A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system and method for underground engineering

Abstract

The present application provides a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system and method for underground engineering, the system includes point monitoring modules installed on multiple first monitoring sections of the underground engineering, line monitoring modules on multiple second monitoring sections, surface monitoring modules on the face, and body monitoring modules on multiple third monitoring sections; a data analysis platform for receiving and analyzing the first characteristic information collected by the point monitoring module, the second characteristic information collected by the line monitoring module, the third characteristic information collected by the surface monitoring module, and the fourth characteristic information collected by the body monitoring module. The system provided by the present invention solves the problem that a unified system of mutually coupled monitoring means has not been formed in underground engineering and the overall situation of the engineering cannot be fully reflected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of underground engineering safety monitoring, and in particular to a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system and method for underground engineering. Background Art

[0002] A large number of highway projects and hydropower projects are being built in my country, forming a large number of underground projects. Underground projects usually encounter many challenges such as surrounding rock deformation, rock bursts, and landslides during construction, which seriously delay the construction period and affect the safety of personnel and equipment. Existing monitoring technologies mainly use "point" monitoring and "line" monitoring methods, and they are used as independent means to monitor, without achieving overall and comprehensive monitoring, so that staff cannot fully understand the status and change trends of underground projects. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground projects, so as to solve the problem that a unified system of mutually coupled monitoring means has not been formed in underground projects, and the overall situation of the project cannot be fully reflected. The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground projects, so as to realize monitoring in multiple dimensions and improve the comprehensiveness and comprehensiveness of the monitoring system.

[0004] To achieve one of the objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering, and the technical solution adopted is:

[0005] A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground projects, which is used to be installed on underground projects that need to be excavated. The system includes:

[0006] Point monitoring modules, used for installation on a plurality of first monitoring sections of the underground project;

[0007] A linear monitoring module, used for installation on a plurality of second monitoring sections of the underground project;

[0008] A surface monitoring module, used for installation on the tunnel face of the underground project;

[0009] A body monitoring module, used for being installed on a plurality of third monitoring sections of the underground project;

[0010] A data analysis platform is used to receive and analyze the first characteristic information collected by the point monitoring module, the second characteristic information collected by the line monitoring module, the third characteristic information collected by the surface monitoring module, and the fourth characteristic information collected by the body monitoring module, so as to adjust the excavation support plan of the underground project; wherein,

[0011] A plurality of the first monitoring sections and a plurality of the second monitoring sections are respectively arranged at intervals along the excavation direction of the underground engineering; and,

[0012] The plurality of third monitoring sections are respectively located in the risk area represented by the third characteristic information and in an area close to the tunnel face.

[0013] Optionally, the point monitoring module includes a plurality of multi-point displacement meters and / or a plurality of anchor stress meters; each of the multi-point displacement meters is used to collect displacement information of the underground project, and each of the anchor stress meters is used to collect stress information of the underground project, and the first characteristic information includes the displacement information and / or the stress information;

[0014] The linear monitoring module includes a plurality of acoustic wave detectors and / or a plurality of borehole panoramic digital imagers; each of the acoustic wave detectors is used to collect acoustic wave information of the underground project, and each of the borehole panoramic digital imagers is used to collect imaging information of the underground project, and the second characteristic information includes the acoustic wave information and / or the imaging information;

[0015] The surface monitoring module includes a plurality of advanced geological prediction detectors and / or a plurality of seismic imagers, each of the advanced geological prediction detectors is used to collect seismic data information of the underground project; each of the seismic imagers is used to collect seismic wave information of the underground project, and the third characteristic information includes the seismic data information and / or the seismic wave information;

[0016] The body monitoring module includes a plurality of microseismic sensors, each of which is used to collect rupture information of the underground project, and the fourth characteristic information includes the rupture information;

[0017] The seismic data information includes at least one of relative stress, water content probability, longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus and surrounding rock hazard level result map; the seismic wave information includes at least one of wave velocity distribution, three-dimensional image and abnormal area;

[0018] The rupture information includes at least one of microseismic events, magnitudes, microseismic frequencies, and microseismic waveforms.

[0019] Optionally, the underground engineering comprises isolinear engineering;

[0020] A plurality of the multi-point displacement meters are arranged on the side walls, top arch and spandrels on both sides of each first monitoring section of the isolinear engineering, and each anchor stress meter is arranged between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters on each first monitoring section;

[0021] A plurality of the acoustic wave detectors and a plurality of the drilling panoramic digital imagers are respectively arranged on the side walls and the top arch of each of the second monitoring sections of the isolinear engineering;

[0022] A plurality of said advanced geological prediction detector arrays are arranged on said tunnel face of said isolinear engineering, and source excitation points are arranged between two adjacent said advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of said advanced geological prediction detector arrays;

[0023] The plurality of microseismic sensors are arranged on the side walls on both sides of each third monitoring section of the isolinear project and are located at different heights on the plurality of third monitoring sections.

