Energy storage device and housing structure thereof

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application discloses an energy storage device and its shell structure. The shell structure of the energy storage device includes a shell assembly provided with a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity arranged in sequence along a first direction, a connecting plate that can be enclosed to form a mounting groove connected between the first cavity and the second cavity, a porous plate, a first gas drive unit and a second gas drive unit. The first direction is also the axial direction of the battery cell. The bottom and the top of the battery cell are arranged in sequence along the first direction. There is a first airflow channel that runs through the battery pack along the first direction between adjacent battery cells. After the battery pack covers the mounting groove, it can separate the first cavity and the second cavity with the connecting plate. The gas can only flow from the bottom to the top of the multiple battery cells in parallel through multiple first airflow channels to take away the heat of the battery cells. Each battery cell can be subjected to uniform wind force. The entire battery pack not only has better cooling performance, but also can dissipate heat evenly and can take away the heat of the mainboard installed in the third cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage device and a housing structure thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technologies, the application demand for energy storage equipment is also gradually increasing. Lithium battery energy storage has the advantages of environmental friendliness, high specific energy and good cycle characteristics, and occupies a dominant position in electrochemical energy storage. With the increase of battery capacity and power density of energy storage equipment, energy storage equipment will generate a lot of heat during charging and discharging. The thermal safety and thermal life of lithium batteries restrict the development of energy storage equipment.

[0003] In order to meet the required capacity and voltage, multiple battery cells are grouped in series and parallel to form a battery pack. In order to protect the battery pack, the battery pack is often installed in the cavity of the shell structure. With the development of battery technology, the trend of miniaturization of battery packs is becoming more and more obvious, and the energy density is getting higher and higher. When it is working, the heat generated by the battery cell will heat the entire cavity and accumulate inside the shell structure, and then slowly transfer the heat to the outside through natural heat dissipation. The heat dissipation time is long and the efficiency is low, which often cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements of the battery cell. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides a housing structure of an energy storage device, including:

[0005] A housing component is provided with a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity which are sequentially arranged along a first direction, and first air inlets and air outlets are respectively arranged on two sides of the housing component which are oppositely arranged along the second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, the first air inlet is communicated with the first cavity, the air outlet is communicated with the third cavity, the second cavity is configured to have a space for installing a battery pack, wherein the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, the bottom and the top of each battery cell are sequentially arranged along the first direction, and a first air flow channel which penetrates the battery pack along the first direction is provided between adjacent battery cells, and the third cavity is configured to have a space for installing a mainboard;

[0006] A connecting plate, the circumferential outer side of the connecting plate is arranged on the housing assembly, the connecting plate is located between the first cavity and the second cavity, the connecting plate can be combined to form a mounting groove communicating between the first cavity and the second cavity, the mounting groove can be covered by the battery pack, so that the connecting plate and the battery pack can separate the first cavity from the second cavity;

[0007] A porous plate, installed on the housing assembly and located between the second cavity and the third cavity, the porous plate being provided with a plurality of through holes communicating between the second cavity and the third cavity;

[0008] a first gas driving unit, mounted on the housing assembly, configured to drive cooling gas to be discharged from the first air inlet into the first cavity and to flow relative to the first cavity along the second direction; and

[0009] A second gas driving unit is installed on the housing assembly and is configured to drive the gas in the third cavity to flow along the second direction relative to the third cavity and be discharged from the gas outlet.

[0010] In some embodiments of the shell structure of the energy storage device, the shell assembly is further provided with a second air inlet, the second air inlet is connected to the third cavity, and the air outlet and the second air inlet are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction.

[0011] In some embodiments of the housing structure of the energy storage device, the housing structure of the energy storage device further comprises a connecting member, the connecting member is connected to the housing assembly and / or the porous plate, and is configured to space the porous plate and the main board along the first direction;

[0012] The shell structure of the energy storage device also includes an enclosure, which is configured to be arranged between the porous plate and the main board, and is arranged around the main board along the circumferential outer side of the main board, and can be enclosed with the porous plate and the main board to form a flow space, and the flow space has an opening arranged opposite to the air outlet along the second direction.

[0013] In some embodiments of the shell structure of the energy storage device, the orthographic projection of the enclosing member on the porous plate is located outside the circumference of the region where the through holes are opened in the porous plate.

[0014] In some embodiments of the shell structure of the energy storage device, the shell structure of the energy storage device also includes a plurality of support plates, which are installed in the first cavity and supported between the outer shell assembly and the connecting plate. The plurality of support plates can extend along the second direction, and the plurality of support plates can be spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and form a second air flow channel between adjacent support plates, the second air flow channel is connected to the first air inlet, and the first gas drive unit is further configured to drive cooling gas to be discharged from the first air inlet into the second air flow channel.

[0015] In some embodiments of the shell structure of the energy storage device, the connecting plate includes a fixed wall, a connecting plate body and a connecting wall, the fixed wall is connected to the outer shell assembly, one end of the connecting wall is connected to the fixed wall, and the other end of the connecting wall extends toward one side of the first cavity and is connected to the connecting plate body, the mounting groove is arranged on the connecting plate body, and the multiple support plates are fitted with the connecting plate body on one side facing the connecting plate.

