of the electrode sheet deep inside the electrode, resulting in the cooling of the local areas with high heat generation and the local areas with low heat generation together, causing the overall temperature of the original low-temperature area to be low. Based on the above problems, Chinese patent CN113745562A discloses a cathode flow field plate, bipolar plate and PEMFC for PEMFC, which records the processing of cooling water channels on the back of the cathode flow field plate to achieve the ability to cool the monolithic structure. However, due to the problem of uneven temperature distribution inside the monolithic electrode, especially in the scenario where the aforementioned pull load forms a short-term instantaneous temperature and voltage shock, a large temperature difference will be formed between different internal areas. Therefore, based on safety considerations, the prior art can only sacrifice the performance of the stack to ensure safety, and cannot eliminate or reduce the impact of thermal deviation.

[0005] In summary, it is necessary to improve the existing flow field plate and adjust the heat dissipation design to achieve the ability to reduce thermal deviation in specific scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: a plate design that can be applied to the inside of a fuel cell to directly achieve targeted cooling of the electrode without the need for complicated design, thereby reducing the internal thermal deviation of the electrode and ensuring the safety of the fuel cell when coping with load temperature shocks, thereby providing a guarantee for the PEM water electrolysis fuel cell system to fully absorb fluctuating energy.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0008] On the one hand, the present invention provides a PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock, comprising at least one group of flow field plates, each group of flow field plates being provided with an anode flow field plate and a cathode flow field plate;

[0009] A cooling medium flow path is provided on the back of at least one flow field plate in each set of flow field plates;

[0010] The back side of the flow field plate provided with the cooling medium flow path is divided into at least one high temperature zone and a low temperature zone according to the temperature, and at least part of the cooling medium flow path is provided in each high temperature zone;

[0011] The length of the cooling medium flow path in the low temperature zone is shorter than the length of the cooling medium flow path in the high temperature zone.

[0012] Optionally, the flow field plate is a flat plate structure, with a working flow channel provided on the front side;

[0013] The flow field plates are stacked in multiple groups, and the cathode flow field plates of each group of flow field plates are in back-to-back contact with the anode flow field plates of an adjacent group of flow field plates.

[0014] Optionally, the cooling medium flow path is a trough structure, and forms a sealed flow path with the back side of an adjacent flow field plate.

[0015] Optionally, the cooling medium flow path is a slot body structure with a constant cross-section or a slot body structure with a variable cross-section.

[0016] Optionally, the envelope area of ​​the outer envelope of the cooling medium flow path is smaller than the area of ​​the high temperature zone;

[0017] The outer envelope is convergent.

[0018] Optionally, the cooling medium flow path is located on the back side of the anode flow field plate.

[0019] Optionally, the peripheral side of the flow field plate is provided with a cooling medium liquid inlet cavity and a cooling medium liquid outlet cavity which are connected frontally and rearwardly;

[0020] Two ends of the cooling medium flow path are respectively connected to the cooling medium liquid inlet cavity and the cooling medium liquid outlet cavity.

[0021] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for designing a PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock, characterized in that the steps include:

[0022] Establishing a three-dimensional model of the flow field plate, and bringing the three-dimensional model of the flow field plate and working parameters into the simulation software to perform temperature field simulation calculation to obtain simulation results;

[0023] Dividing a high temperature zone and a low temperature zone on the back side of the flow field plate based on the simulation results;

[0024] Based on the inlet position and the outlet position of the cooling medium flow path and the position of the high temperature zone, the path of the cooling medium flow path is obtained by calculating through a path algorithm.

[0025] Optionally, the path calculation of the cooling medium flow path further includes:

[0026] The high temperature area is meshed, and a starting point and an end point are set, and the longest simple path is obtained by calculating the longest path algorithm;

[0027] Then, the midpoints of the grids in the simple path are connected along the path direction to obtain the path of the cooling medium flow path.

