Anti-vibration device for four-axis machining of shaft parts

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of shaft parts processing, and specifically discloses an anti-vibration device for shaft parts during four-axis processing. It is used to solve the vibration phenomenon of the tool during the milling groove processing of shaft parts. The anti-vibration device includes a supporting base plate, a mechanical hydraulic device, a load-bearing rod and two support rollers. The left and right ends of the load-bearing rod are coaxially fixed with a positioning indexing plate, a pair of support arms and a fastening sleeve in sequence. The support roller includes a central axis and a rubber outer layer wrapped around the outside of the central axis. Steel balls are filled between the rubber outer layer and the central axis. The left and right ends of the central axis are respectively connected to the free ends of the support arms located on the same side through sliding bearings. The present invention is conducive to increasing the rigidity of shaft parts and avoiding the vibration phenomenon of the tool during processing through the support of the support rollers to the shaft parts and the structural design of the support rollers, thereby increasing the service life of the milling groove tool and achieving a yield rate of more than 99% for shaft parts after four-axis processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shaft parts processing, and in particular relates to an anti-vibration device used for four-axis processing of shaft parts. Background Art

[0002] Spline shafts, camshafts and other shaft parts are commonly used transmission parts in today's automation equipment. The processing of some shaft parts requires four-axis positioning processing in the machining center, such as milling spline grooves, milling camshaft grooves, etc. When milling shaft parts with a diameter of less than 50mm and a length of more than 500mm, the insufficient rigidity of the parts often causes the overall vibration of the parts, resulting in the vibration of the tool, resulting in dense chatter marks on the groove surface after milling. The measured roughness of the groove surface after milling Ra>6.4, and the dimensions of each section are uneven when measured along the length, with a difference of about 0.2% of the groove width. The overall size is unqualified, the one-time processing yield is less than 50%, and rework is often required.

[0003] The vibration of parts during the slot milling process will also be added to the milling tool, causing tool vibration fatigue, which can easily cause brittle fracture of the tool, reducing the tool's service life by more than half and increasing processing costs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an anti-vibration device for four-axis machining of shaft parts, which effectively solves the tool vibration phenomenon when the shaft parts are milled.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an anti-vibration device for four-axis processing of shaft parts, including a supporting base plate, a mechanical hydraulic device, a load-bearing rod and two supporting rollers arranged side by side in front and behind, a plurality of limiting vertical plates are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the supporting base plate, and a limiting channel for limiting the load-bearing rod is formed between the limiting vertical plate located on the front side of the supporting base plate and the limiting vertical plate located on the rear side of the supporting base plate, and the left and right ends of the supporting base plate are bolted with travel baffles, and the travel baffles are provided with limiting openings.

[0006] The mechanical hydraulic device is arranged on the top end surface of the supporting base plate, and the mechanical hydraulic device includes a lifting rod, a hydraulic cylinder and a force screw. The top end of the lifting rod is connected to the bottom end surface of the load-bearing rod. The top end of the lifting rod is a hemispherical protrusion, and the bottom end surface of the load-bearing rod is provided with a hemispherical groove. The hemispherical protrusion is matched with the hemispherical groove. The load-bearing rod passes through the limiting channel and the end of the load-bearing rod is located in the limiting opening.

[0007] The left and right ends of the load-bearing rod are coaxially fixed with a positioning dividing plate for adjusting the angle and positioning the support arm, a pair of support arms and a fastening sleeve for preventing the support arm from moving left and right. The support arm is located between the fastening sleeve and the positioning dividing plate, and each pair of support arms is arranged crosswise with each other.

[0008] There are 36 positioning holes evenly arranged on the upper circle of the positioning dividing plate, and the interval between adjacent positioning holes is 10°. Each support arm is provided with a positioning pin hole. The distance from the center of the positioning pin hole to the axis of the load-bearing rod is equal to the distance from the center of the positioning hole to the axis of the load-bearing rod. The positioning pin holes are connected to each other by positioning pins.

[0009] The support roller includes a central shaft and a rubber outer layer wrapped around the outside of the central shaft, steel balls for shock absorption and buffering are filled between the rubber outer layer and the central shaft, and the left and right ends of the central shaft are respectively connected to the free ends of the support arms located on the same side through sliding bearings.

[0010] Furthermore, a square outer shell is provided in the middle section of the load-bearing rod, and one end of the positioning dividing plate is connected to the end surface of the square outer shell.

[0011] Furthermore, the hemispherical groove is arranged in the middle of the bottom end surface of the square shell of the load-bearing rod.

