A device and method for sampling and detecting a highway pavement

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for sampling and detecting a highway pavement. The device and method comprise a supporting base, a worm, a motor, a lifting seat, a driving box, a connecting platform and a sampling mechanism. The motor is supported on the top of the supporting base by a bracket in front of the upper end face. The core sample fills the inside of the drill bit. The top of the core sample presses upward against the elastic pressure rod at the bottom of the top plate. At this time, the elastic pressure rod pushes the hinge block upward. Under the positioning connection of the positioning shaft, the lower end of the side clamp plate is offset inward to clamp the outer side of the top of the core sample. After coring, the drill bit moves upward to carry the core sample and move it out together. The core sample can be directly moved out of the sampling hole, thereby improving the convenience of coring. The vibration is transmitted to the vibration ring through the conduction plate and the conduction rod to vibrate the connection between the bottom of the core sample drilled in the drill bit and the highway subgrade, thereby causing the connection between the bottom of the core sample and the highway subgrade to break and separate. This will prevent the core sample from breaking itself and improve the integrity of the core sample after it is taken out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of highway quality detection, and more specifically, to a device and method for highway pavement sampling detection. Background Art

[0002] In order to ensure that the quality of the highway project meets the engineering standards, it is necessary to use a highway pavement sampling and testing device to take cores from the highway subgrade surface. According to the highway section to be tested, a suitable sampling location is selected, and the highway subgrade at the sampling location is drilled by the drill on the sampling and testing device to obtain a highway subgrade core sample. The quality standard of the highway subgrade core sample is tested to ensure the quality of the project.

[0003] However, the existing highway pavement sampling and testing devices have the following shortcomings: after the drill rig on the highway pavement sampling and testing device drills the highway roadbed, the bottom of the drill core sample is still connected to the inside of the highway roadbed, and an external hammer is needed to knock the top of the drill bit to transmit the vibration to the bottom of the core sample, so that the bottom of the core sample is separated from the highway roadbed. During the knocking process, the core sample is vibrated as a whole, which makes the core sample itself easy to break, reducing the integrity of the core sample after it is taken out, and the core sample is stuck in the drill bit after coring. After the drill bit is moved out from the inside of the highway roadbed, it still needs to contact the seesaw or fall off from the inside of the drill bit due to the gravity of the core sample itself, reducing the convenience of the core sample removal process. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to achieve the technical purpose is: a device for sampling and detecting a road surface, the structure of which includes a support base, a worm, a motor, a lifting seat, a drive box, a connecting platform, and a sampling mechanism, the motor is supported on the top of the support base by a bracket in front of the upper end face, and the upper end of the worm rotates synchronously with the output end of the motor, the lower end of the worm is located in front of the upper end face of the support base, the worm runs through the inside of the lifting seat and is threadedly connected, the lifting seat and the connecting platform are driven by the worm to lift, the front end of the lifting seat is connected to the top of the sampling drill on the sampling mechanism, the transmission belt driven by the motor on the drive box drives the pulley shaft arranged on the top of the drill bit on the sampling drill to rotate, and the lower end of the drill bit is passed through the inside of the stabilizing mechanism by a clearance fit, the upper end of the drill bit is also provided with a micro vibration motor, the micro vibration motor is connected to the conduction rod through a conduction plate, and a vibration ring is provided at the bottom of the conduction rod, the vibration ring is located at the bottom of the drill bit, the vibration generated by the micro vibration motor is transmitted to the vibration ring through the conduction plate and the conduction rod to vibrate the connection between the bottom of the core sample drilled in the drill bit and the roadbed;

[0005] The sampling drill is also provided with an extrusion mechanism, and the two sides of the top plate on the extrusion mechanism are connected to the clamping slot plate through compression springs, and the clamping slot plate is vertically slidably installed inside the groove at the edge of the drill bit. The top plate is located inside the drill bit, and a guide center column is provided at the middle end of the drill bit. The guide center column is matched to vertically penetrate the center of the top plate to guide the lifting of the top plate inside the drill bit;