[0028] Optionally, the method further includes modifying the path of the cooling medium flow path, wherein the path modification includes:

[0029] The length of the straight section of the cooling medium flow path is proportionally reduced in the opposite direction of the temperature gradient.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following technical effects:

[0031] The present invention adopts a two-plate three-cavity structure, combines the high-temperature zone and the low-temperature zone to set up cooling fluid flow paths, and realizes targeted single-chip electrode heat dissipation in the integrated fuel cell stack, so that the temperature and thermal deviation of the fuel cell stack can be fully regulated and alleviated during the operation of the fuel cell stack. In particular, when dealing with temperature shock caused by loading, heat can be effectively exchanged in the high-temperature zone without lowering the temperature in the low-temperature zone, thereby ensuring peak instantaneous safety and efficiency, and providing more reliable safety and efficiency guarantees for connecting to fluctuating working conditions with high-proportion fluctuations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a front perspective view of a single set of flow field plates in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional view of the rear side of a single set of flow field plates in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a front view of the anode flow field plate in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a front perspective view of the anode flow field plate in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a rear view of the anode flow field plate in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional view of the rear side of the anode flow field plate in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a front view of the cathode flow field plate in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 It is a perspective view of the front side of the cathode flow field plate in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional diagram of three sets of flow field plates spliced ​​together in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of an envelope in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.11This is a simulated temperature diagram of the back side of the anode flow field plate in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] In the figure: 1, anode flow field plate, 2, cathode flow field plate, 101, anode water inlet chamber, 102, anode water outlet chamber, 103, anode flow channel, 104, cooling fluid liquid outlet chamber, 105, cooling fluid liquid inlet chamber, 106, cooling fluid flow path, 107, high temperature zone, 108, low temperature zone, 201, first cathode gas-liquid outlet chamber, 202, second cathode gas-liquid outlet chamber, 203, cathode flow channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the relative relationships indicated by the terms "front side", "back side", etc. are based on the end face close to the intermediate membrane electrode (proton exchange membrane) and the end face far away from the intermediate membrane electrode in actual applications. They are for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0048] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] It should be noted that "low temperature" and "high temperature" in the description of the present invention are relative concepts, and it should be understood that the average temperature of the high temperature zone is greater than the average temperature of the low temperature zone, and the high temperature described will have an adverse effect on the components and / or system.

[0050] It should also be noted that the methods used in the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the raw materials and devices used are all conventional commercially available products unless otherwise specified.

[0051] On the one hand, this embodiment provides a PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it comprises at least one group of flow field plates, each group of flow field plates is provided with an anode flow field plate 1 and a cathode flow field plate 2, and an intermediate membrane electrode is installed between the two flow field plates.

[0052] The flow field plate adopts a common flat plate structure and has a flow channel on the front. Since the flow channels in the prior art are various and are designed in a partitioned manner, such as a columnar flow distribution structure in the transition zone and a zigzag, serpentine, or special-shaped flow channel in the working zone, the flow channel on the front of the flow field plate is simplified in this embodiment. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a single, serpentine anode flow channel 103 is arranged on the front of the anode flow field plate 1, and square holes are processed on both sides of the anode flow field plate 1, which are respectively the anode water inlet chamber 101 and the anode water outlet chamber 102, and are connected to the anode flow channel 103. The specific material of the flow field plate is high-purity titanium, taking into full consideration the poisoning effect of some impurity ions on the membrane electrode and the acidic environment of electrolysis. The titanium plates in the processing stage are all stamped once and formed by processes such as turning to ensure the corrosion resistance and structural rigidity of the flow field plate as much as possible.

[0053] It should be noted that the above design is only for the convenience of explaining and understanding the specific technical solution of the present invention and should not be understood as a specific limiting condition.