[0012] Furthermore, there are four limit vertical plates, which are located in pairs on the front and rear sides of the supporting base plate, and the gap between the front side wall and the rear side wall of the load-bearing rod and the inner side wall of the limit vertical plate on the same side is 0.1 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the material of the rubber outer layer is hydrogenated nitrile rubber.

[0014] Furthermore, the limiting opening is U-shaped, and the gap between the load-bearing rod and the inner side wall of the limiting opening is 0.1 mm.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention supports shaft parts through two support rollers and the structural design of the support rollers is beneficial to increasing the rigidity of shaft parts and avoiding the tool chattering phenomenon during processing, increasing the service life of the milling tool, saving 50% of the processing cost, and achieving a yield of more than 99% for shaft parts with poor rigidity after four-axis processing.

[0016] (2) The present invention achieves the adjustment of the support angle of the support arm and the control of the height of the load-bearing rod according to the change in the diameter of the shaft parts through the cooperation between the mechanical hydraulic device and the load-bearing rod, and the cooperation between the positioning pin hole of the support arm and the positioning hole of the positioning indexing plate. Since the lifting rod of the mechanical hydraulic device and the load-bearing rod form a tight and smooth fit, it is beneficial to automatically adjust the contact surface of the support roller when processing shaft parts with tapers. In summary, the present invention can be applied to the processing of shaft parts with multiple specifications of outer diameters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the anti-tremor device of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle load-bearing rod.

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the middle support roller.

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the mechanical hydraulic device.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the present invention when four-axis processing is performed on shaft parts.

[0022] List of reference numerals: supporting base plate-1; load-bearing rod-2; supporting roller-3; limiting vertical plate-4; travel baffle-5; limiting opening-6; lifting rod-7; force screw-8; supporting arm-9; positioning dividing plate-10; fastening sleeve-11; square shell-12; positioning hole-13; positioning pin-14; center axis-15; rubber outer layer-16; steel ball-17; sliding bearing-18; hemispherical protrusion-19; hemispherical groove-20; shaft parts-21. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Embodiment 1: An anti-vibration device for a shaft part 21 during four-axis machining, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a support base plate 1, a mechanical hydraulic device, a load-bearing rod 2 and two support rollers 3. Two limit vertical plates 4 arranged in parallel on the front and rear sides of the support base plate 1 are respectively provided, and the two limit vertical plates 4 located on the front side of the support base plate 1 correspond to the two limit vertical plates 4 located on the rear side of the support base plate 1. A limit channel for limiting the load-bearing rod 2 is formed between the limit vertical plate 4 located on the front side of the support base plate 1 and the limit vertical plate 4 located on the rear side of the support base plate 1, and the gap between the front side wall and the rear side wall of the load-bearing rod 2 and the inner side wall of the limit vertical plate 4 on the same side is 0.1mm. The left and right ends of the support base plate 1 are bolted with a travel baffle 5, and a limit opening 6 is provided on the travel baffle 5. The load-bearing rod 2 passes through the limit channel and the end of the load-bearing rod 2 is located in the limit opening 6. In this embodiment, the limit opening 6 is U-shaped, and the gap between the load-bearing rod 2 and the inner side wall of the limit opening 6 is 0.1mm. In this embodiment, the support bottom plate 1 , the limit vertical plate 4 and the travel baffle 5 are all made of aluminum alloy.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the mechanical hydraulic device is fixed on the top surface of the supporting base plate 1, and includes a lifting rod 7, a hydraulic cylinder and a force screw 8. The top end of the lifting rod 7 is connected to the bottom end surface of the load-bearing rod 2. The lifting rod 7 and the hydraulic cylinder are connected by an oil seal. The force screw 8 rotates clockwise to apply force. The volume of the inner cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder decreases due to the extrusion force caused by the screwing in of the bolt, causing the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder to lift the lifting rod 7. Conversely, the force screw 8 rotates counterclockwise, and the lifting rod 7 will drop. In this embodiment, the mechanical hydraulic device is arranged in the middle of the supporting base plate 1 and the force screw 8 extends outward from the gap between the two limit vertical plates 4 located on the same side. The top end of the lifting rod 7 is connected to the bottom end surface of the middle part of the load-bearing rod 2. Specifically, as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the top of the lifting rod 7 is a hemispherical protrusion 19, and the bottom end surface of the load-bearing rod 2 is provided with a hemispherical groove 20. The hemispherical protrusion 19 and the hemispherical groove 20 are tightly combined and form a smooth transition, so that the load-bearing rod 2 can swing freely without obstacles. Figure 5 As shown, when processing a shaft part 21 with a taper, the contact surface of the support roller 3 is automatically adjusted according to the taper of the shaft part 21, that is, when the support roller 3 contacts the shaft part 21 to be processed, the horizontality of the support roller 3 can change with the change of the taper of the shaft part 21 to be processed.