[0006] The edge of the top plate is connected to the side clamp plate axis through a positioning axis, and an elastic guide column is installed inside the upper end of the side clamp plate. The hinge block is elastically guided by the elastic guide column. The hinge block is hinged to the top of the elastic pressure rod, and the elastic pressure rod is passed through the inside of the edge of the top plate with a clearance fit.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the stabilizing mechanism is also provided with a clamp, the outer end of the connecting rod on the clamp is connected to the upper support shaft on the buffer mechanism, and the inner end of the connecting rod is provided with a sliding shaft, the sliding shaft is slidably installed on the upper end of the arc-shaped elastic rod, and the arc-shaped elastic rod is embedded in the edge of the clamping plate arranged on the clamp, and a ball is also provided on the inner side of the clamping plate to assist the clamping plate in clamping the drill bit to ensure smooth rotation of the drill bit.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, a pushing block is also provided on the clamping plate, which is connected to the locking rod. The locking rod is slidably installed in the center position inside the clamping plate. By pushing the pushing block inward, the locking rod can be driven to extend inward from the center position inside the clamping plate, and be inserted into the positioning groove plate on the drill bit, thereby locking the top plate inside the drill bit at the same height as the clamp.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the outer end of the connecting rod is connected to the buffer mechanism, supporting the clamp directly above the supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism is mounted inside the front end of the supporting base through a mounting block arranged on the edge, and the mounting block is arranged on the outside of the positioning ring, the positioning ring is located directly below the clamp, and an electric rotating shaft is installed at the rear end of the positioning ring, which drives the swing plate to rotate at the lower end inside the positioning ring.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the buffer mechanism is provided with a lower support, a telescopic rod, an upper support, a spring upright and a positioning slide plate. The lower support is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the positioning ring, the lower end of the telescopic rod is passed through the interior of the lower support by a clearance fit, and the top of the telescopic rod is welded to the bottom of the upper support, the upper support is hinged to the outer end of the connecting rod, the outer side of the lower support is fixed to the lower end of the spring upright, and the upper end of the spring upright is passed through the interior of the positioning slide plate on the outer side of the upper support by a clearance fit.

[0011] A working method for a highway pavement sampling and detection device, the use method comprising the following specific steps:

[0012] S1: When sampling, the motor drives the transmission belt to rotate the drill bit, and the motor drives the worm to drive the lifting seat and the connecting platform to descend, so that the drive box and the drill bit are lowered, and the drill bit is inserted into the stabilizing mechanism to drill under the road surface to achieve coring;

[0013] S2: During the coring process, after the core sample fills the inside of the drill bit, the drill bit stops rotating and starts to generate vibration by starting the micro vibration motor. The vibration is transmitted to the vibration ring through the conduction plate and the conduction rod to vibrate the connection between the bottom of the core sample drilled inside the drill bit and the roadbed, so that the connection between the bottom of the core sample and the roadbed is broken and separated;

[0014] S3: The rotating drill bit keeps moving downward, and the top of the core sample presses upward against the top plate. When the top plate moves to the top of the drill bit, the top of the core sample continues to push against the elastic pressure rod. Under the articulation elastic adjustment of the articulation block and the elastic pressure rod, the upper end of the side clamping plate is pushed to deviate outward. Under the positioning connection of the positioning shaft, the lower end of the side clamping plate is deviated inward to clamp the outer side of the top of the core sample.

[0015] S4: After coring, the drill bit is reset and moves upward. When the drill bit rises to the same level as the locking rod, the locking rod is extended inward from the center of the clamping plate by pushing the thrust block inward, and is clamped into the inside of the locking rod on the drill bit, locking the top plate inside the drill bit at the same height as the clamp. The drill bit continues to move upward, while the top plate remains at the same height as the clamp, and the top plate can be relatively pressed downward on the top of the core sample inside the drill bit that continues to move upward, so that the core sample is pushed out from the drill bit.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. When the drill bit descends to the deepest point, the core sample fills the inside of the drill bit, and the top of the core sample presses upward against the elastic pressure rod at the bottom of the top plate. At this time, the elastic pressure rod pushes the hinge block upward, and under the connection of the elastic guide column, the upper end of the side clamp is pushed to deviate outward, and under the positioning connection of the positioning shaft, the lower end of the side clamp is deviated inward to clamp the outer side of the top of the core sample, and the core sample is firmly clamped inside the drill bit, so that after coring, the drill bit moves upward to carry the core sample out together, and the core sample can be directly moved out of the sampling hole, which improves the convenience of coring;