[0054] At least one flow field plate in each set of flow field plates is provided with a cooling medium flow path on the back side. Specifically, in this embodiment, a cooling medium flow path 106 is designed to be processed on the back side of the anode flow field plate 1. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, on the back of the anode flow field plate 1, a high temperature zone 107 and a low temperature zone 108 are artificially divided according to the temperature (such as Figure 5 The cooling fluid flow path 106 is shown in the dashed box in the middle, and the main body of the cooling fluid flow path 106 is located in the high temperature zone 107 (that is, the length of the cooling fluid flow path in the low temperature zone 108 is less than the length of the cooling fluid flow path in the high temperature zone 107), and the two ends are connected to the cooling fluid inlet chamber 105 and the cooling fluid outlet chamber 104 respectively through a broken line segment, and the middle flow path is arranged in a serpentine shape on the surface of the back of the anode flow field plate 1. Optionally, the two cavities are processed in the upper and lower parts at the peripheral position of the anode flow field plate 1, and adopt the same parallel opening design as the anode water inlet and outlet chambers, so as to ensure the separation of the opposite sides of the water inlet and outlet on a single flow channel plate. Accordingly, in this embodiment, the design is as follows Figure 5As shown, considering that the relatively low temperature area 108 cannot be further heated, the design adopts a strategy of not cooling in this area, and the cooling medium flow path 106 bypasses the low temperature area 108 through the zigzag design at both ends; and in order to avoid excessive temperature drop in the flow channel area, the back flow field is inevitably redundantly bypassed by the above-mentioned zigzag channel when designing, and try to avoid the flow channel heat exchange area to prevent excessive heat exchange from lowering the flow channel plate temperature and affecting the performance of the battery. At the same time, it should also be considered that in actual battery stack applications, the intermediate membrane electrode is more likely to receive temperature shock and overheating, so there are higher requirements for cooling water volume and cooling water temperature. Therefore, the plate is equipped with a split design of water inlet and outlet, so as to ensure the flexible supply of cooling water, and can customize water supply to each membrane electrode, fully ensuring the safety during operation.

[0055] Optionally, in the specific design of this embodiment, in order to reduce the number of structural parts, the cooling medium flow path 106 is designed as a square trough structure, combined with a centralized design, such as Fig. 9 As shown, multiple groups of flow field plates are stacked and arranged, and the cathode flow field plate of each group of flow field plates is in back-to-back contact with the anode flow field plate of the adjacent group of flow field plates, thereby forming a sealed flow path through the back of the adjacent cathode flow field plates and the slot body of the cooling medium flow path 106. The cooling medium flow path 106 structure designed in this way reduces the difficulty and cost of the processing technology. It is only necessary to install a sealing end cover on the last anode flow field plate, or to seal it with the installation position, without the need to install a separate sealing structure on the back of each anode flow field plate. Further, the cooling medium flow path 106 is a trough structure of equal cross-section or a trough structure of variable cross-section. Specifically, the use of a variable cross-section trough structure can consider a scheme of changing the width of the trough body according to the temperature distribution of the area, that is, the area with high temperature corresponds to a wider trough body. Although it will reduce the flow rate of the cooling medium, it can increase the heat exchange area, and the slightly reduced flow rate is also conducive to a more complete heat exchange process, thereby increasing the overall heat dissipation efficiency. However, in this embodiment, for the convenience of demonstration, the uniform cross-section tank structure is illustrated in the figure for illustration.

[0056] Optionally, since there is no extreme temperature gradient at the boundary between the high temperature zone 107 and the low temperature zone 108, and there is also a linear change, it is necessary to further distinguish the boundary and the area with the highest temperature in the high temperature zone 107. Therefore, in this embodiment, the envelope area of ​​the outer envelope of the cooling fluid flow path 106 (excluding the broken line segment at the end) is designed to be smaller than the area of ​​the high temperature zone. It can be understood that the coverage area of ​​the cooling fluid flow path 106 on the back of the anode flow field plate 1 (calculating the area enclosed between two adjacent sections of the flow path) is smaller than the area of ​​the high temperature zone 107, so that the heat transfer law is used to naturally weaken the temperature drop at the boundary to reduce the impact on the low temperature zone 108. In the above design, in order to make the heat dissipation effect more in line with the heat dissipation demand design, the serpentine flow path is designed to include a bend and a straight section, and the straight section is arranged in the horizontal direction, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the flow field plate (approximately the temperature gradient direction), and the spacing between adjacent straight sections is adjusted to increase the spacing along the high temperature-low temperature direction; the outer envelope of the cooling fluid flow path 106 can also be designed ( Fig.10 The midpoint line) is convergent, that is, Fig.10 As shown, the length of the straight section decreases along the high temperature-low temperature direction.

