Solar energy combined heat and power generation warming and anti-freezing system and construction method for reservoir dams in cold regions

Abstract

The present application relates to a solar thermal power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system and construction method for cold-region reservoir dams, and relates to the field of dam anti-freezing technology. The system includes a solar thermal power collection device, a first water outlet pipe, a heat storage tank, and a first water inlet pipe connected end to end in sequence to form a first circulation loop, and a heat storage tank, a second water outlet pipe, a radiator, and a second water inlet pipe connected end to end in sequence to form a second circulation loop. The first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe in the system are arranged at the bottom of the panel of the dam, and the dam is heated by circulating hot water in the heat storage tank to prevent frost heave; the radiator in the system is installed on the panel of the dam near the water level surface to prevent the formation of ice cover on the panel. The system can make full use of the abundant solar energy in the cold region and collect the solar radiation energy in summer in advance, so as to warm the dam in winter, so as to improve the existing problems of high energy consumption, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and low efficiency in anti-freezing of cold-region dams.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of dam anti-freezing, and in particular to a solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system and construction method for reservoir dams in cold regions. Background Art

[0002] It is reported that the cold regions in China are widely distributed, accounting for about 43.5% of the total land area of ​​my country. More than 22,000 reservoirs and dams have been built on them, effectively ensuring the water security, food security and ecological security of the cold regions. However, due to the low temperature in winter in the cold regions, the water bodies near the water level surface are prone to freeze and form ice sheets. The temperature rise during winter growth and the early spring melt will cause the ice sheet to climb, which has a serious ice push effect on the dam panel; water level changes during the freezing period will also have an ice pull effect on the dam panel. In addition, the dam body near the water level surface is severely damaged by frost heave due to sufficient water replenishment. Therefore, there is an obvious problem of freezing damage in cold region dams, which has seriously threatened the safe operation of the project.

[0003] At present, the main methods used to prevent dam ice damage are pressure water jet method, compressed air bubbling method, electric heating method, artificial ice breaking method, anti-icing patch (hydrophobic coating) and heat pipe method. Among them, the first three methods all require the use of external power supply, which consumes a lot of energy and has the risk of leakage. The artificial ice breaking method is time-consuming, labor-intensive and inefficient, the anti-icing patch is easy to peel off after being soaked in water for a long time, and the heat pipe method provides limited heat energy, resulting in poor effect.

[0004] Insulation boards and electric heating are also used to prevent frost damage to dams. However, the insulation board has a sharp decline in thermal insulation performance due to long-term immersion in water, and the electric heating method has a problem of high energy consumption. It is also worth noting that the above methods can only prevent and control one type of ice or frost damage to dams, and cannot prevent and control ice or frost damage to multiple types of dams at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a solar cogeneration heating and anti-freezing system and construction method for cold region reservoir dams. The solar cogeneration heating and anti-freezing system and construction method for cold region reservoir dams can make full use of solar energy resources to warm the dam, so as to improve the existing cold region dam anti-freezing problems such as high energy consumption, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and low efficiency.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a solar thermal power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system for a reservoir dam in a cold region, the system comprising a solar thermal power collection device, an energy storage device, a hot water storage tank, a radiator, a first water outlet pipe, a first water inlet pipe, a second water outlet pipe, and a second water inlet pipe;

[0007] The solar thermal power collection device, the first water outlet pipe, the hot water storage tank and the first water inlet pipe are connected end to end in sequence to form a first circulation loop; the energy storage device is connected to the solar thermal power collection device; the solar thermal power collection device is used to collect solar energy, and store the generated heat energy in the hot water storage tank through the heat transfer medium in the first circulation loop, and store the generated electric energy in the energy storage device; wherein the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are used to be arranged at the bottom of the panel of the dam;

[0008] The heat storage tank, the second water outlet pipe, the radiator and the second water inlet pipe are connected end to end in sequence to form a second circulation loop; the heat storage tank is used to transfer the stored heat energy to the radiator, and the radiator is used to be installed on the panel of the dam near the water level.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the system further comprises a control box, a first peristaltic pump, and a second peristaltic pump;

[0010] The first peristaltic pump is installed on the first circulation loop, the second peristaltic pump is installed on the second circulation loop, and the control box is connected with the solar thermal power collection device, the energy storage device, the first peristaltic pump and the second peristaltic pump.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the solar thermal electric collection device includes an arc-shaped heat-absorbing reflector, a thermoelectric collector, a solar tracker, and a servo motor;