[0018] 2. Vibration is generated by starting the micro vibration motor, and the vibration is transmitted to the vibration ring through the conduction plate and the conduction rod to vibrate the connection between the bottom of the core sample drilled inside the drill bit and the roadbed, so that the connection between the bottom of the core sample and the roadbed is broken and separated, and the vibration is directly transmitted to the connection between the bottom of the core sample and the roadbed, ensuring that the connection between the bottom of the core sample and the roadbed is broken, avoiding the core sample itself from breaking, and improving the integrity of the core sample after it is taken out;

[0019] 3. When the bottom of the core sample is separated from the inside of the highway roadbed hole, the drill bit is reset upward and moved out of the hole with the core sample. When the drill bit rises to the same level as the locking rod on the card slot plate, the locking rod can be driven to extend inward from the center of the clamping plate by pushing the push block inward, and the locking rod is inserted into the card slot plate on the drill bit, so that the top plate inside the drill bit is locked at the same height as the clamp. The top plate remains at the same height as the clamp and does not move. The top plate can relatively press down the top of the core sample inside the drill bit that continues to move upward, and push the core sample out of the drill bit, thereby improving the convenience of taking out the core sample from the drill bit.

[0020] 4. After coring, the bottom of the drill bit moves up to the same horizontal position as the swing plate, and the swing plate is driven by the electric shaft to reset to the same axis as the positioning ring, and the inside of the positioning ring is closed to ensure that after the core sample is taken out from the inside of the drill bit, the bottom of the core sample is supported by the swing plate to prevent the core sample from falling into the sampling hole again, thereby improving the convenience of core sample removal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a device and method for sampling and detecting a highway pavement.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sampling drill of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drill bit of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the working state structure of the extrusion mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the stabilizing mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the clamp of the present invention from a top view.

[0027] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at A.

[0028] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the working state structure of the carrying mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional adjustment structure of the buffer mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: support base-1, worm-2, motor-3, lifting seat-4, drive box-5, motor-51, transmission belt-52, connecting platform-6, sampling mechanism-7, stabilizing mechanism-71, sampling drill-72, drill bit-721, micro vibration motor-7211, conduction plate-7212, conduction rod-7213, vibration ring-7214, extrusion mechanism-722, top plate-7221, elastic pressure rod-7222, hinge block-7223, elastic guide column-7224, positioning shaft-7225, side clamping plate-7226, clamping slot plate-723, compression spring -724, guide center column -725, pulley shaft -726, clamp -711, connecting rod -7111, sliding shaft -7112, arc spring rod -7113, clamping plate -7114, pushing block -1141, locking rod -1142, ball -7115, bearing mechanism -712, mounting block -7121, positioning ring -7122, swing plate -7123, electric rotating shaft -7124, buffer mechanism -713, lower support -7131, telescopic rod -7132, upper support -7133, spring upright -7134, positioning slide plate -7135. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: Example 1

[0032] As attached Figure 1 To Attachment Figure 4 As shown:

[0033] The present invention discloses a device for sampling and detecting a road surface, which comprises a supporting base 1, a worm 2, a motor 3, a lifting seat 4, a driving box 5, a connecting platform 6, and a sampling mechanism 7. The motor 3 is supported on the top of the supporting base 1 by a bracket in front of the upper end face thereof, and the upper end of the worm 2 rotates synchronously with the output end of the motor 3. The lower end of the worm 2 is located in front of the upper end face of the supporting base 1. The worm 2 passes through the interior of the lifting seat 4 and is threadedly connected. The lifting seat 4 and the connecting platform 6 are driven to rise and fall by the worm 2. The front end of the lifting seat 4 is connected to the top of a sampling drill 72 on the sampling mechanism 7. The transmission belt 52 is driven by a motor 51 on the driving box 5 to drive the sampling The pulley shaft 726 arranged on the top of the drill bit 721 on the drilling machine 72 rotates, and the lower end of the drill bit 721 is inserted into the interior of the stabilizing mechanism 71 by a clearance fit, and a micro vibration motor 7211 is also arranged at the upper end of the interior of the drill bit 721. The micro vibration motor 7211 is connected to the conduction rod 7213 through a conduction plate 7212, and a vibration ring 7214 is arranged at the bottom of the conduction rod 7213. The vibration ring 7214 is located at the bottom of the drill bit 721, and the vibration generated by the micro vibration motor 7211 is transmitted to the vibration ring 7214 through the conduction plate 7212 and the conduction rod 7213 to vibrate the connection between the bottom of the core sample drilled in the drill bit 721 and the roadbed;