[0024] Optionally, the underground engineering includes high side wall engineering;

[0025] A plurality of the multi-point displacement meters are arranged on the side walls, top arch and spandrels on both sides of each first monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, and on the side walls on both sides of each first monitoring section of each layer except the first layer; each anchor stress meter is arranged between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters on each first monitoring section;

[0026] A plurality of the acoustic wave detectors and a plurality of the drilling panoramic digital imagers are respectively arranged on the side walls and top arch of each second monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, and on the side walls of each second monitoring section of each layer except the first layer;

[0027] A plurality of said advanced geological prediction detector arrays are arranged on the said tunnel face of said high side wall project, and source excitation points are arranged between two adjacent said advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of said advanced geological prediction detector arrays; and a plurality of said seismic imagers are arranged in the first layer of said high side wall project in the area corresponding to the bottom of the side walls on both sides;

[0028] The plurality of microseismic sensors are dispersedly arranged in different areas of the third monitoring section of at least two layers of the high side wall project.

[0029] To achieve the second objective, the second aspect of the present invention provides a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering, the technical solution adopted is:

[0030] A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering, the method is implemented by relying on the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering provided by the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising:

[0031] Select the underground project that needs to be excavated and excavate to obtain the tunnel face;

[0032] A plurality of first monitoring sections and a plurality of second monitoring sections are set at intervals along the excavation direction of the underground project;

[0033] The point monitoring modules are installed on the plurality of the first monitoring sections to collect the first characteristic information of the underground project;

[0034] The linear monitoring module is installed on the plurality of the second monitoring sections to collect the second characteristic information of the underground project;

[0035] The surface monitoring module is installed on the tunnel face to collect the third characteristic information of the underground engineering;

[0036] Based on the third characteristic information, determining a risk area of ​​the underground project;

[0037] According to the positions of the risk area and the tunnel face, setting a plurality of third monitoring sections of the underground engineering;

[0038] The body monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the third monitoring sections to collect fourth characteristic information of the underground project;

[0039] The data analysis platform receives and analyzes the first characteristic information, the second characteristic information, the third characteristic information and the fourth characteristic information to adjust the excavation and support plan of the underground project.

[0040] Optionally, the point monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the first monitoring sections to collect the first characteristic information of the underground engineering, including:

[0041] A plurality of multi-point displacement meters and / or a plurality of anchor stress meters are installed on a plurality of the first monitoring sections to collect displacement information and / or stress information of the underground engineering; wherein,

[0042] The linear monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the second monitoring sections to collect the second characteristic information of the underground project, including:

[0043] A plurality of acoustic wave detectors and / or a plurality of drilling panoramic digital imagers are installed on a plurality of the second monitoring sections to collect acoustic wave information and / or imaging information of the underground engineering; wherein,

[0044] The surface monitoring module is installed on the tunnel face to collect the third characteristic information of the underground engineering, including:

[0045] A plurality of advanced geological prediction detectors are installed on the tunnel face, and the seismic sources are stimulated point by point in a preset order at the seismic source excitation points to collect seismic data information of the underground project; the seismic data information includes at least one of relative stress, water content probability, longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus and surrounding rock hazard level result map; and / or, a plurality of seismic imagers are installed on the tunnel face to collect seismic data information and / or seismic wave information of the underground project; the seismic wave information includes at least one of wave velocity distribution, three-dimensional image and abnormal area; wherein,

[0046] The body monitoring module is installed on the plurality of the third monitoring sections to collect fourth characteristic information of the underground project, including:

[0047] A plurality of microseismic sensors are installed on the third monitoring section to collect rupture information of the underground project; the rupture information includes at least one of microseismic events, magnitudes, microseismic frequencies and microseismic waveforms.