[0016] In some embodiments of the shell structure of the energy storage device, the connecting wall has a slope, the slope faces the first air inlet, and the slope is inclined from the fixed wall toward one side of the connecting plate body. The first gas drive unit is installed in the first cavity and is located between the first air inlet and the slope.

[0017] The present application also provides an energy storage device, including:

[0018] The housing structure of the energy storage device as described above;

[0019] A battery pack is installed in the second cavity and covers the installation groove, the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, the bottom and the top of each battery cell are sequentially arranged along the first direction, and a first air flow channel penetrating the battery pack along the first direction is provided between adjacent battery cells; and

[0020] A mainboard is installed in the third cavity, the mainboard is electrically connected to the battery pack, and is configured to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack.

[0021] In some embodiments of the energy storage device, the battery pack further comprises a frame, and the plurality of battery cells are installed in a space enclosed by the frame;

[0022] The frame is open at two opposite sides along the first direction and is respectively covered with an insulating layer. Each insulating layer is provided with openings whose number is the same as that of the first air flow channels and which are connected one by one.

[0023] In some embodiments of the energy storage device, the orthographic projection of the mainboard on the porous plate is located in the region of the porous plate where the through holes are opened, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the mainboard on the porous plate is smaller than the region of the porous plate where the through holes are opened.

[0024] The embodiment of the present application includes a housing assembly having a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity sequentially arranged along a first direction, a connecting plate capable of enclosing a mounting groove connected between the first cavity and the second cavity, a porous plate located between the second cavity and the third cavity and having a plurality of through holes connected between the second cavity and the third cavity, a first gas driving unit, and a second gas driving unit. The first direction is also the axial direction of the battery cell, and the bottom and the top of the battery cell are sequentially arranged along the first direction, and there is a first airflow channel penetrating the battery pack along the first direction between adjacent battery cells, so that after the battery pack covers the mounting groove, the first cavity and the second cavity can be separated from the connecting plate, and the gas can only flow from the bottom to the top of the plurality of battery cells in parallel through the plurality of first airflow channels to take away the heat of the battery cells.

[0025] The first air inlet and the air outlet are respectively arranged on the two sides of the housing component that are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The first air inlet is connected to the first cavity, and the air outlet is connected to the third cavity. The first gas driving unit drives the cooling gas to be discharged from the first air inlet into the first cavity, and flows relative to the first cavity along the second direction, so that the cooling gas can evenly enter each first air flow channel to bring the heat generated by each battery cell into the third cavity, thereby making each battery cell have the same heat dissipation conditions and ensuring the uniformity of heat dissipation. The second gas driving unit can drive the gas in the third cavity to flow relative to the third cavity along the second direction and be discharged from the air outlet. In this way, a gas flow route that passes through the first cavity, multiple first air flow channels and the third cavity in sequence can be formed, so that each battery cell can be subjected to uniform wind force, so that the entire battery pack not only has better cooling performance, but also can dissipate heat evenly, and can also take away the heat of the mainboard installed in the third cavity.

[0026] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or be understood by implementing the present application. Other advantages of the present application can be realized and obtained by the schemes described in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solution of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present application.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the side air supply and heat dissipation form;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the energy storage device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle part A;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the gas flow direction in the energy storage device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The enlarged structural diagram of the middle B part;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the lower cover and the first gas driving unit of the energy storage device after being assembled in the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The enlarged structural diagram of the middle C part;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack in an energy storage device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled lower cover, middle frame and battery pack in the energy storage device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 The enlarged structural diagram of the middle D part;

[0038] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the middle frame and the porous plate in the energy storage device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the second gas drive unit, the main board and the porous plate in the energy storage device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.13 for Fig.12 The enlarged structural diagram of the middle E part;

[0041] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig.15 This is a cross-sectional view of the wind field in the side air supply and heat dissipation form;

[0043] Fig.16 This is the temperature field distribution diagram of the side air supply and heat dissipation form;

[0044] Fig.17 A cross-sectional view of a wind field of an energy storage device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Fig.18 A cross-sectional view of a wind field from another perspective of the energy storage device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Fig.19 This is a temperature field distribution diagram of the energy storage device in the embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0048] 10', fan; 20', existing battery pack; 21', existing battery cell; 10, shell structure; 11, shell assembly; 111, lower cover; 1111, support plate; 1112, plug-in portion; 112, middle frame; 1121, support column; 1122, reinforcement plate; 1123, second threaded member; 113, upper cover; 12, connecting plate; 121, fixed wall; 122, connecting plate body; 123, connecting wall; 1231, inclined surface; 13, porous plate; 131, bending portion; 14, first gas drive unit; 15, second gas drive unit element; 16, connecting piece; 161, connecting column; 162, first threaded piece; 17, enclosing piece; 171, folding edge; 20, battery pack; 21, battery cell; 22, frame; 23, insulating layer; 30, main board; 100, first cavity; 101, first air inlet; 102, second air flow channel; 200, second cavity; 300, third cavity; 301, air outlet; 302, second air inlet; 303, flow space; 304, opening; 400, first air flow channel; 401, opening; 500, mounting groove; 600, through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present application describes multiple embodiments, but the description is exemplary rather than restrictive, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that there may be more embodiments and implementations within the scope of the embodiments described in the present application. Although many possible feature combinations are shown in the drawings and discussed in the specific embodiments, many other combinations of the disclosed features are also possible. Unless specifically limited, any feature or element of any embodiment may be used in combination with any other feature or element in any other embodiment, or may replace any other feature or element in any other embodiment.