[0057] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the cathode flow field plate 2 of this embodiment has a corresponding cathode flow channel 203 designed on the front, and is respectively connected to the front-to-back double-outlet cathode gas-liquid outlet chambers arranged on both sides, namely the first cathode gas-liquid outlet chamber 201 and the second cathode gas-liquid outlet chamber 202, and by adjusting the size parameters, it is ensured that the cathode and anode ridges are aligned with the ridges, and the flow channels are aligned with the flow channels, thereby ensuring the pressing accuracy of the membrane electrode.

[0058] The traditional stack design needs to ensure that the temperature of the membrane electrode in the center area of ​​the stack is not overloaded, so its operating temperature can only be limited to around 60°C. The commonly used anti-overload cooling also adopts integral cooling, which reduces the overall stack operating temperature and deteriorates the performance, and cannot reduce the thermal deviation, thus affecting the life of the membrane electrode, and there is no better mitigation strategy when facing the temperature shock caused by the load. The present invention combines the split design with the simulation partition research. Under the above configuration, the flow channel design is carried out in a targeted manner by controlling the water temperature and water flow, so that the temperature and thermal deviation of the stack can be fully regulated and alleviated during the operation of the stack. When dealing with the temperature shock caused by the load, the heat exchange process can be improved by controlling the instantaneous water flow, so that the peak moment can be alleviated to a certain extent, which provides a more reliable guarantee for docking with high-proportion fluctuation conditions.

[0059] On the other hand, this embodiment also provides a method for designing a PEM water electrolysis flow field plate to cope with thermal deviation and temperature shock, the steps comprising:

[0060] First, a three-dimensional model of the anode flow field plate in this embodiment is established in the engineering software, and the three-dimensional model of the anode flow field plate and the corresponding working parameters are brought into the simulation software to perform temperature field simulation calculation, especially the short-term instantaneous high temperature and high voltage formed by the pull load during the fluctuating output, and the simulation results are obtained, such as Fig.11 As shown, the back area where the anode flow channel is located is selected to show that there is a serious thermal deviation in the flow channel, and the high heat area is concentrated on the water inlet side away from the anode flow channel. Therefore, in order to ensure that the entire membrane is in a relatively uniform temperature range, it is necessary to properly cool the flow channel away from the water inlet;

[0061] Based on the simulation results, the back of the flow field plate is divided into a high temperature zone and a low temperature zone. Specifically, one of the following methods can be selected:

[0062] (1) Artificial setting: based on past experience, the temperature is differentiated by dividing the high temperature area and the low temperature area along an isotherm in the temperature graph, or along the isotherm and the boundary of the graph;

[0063] (2) Preset algorithm setting, preset at least two boundary temperature values, the computer automatically divides the temperature map into high temperature area and low temperature area based on the boundary temperature values ​​and the graphic boundary;

[0064] After dividing the high temperature zone and the low temperature zone, a small amount of correction should be made according to the actual structure, such as avoiding the processing structure and the influence of the cooling medium entering and leaving the liquid cavity on the surrounding temperature. Figure 5 The high temperature zone 107 and the low temperature zone 108 are shown;

[0065] Based on the inlet and outlet positions of the cooling medium flow path and the position of the high temperature zone, the path of the cooling medium flow path is calculated by a path algorithm; wherein a simplified method for calculating the cooling medium flow path is:

[0066] The high temperature area is meshed into a square grid with a side length equal to the slot width of the cooling medium flow path plus half of the spacing between adjacent straight sections. The starting point and the end point are set, and then the longest simple path is calculated by the longest path algorithm; the starting point grid is the grid closest to the cooling medium inlet cavity in straight line distance, and the end point grid is the grid closest to the cooling medium outlet cavity in straight line distance;

[0067] Then, the midpoints of the grids in the simple path are connected along the path direction to obtain the path of the cooling medium flow path.