[0048] Optionally, the underground engineering comprises isolinear engineering;

[0049] The point monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the first monitoring sections, and includes:

[0050] Punch holes on the side walls, top arch and spandrels on both sides of each first monitoring section of the isolinear project to form a plurality of mounting holes, install a plurality of the multi-point displacement meters in some of the mounting holes, and install the anchor stress meter in the mounting hole between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters;

[0051] The linear monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the second monitoring sections, and includes:

[0052] Punching holes on the side walls and the top arch of each second monitoring section of the isolinear project to form a plurality of detection holes, and respectively arranging a plurality of the acoustic wave detectors and a plurality of the drilling panoramic digital imagers in the plurality of the detection holes;

[0053] The surface monitoring module is installed on the tunnel face and includes:

[0054] A plurality of detection holes are formed by drilling holes in the tunnel face array of the isolinear engineering, the advanced geological prediction detector is arranged in each detection hole, and a source excitation point is set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector array;

[0055] The body monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the third monitoring sections, and includes:

[0056] A plurality of fixing holes are formed by drilling holes at different heights on the side walls of each third monitoring section of the isolinear project, and the microseismic sensor is installed in each fixing hole by means of a resin anchor.

[0057] Optionally, the underground engineering includes high side wall engineering;

[0058] The point monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the first monitoring sections, and includes:

[0059] A plurality of mounting holes are formed by drilling holes on the side walls, top arch and side spans of each first monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, and on the side walls of each first monitoring section of each layer except the first layer, a plurality of the multi-point displacement meters are installed in some of the mounting holes, and the anchor stress meter is installed in the mounting hole between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters;

[0060] The linear monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the second monitoring sections, and includes:

[0061] A plurality of detection holes are formed by drilling holes on the side walls and top arch of each second monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, and on the side walls of each second monitoring section of each layer except the first layer, and a plurality of the acoustic wave detectors and a plurality of the drilling panoramic digital imagers are respectively arranged in the plurality of the detection holes;

[0062] The surface monitoring module is installed on the tunnel face and includes:

[0063] A plurality of detector holes are formed by drilling holes in the array of the tunnel face of the high sidewall project, the advanced geological prediction detector is arranged in each of the detector holes, and a source excitation point is set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector array; and imaging holes are formed by vertically drilling holes in the first layer of the high sidewall project corresponding to the bottom of the sidewalls on both sides, and the seismic imager is arranged in each of the imaging holes;

[0064] The body monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the third monitoring sections, and includes:

[0065] A plurality of fixing holes are respectively punched in different areas of the third monitoring section of at least two layers of the high side wall project, and the microseismic sensor is installed in each of the fixing holes by means of a resin anchor.

[0066] Optionally, the body monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the third monitoring sections, and further comprises:

[0067] According to the position of the current tunnel face, a target monitoring section close to the current tunnel face is set;

[0068] Transferring the microseismic sensor on a third monitoring section far away from the tunnel face among the plurality of third monitoring sections to the target monitoring section;

[0069] When the target monitoring section is located outside the risk area, the body monitoring module is additionally arranged around the rock mass located in the risk area.

[0070] Optionally, the setting of a plurality of first monitoring sections and a plurality of second monitoring sections at intervals along the excavation direction of the underground engineering comprises:

[0071] Obtaining the surrounding rock quality grade of the underground project through preliminary geological exploration technology;

[0072] According to the surrounding rock quality grade, the interval distance of the corresponding monitoring section is set;

[0073] According to the interval distance, setting a plurality of the first monitoring sections and a plurality of the second monitoring sections;

[0074] The data analysis platform receives and analyzes the first feature information, the second feature information, the third feature information, and the fourth feature information, including:

[0075] According to multiple preset monitoring time periods, the first characteristic information, the second characteristic information, the third characteristic information and the fourth characteristic information corresponding to each of the preset monitoring time periods are recorded, and the recorded information is transmitted to the data analysis platform.

[0076] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following significant improvements:

[0077] The system of the embodiment of the present invention couples the four monitoring methods of "point", "line", "surface" and "volume", collects and analyzes data of each dimension in real time in multiple dimensions, covers all information from point to line, surface, and three-dimensional solid, provides comprehensive monitoring from local to overall, from surface to internal, and provides the most comprehensive monitoring data. The monitoring data of different dimensions helps to have a more comprehensive understanding of the status and changing trends of underground projects.

[0078] In the system of the embodiment of the present invention, the four monitoring means influence and complement each other during the monitoring process, providing more accurate and reliable analysis results and more continuous panoramic monitoring data, thereby forming an efficient, integrated multi-dimensional monitoring system. The data collected from multiple dimensions can verify each other and provide more comprehensive underground engineering status information, thereby improving the accuracy of early warning and risk assessment.

[0079] In the method of the embodiment of the present invention, four monitoring means are installed on the underground project to complement each other, covering various key areas of the underground project, from points, lines, surfaces to volumes, realizing spatial analysis at different scales from micro to macro, and realizing comprehensive monitoring in time and space, which is helpful to deeply understand the geological and engineering behavior of the underground project.