[0050] The present application includes and contemplates combinations of features and elements known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments, features and elements disclosed in the present application may also be combined with any conventional features or elements to form a unique invention scheme. Any features or elements of any embodiment may also be combined with features or elements from other invention schemes to form another unique invention scheme. Therefore, it should be understood that any feature shown and / or discussed in the present application may be implemented individually or in any appropriate combination. Therefore, except for the limitations made according to the attached claims and their equivalents, the embodiments are not subject to other restrictions. In addition, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of protection of the attached claims.

[0051] In addition, when describing representative embodiments, the specification may have presented the method and / or process as a specific sequence of steps. However, to the extent that the method or process does not rely on the specific order of steps described in the application, the method or process should not be limited to the steps of the specific order. As will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, other sequences of steps are also possible. Therefore, the specific sequence of the steps set forth in the specification should not be interpreted as a limitation to the claims. In addition, the claims for the method and / or process should not be limited to the steps of performing them in the order written, and those skilled in the art can easily understand that these sequences can change, and still remain within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the application.

[0052] The inventor of the present application has found that if forced convection is used for heat exchange, the fan 10' is used to send outside air to the existing battery pack 20', and the air is discharged after sufficient heat exchange with the surface of the existing battery cell 21', which can improve the heat dissipation efficiency and the performance of the existing battery pack 20'. However, there is a problem that different existing battery cells 21' have different heat dissipation conditions. For example, directly using the fan 10' to send air to the existing battery pack 20' from the side for heat dissipation (such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the wind is transmitted from one side to the other side step by step and weakens. The airflow exchanges heat with the existing battery cell 21', and the heat gradually accumulates, resulting in a small airflow around the existing battery cell 21' at the rear end and a high airflow temperature, so that the temperature of the existing battery cell 21' gradually increases with the airflow direction, T n >⋯>T2>T1. However, the temperature of the existing battery cells 21' in the existing battery pack 20' is uneven, and there is a large temperature difference, which will cause the performance of the high-temperature existing battery cells 21' to drop sharply, thereby accelerating the damage of the entire existing battery pack 20'.

[0053] Please combine Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 and Fig.14 An embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage device, including a housing structure 10 of the energy storage device, a battery pack 20 and a mainboard 30.

[0054] The housing structure 10 of the energy storage device includes a housing assembly 11, a connecting plate 12, a porous plate 13, a first gas driving unit 14 and a second gas driving unit 15. The housing assembly 11 is provided with a first cavity 100, a second cavity 200 and a third cavity 300 sequentially arranged along a first direction. The first direction is parallel to Figure 4The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. Figure 4 The arrow Y in the middle points to the direction.

[0055] The first air inlet 101 is in communication with the first cavity 100, the air outlet 301 is in communication with the third cavity 300, and the second cavity 200 is configured to have a space for installing the battery pack 20, wherein the battery pack 20 includes a plurality of battery cells 21, the bottom and the top of each battery cell 21 are sequentially arranged along the first direction, and there is a first air flow channel 400 penetrating the battery pack 20 along the first direction between adjacent battery cells 21. The first air flow channel 400 can be formed by arranging adjacent battery cells 21 at intervals, or by using the depression of the outer wall of the battery cell 21 after the adjacent battery cells 21 are attached, or by enclosing adjacent battery cells 21.

[0056] The third cavity 300 is configured to have a space for installing the mainboard 30 .

[0057] The circumferential outer side of the connecting plate 12 is arranged on the housing assembly 11. The connecting plate 12 is located between the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200, and the connecting plate 12 can be enclosed to form a mounting groove 500 that is connected between the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200. The mounting groove 500 can be covered by the battery pack 20 so that the connecting plate 12 and the battery pack 20 can separate the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200. In this way, the gas cannot enter the second cavity 200 through the mounting groove 500, and enter the third cavity 300 through the second cavity 200. At this time, each first airflow channel 400 can be directly connected to the first cavity 100 or connected to the first cavity 100 through the mounting groove 500. In this way, the gas can only flow from the bottom to the top of the battery cell 21 through the first airflow channel 400 to take away the heat of the battery cell 21 and flow to the third cavity 300.

[0058] The porous plate 13 is installed on the housing assembly 11 and is located between the second cavity 200 and the third cavity 300. The porous plate 13 is provided with a plurality of through holes 600 communicating between the second cavity 200 and the third cavity 300. In this way, the gas taking away heat from the battery cell 21 can enter the third cavity 300 through the through holes 600.

[0059] The first gas driving unit 14 is installed on the housing assembly 11, and is configured to drive the cooling gas to be discharged from the first air inlet 101 into the first cavity 100, and flow relative to the first cavity 100 along the second direction. The first gas driving unit 14 may be, but is not limited to, a bladed fan, a bladeless fan, a compressor or a blower, etc. The cooling gas may be, but is not limited to, air or cold air.