[0034] The sampling drill 72 is also provided with a squeezing mechanism 722. Both sides of the top plate 7221 on the squeezing mechanism 722 are connected to the clamping slot plate 723 through compression springs 724. The clamping slot plate 723 is vertically slidably installed in the groove at the edge of the drill bit 721. The top plate 7221 is located inside the drill bit 721. A guide center column 725 is provided at the middle end of the drill bit 721. The guide center column 725 is matched to vertically penetrate the center of the top plate 7221 to guide the lifting of the top plate 7221 inside the drill bit 721.

[0035] The edge of the top plate 7221 is connected to the side clamp plate 7226 axis through a positioning shaft 7225, and an elastic guide column 7224 is installed inside the upper end of the side clamp plate 7226. The hinge block 7223 is elastically guided by the elastic guide column 7224. The hinge block 7223 is hinged to the top of the elastic pressure rod 7222, and the elastic pressure rod 7222 is passed through the edge of the top plate 7221 with a clearance fit.

[0036] The specific usage and function of this embodiment are as follows:

[0037] In the present invention, the support base 1 is moved and placed on the road section where coring is required, and then the motor 51 inside the drive box 5 is started to drive the transmission belt 52 to transmit so that the drill bit 721 rotates, and at the same time, the motor 3 drives the worm 2 to drive the lifting seat 4 and the connecting platform 6 to descend, so that the drive box 5 and the drill bit 721 are lowered, and the drill bit 721 extends into the interior of the stabilizing mechanism 71 to drill under the road surface to achieve the coring work. During the coring process, the drill bit 721 continuously moves downward The top of the core sample continuously pushes the top plate 7221 inside the drill bit 721 upwards, and at this time, the positioning slot plate 723 moves along the groove on the edge of the drill bit 721, and under the vertical guidance of the guide middle column 725, the top plate 7221 vertically rises inside the drill bit 721. When the drill bit 721 descends to the deepest point, the core sample fills the inside of the drill bit 721, and the top of the core sample presses the elastic pressure rod 7222 at the bottom of the top plate 7221 upwards, and at this time, the elastic pressure rod 7222 presses the hinge block 72 23 pushes upward, and under the connection of the elastic guide column 7224, the upper end of the side clamping plate 7226 is pushed to deviate outward, and under the positioning connection of the positioning shaft 7225, the lower end of the side clamping plate 7226 is deviated inward to clamp the outer side of the top of the core sample, so that the core sample is firmly clamped inside the drill bit 721, so that after coring, the drill bit 721 can move upward to carry the core sample out together, and can directly move the core sample out of the sampling hole, thereby improving the convenience of coring, and then the drill bit 721 stops rotating. The drill bit 721 works by starting the micro vibration motor 7211 to generate vibration, and transmits the vibration to the vibration ring 7214 through the conduction plate 7212 and the conduction rod 7213 to vibrate the connection between the bottom of the core sample drilled inside the drill bit 721 and the highway subgrade, so that the connection between the bottom of the core sample and the highway subgrade is broken and separated, and the vibration is directly transmitted to the connection between the bottom of the core sample and the highway subgrade, ensuring that the connection between the bottom of the core sample and the highway subgrade is broken, avoiding the breakage of the core sample itself, and improving the integrity of the core sample after it is taken out. Example 2

[0038] As attached Figure 5 To Attachment Fig. 9 As shown:

[0039] Among them, the stabilizing mechanism 71 is also provided with a clamp 711, the outer end of the connecting rod 7111 on the clamp 711 is axially connected to the upper support 7133 on the buffer mechanism 713, and the inner end of the connecting rod 7111 is provided with a sliding shaft 7112, the sliding shaft 7112 is slidably installed on the upper end of the arc-shaped elastic rod 7113, and the arc-shaped elastic rod 7113 is embedded in the edge of the clamping plate 7114 set on the clamp 711, and the inner side of the clamping plate 7114 is also provided with a ball 7115 to assist the clamping plate 7114 in clamping the drill bit 721. The drill bit 721 rotates smoothly.