[0080] In summary, the system and method provided by the embodiments of the present invention can provide multi-level and multi-angle monitoring information, which can not only identify potential risks earlier, but also provide strong support for the safety management of underground projects, thereby optimizing the excavation support plan and improving the safety and stability of underground project excavation. In practical applications, it provides a more comprehensive, accurate and reliable underground project monitoring solution than independent monitoring methods, and improves the comprehensive level of underground project survey, design, scientific research and construction technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0081] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0082] Figure 1 It is a system framework diagram of the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0083] Figure 2 It is a principle block diagram of the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0084] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of the steps of the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0085] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first monitoring section and the point monitoring module of the isolinear engineering according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0086] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first monitoring section and the point monitoring module of the high side wall project described in one embodiment of the present application;

[0087] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second monitoring section of the isolinear engineering described in one embodiment of the present application before the linear monitoring module is assembled;

[0088] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second monitoring section of the high side wall project described in one embodiment of the present application before the linear monitoring module is assembled;

[0089] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the tunnel face and the advanced geological prediction detector according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0090] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the excavation bottom plate and the seismic imaging device of the high side wall project described in one embodiment of the present application;

[0091] Fig.10 is an assembly principle diagram of the microseismic sensor described in one embodiment of the present application;

[0092] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of microseismic sensors of a high side wall project relative to the risk area described in one embodiment of the present application.

[0093] Description of reference numerals:

[0094] 01. First monitoring section; 02. Second monitoring section; 03. Work face; 04. Third monitoring section; 05. Risk area; 1. Point monitoring module; 21. Detection hole; 31. Advanced geological prediction detector; 311. Source excitation point; 32. Seismic imager; 4. Microseismic sensor; 5. Upper drainage corridor; 6. Middle drainage corridor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0096] It should be noted that the various monitoring methods today not only monitor the stress or displacement of a specific point, but also have limited information and cannot fully reflect the overall situation. The biggest shortcoming is that the various monitoring methods usually operate independently and are unrelated to each other. There are many types of monitoring methods but they are not coupled, and they cannot provide continuous monitoring data. Therefore, when the data collected by a single monitoring method changes, the force changes or rock stratum geological changes have already occurred inside the rock mass. Even if other monitoring methods are combined to continue monitoring, it can only monitor the macro damage that has already occurred, and it is impossible to achieve wide-area early warning before the macro damage occurs and take countermeasures in advance. At the same time, each monitoring method has great limitations in both time and space.

[0097] Therefore, in the process of underground engineering excavation and support, it is necessary to provide more dynamic, real-time, accurate and comprehensive monitoring services to obtain a comprehensive and coherent picture of the status of underground engineering and improve the accuracy of wide-area early warning and risk assessment. Figure 1 and Figure 2, Figure 1 The system framework diagram of the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 The principle block diagram of the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering of the present invention is shown.

[0098] First, as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering, which is used to be assembled on underground engineering that needs to be excavated. The system includes: a point monitoring module 1, which is used to be installed on multiple first monitoring sections 01 of the underground engineering; a line monitoring module, which is used to be installed on multiple second monitoring sections 02 of the underground engineering; a surface monitoring module, which is used to be installed on the tunnel face 03 of the underground engineering; a body monitoring module, which is used to be installed on multiple third monitoring sections 04 of the underground engineering; a data analysis platform, which is used to receive and analyze the first characteristic information collected by the point monitoring module 1, the second characteristic information collected by the line monitoring module, the third characteristic information collected by the surface monitoring module, and the fourth characteristic information collected by the body monitoring module, so as to adjust the excavation and support plan of the underground engineering; wherein the multiple first monitoring sections 01 and the multiple second monitoring sections 02 are respectively arranged at intervals along the direction of excavation of the underground engineering; and the multiple third monitoring sections 04 are respectively located in the risk area 05 represented by the third characteristic information, and in the area close to the tunnel face 03.

[0099] Specifically, the system includes four monitoring modules. The point monitoring module 1 can monitor parameter changes at a key position at a specific point, such as displacement deformation and stress changes. The line monitoring module can perform continuous or intermittent monitoring along a line or path to capture changes in geological features along the line. The surface monitoring module can be understood as being able to monitor parameter changes in the entire plane area. The solid monitoring module can be understood as being able to monitor within a three-dimensional space and provide three-dimensional seismic activity data. The four monitoring methods are carried out simultaneously, and can capture changes in different dimensions in real time, jointly covering all key geological information from point areas, line areas, surface areas to three-dimensional space, and providing comprehensive monitoring data.