[0012] The solar tracker, thermoelectric collector and arc-shaped thermal absorber reflector are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The servo motor is connected to the arc-shaped thermal absorber reflector. The servo motor is used to drive the arc-shaped thermal absorber reflector to rotate according to the instructions of the solar tracker so that the arc-shaped thermal absorber reflector absorbs maximum solar radiation.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the first water outlet pipe includes a water outlet main pipe, a first branch water outlet pipe and a second branch water outlet pipe, one end of the first branch water outlet pipe is connected to the thermoelectric collector, the other end of the first branch water outlet pipe is connected to one end of the water outlet main pipe, one end of the second branch water outlet pipe is connected to the arc-shaped heat absorbing reflector, the other end of the second branch water outlet pipe is connected to one end of the water outlet main pipe, and the other end of the water outlet main pipe is connected to the hot water storage tank;

[0014] The first water inlet pipe includes a water inlet main pipe, a first branch water inlet pipe and a second branch water inlet pipe. One end of the water inlet main pipe is connected to the hot water storage tank, the other end of the water inlet main pipe is connected to one end of the first branch water inlet pipe and the second branch water inlet pipe, the other end of the first branch water inlet pipe is connected to the thermoelectric collector, and the other end of the second branch water inlet pipe is connected to the arc-shaped heat-absorbing reflector.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the arc-shaped heat-absorbing reflector includes a spectrally selective reflective coating, tempered glass, a vacuum tube matrix and a metal reflective plate stacked in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the two ends of the vacuum tube matrix are respectively connected to the second branch water outlet pipe and the second branch water inlet pipe.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the thermoelectric collector includes a top solar panel, a heat collecting panel and a bottom solar panel stacked in sequence from top to bottom, wherein two ends of the heat collecting panel are respectively connected to a first branch water outlet pipe and a first branch water inlet pipe.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the hot water storage tank includes a low-temperature water tank, a high-temperature water tank and a solenoid valve. The low-temperature water tank and the high-temperature water tank are connected via the solenoid valve. The low-temperature water tank is connected to the first water inlet pipe, and the high-temperature water tank is connected to the first water outlet pipe.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, the radiator includes a black high heat absorption coating, an aluminum alloy heat dissipation plate and a soft grille which are stacked in sequence from top to bottom, wherein saturated sodium acetate phase change capsules are arranged in the soft grille.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a construction method, which is applied to the solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system of the cold region reservoir dam in the aforementioned embodiment, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

[0020] Arrange a first outlet pipe and a first inlet pipe in the system at the bottom of the panel of the dam;

[0021] Install the radiator in the system on the panel of the dam close to the water level.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the step of arranging the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe in the system at the bottom of the panel of the dam includes:

[0023] According to the material of the dam, the heating area and the insulation area of ​​the dam are divided;

[0024] The first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are buried in the heating zone as the heat release section; the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are arranged in the insulation zone as the insulation section.

[0025] Through the above technical solution, the solar thermal power collection device uses solar radiation to convert into electrical energy and thermal energy. The electrical energy can be stored in the energy storage device and used to power the electrical equipment in the system. The thermal energy can be stored in the hot water storage tank and finally heated through the radiator to the position near the water level of the dam panel, which can prevent the formation of ice cover on the panel. The first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe in the system can be arranged at the bottom of the dam panel, which can heat the dam and play a role in preventing frost heave. In this way, the system makes full use of solar energy resources to warm the dam, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of diseases such as frost heave of the dam body and ice pushing and pulling of the panel in winter, and improve the existing problems of high energy consumption, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and low efficiency of anti-freezing of dams in cold areas.

[0026] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system for a reservoir dam in a cold region after installation provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle arc heat absorbing reflector;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the thermoelectric collector;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hot water storage tank;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the radiator.