[0060] The first gas driving unit 14 may be arranged near the first air inlet 101, and may be arranged at the air inlet side of the first air inlet 101. The first gas driving unit 14 sucks the cooling gas into itself and then discharges it into the first air inlet 101, and drives the cooling gas to flow relative to the first cavity 100 along the second direction, and is evenly distributed on the side of each first air flow channel 400 close to the first cavity 100. The first gas driving unit 14 may also be arranged at the air outlet side of the first air inlet 101. The first gas driving unit 14 sucks the cooling gas from the first air inlet 101 into itself and then discharges it into the first cavity 100, and drives the cooling gas to flow relative to the first cavity 100 along the second direction, and is evenly distributed on the bottom of each battery cell 21. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the first gas driving unit 14 may also be arranged far away from the first air inlet 101, and by generating suction on the cooling gas, the cooling gas is discharged from the first air inlet 101 into the first cavity 100, and flows relative to the first cavity 100 along the second direction.

[0061] The second gas driving unit 15 is installed on the housing assembly 11, and is configured to drive the gas in the third cavity 300 to flow relative to the third cavity 300 along the second direction and be discharged from the gas outlet 301. The second gas driving unit 15 may be, but is not limited to, a bladed fan, a bladeless fan, a compressor or a blower, etc. In this way, the second gas driving unit 15 can accelerate the cooling gas to enter the first air flow channel 400, and bring the heat of the battery cell 21 into the third cavity 300, and at the same time, the heat of the battery cell 21 and the mainboard 30 is discharged from the gas outlet 301 through the gas.

[0062] The second gas driving unit 15 can be arranged near the gas outlet 301, and can be arranged on the gas inlet side of the gas outlet 301. The second gas driving unit 15 generates suction force on the gas in the third cavity 300, so that the gas in the third cavity 300 flows relative to the third cavity 300 along the second direction, and is discharged through the gas outlet 301 after being sucked into the second gas driving unit 15, so as to ensure that the gas carrying the heat of the battery cell 21 and the main board 30 can be stably discharged from the gas outlet 301. The second gas driving unit 15 can also be arranged on the gas outlet side of the gas outlet 301, and generates suction force on the gas in the third cavity 300, so that the gas in the third cavity 300 flows relative to the third cavity 300 along the second direction, and is discharged from the gas outlet 301 to the second gas driving unit 15, and is discharged outwardly by the second gas driving unit 15, so as to ensure that the gas carrying the heat of the battery cell 21 and the main board 30 can be stably discharged from the gas outlet 301. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the second gas driving unit 15 can also be disposed away from the gas outlet 301 to drive the gas in the third cavity 300 to flow along the second direction relative to the third cavity 300 and be discharged from the gas outlet 301 .

[0063] The first gas driving unit 14 and the second gas driving unit 15 can form wind pressure between the first cavity 100 and the third cavity 300, which is more conducive to the gas flowing through the first air flow channel 400, and the heat exchange efficiency of the battery cell 21 is higher.

[0064] The battery pack 20 is installed in the second cavity 200, and the mounting groove 500 is covered. The battery pack 20 includes a plurality of battery cells 21, the bottom and the top of each battery cell 21 are arranged in sequence along the first direction, and there is a first air flow channel 400 that runs through the battery pack 20 along the first direction between adjacent battery cells 21. In the embodiment of the present application, the battery cell 21 is cylindrical. The plurality of battery cells 21 are distributed in a matrix. The first air flow channel 400 can be formed by enclosing four adjacent battery cells 21. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the plurality of battery cells 21 can also be distributed in other ways. The first air flow channel 400 can be formed by enclosing three or more adjacent battery cells 21. In addition, in other embodiments, the battery cell 21 can also be a sheet structure, and adjacent battery cells 21 are arranged at intervals to form the first air flow channel 400.

[0065] The main board 30 is installed in the third cavity 300, and the main board 30 is electrically connected to the battery pack 20, and is configured to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack 20. In addition, the main board 30 can also be configured to control the opening and closing of the first gas drive unit 14 and the second gas drive unit 15. The main board 30 can also have functional modules such as signal transmission and reception and temperature collection.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present application, the housing assembly 11 includes a detachably connected lower cover 111, a middle frame 112 and an upper cover 113. The lower cover 111, the middle frame 112 and the upper cover 113 are sequentially connected along a first direction. The first air inlet 101 is provided at the lower cover 111. The air outlet 301 is provided at the upper cover 113. The connecting plate 12 can be integrally formed with the middle frame 112. The lower cover 111, the connecting plate 12 and the battery pack 20 together form a first cavity 100. The porous plate 13 is provided at the middle frame 112, and the porous plate 13 and the upper cover 113 together form a third cavity 300.