[0100] The monitoring section of an underground project refers to a series of cross sections arranged in parallel along the excavation direction during the excavation of the project. Preferably, monitoring sections are set in key areas or key positions in the underground project along the excavation direction of the underground project, and monitoring modules (such as point monitoring modules 1, line monitoring modules, and body monitoring modules) are installed on each monitoring section to monitor the monitoring data of key positions. The face 03 refers to the working face at the front end during the excavation process. A surface monitoring module is set on the face 03 to understand the geological conditions of the area to be excavated.

[0101] Specifically, the data analysis platform can aggregate data collected from different monitoring methods, analyze and process them, provide real-time warning functions, and promptly detect and respond to geological anomalies during construction so that staff can adjust the excavation and support plans for underground projects.

[0102] As a specific description of this embodiment, the first characteristic information, the second characteristic information, the third characteristic information and the fourth characteristic information can be transmitted to the data analysis platform by wire or wireless means, so that the data analysis platform can receive and process them, and store them in the database of the data analysis platform. In some embodiments, regular on-site inspections can be carried out to record the readings of the corresponding monitoring modules manually or using electronic devices, and the recorded readings can be manually input or the four characteristic information can be input into the data analysis platform by other means. In some embodiments, the four monitoring modules can collect and record data in a combination of automatic collection and manual recording.

[0103] As a further explanation of this embodiment, when the data carried in the third characteristic information is abnormal, the risk area 05 in the excavation process can be determined. After the risk area 05 is identified through the surface monitoring, the body monitoring module is deployed in a targeted manner to respond quickly, ensuring that the key areas are monitored in a targeted and effective manner.

[0104] In this way, the four monitoring modules are installed at different key parts of the underground project to achieve comprehensive monitoring in space. Different monitoring methods can capture information from different aspects of the underground project. After coupling with each other, they can complement information gaps and provide a more comprehensive monitoring result. The four monitoring modules jointly obtain parameter changes of underground projects in real time, obtain real-time feature information, provide more continuous monitoring data, and solve the time delay and spatial limitations caused by independent monitoring methods.

[0105] In addition, the multi-dimensional unified system formed by coupling multiple monitoring methods can optimize the allocation of monitoring resources and improve monitoring efficiency according to their respective monitoring results. For example, the body monitoring module can be deployed to the risk area 05 monitored by the surface monitoring module.

[0106] Therefore, the multi-dimensional unified system can provide the most comprehensive monitoring data, covering all information from specific points to lines, surfaces, and three-dimensional solids, providing comprehensive monitoring from local to overall, from surface to internal, and can monitor the safety status of underground projects from different angles and scales. It helps to more deeply explain the geological and engineering behavior of underground projects and optimize the excavation and support plans of underground projects.

[0107] In some preferred embodiments, the point monitoring module 1 includes a plurality of multi-point displacement meters and / or a plurality of anchor stress meters. The first characteristic information obtained by the multi-point displacement meter is displacement information, and finally the internal deformation of the surrounding rock during the excavation and unloading disturbance of the underground project is obtained. The first characteristic information obtained by the anchor stress meter is stress information, and finally the internal stress change characteristics of the surrounding rock during the excavation and unloading disturbance of the underground project are obtained.

[0108] In some embodiments, multiple multi-point displacement meters are installed in the first monitoring section 01 of the underground project; in some embodiments, multiple anchor stress meters are installed in the first monitoring section 01 of the underground project; in some embodiments, multiple multi-point displacement meters and multiple anchor stress meters are installed in the first monitoring section 01 of the underground project to reveal the internal deformation and stress change characteristics during the excavation unloading process.

[0109] In some preferred embodiments, the linear monitoring module includes multiple acoustic wave detectors and / or multiple borehole panoramic digital imagers. The second characteristic information collected by the acoustic wave detector is the acoustic wave information. Specifically, the acoustic wave information includes acoustic wave velocity and acoustic wave attenuation. The acquired acoustic wave information can ultimately provide the quality of the surrounding rock mass, the depth of influence of unloading relaxation, and whether the rock mass has reached stability. The borehole panoramic digital imager allows for visual inspection underground. By installing a camera in the borehole, the underground rock formations are directly observed to obtain imaging information. The second characteristic information may include imaging information. Specifically, the imaging information includes rock formation images, cracks, pores, and fault information, and ultimately the distribution range of the rock mass broken segments is obtained.