[0040] Among them, the clamping plate 7114 is also provided with a pushing block 1141, which is connected to the locking rod 1142. The locking rod 1142 is slidably installed in the center position inside the clamping plate 7114. By pushing the pushing block 1141 inward, the locking rod 1142 can be extended inward from the center position inside the clamping plate 7114, and inserted into the positioning groove plate 723 on the drill bit 721, so as to lock the top plate 7221 inside the drill bit 721 at the same height as the clamper 711.

[0041] The outer end of the linkage rod 7111 is connected to the buffer mechanism 713, supporting the clamp 711 directly above the bearing mechanism 712, and the bearing mechanism 712 is mounted inside the front end of the support base 1 through the mounting block 7121 arranged on the edge, and the mounting block 7121 is arranged on the outer side of the positioning ring 7122, the positioning ring 7122 is located directly below the clamp 711, and the rear end of the positioning ring 7122 is installed with an electric shaft 7124, and the swing plate 7123 is driven to rotate at the lower end inside the positioning ring 7122 through the electric shaft 7124;

[0042] When the swing plate 7123 rotates to the outside of the rear side of the positioning ring 7122, the interior of the positioning ring 7122 is in a conductive state, ensuring that the drill bit 721 can drill downward through the positioning ring 7122. After coring, the bottom of the drill bit 721 moves up to the same horizontal position as the swing plate 7123, and is reset to the same axis as the positioning ring 7122 through the swing plate 7123, and the interior of the positioning ring 7122 is closed, ensuring that after the core sample is taken out from the drill bit 721, the bottom of the core sample is supported by the swing plate 7123 to prevent the core sample from falling into the sampling hole again.

[0043] The buffer mechanism 713 is provided with a lower support 7131, a telescopic rod 7132, an upper support 7133, a spring upright rod 7134, and a positioning slide plate 7135. The lower support 7131 is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the positioning ring 7122. The lower end of the telescopic rod 7132 is inserted into the lower support 7131 by a clearance fit, and the top of the telescopic rod 7132 is welded to the bottom of the upper support 7133. The upper support 7133 is hinged to the outer end of the linkage rod 7111. The outer side of the lower support 7131 is fixed to the lower end of the spring upright rod 7134, and the upper end of the spring upright rod 7134 is inserted into the positioning slide plate 7135 on the outer side of the upper support 7133 by a clearance fit.

[0044] The lower support 7131, telescopic rod 7132 and upper support 7133 are guided for vertical elastic lifting through the spring vertical rod 7134, ensuring that the clamp 711 connected to the upper support 7133 can be elastically lifted and lowered by the force of the lifting seat 4 driving the drill bit 721 to lift and lower the drill bit 721 during sampling and lifting.

[0045] The specific usage and function of this embodiment are as follows:

[0046] In the present invention, while coring, the drill bit 721 rotates and descends, and the outer surface of the drill bit 721 is contacted and clamped by the clamping plates 7114 on both sides. During the contact process, the sliding shaft 7112 slides on the arc-shaped elastic rod 7113, so that the linkage rod 7111 is linked to ensure that the clamping plate 7114 can stably contact and clamp the drill bit 721, and the ball 7115 assists the clamping plate 7114 to clamp the drill bit 721 to ensure the smoothness of the rotation of the drill bit 721. At the same time, the swing plate 7123 inside the positioning ring 7122 rotates backward, and the positioning ring 71 The interior of 22 is in a conducting state, ensuring that the drill bit 721 can drill downward through the positioning ring 7122. During the downward drilling process, the lower support 7131, the telescopic rod 7132 and the upper support 7133 are vertically elastically lifted and guided by the spring upright rod 7134, ensuring that the clamp 711 connected to the upper support 7133 can be elastically lifted and lowered by the force of the lifting seat 4 driving the drill bit 721 to lift and lower the drill bit 721 during the sampling and lifting process, ensuring that the drill bit 721 can normally descend during the contact and clamping of the clamping plate 7114 on the outer surface of the drill bit 721;