[0067] The embodiment of the present application includes a housing assembly 11 provided with a first cavity 100, a second cavity 200 and a third cavity 300 sequentially arranged along a first direction, a connecting plate 12 capable of enclosing a mounting groove 500 connected between the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200, a porous plate 13 located between the second cavity 200 and the third cavity 300 and having a plurality of through holes 600 connected between the second cavity 200 and the third cavity 300, a first gas driving unit 14 and a second gas driving unit 15. The first direction is also the axial direction of the battery cell 21, and the bottom and the top of the battery cell 21 are sequentially arranged along the first direction, and there is a first air flow channel 400 penetrating the battery pack 20 along the first direction between adjacent battery cells 21, so that after the battery pack 20 covers the mounting groove 500, it can separate the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200 with the connecting plate 12, and the gas can only flow from the bottom to the top of the plurality of battery cells 21 in parallel through the plurality of first air flow channels 400 to take away the heat of the battery cells 21.

[0068] The housing component 11 is provided with a first air inlet 101 and an air outlet 301 on two sides thereof which are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The first air inlet 101 is connected to the first cavity 100, and the air outlet 301 is connected to the third cavity 300. The first gas driving unit 14 drives the cooling gas to be discharged from the first air inlet 101 into the first cavity 100, and flows relative to the first cavity 100 along the second direction, so that the cooling gas can evenly enter each first air flow channel 400 to bring the heat generated by each battery cell 21 into the third cavity 300, thereby making each battery cell 21 have the same heat dissipation condition, ensuring the uniformity of heat dissipation. The second gas driving unit 15 can drive the gas in the third cavity 300 to flow relative to the third cavity 300 along the second direction and be discharged from the air outlet 301. In this way, a gas flow route can be formed that passes through the first cavity 100, multiple first airflow channels 400 and the third cavity 300 in sequence, so that each battery cell 21 can be subjected to uniform wind force, so that the entire battery pack 20 not only has better cooling performance, but also can dissipate heat evenly and can also take away the heat of the mainboard 30 installed in the third cavity 300.

[0069] The side air supply is adopted for heat dissipation. The air supplied by the fan 10 'enters from the side of the existing battery pack 20 ' and is discharged from the other side of the existing battery pack 20 '. Fig.15 It can be seen that the wind speed at the fan 10' outlet is 2.809m / s. As the distance gradually increases, the wind speed gradually decreases from 1.861m / s between the existing battery cells 21' at the air inlet side to 0.170m / s. Therefore, after the wind enters from the opening on the air inlet side of the existing battery pack 20', the wind speed will gradually decrease as the distance increases. At the air outlet side of the existing battery pack 20', the wind speed is even only 1 / 10 of the wind speed on the air inlet side. Fig.16As shown, the temperature of the existing battery pack 20' gradually increases from the air inlet side to the air outlet side of the existing battery pack 20', and the temperature distribution is very uneven, with the lowest temperature being 45.47°C and the highest temperature reaching 77°C. The temperature difference of the entire existing battery pack 20' is as high as 31.53°C.

[0070] It can be concluded from the above data that in the process of heat dissipation by side air supply, the wind enters from the air inlet side of the existing battery pack 20' and gradually dissipates the heat for the existing battery cell 21', and then takes the heat out from the air outlet side of the existing battery pack 20'. As the distance increases, the wind speed will gradually decrease. Therefore, the heat dissipation capacity will also gradually decrease, and the temperature of a single existing battery cell 21' will gradually increase. Since the characteristic of the existing battery cell 21' is that the internal resistance increases with the increase of temperature rise, the increase of internal resistance leads to the increase of loss of the existing battery cell 21', which accelerates the temperature rise rate of the existing battery cell 21' away from the air inlet side of the existing battery pack 20', thereby causing the temperature difference of the existing battery cell 21' between the air inlet side of the existing battery pack 20' and the air outlet side of the existing battery pack 20' to become larger and larger, which is easy to cause the charging and discharging performance, capacity and life of this part of the existing battery pack 20' to be greatly reduced, thereby accelerating the damage of the entire existing battery pack 20', and seriously causing thermal runaway, resulting in safety accidents.

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, the energy storage device in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a first gas drive unit 14 and a second gas drive unit 15 in the housing component 11, and the first gas drive unit 14 and the second gas drive unit 15 are staggered along the second direction, so that the cooling gas blown into the first cavity 100 by the first gas drive unit 14 can be evenly distributed at the bottom of the plurality of battery cells 21, and flow toward the top of the plurality of battery cells 21 along the plurality of first air flow channels 400, bringing the heat generated by the battery cells 21 into the third cavity 300, and discharged from the energy storage device through the second gas drive unit 15. Fig.17 and Fig.18 It can be seen that the cooling gas blown out by the first gas driving unit 14 passes through each first air flow channel 400, and the wind speed is relatively uniform, maintained at about 1 m / s. Fig.19 As shown, the temperature distribution of each battery cell 21 is basically uniform at about 56.84°C, the lowest temperature is 55.96°C, the highest temperature is 57.96°C, and the maximum temperature difference of the battery pack 20 is 2°C. Compared with the side air supply heat dissipation form, the maximum temperature difference of the energy storage device in the embodiment of the present application is reduced by 29.53°C.

[0072] Based on the above data, it can be seen that the energy storage device in the embodiment of the present application can not only improve the cooling performance of the battery cells 21, but also maintain the temperature of the battery cells 21 at different positions uniformly, reduce the temperature difference of the battery cells 21 in the battery pack 20, extend the cycle life of the battery pack 20, and increase the energy density of the battery pack 20, thereby improving the performance of the entire energy storage device.