[0110] In some embodiments, multiple acoustic wave detectors are installed in the second monitoring section 02 of the underground project; in some embodiments, multiple borehole panoramic digital imagers are installed in the second monitoring section 02 of the underground project; in some embodiments, multiple acoustic wave detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imagers are installed in the second monitoring section 02 of the underground project to monitor the rock quality, unloading relaxation influence depth and broken zone range.

[0111] In some preferred embodiments, the surface monitoring module includes a plurality of advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and / or a plurality of seismic imagers 32. Under the action of the source exciter, the third characteristic information collected by the advanced geological prediction detector 31 is seismic data information. Specifically, the seismic data information includes at least one of relative stress, water probability, longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus and surrounding rock hazard level result map. The seismic imager 32 is a seismic imaging technology that uses the speed and path of seismic waves propagating underground to obtain seismic wave information, and the third characteristic information may include seismic wave information. Specifically, the seismic wave information includes wave velocity distribution, seismic wave velocity, three-dimensional image and abnormal area (fault, crack, cavity, aquifer, etc.), which is used to identify underground abnormal bodies and geological structures.

[0112] In some embodiments, multiple advanced geological prediction detectors 31 are installed at the tunnel face 03 of the underground project; in some embodiments, multiple seismic imagers 32 are installed at the tunnel face 03 of the underground project; in some embodiments, multiple advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and multiple seismic imagers 32 are installed at the tunnel face 03 of the underground project to estimate the surrounding rock risk area 05 and provide a reference for subsequent excavation support adjustment and monitoring arrangement.

[0113] In some preferred embodiments, the body monitoring module includes a plurality of microseismic sensors 4. The fourth characteristic information collected by microseismic monitoring is rupture information. Specifically, the rupture information includes at least one of microseismic events, magnitudes, microseismic frequencies, and microseismic waveforms, to achieve risk warning.

[0114] It can be known that underground projects can usually be divided into two types according to their spatial form and construction methods, such as equal linear projects and high side wall projects. Among them, the length of equal linear projects is much greater than the width and height, and the excavation is continued along its length during the construction process. High side wall projects usually have larger spaces and higher side walls, and they will be excavated and supported in layers during the construction process. In response to this:

[0115] For the isolinear engineering, multiple multi-point displacement meters are arranged on the side walls, top arch and side shoulders of each first monitoring section 01 of the isolinear engineering, and each anchor stress meter is arranged between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters on each first monitoring section 01; multiple acoustic wave detectors and multiple drilling panoramic digital imagers are respectively arranged on the side walls and top arch of each second monitoring section 02 of the isolinear engineering; multiple arrays of advanced geological prediction detectors 31 are arranged on the face 03 of the isolinear engineering, and source excitation points 311 are set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and on the edge of the array of advanced geological prediction detectors 31; multiple microseismic sensors 4 are arranged on the side walls on both sides of each third monitoring section 04 of the isolinear engineering, and are located at different heights on multiple third monitoring sections 04.

[0116] For high side wall projects, multiple multi-point displacement meters are arranged on the side walls, top arch and spandrels on both sides of each first monitoring section 01 of the first layer of the high side wall project, as well as on the side walls on both sides of each first monitoring section 01 of each layer except the first layer; each anchor stress meter is arranged between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters on each first monitoring section 01; multiple acoustic wave detectors and multiple drilling panoramic digital imagers are respectively arranged on the side walls and top arch of each second monitoring section 02 of the first layer of the high side wall project, as well as on each layer except the first layer. on both side walls of each second monitoring section 02; an array of multiple advanced geological prediction detectors 31 is arranged on the heading face 03 of the high side wall project, and source excitation points 311 are set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and on the edge of the array of advanced geological prediction detectors 31; and multiple seismic imagers 32 are arranged in the first layer of the high side wall project corresponding to the bottom area of ​​the side walls on both sides; multiple microseismic sensors 4 are dispersed in different areas of the third monitoring section 04 of at least two layers of the high side wall project to form a three-dimensional monitoring.

[0117] Among them, more descriptions of the monitoring modes of the four monitoring modules in the isolinear engineering and high side wall engineering can be more comprehensively known in the following method embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention will not elaborate on this.