[0033] Icons: 2-arc heat absorbing reflector; 21-spectral selective reflective coating; 22-tempered glass; 23-vacuum collector tube matrix; 24-metal reflector; 3-thermoelectric collector; 31-top solar panel; 32-collector panel; 33-bottom solar panel; 4-sun tracker; 5-servo motor; 6-energy storage device; 7-control box; 8-hot water storage tank; 81-low temperature water tank; 82-high temperature water tank; 83-solenoid valve; 84-skin effect heating cable; 85-insulation cotton; 8 6-composite geomembrane; 87-steel fiber cement mortar; 9-radiator; 91-black high heat absorption coating; 92-aluminum alloy heat sink; 93-soft grille; 94-saturated sodium acetate phase change capsule; 10-outlet main pipe; 11-first branch outlet pipe; 12-second branch outlet pipe; 13-inlet main pipe; 14-first branch inlet pipe; 15-second branch inlet pipe; 16-second outlet pipe; 17-second inlet pipe; 18-first peristaltic pump; 19-second peristaltic pump; 20-water level surface; 30-panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use, which is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] The present embodiment provides a solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system (hereinafter referred to as: system) for cold region reservoir dams. The system can make full use of the abundant solar energy resources in the northwest cold region and convert them into electrical energy and thermal energy. The dam body and the panel 30 near the water level 20 are heated by circulating heated water, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of diseases such as frost heave of the dam body and ice pushing and pulling of the panel 30 in winter.

[0038] For details, please refer to Figure 1 The system includes a solar thermal power collection device, an energy storage device 6, a hot water storage tank 8, a radiator 9, a first water outlet pipe, a first water inlet pipe, a second water outlet pipe 16, a second water inlet pipe 17, a control box 7, a first peristaltic pump 18 and a second peristaltic pump 19.

[0039] The solar thermal power collection device, the first water outlet pipe, the hot water storage tank 8 and the first water inlet pipe are connected end to end in sequence to form a first circulation loop, and the first peristaltic pump 18 is installed on the first circulation loop. The energy storage device 6 is connected to the solar thermal power collection device; the solar thermal power collection device is used to collect solar energy, and store the generated heat energy in the hot water storage tank 8 through the heat transfer medium in the first circulation loop, and store the generated electrical energy in the energy storage device 6; wherein the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are used to be arranged at the bottom of the panel 30 of the dam.

[0040] The hot water storage tank 8, the second water outlet pipe 16, the radiator 9 and the second water inlet pipe 17 are connected end to end in sequence to form a second circulation loop, and the second peristaltic pump 19 is installed on the second circulation loop. The hot water storage tank 8 is used to transfer the stored heat energy to the radiator 9, and the radiator 9 is used to be installed on the panel 30 of the dam near the water level 20.

[0041] The control box 7 is connected to the solar thermal power collection device, the energy storage device 6 , the first peristaltic pump 18 and the second peristaltic pump 19 .

[0042] Among them, the solar thermal electric collection device includes an arc-shaped thermal reflector 2, a thermoelectric collector 3, a solar tracker 4 and a servo motor 5; the solar tracker 4, the thermoelectric collector 3 and the arc-shaped thermal reflector 2 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the servo motor 5 is connected to the arc-shaped thermal reflector 2. The servo motor 5 is used to drive the arc-shaped thermal reflector 2 to rotate according to the instructions of the solar tracker 4, so that the arc-shaped thermal reflector 2 absorbs the maximum solar radiation.

[0043] The sun tracker 4 can track the sun's position in real time and transmit the optical signal to the control box 7. The control box 7 can issue instructions to control the servo motor 5 to make the arc-shaped heat-absorbing reflector 2 absorb the maximum solar radiation.

[0044] The first water outlet pipe includes a water outlet main pipe 10, a first branch water outlet pipe 11 and a second branch water outlet pipe 12, one end of the first branch water outlet pipe 11 is connected to the thermoelectric collector 3, the other end of the first branch water outlet pipe 11 is connected to one end of the water outlet main pipe 10, one end of the second branch water outlet pipe 12 is connected to the arc-shaped heat absorbing reflector 2, the other end of the second branch water outlet pipe 12 is connected to one end of the water outlet main pipe 10, and the other end of the water outlet main pipe 10 is connected to the hot water storage tank 8.

[0045] The first water inlet pipe includes a water inlet main pipe 13, a first branch water inlet pipe 14 and a second branch water inlet pipe 15. One end of the water inlet main pipe 13 is connected to the hot water storage tank 8, and the other end of the water inlet main pipe 13 is connected to one end of the first branch water inlet pipe 14 and the second branch water inlet pipe 15. The other end of the first branch water inlet pipe 14 is connected to the thermoelectric collector 3, and the other end of the second branch water inlet pipe 15 is connected to the arc-shaped heat-absorbing reflector 2.