[0073] In the exemplary embodiment, please combine Figures 2 to 4 and Fig.14 The housing component 11 is also provided with a second air inlet 302, and the second air inlet 302 is connected to the third cavity 300. The air outlet 301 and the second air inlet 302 are arranged relatively to each other along the second direction. In this way, the second air inlet 302 is arranged so that the cooling gas can directly enter the third cavity 300 under the drive of the second gas driving unit 15, thereby preventing the gas temperature entering the third cavity 300 from the first air flow channel 400 from being too high, thereby affecting the heat dissipation of the mainboard 30. The air outlet 301 and the second air inlet 302 are arranged relatively to each other along the second direction, so that the mainboard 30 and the connecting position of the through hole 600 and the third cavity 300 are located between the air outlet 301 and the second air inlet 302, so that the mainboard 30 and the gas entering the third cavity 300 from the first air flow channel 400 can be cooled by the cooling gas directly entering the third cavity 300, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the mainboard 30.

[0074] The lower cover 111 is provided with a plurality of strip holes to form the first air inlet 101. The upper cover 113 is provided with a plurality of strip holes on both sides opposite to each other along the second direction to form the air outlet 301 and the second air inlet 302 respectively. Since the strip holes have a smaller size in a certain direction, it is possible to prevent larger impurities from entering the first air inlet 101, the air outlet 301 and the second air inlet 302 formed by the plurality of strip holes. In addition, the strip holes can be directly formed on the lower cover 111 and the upper cover 113 by stamping or the like, which has a simple structure, avoids the use of additional parts, and saves costs.

[0075] In the exemplary embodiment, please combine Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Fig.11 and Fig.12 The housing structure 10 of the energy storage device further includes a connector 16. The connector 16 is connected to the housing assembly 11 and / or the porous plate 13, and is configured to space the porous plate 13 and the main board 30 along the first direction, so that there is a certain gap between the main board 30 and the porous plate 13, so as to prevent the main board 30 from covering the through hole 600 and affecting the gas from entering the third cavity 300 through the through hole 600.

[0076] The shell structure 10 of the energy storage device also includes an enclosure 17. The enclosure 17 is configured to be disposed between the porous plate 13 and the main board 30, and is disposed around the main board 30 along the circumferential outer side of the main board 30, and can be enclosed with the porous plate 13 and the main board 30 to form a flow space 303, and the flow space 303 has an opening 304 disposed opposite to the gas outlet 301 along the second direction. In this way, the flow space 303 can be formed between the porous plate 13 and the main board 30 by the arrangement of the enclosure 17. Relative to the entire third cavity 300, the size of the flow space 303 is relatively small, so that the gas can be accelerated in the smaller flow space 303 under the drive of the first gas drive unit 14 and the second gas drive unit 15, thereby increasing the speed of the gas flowing through the battery cell 21, thereby improving the convective heat exchange efficiency, and can also improve the utilization rate of the cooling gas entering the first cavity 100. The opening 304 is provided so that the gas discharge position in the flow space 303 is closer to the gas outlet 301 , so that the heat generated by the battery cell 21 can be discharged in time.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present application, the connecting member 16 includes a connecting column 161 and a first threaded member 162. The connecting column 161 is arranged on the porous plate 13 and can be integrally formed with the porous plate 13. There are four connecting columns 161, and they are arranged on the porous plate 13 corresponding to the four corners of the main board 30 respectively. The enclosure 17 can be a slat-like structure made of duct paper or other insulating materials. The enclosure 17 is also provided with a folded edge 171. The first threaded member 162 is threadedly connected to the connecting column 161. The first threaded member 162 can clamp the folded edge 171 and the main board 30 on the connecting column 161 in turn, thereby ensuring the stability of the position of the enclosure 17 relative to the main board 30. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the connecting member 16 can also be arranged on the upper cover 113 to connect the main board 30 with the upper cover 113.

[0078] In the exemplary embodiment, please combine Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Fig.11 and Fig.12 , the orthographic projection of the enclosure 17 on the porous plate 13 is located outside the circumference of the area where the through hole 600 is opened on the porous plate 13. In this way, the gas flow route that passes through the first cavity 100, the plurality of first air flow channels 400 and the third cavity 300 in sequence can be separated from the gas flow route that passes through the second air inlet 302 and the air outlet 301 in sequence by the enclosure 17, and converges near the air outlet 301, so that the gas cooling the battery cell 21 and the gas cooling the main board 30 are relatively independent, and the gas flow fields do not interfere with each other, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation effect and heat dissipation reliability of the battery cell 21 and the main board 30.

[0079] In the exemplary embodiment, please combine Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Fig.11 and Fig.13 As shown, since the discharge positions of the cooling gas (the second air inlet 302 and the first air inlet 101) are more relative to the discharge position (the air outlet 301) and the overall size is also larger, the operating power of the second gas drive unit 15 is greater than the operating power of the first gas drive unit 14, which can ensure that the gas flows along a preset route, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation performance of the battery cell 21 and the mainboard 30. In the embodiment of the present application, the first gas drive unit 14 and the second gas drive unit 15 are both bladed fans, and the parameters affecting the power may include but are not limited to the number of blades, blade speed, and blade size. In the embodiment of the present application, the first gas drive unit 14 includes one blade. The second gas drive unit 15 includes two blades. When other parameters are the same, the power of the second gas drive unit 15 is about twice the power of the first gas drive unit 14.