[0025] After the hydraulic oil is injected into the mechanical hydraulic device, the lifting and lowering action of the lifting rod 7 can be realized by rotating the force screw 8. The main body material of the mechanical hydraulic device is copper alloy, and the force screw 8 and the lifting rod 7 are both made of bearing steel.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the middle section of the load-bearing rod 2 is wrapped with a square shell 12, and the left and right ends of the load-bearing rod 2 are coaxially fixed with a positioning indexing plate 10 for adjusting the angle and positioning the support arm 9, a pair of support arms 9 and a fastening sleeve 11 for preventing the support arm 9 from moving left and right. One end of the positioning indexing plate 10 is connected to the end face of the square shell 12, and the support arm 9 is located between the fastening sleeve 11 and the positioning indexing plate 10, and each pair of support arms 9 is arranged crosswise. The main function of the load-bearing rod 2 is to fix and bear the support arm 9 and the support roller 3. In this embodiment, the material of the load-bearing rod 2 is 45 steel.

[0027] The upper circumference of the positioning indexing plate 10 is evenly provided with 36 positioning holes 13, and the interval between adjacent positioning holes 13 is 10 degrees. In this embodiment, the material of the positioning indexing plate 10 is 45 steel.

[0028] Each support arm 9 is provided with a positioning pin hole, the distance from the center of the positioning pin hole to the axis of the load-bearing rod 2 is equal to the distance from the center of the positioning hole 13 to the axis of the load-bearing rod 2, the positioning pin hole and the positioning hole 13 are connected by a positioning pin 14, and the working range of the support roller 3 is adjusted by the cooperation of the positioning pin hole and the positioning hole 13, and it is ensured that the support arm 9 can rotate equidistantly during adjustment. In this embodiment, the material of the support arm 9 is 45 steel.

[0029] The fastening sleeve 11 is locked by bolts, and the main function of the fastening sleeve 11 is to fix the position of the support arm 9 to prevent the support arm 9 from moving left and right. In this embodiment, the material of the fastening sleeve 11 is aluminum alloy.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, two support rollers 3 are arranged side by side in front and back, and each support roller 3 includes a central axis 15 and a rubber outer layer 16 wrapped around the outside of the central axis 15, and steel balls 17 for shock absorption and buffering are evenly filled between the rubber outer layer 16 and the central axis 15; the left and right ends of the central axis 15 are respectively connected to the free ends of the support arms 9 located on the same side through sliding bearings 18, and the main function of the sliding bearings 18 is to ensure the smooth rotation of the support rollers 3 and to provide a certain shock absorption effect when the support rollers 3 are subjected to force and vibration. When working, the support rollers 3 completely fit the outer surface of the shaft parts 21 to be processed. The main function of the support rollers 3 is to support the shaft parts 21 that are in the process of four-axis processing, and transfer the vibration force applied by the tool to the shaft parts 21 to the rubber outer layer 16 and the steel balls 17 in the core. The steel balls 17 are squeezed and collided with each other inside, thereby offsetting the vibration influence from the outside, effectively ensuring the processing accuracy of the shaft parts 21, and reducing tool loss. In this embodiment, the material of the rubber outer layer 16 is hydrogenated nitrile rubber, and the material of the central shaft 15 is H13 steel.

[0031] like Figure 5As shown, the present invention supports the shaft parts 21 through two support rollers 3 and the structural design of the support rollers 3 is beneficial to increase the rigidity of the shaft parts 21 and avoid the tool chattering phenomenon during processing, increase the service life of the milling tool, save 50% of the processing cost, and achieve a finished product rate of more than 99% for shaft parts 21 with poor rigidity after four-axis processing, saving rework time.

[0032] In addition, the present invention realizes the adjustment of the support angle of the support arm 9 and the height of the load-bearing rod 2 according to the change of the diameter of the shaft part 21 through the cooperation between the mechanical hydraulic device and the load-bearing rod 2 and the cooperation between the positioning pin hole of the support arm 9 and the positioning hole 13 of the positioning indexing plate 10. Since the lifting rod 7 of the mechanical hydraulic device forms a tight and smooth fit with the load-bearing rod 2, it is beneficial to automatically adjust the contact surface of the support roller 3 when processing the tapered shaft part 21. In summary, the present invention can be applied to the processing of shaft parts 21 with multiple specifications of outer diameter sizes.