[0046] Specifically, the diameter of the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe can be 6 cm. The first water inlet pipe is connected to the low-temperature water tank 81, and the first water outlet pipe is connected to the high-temperature water tank 82. The first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are arranged below the panel 30 of the dam. After the water inlet main pipe 13 leaves the dam body, it is connected to the first branch water inlet pipe 14 and the second branch water inlet pipe 15 through a one-in-two-outlet joint to supply water to the heat collecting plate 32 and the vacuum heat collecting tube matrix 23 respectively. The water outlets of the heat collecting plate 32 and the vacuum heat collecting tube matrix 23 are connected to the first branch water outlet pipe 11 and the second branch water outlet pipe 12, and connected to the water outlet main pipe 10 through a two-in-one-outlet joint, and then buried in the dam body to bring the high-temperature water into the high-temperature water tank 82.

[0047] The second water outlet pipe 16 and the second water inlet pipe 17 are wrapped with insulation materials for insulation treatment. The diameter is 4 cm, and the circulation speed is about 2.2 times that of the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe, which can basically ensure that the flow of the two circulation loops is consistent and reduce the water level fluctuation in the hot water storage tank 8.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 2 The arc-shaped heat-absorbing reflector 2 includes a spectrally selective reflective coating 21, a tempered glass 22, a vacuum heat-collecting tube matrix 23 and a metal reflective plate 24 which are stacked in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the two ends of the vacuum heat-collecting tube matrix 23 are respectively connected to the second branch water outlet pipe 12 and the second branch water inlet pipe 15. The vacuum heat-collecting tube matrix 23 includes a plurality of vacuum heat-collecting tubes. The spectrally selective reflective coating 21 can fully absorb infrared light to heat the internal circulating water body.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 3 The thermoelectric collector 3 includes a top solar panel 31, a heat collecting panel 32 and a bottom solar panel 33 stacked in sequence from top to bottom, wherein both ends of the heat collecting panel 32 are respectively connected to the first branch water outlet pipe 11 and the first branch water inlet pipe 14.

[0050] Visible light is reflected by the arc-shaped heat-absorbing reflector 2 onto the thermoelectric collector 3, so that the bottom solar panel 33 generates electricity. The top solar panel 31 can directly absorb solar radiation to generate electricity. The heat collector 32 is made of aluminum alloy with excellent thermal conductivity. The heat generated by the top solar panel 31 and the bottom solar panel 33 can be taken away by the internal circulating water, which can not only reduce the temperature of the top solar panel 31 and the bottom solar panel 33 and increase the power generation efficiency, but also heat the water for the dam to prevent freezing.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 4The hot water storage tank 8 includes a low-temperature water tank 81, a high-temperature water tank 82, a solenoid valve 83, a skin effect heating cable 84, a thermal insulation cotton 85, a composite geomembrane 86 and a steel fiber cement mortar 87. The low-temperature water tank 81 and the high-temperature water tank 82 are connected via a solenoid valve 83, the low-temperature water tank 81 is connected to the first water inlet pipe, and the high-temperature water tank 82 is connected to the first water outlet pipe. The skin effect heating cable 84 is arranged at the bottom of the high-temperature water tank 82, and the surfaces of the low-temperature water tank 81 and the high-temperature water tank 82 are sequentially coated with thermal insulation cotton 85, a composite geomembrane 86 and a steel fiber cement mortar 87 from the inside to the outside.

[0052] On cloudy days or at night, skin effect heating cables 84 can be used for auxiliary heating, and the energy storage device 6 supplies power. In summer and autumn, solar energy is used to store heat. In order to achieve the purpose of storing heat in summer and using it in winter, the water temperature in the low-temperature water tank 81 and the high-temperature water tank 82 is guaranteed to be above 80°C before winter, and the water accounts for more than 95% of the total volume of the low-temperature water tank 81 and the high-temperature water tank 82.

[0053] Specifically, the water in the low-temperature water tank 81 passes through the solar thermal power collection device to the high-temperature water tank 82. When there is too much water in the high-temperature water tank 82, it flows back to the low-temperature water tank 81 through the solenoid valve 83. In this way, the water in the low-temperature water tank 81 and the high-temperature water tank 82 can be repeatedly heated in a cycle to keep the temperature above 80°C. If the water level gauge reading in the high-temperature water tank 82 is higher than its height, the solenoid valve 83 is automatically opened, and a pump is configured to transfer part of the water in the high-temperature water tank 82 to the low-temperature water tank 81 through the pump; if the water level gauge reading in the low-temperature water tank 81 is higher than its height, the solenoid valve 83 is automatically opened, and a pump is configured to transfer part of the water in the low-temperature water tank 81 to the high-temperature water tank 82, and the local water level is adjusted so that the water in the system accounts for more than 95% of the total volume of the low-temperature water tank 81 and the high-temperature water tank 82.