[0080] In the exemplary embodiment, please combine Figures 4 to 7 The housing structure 10 of the energy storage device further includes a plurality of support plates 1111, which are installed in the first cavity 100 and supported between the housing assembly 11 and the connecting plate 12. In this way, the support plates 1111 play a load-bearing role, preventing the connecting plate 12 from being deformed under the action of the battery pack 20.

[0081] The plurality of support plates 1111 can extend in the second direction, and the plurality of support plates 1111 can be arranged at intervals perpendicular to the first direction, and a second airflow channel 102 is formed between adjacent support plates 1111, and the second airflow channel 102 is communicated with the first air inlet 101, and the first gas driving unit 14 is further configured to drive the cooling gas to be discharged from the first air inlet 101 into the second airflow channel 102. In this way, the plurality of support plates 1111 can also play a rectifying and guiding role for the cooling gas, so that the cooling gas can be concentratedly distributed at the bottom of the plurality of battery cells 21, so that the air inlet temperature of the plurality of first airflow channels 400 close to the first cavity 100 is consistent, ensuring that the temperatures of the battery cells 21 will not interfere with each other, ensuring the consistency of the temperature rise of the battery cells 21, and being conducive to improving the life and stability of the battery cells 21.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of support plates 1111 are provided on the lower cover 111. The two ends of the two support plates 1111 located at the outermost sides along the first direction perpendicular to the plurality of support plates 1111 are connected to the lower cover 111, and one side of the two support plates 1111 is in contact with the connecting plate 12, and the other side is connected to the lower cover 111, so that the two support plates 1111, the connecting plate 12 and the lower cover 111 can be combined to form a space that can only be inlet through the first air inlet 101 and exhausted by the plurality of first air flow channels 400, so that the cooling gas can be more concentratedly distributed at the bottom of the plurality of battery cells 21. In addition, the lower cover 111 is also provided with a plug-in portion 1112, which can form a plug-in space for the first gas drive unit 14.

[0083] In the exemplary embodiment, please combine Figure 5 and Fig.10 The connecting plate 12 includes a fixed wall 121, a connecting plate body 122 and a connecting wall 123. The fixed wall 121 is connected to the housing assembly 11. One end of the connecting wall 123 is connected to the fixed wall 121. The other end of the connecting wall 123 extends toward the first cavity 100 and is connected to the connecting plate body 122. In this way, the connecting plate 12 can protrude toward the first cavity 100. While ensuring that the outer dimensions of the housing assembly 11 remain unchanged, the size of the second cavity 200 can be increased to ensure the accommodation size of the battery pack 20. In the embodiment of the present application, the fixed wall 121 is disposed on the middle frame 112.

[0084] The mounting groove 500 is disposed on the connecting plate body 122, and the supporting plates 1111 are attached to the connecting plate body 122 on one side facing the connecting plate 12 to enhance the stability of supporting the connecting plate body 122. The battery pack 20 is disposed on the connecting plate body 122 and covers the mounting groove 500.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, a support column 1121 is further provided at the corner of the middle frame 112, the support column 1121 is provided on the side of the fixed wall 121 away from the first cavity 100, and a reinforcing plate 1122 connected to the middle frame 112 and the fixed wall 121 is provided. The support column 1121 is also threadedly connected with a second threaded member 1123, and the second threaded member 1123 can clamp the porous plate 13 to the support column 1121 to ensure the stability of the second cavity 200.

[0086] In the exemplary embodiment, please combine Figure 5 and Fig.10 The connecting wall 123 has an inclined surface 1231, which faces the first air inlet 101. The inclined surface 1231 is inclined from the fixed wall 121 to the side of the connecting plate body 122. The first gas drive unit 14 is installed in the first cavity 100 and is located between the first air inlet 101 and the inclined surface 1231. In this way, the installation of the first gas drive unit 14 can be avoided by setting the inclined surface 1231, making the energy storage device more compact. In addition, the inclined surface 1231 can also guide the cooling gas, preventing the cooling gas driven by the first gas drive unit 14 from encountering the stopper of the connecting wall 123 and moving to the side of the first gas drive unit 14, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0087] In the exemplary embodiment, please combine Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9The battery pack 20 also includes a frame 22, and a plurality of battery cells 21 are installed in the space surrounded by the frame 22. The setting of the frame 22 can protect the battery cells 21, fix the position of the battery cells 21, and weld the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells 21 with nickel sheets.

[0088] The frame 22 is open at two opposite sides along the first direction and is respectively covered with an insulating layer 23. The insulating layer 23 may be a layered structure made of highland barley paper or other insulating materials to prevent external structures from accidentally contacting the battery cell 21 and causing a short circuit.