[0118] In combination with the above embodiments, the monitoring system provided in the embodiments of the present application has many significant improvements. Based on the same inventive concept, in the second aspect, the present invention also provides a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The flowchart of the method for multi-dimensional integrated monitoring of underground engineering of the present invention is shown. The method relies on the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering provided by the first aspect of the present invention to implement. The method includes the following steps:

[0119] S1. Select the underground project to be excavated and excavate to obtain the tunnel face 03;

[0120] Among them, underground projects can include the above-mentioned linear projects and high-side wall projects. Specifically, linear projects can include underground projects such as tunnels, roads, railways, canals, pipelines, etc., and high-side wall projects can include underground commercial complexes, underground storage facilities, integrated pipe galleries, underground powerhouses of hydropower stations, etc. Figure 2 As shown, after selecting a specific project type, the underground project is started, and preliminary excavation is performed to form a tunnel face 03. A surface monitoring module is deployed on the tunnel face 03, and point monitoring modules 1 and line monitoring modules are deployed as the excavation progresses. In addition, a body monitoring module is deployed according to the risk area 05 estimated by the surface monitoring.

[0121] S2, setting a plurality of first monitoring sections 01 and a plurality of second monitoring sections 02 at intervals along the direction of underground engineering excavation;

[0122] Specifically, before the project starts, a detailed geological survey is conducted, and the interval distance of the corresponding monitoring section is set according to the surrounding rock quality grade obtained from the previous geological survey. The worse the surrounding rock quality, the shorter the interval of the monitoring section to ensure that problems can be discovered in time. For example, in general, the interval is 20m-50m, 50m for good surrounding rock quality and 20m for poor surrounding rock quality.

[0123] S3, the point monitoring module 1 is installed on multiple first monitoring sections 01 to collect first characteristic information of the underground project;

[0124] Specifically, a plurality of multi-point displacement meters and / or a plurality of anchor stress meters are installed on a plurality of first monitoring sections 01 to collect displacement information and / or stress information of the underground engineering.

[0125] S4, the linear monitoring module is installed on multiple second monitoring sections 02 to collect second characteristic information of the underground project;

[0126] Specifically, a plurality of acoustic wave detectors and / or a plurality of drilling panoramic digital imagers are installed on a plurality of second monitoring sections 02 to collect acoustic wave information and / or imaging information of the underground engineering.

[0127] S5, the surface monitoring module is installed on the tunnel face 03 to collect the third characteristic information of the underground engineering;

[0128] Specifically, a plurality of advanced geological prediction detectors 31 are installed on the tunnel face 03, and the seismic sources are stimulated point by point at the seismic source excitation point 311 according to a preset order to collect seismic data information of the underground project; and / or, a plurality of seismic imagers 32 are installed on the tunnel face 03 to collect seismic data information and / or seismic wave information of the underground project.

[0129] S6. Determine the risk area 05 of the underground project based on the third characteristic information;

[0130] In the face monitoring method, the geological conditions in front of the tunnel face 03 are evaluated by geological prediction technology to determine the area with potential geological disaster risks. By analyzing the seismic data information, the risk area 05 within 100m in front of the tunnel face 03 can be determined. For example, when the relative stress is high, the probability of water content is high, the wave velocity is abnormal, the rock mechanics parameters are abnormal, or the surrounding rock hazard level is high, it can be determined that there is a risk area 05, which provides a reference for subsequent excavation support adjustment and monitoring layout.

[0131] The risk area 05 is monitored by means of surface monitoring. If the indicators collected by the point monitoring module 1 and the line monitoring module are normal, it means that the surrounding rock tends to be stable. If the indicators are abnormal, the monitoring frequency of the point monitoring module 1 and the line monitoring module, or the monitoring frequency of the microseismic sensor 4, can be increased in the risk area 05.

[0132] S7, setting a plurality of third monitoring sections 04 of the underground project according to the positions of the risk area 05 and the tunnel face 03;

[0133] S8, installing the body monitoring module on multiple third monitoring sections 04 to collect fourth characteristic information of the underground project;

[0134] Specifically, multiple microseismic sensors 4 are installed on the third monitoring section 04 to collect fracture information of underground engineering. Among them, the body monitoring module can continuously capture microfracture events inside the rock mass, and issue an early warning if abnormal conditions such as microfracture event aggregation, sudden increase in magnitude, sudden increase in energy, and sudden drop in b value occur, and adjust the excavation support plan.

[0135] S9. The data analysis platform receives and analyzes the first characteristic information, the second characteristic information, the third characteristic information and the fourth characteristic information to adjust the excavation and support plan of the underground project.

[0136] Specifically, according to a plurality of preset monitoring durations, the first characteristic information, the second characteristic information, the third characteristic information and the fourth characteristic information corresponding to each preset monitoring duration are recorded, and the recorded information is transmitted to the data analysis platform. For example, for the point monitoring module 1, after installation, as the excavation proceeds, data is recorded every few days. The monitoring duration of the linear monitoring module, the surface monitoring module and the body monitoring module may be the same as or different from the monitoring duration of the point monitoring module 1, or monitoring may be started on the same day. Among them, the monitoring means and monitoring frequency can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific needs of the project and the geological conditions.