[0054] Please refer to Figure 5, the thickness of the radiator 9 is about 4 cm. The radiator 9 includes a black high heat absorption coating 91, an aluminum alloy heat sink 92 and a soft grille 93 which are stacked in sequence from top to bottom, wherein a saturated sodium acetate phase change capsule 94 is arranged in the soft grille 93. There is a circulating water channel in the aluminum alloy heat sink 92, and the aluminum alloy heat sink 92 is heated by connecting the second water outlet pipe 16 and the second water inlet pipe 17. The black high heat absorption coating 91 can fully absorb the solar radiation heat, further heat the aluminum alloy heat sink 92, increase the temperature of the nearby water body, and reduce the formation of surface ice cover. When the water temperature around the radiator 9 is lower than 0.5°C, the second peristaltic pump 19 is turned on by the control box 7, and the radiator 9 is used to increase the temperature of the panel 30. When the temperature is higher than 0.5°C, the second peristaltic pump 19 is turned off to reduce heat energy loss. When extreme events such as frost heave or ice push occur, the deformation of panel 30 will squeeze the radiator 9, causing the saturated sodium acetate phase change capsules 94 to deform and release a large amount of latent heat, thereby heating the panel 30 or the dam body and reducing the risk of dam operation.

[0055] This embodiment also provides a construction method, which is applied to the solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system of the cold region reservoir dam in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the construction method includes the following steps:

[0056] S1: Arrange the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe in the system at the bottom of the panel 30 of the dam.

[0057] Among them, firstly, the heating zone and insulation zone of the dam are divided according to the material of the dam.

[0058] Then, the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are buried in the heating zone as a heat release section; the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are arranged in the insulation zone as an insulation section.

[0059] Specifically, the heating zone and the insulation zone of the dam are determined according to the material of the upstream dam. If the material of the upstream dam is rockfill or gravel, the heating zone is 1m above the water level 20 to the connection with the hot water storage tank 8; if the material of the upstream dam is soil, the heating zone is 2m above the water level 20 to the connection with the hot water storage tank 8. The first outlet pipe and the first inlet pipe are buried in the heating zone as the heat release section; the outside of the first outlet pipe and the first inlet pipe at other positions are wrapped with insulation materials to form the insulation section. The first outlet pipe and the first inlet pipe inside the dam are made of aluminum alloy with good heat dissipation performance, high strength and excellent durability, and the first outlet pipe and the first inlet pipe outside the dam are composed of high and low temperature resistant hoses. When there is no sun, the first circulation loop stops running.

[0060] S2: Install the radiator 9 in the system on the panel 30 of the dam close to the water level 20.

[0061] The working principle of the solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system for cold region reservoir dams provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0062] During the day, sunlight shines on the arc-shaped heat-absorbing reflector 2, passes through the spectrally selective reflective coating 21, and the infrared light therein is directed to the vacuum heat-collecting tube matrix 23. The metal reflector 24 behind the vacuum heat-collecting tube matrix 23 further increases the heat absorption effect of the vacuum heat-collecting tube matrix 23. The remaining visible light is reflected to the bottom solar panel 33 of the thermoelectric collector 3 to generate electricity, while the top solar panel 31 can directly absorb solar radiation to generate electricity and collect it in the energy storage device 6. There is a circulating water channel in the heat-collecting panel 32 in the thermoelectric collector 3, which is used to collect the heat generated by the top solar panel 31 and the bottom solar panel 33. The high-temperature water in the vacuum heat-collecting tube matrix 23 and the heat-collecting panel 32 is collected in the high-temperature water tank 82 through the first outlet pipe, the first inlet pipe and the first peristaltic pump 18.

[0063] The first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are arranged at the bottom of the panel 30, which can heat the dam body to prevent freezing and expansion.

[0064] In winter, the radiator 9 is installed on the panel 30 of the dam near the water level 20. The black high heat absorption coating 91 of the radiator 9 can fully absorb solar radiation to increase the temperature. When the temperature around the radiator 9 is lower than 0.5°C, the water in the high temperature water tank 82 is controlled to heat the surrounding water through the second water outlet pipe 16, the second water inlet pipe 17 and the radiator 9 to prevent the formation of ice cover.