[0089] Each insulating layer 23 is provided with openings 401 that are the same in number as the first airflow channels 400 and are connected one-to-one. The plurality of first airflow channels 400 and the plurality of openings 401 are coaxially arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0090] In the exemplary embodiment, please combine Figure 4 and Fig.12 , the orthographic projection of the main board 30 on the porous plate 13 is located in the region where the porous plate 13 has the through holes 600, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the main board 30 on the porous plate 13 is smaller than the region where the porous plate 13 has the through holes 600. In this way, the main board 30 can be prevented from completely blocking the multiple through holes 600, ensuring that the gas can enter the third cavity 300 relatively smoothly through the through holes 600.

[0091] In the present application embodiment, Fig.13 As shown, the edge of the porous plate 13 has a bending portion 131 , the bending portion 131 is bent toward one side of the third chamber 300 , and the second gas driving unit 15 is installed on the bending portion 131 .

[0092] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0093] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0094] In the description of the present application, “plurality” means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0095] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0096] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being “above”, “above”, and “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being “below”, “below”, and “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0097] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0098] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A housing structure of an energy storage device, characterized in that: include: A housing component is provided with a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity which are sequentially arranged along a first direction, and first air inlets and air outlets are respectively arranged on two sides of the housing component which are oppositely arranged along the second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, the first air inlet is communicated with the first cavity, the air outlet is communicated with the third cavity, the second cavity is configured to have a space for installing a battery pack, wherein the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, the bottom and the top of each battery cell are sequentially arranged along the first direction, and a first air flow channel which penetrates the battery pack along the first direction is provided between adjacent battery cells, and the third cavity is configured to have a space for installing a mainboard; a connecting plate, the circumferential outer side of the connecting plate is arranged on the housing assembly, the connecting plate is located between the first cavity and the second cavity, the connecting plate can be combined to form a mounting groove communicating between the first cavity and the second cavity, the mounting groove can be covered by the battery pack, so that the connecting plate and the battery pack can separate the first cavity from the second cavity, and each of the first airflow channels can be directly communicated with the first cavity or communicated with the first cavity through the mounting groove; A porous plate, installed on the housing assembly and located between the second cavity and the third cavity, the porous plate being provided with a plurality of through holes communicating between the second cavity and the third cavity; a first gas driving unit, mounted on the housing assembly, configured to drive cooling gas to be discharged from the first air inlet into the first cavity and to flow relative to the first cavity along the second direction; and a second gas driving unit, mounted on the housing assembly, configured to drive the gas in the third cavity to flow relative to the third cavity along the second direction and be discharged from the gas outlet; The housing structure of the energy storage device further comprises a connecting member, which is connected to the housing assembly and / or the porous plate and is configured to space the porous plate and the main board along the first direction; The shell structure of the energy storage device also includes an enclosure, which is configured to be arranged between the porous plate and the main board, and is arranged around the main board along the circumferential outer side of the main board, and can be enclosed with the porous plate and the main board to form a flow space, and the flow space has an opening arranged opposite to the air outlet along the second direction.

2. The housing structure of the energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing component is further provided with a second air inlet, which is communicated with the third cavity, and the air outlet and the second air inlet are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction.

3. The housing structure of the energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the enclosing member on the porous plate is located outside the circumference of the region where the through holes are formed on the porous plate.

4. The housing structure of the energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The shell structure of the energy storage device also includes a plurality of support plates, which are installed in the first cavity and supported between the shell assembly and the connecting plate. The plurality of support plates can extend along the second direction. The plurality of support plates can be spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and form a second air flow channel between adjacent support plates. The second air flow channel is connected to the first air inlet, and the first gas drive unit is further configured to drive cooling gas to be discharged from the first air inlet into the second air flow channel.

5. The housing structure of the energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting plate includes a fixed wall, a connecting plate body and a connecting wall, the fixed wall is connected to the shell assembly, one end of the connecting wall is connected to the fixed wall, the other end of the connecting wall extends toward one side of the first cavity and is connected to the connecting plate body, the mounting groove is arranged on the connecting plate body, and the multiple support plates are fitted with the connecting plate body on one side facing the connecting plate.

6. The housing structure of the energy storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting wall has an inclined surface, the inclined surface faces the first air inlet, and the inclined surface is inclined from the fixed wall toward one side of the connecting plate body. The first gas driving unit is installed in the first cavity and is located between the first air inlet and the inclined surface.

7. An energy storage device, characterized in that: include: The housing structure of the energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 6; A battery pack is installed in the second cavity and covers the installation groove, the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, the bottom and the top of each battery cell are sequentially arranged along the first direction, and a first air flow channel penetrating the battery pack along the first direction is provided between adjacent battery cells; and A mainboard is installed in the third cavity, the mainboard is electrically connected to the battery pack, and is configured to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The battery pack further comprises a frame, and the plurality of battery cells are installed in a space enclosed by the frame; The frame is open at two opposite sides along the first direction and is respectively covered with an insulating layer. Each insulating layer is provided with openings whose number is the same as that of the first air flow channels and which are connected one by one.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the main board on the porous plate is located in the region where the through holes are opened in the porous plate, and the orthographic projection area of ​​the main board on the porous plate is smaller than the region where the through holes are opened in the porous plate.

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