[0047] When the bottom of the core sample is separated from the inside of the highway roadbed hole, the drill bit 721 is reset and moved upward to carry the core sample out of the hole. When the drill bit 721 rises to the level where the locking slot plate 723 and the locking rod 1142 are at the same level, the locking rod 1142 can be driven inward by pushing the push block 1141 to extend inward from the center position inside the clamping plate 7114 and snap into the inside of the locking slot plate 723 on the drill bit 721, locking the top plate 7221 inside the drill bit 721 at the same height as the clamp 711. The drill bit 721 continues to move upward, while the top plate 7221 remains at the same height as the clamp 711. The top plate 7221 can relatively press down the top of the core sample inside the drill bit 721 which continues to move upward, and push the core sample out of the drill bit 721, thereby improving the convenience of taking out the core sample from the drill bit 721. At the same time, after coring, the bottom of the drill bit 721 moves up to the same horizontal position as the swing plate 7123, and the swing plate 7123 is driven by the electric shaft 7124 to be reset to the same axis as the positioning ring 7122, and the inside of the positioning ring 7122 is closed, ensuring that after the core sample is taken out from the drill bit 721, the bottom of the core sample is supported by the swing plate 7123 to prevent the core sample from falling into the sampling hole again, thereby improving the convenience of taking out the core sample.

[0048] Utilizing the technical solution of the present invention, or those skilled in the art designing similar technical solutions inspired by the technical solution of the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A road surface sampling and testing device, comprising a support base (1), a worm (2), a motor (3), a lifting seat (4), a drive box (5), a connecting platform (6), and a sampling mechanism (7), wherein the motor (3) is supported on the top of the support base (1) by a bracket in front of the upper end face thereof, and the upper end of the worm (2) rotates synchronously with the output end of the motor (3), the lower end of the worm (2) is located in front of the upper end face of the support base (1), the worm (2) passes through the interior of the lifting seat (4) and is threadedly connected, the lifting seat (4) and the connecting platform (6) are driven by the worm (2) to be lifted and lowered, the front end of the lifting seat (4) is connected to the top of a sampling drill (72) on the sampling mechanism (7), the transmission belt (52) is driven by the motor (51) on the drive box (5) to drive the pulley shaft (726) arranged on the top of the drill bit (721) on the sampling drill (72) to rotate, and the lower end of the drill bit (721) passes through the interior of the stabilizing mechanism (71) by a clearance fit, and the characteristics are as follows: The upper end of the drill bit (721) is also provided with a micro vibration motor (7211), which is connected to a conduction rod (7213) via a conduction plate (7212), and a vibration ring (7214) is provided at the bottom of the conduction rod (7213). The vibration ring (7214) is located at the bottom of the drill bit (721), and the vibration generated by the micro vibration motor (7211) is transmitted to the vibration ring (7214) via the conduction plate (7212) and the conduction rod (7213), thereby vibrating the connection between the bottom of the core sample drilled inside the drill bit (721) and the roadbed; The sampling drill (72) is further provided with a squeezing mechanism (722), and both sides of the top plate (7221) on the squeezing mechanism (722) are connected to the positioning slot plate (723) via compression springs (724), and the positioning slot plate (723) is vertically slidably installed inside the groove at the edge of the drill bit (721), and the top plate (7221) is located inside the drill bit (721), and a guide center column (725) is provided at the middle end inside the drill bit (721), and the guide center column (725) is matched to vertically penetrate the center inside the top plate (7221) to guide the top plate (7221) to rise and fall inside the drill bit (721); The edge of the top plate (7221) is connected to the side clamping plate (7226) axis via a positioning shaft (7225), and an elastic guide column (7224) is installed inside the upper end of the side clamping plate (7226), and the hinge block (7223) is elastically guided by the elastic guide column (7224), and the hinge block (7223) is hinged to the top of the elastic pressure rod (7222), and the elastic pressure rod (7222) is inserted into the edge of the top plate (7221) by a clearance fit; The stabilizing mechanism (71) is further provided with a clamp (711), the outer end of a linkage rod (7111) on the clamp (711) being axially connected to an upper support (7133) on the buffer mechanism (713), and the inner end of the linkage rod (7111) being provided with a sliding shaft (7112), the sliding shaft (7112 being slidably mounted on the upper end of an arc-shaped elastic rod (7113), and the arc-shaped elastic rod (7113) being embedded inside an edge of a clamping plate (7114) provided on the clamp (711), and a ball (7115) being further provided inside the clamping plate (7114) to assist the clamping plate (7114) in clamping the drill bit (721) to ensure smooth rotation of the drill bit (721); The clamping plate (7114) is further provided with a push block (1141), the push block (1141) being connected to a locking rod (1142), the locking rod (1142) being slidably mounted at a central position inside the clamping plate (7114), and by pushing the push block (1141) inwardly, the locking rod (1142) can be driven to extend inwardly from the central position inside the clamping plate (7114), and be inserted into a locking groove plate (723) provided on the drill bit (721), thereby locking a top plate (7221) inside the drill bit (721) at the same height as the clamp (711).