[0065] On cloudy days or at night, the energy storage device 6 can be used to power the first peristaltic pump 18, the second peristaltic pump 19, the solenoid valve 83 and the servo motor 5, and the water body can be heated through the skin effect heating cable 84 to increase the anti-icing effect. If the water level gauge reading in the low-temperature water tank 81 or the high-temperature water tank 82 is higher than its height, the solenoid valve 83 is automatically opened to adjust the local water level. In this way, the summer solar energy can be fully stored in the hot water storage tank 8, and the water temperature in the low-temperature water tank 81 and the high-temperature water tank 82 is guaranteed to be above 80°C before winter, and the water body accounts for more than 95% of the total volume of the low-temperature water tank 81 and the high-temperature water tank 82, so as to achieve the purpose of storing energy in summer and using it in winter, and to provide heating and anti-freezing for the dam in winter. If an extreme low temperature event occurs, when the dam body near the water level surface 20 produces frost heave deformation or forms an ice push effect, the deformation of the saturated sodium acetate phase change capsule 94 inside the radiator 9 will release a large amount of latent heat, which can further increase the temperature of the dam and prevent freezing.

[0066] The beneficial effects of the solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system and construction method for cold region reservoir dams provided in this embodiment include:

[0067] 1. Solve the problem of preventing and controlling ice and freezing damage of reservoir dams in cold regions. Ice and freezing damage of reservoirs in cold regions is serious, but the existing technology can only prevent and control ice or freezing damage of dams, and the anti-freezing technology is limited. This embodiment uses the method of storing solar energy in water bodies to heat the water body near the water level 20 and the dam body above it that is prone to frost heave, thereby preventing and controlling ice and freezing damage of the dam;

[0068] 2. Solve the problem of energy waste such as strong radiation in summer. This embodiment collects summer heat energy through a solar thermal power collection device and stores the heat energy in a hot water storage tank 8, ensuring that the water temperature of the low-temperature water tank 81 and the high-temperature water tank 82 reaches above 80°C when winter comes. In summer, the power generated by the top solar panel 31 and the bottom solar panel 33 is stored by the energy storage device 6 for use in heating water in winter, truly realizing the storage of energy in summer and use in winter.

[0069] 3. The problem of low solar radiation utilization has been solved. Infrared light in sunlight is used for heating, while visible light is used for photovoltaic power generation. The solar thermal power collection device of this embodiment separates sunlight into infrared light and visible light through a spectrally selective reflective coating 21. The vacuum collector tube matrix 23 heats the water body by absorbing infrared light, and the arc-shaped heat-absorbing reflector 2 concentrates and reflects visible light to the bottom solar cell panel 33, which can effectively increase the solar energy flux density on the surface of the bottom solar cell panel 33 and improve the photoelectric output efficiency. In addition, the heat generated by the top solar cell panel 31 of the thermoelectric collector 3 is collected and taken away by the circulating water in the collector panel 32, thereby improving the power generation efficiency. On the whole, this embodiment greatly improves the utilization rate of solar energy through the spectrally selective reflective coating 21 and the combined heat and power generation method.

[0070] 4. The success rate of ice damage prevention of the dam panel 30 is improved. This embodiment improves the water temperature near the water level 20 from three aspects to reduce the ice cover generation rate. The focus is on heating by circulating high-temperature water, and on this basis, combining the black high heat absorption coating 91 for light heat collection and heating. Finally, in the event of an extreme event, a method of heating is provided in which a large amount of latent heat is released by deformation of the saturated sodium acetate phase change capsule 94.

[0071] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments of this application may be combined with each other.