[0033] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-vibration device for four-axis machining of shaft parts, characterized in that: It comprises a supporting base plate (1), a mechanical hydraulic device, a load-bearing rod (2) and two supporting rollers (3), wherein a plurality of limiting vertical plates (4) are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the supporting base plate (1), a limiting channel for limiting the load-bearing rod (2) is formed between the limiting vertical plates (4) located on the front side of the supporting base plate (1) and the limiting vertical plates (4) located on the rear side of the supporting base plate (1), and the left and right ends of the supporting base plate (1) are both connected to travel baffles (5), and the travel baffles (5) are provided with limiting openings (6); The mechanical hydraulic device is arranged on the supporting base plate (1), and comprises a lifting rod (7), a hydraulic cylinder and a force screw (8), the top end of the lifting rod (7) is connected to the bottom end surface of the load-bearing rod (2), the load-bearing rod (2) passes through the limiting channel and the end of the load-bearing rod (2) is located in the limiting opening (6); The top end of the lifting rod (7) is in the form of a hemispherical protrusion (19), and the bottom end surface of the load-bearing rod (2) is provided with a hemispherical groove (20), and the hemispherical protrusion (19) is matched with the hemispherical groove (20); The lifting rod (7) and the hydraulic cylinder are connected by an oil seal, and the force-adding screw (8) rotates clockwise to add force, so that the volume of the inner cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder decreases due to the extrusion force caused by the screwing in of the bolt, prompting the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder to lift the lifting rod (7); A positioning indexing plate (10), a pair of support arms (9) and a fastening sleeve (11) for preventing the support arms (9) from moving left and right are coaxially fixed to the left and right ends of the load-bearing rod (2) in sequence, the support arms (9) being located between the fastening sleeve (11) and the positioning indexing plate (10), and each pair of support arms (9) being arranged crosswise with each other; A plurality of positioning holes (13) are evenly arranged on the circumference of the positioning indexing plate (10), and each of the support arms (9) is provided with a positioning pin hole, wherein the positioning pin hole and the positioning hole (13) are connected via a positioning pin (14); The two support rollers (3) are arranged side by side in a front-to-back manner, and the support roller (3) comprises a central axis (15) and a rubber outer layer (16) wrapped around the outside of the central axis (15), and steel balls (17) for shock absorption and buffering are filled between the rubber outer layer (16) and the central axis (15), and the left and right ends of the central axis (15) are respectively connected to the free ends of the support arms (9) located on the same side; When machining a shaft part (21) with a taper, the contact surface of the support roller (3) is automatically adjusted according to the taper of the shaft part (21), that is, when the support roller (3) contacts the shaft part (21) to be machined, the horizontality of the support roller (3) changes as the taper of the shaft part (21) to be machined changes.

2. The anti-vibration device for four-axis machining of shaft parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are 36 positioning holes (13) on the positioning indexing plate (10), and the interval between adjacent positioning holes (13) is 10 degrees; the distance from the center of the positioning pin hole to the axis of the load-bearing rod (2) is equal to the distance from the center of the positioning hole (13) to the axis of the load-bearing rod (2).

3. The anti-vibration device for four-axis machining of shaft parts according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The left and right ends of the central shaft (15) are respectively connected to the free ends of the support arms (9) located on the same side via sliding bearings (18).

4. The anti-vibration device for four-axis machining of shaft parts according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A square outer shell (12) is provided in the middle section of the load-bearing rod (2), and one end of the positioning indexing plate (10) is connected to the end surface of the square outer shell (12).

5. The anti-vibration device for four-axis machining of shaft parts according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The hemispherical groove (20) is arranged in the middle of the bottom end surface of the square outer shell (12) of the load-bearing rod (2).

6. The anti-vibration device for four-axis machining of shaft parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are four limit vertical plates (4), and the four limit vertical plates (4) are located in pairs on the front and rear sides of the supporting base plate (1), and the gap between the front side wall and the rear side wall of the load-bearing rod (2) and the inner side wall of the limit vertical plate (4) on the same side is 0.1 mm.

7. The anti-vibration device for four-axis machining of shaft parts according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The material of the rubber outer layer (16) is hydrogenated nitrile rubber.

8. The anti-vibration device for four-axis machining of shaft parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The limiting opening (6) is U-shaped, and the gap between the load-bearing rod (2) and the inner side wall of the limiting opening (6) is 0.1 mm.

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