2. A road surface sampling and detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the connecting rod (7111) is connected to the buffer mechanism (713), supporting the clamp (711) directly above the bearing mechanism (712), and the bearing mechanism (712) is mounted inside the front end of the support base (1) by means of a mounting block (7121) arranged at the edge, and the mounting block (7121) is arranged outside the positioning ring (7122), the positioning ring (7122) is located directly below the clamp (711), and an electric rotating shaft (7124) is installed at the rear end of the positioning ring (7122), and the swing plate (7123) is driven to rotate at the lower end inside the positioning ring (7122) by the electric rotating shaft (7124).

3. A road surface sampling and detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer mechanism (713) is provided with a lower support (7131), a telescopic rod (7132), an upper support (7133), a spring upright rod (7134), and a positioning slide plate (7135); the lower support (7131) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the positioning ring (7122); the lower end of the telescopic rod (7132) is inserted into the lower support (7131) by means of a clearance fit, and the top of the telescopic rod (7132) is welded to the bottom of the upper support (7133); the upper support (7133) is hinged to the outer end of the linkage rod (7111); the outer side of the lower support (7131) is fixed to the lower end of the spring upright rod (7134), and the upper end of the spring upright rod (7134) is inserted into the positioning slide plate (7135) on the outer side of the upper support (7133) by means of a clearance fit.

4. A working method for a road surface sampling and detection device, applied to the road surface sampling and detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The usage includes the following specific steps: S1: When sampling, the motor (51) drives the transmission belt (52) to rotate the drill bit (721), and the motor (3) drives the worm (2) to drive the lifting seat (4) and the connecting platform (6) to descend, so that the drive box (5) and the drill bit (721) are lowered, and the drill bit (721) is inserted into the interior of the stabilizing mechanism (71) to drill under the road surface, thereby achieving coring; S2: During the coring process, the rotating drill bit (721) continuously moves downward, and the top of the core sample presses upward against the top plate (7221). When the top plate (7221) moves upward to the top of the drill bit (721), the top of the core sample continues to push against the elastic pressure rod (7222). Under the articulated elastic adjustment of the articulated block (7223) and the elastic pressure rod (7222), the upper end of the side clamping plate (7226) is pushed to deflect outward. Under the positioning connection of the positioning shaft (7225), the lower end of the side clamping plate (7226) is deflected inward to clamp the outer side of the top of the core sample. S3: After the core sample fills the inside of the drill bit (721), the drill bit (721) stops rotating, and the micro vibration motor (7211) is started to generate vibration, and the vibration is transmitted to the vibration ring (7214) through the conduction plate (7212) and the conduction rod (7213) to vibrate the connection between the bottom of the core sample drilled inside the drill bit (721) and the roadbed, so that the connection between the bottom of the core sample and the roadbed is broken and separated; S4: After coring, the drill bit (721) is reset and moves upward. When the drill bit (721) rises to the same level as the locking rod (1142) and the positioning slot plate (723), the locking rod (1142) is driven inwardly by the pushing block (1141) to extend inwardly from the center position inside the clamping plate (7114) and engage in the positioning slot plate (723) on the drill bit (721), thereby locking the top plate (7221) inside the drill bit (721) at the same height as the clamp (711). The drill bit (721) continues to move upward, while the top plate (7221) remains at the same height as the clamp (711) and does not move. The top plate (7221) can relatively press down the top of the core sample inside the drill bit (721) that continues to move upward, thereby pushing the core sample out of the drill bit (721).

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