[0072] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system for reservoir dams in cold regions, characterized in that: The system comprises a solar thermal power collection device, an energy storage device (6), a hot water storage tank (8), a radiator (9), a first water outlet pipe, a first water inlet pipe, a second water outlet pipe (16) and a second water inlet pipe (17); The solar thermal power collection device, the first water outlet pipe, the hot water storage tank (8) and the first water inlet pipe are connected end to end in sequence to form a first circulation loop; the energy storage device (6) is connected to the solar thermal power collection device; the solar thermal power collection device is used to collect solar energy, and store the generated heat energy in the hot water storage tank (8) through the heat transfer medium in the first circulation loop, and store the generated electric energy in the energy storage device (6); wherein the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are used to be arranged at the bottom of the panel (30) of the dam; The hot water storage tank (8), the second water outlet pipe (16), the radiator (9) and the second water inlet pipe (17) are connected end to end in sequence to form a second circulation loop; the hot water storage tank (8) is used to transfer the stored heat energy to the radiator (9), and the radiator (9) is used to be installed on a panel (30) of the dam at a position close to the water level (20); The solar thermal electric collection device comprises a curved heat absorbing reflector (2), a thermoelectric collector (3), a solar tracker (4) and a servo motor (5); the solar tracker (4), the thermoelectric collector (3) and the curved heat absorbing reflector (2) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the servo motor (5) is connected to the curved heat absorbing reflector (2), the solar tracker (4) can track the position of the sun in real time, and transmit an optical signal to a control box (7), the control box (7) can issue an instruction to control the servo motor (5) to work, so that the curved heat absorbing reflector (2) absorbs the maximum solar radiation; The first water outlet pipe comprises a main water outlet pipe (10), a first branch water outlet pipe (11) and a second branch water outlet pipe (12); one end of the first branch water outlet pipe (11) is connected to the thermoelectric collector (3); the other end of the first branch water outlet pipe (11) is connected to one end of the main water outlet pipe (10); one end of the second branch water outlet pipe (12) is connected to the arc-shaped heat absorbing reflector (2); the other end of the second branch water outlet pipe (12) is connected to one end of the main water outlet pipe (10); and the other end of the main water outlet pipe (10) is connected to the hot water storage tank (8); The first water inlet pipe comprises a water inlet main pipe (13), a first branch water inlet pipe (14) and a second branch water inlet pipe (15); one end of the water inlet main pipe (13) is connected to the hot water storage tank (8); the other end of the water inlet main pipe (13) is connected to one end of the first branch water inlet pipe (14) and the second branch water inlet pipe (15); the other end of the first branch water inlet pipe (14) is connected to the thermoelectric collector (3); and the other end of the second branch water inlet pipe (15) is connected to the arc-shaped heat absorbing reflector (2); The arc-shaped heat-absorbing reflector (2) comprises a spectrally selective reflective coating (21), tempered glass (22), a vacuum heat-collecting tube matrix (23), and a metal reflective plate (24) which are stacked in sequence from top to bottom, wherein two ends of the vacuum heat-collecting tube matrix (23) are respectively connected to the second branch water outlet pipe (12) and the second branch water inlet pipe (15); The thermoelectric collector (3) comprises a top solar panel (31), a heat collecting panel (32), and a bottom solar panel (33) which are stacked in sequence from top to bottom, wherein two ends of the heat collecting panel (32) are respectively connected to the first branch water outlet pipe (11) and the first branch water inlet pipe (14).

2. The solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system for cold region reservoir dams according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system further comprises a control box (7), a first peristaltic pump (18) and a second peristaltic pump (19); The first peristaltic pump (18) is installed on the first circulation loop, the second peristaltic pump (19) is installed on the second circulation loop, and the control box (7) is connected to the solar thermal power collection device, the energy storage device (6), the first peristaltic pump (18) and the second peristaltic pump (19).

3. The solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system for cold region reservoir dams according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hot water storage tank (8) comprises a low-temperature water tank (81), a high-temperature water tank (82) and a solenoid valve (83); the low-temperature water tank (81) and the high-temperature water tank (82) are connected via the solenoid valve (83); the low-temperature water tank (81) is connected to the first water inlet pipe, and the high-temperature water tank (82) is connected to the first water outlet pipe.

4. The solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system for cold region reservoir dams according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The radiator (9) comprises a black high heat absorption coating (91), an aluminum alloy heat dissipation plate (92), and a soft grille (93) which are stacked in sequence from top to bottom, wherein a saturated sodium acetate phase change capsule (94) is arranged in the soft grille (93).

5. A construction method, characterized in that: The construction method is applied to the solar heat and power cogeneration warming and anti-freezing system of the cold region reservoir dam according to claim 1, and the construction method comprises the following steps: Arrange a first water outlet pipe and a first water inlet pipe in the system at the bottom of a panel (30) of the dam; The radiator (9) in the system is mounted on the panel (30) of the dam close to the water level (20).

6. The construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of arranging the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe in the system at the bottom of the panel (30) of the dam comprises: According to the material of the dam, the heating area and the insulation area of ​​the dam are divided; The first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are buried in the heating zone as a heat release section; the first water outlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe are arranged in the insulation zone as an insulation section.

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