[0068] Optionally, the method further includes modifying the path of the cooling medium flow path, wherein the path modification includes:

[0069] On the basis of the above path, the length of the straight section of the cooling medium flow path is proportionally reduced in the opposite direction of the temperature gradient, wherein the ratio can be equal ratio or variable ratio, that is, as mentioned above, reference Fig.10 The outer envelope of the cooling medium flow path is designed to be a parabola, which can ensure that there is a longer straight section flowing through the higher temperature area to ensure sufficient heat dissipation power, while the length of the straight section can be reduced on the side close to the low temperature area. Moreover, since the parabola is used as a reference, the length change rate is gradually accelerated, which is also in line with the actual heat dissipation demand distribution.

[0070] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock, comprising at least one set of flow field plates, each set of flow field plates being provided with an anode flow field plate and a cathode flow field plate; It is characterized in that A cooling medium flow path is provided on the back of at least one flow field plate in each set of flow field plates; The back side of the flow field plate provided with the cooling medium flow path is divided into at least one high temperature zone and a low temperature zone according to the temperature, and at least part of the cooling medium flow path is provided in each high temperature zone; The length of the cooling medium flow path in the low temperature zone is shorter than the length of the cooling medium flow path in the high temperature zone; The envelope area of ​​the outer envelope of the cooling medium flow path is smaller than the area of ​​the high temperature zone; The outer envelope is convergent; The cooling medium flow path is located on the back side of the anode flow field plate.

2. The PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow field plate is a flat plate structure, and a working flow channel is provided on the front side; The flow field plates are stacked in multiple groups, and the cathode flow field plates of each group of flow field plates are in back-to-back contact with the anode flow field plates of an adjacent group of flow field plates.

3. The PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling medium flow path is a trough structure and forms a sealed flow path with the back of the adjacent flow field plate.

4. The PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cooling medium flow path is a slot body structure with a constant cross section or a slot body structure with a variable cross section.

5. The PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peripheral side of the flow field plate is provided with a cooling medium liquid inlet cavity and a cooling medium liquid outlet cavity which are connected frontally and rearwardly; Two ends of the cooling medium flow path are respectively connected to the cooling medium liquid inlet cavity and the cooling medium liquid outlet cavity.

6. A design method for PEM water electrolysis flow field plate to cope with thermal deviation and temperature shock, characterized in that: The method for designing a PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock according to any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the following steps: Establishing a three-dimensional model of the flow field plate, and bringing the three-dimensional model of the flow field plate and working parameters into the simulation software to perform temperature field simulation calculation to obtain simulation results; Dividing a high temperature zone and a low temperature zone on the back side of the flow field plate based on the simulation results; Based on the inlet position and the outlet position of the cooling medium flow path and the position of the high temperature zone, the path of the cooling medium flow path is obtained by path algorithm calculation.

7. The method for designing a PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock according to claim 6, characterized in that: The path calculation of the cooling medium flow path also includes: The high temperature area is meshed, and a starting point and an end point are set, and the longest simple path is obtained by calculating the longest path algorithm; Then, the midpoints of the grids in the simple path are connected along the path direction to obtain the path of the cooling medium flow path.

8. The method for designing a PEM water electrolysis flow field plate for coping with thermal deviation and temperature shock according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method also includes modifying the path of the cooling medium flow path, wherein the path modification includes: The length of the straight section of the cooling medium flow path is proportionally reduced in the opposite direction of the temperature gradient.

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