[0137] In summary, compared with a single dimension or multiple uncoupled monitoring methods, coupling multiple monitoring methods to achieve monitoring in multiple dimensions can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the status and changing trends of underground projects, which is more comprehensive, accurate and reliable in time and space, and realizes safe dynamic management and control of the underground project excavation process.

[0138] The first monitoring section 01 and the second monitoring section 02 may be the same monitoring section. Preferably, the first monitoring section 01 and the second monitoring section 02 are arranged alternately, and the interval distance can be flexibly adjusted.

[0139] For isolinear engineering, see Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 , Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first monitoring section and the point monitoring module of the isolinear engineering; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure before the second monitoring section and the linear monitoring module of the isolinear engineering are assembled; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the tunnel face and the advanced geological prediction detector.

[0140] As a further illustration of this embodiment, step S3 further includes:

[0141] S31. Drill holes on the side walls, top arch and shoulders on both sides of each first monitoring section 01 of the linear engineering to form multiple installation holes, install multiple multi-point displacement meters in some of the installation holes, and install anchor stress meters in the installation holes between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters.

[0142] In this embodiment, the multi-point displacement meter and the anchor stress meter are installed at different positions on the same monitoring section, and there is a distance between them, which can ensure that the collected data is consistent in space and time, facilitate the analysis of the relationship between the data, and optimize the monitoring effect. In each first monitoring section 01, the multi-point displacement meter can be arranged on the side walls, top arch and spandrels on both sides of the tunnel, and the anchor stress meter can be arranged on the side of these positions, maintaining a certain interval to avoid mutual interference during drilling, and comprehensively monitor the deformation and stress conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock at different parts. And in the equal linear engineering, point monitoring modules 1 are arranged in multiple first monitoring sections 01 along its length direction to obtain multi-point data along the tunnel axis, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0143] Specifically, a hole is drilled at a designated location of each first monitoring section 01, and the hole depth and hole diameter are determined according to the specifications and monitoring requirements of the multi-point displacement meter and anchor stress meter. The multi-point displacement meter and anchor stress meter are placed in the borehole to ensure close contact with the surrounding rock.

[0144] Furthermore, step S4 further comprises:

[0145] S41, a plurality of detection holes 21 are formed by drilling holes on the side walls and the top arch of each second monitoring section 02 of the linear engineering, and a plurality of acoustic wave detectors and a plurality of drilling panoramic digital imagers are respectively arranged in the plurality of detection holes 21.

[0146] In this embodiment, the detection hole 21 of the acoustic wave detector and the borehole panoramic digital imager can be shared, and the acoustic wave detector and the borehole panoramic digital imager are installed respectively according to the position of the detection hole 21. Or for the same detection hole 21, the acoustic wave detector is inserted after the installation and detection of the borehole panoramic digital imager is completed. Or when it is necessary to adjust the monitoring quantity of the acoustic wave detector and the borehole panoramic digital imager, some of the acoustic wave detectors / borehole panoramic digital imagers can be removed, and the newly added borehole panoramic digital imager / acoustic wave detector can be installed in the vacant detection hole 21.

[0147] In addition, sharing the detection holes 21 on the same second monitoring section 02 can reduce the number of drilling holes, reduce disturbance to the rock mass, reduce damage and risks, and can concentrate construction during the drilling process, reducing the time and cost of deploying and removing equipment and improving construction efficiency.

[0148] Furthermore, step S5 further includes:

[0149] S51, a plurality of detection holes are formed by drilling an array in the tunnel face 03 of the equal linear engineering, an advanced geological prediction detector 31 is arranged in each detection hole, and a source excitation point 311 is set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector 31 array.

[0150] In the isolinear project, since the project mainly extends along the axis direction and is mainly faced with changes in the geological conditions in front, the advanced geological prediction detector 31 in the surface monitoring method can be used to effectively predict the geological conditions in front of the tunnel face 03.

[0151] Furthermore, step S8 further includes:

[0152] S81. Drill holes at different heights on the side walls of each third monitoring section 04 of the isolinear project to form a plurality of fixing holes, and install a microseismic sensor 4 in each fixing hole through a resin anchor.

[0153] In this embodiment, if Fig.10 This is the assembly schematic diagram of the microseismic sensor, where Fig.10 a in the equation represents the distribution pattern of the microseismic sensors in the normal view when the tunnel face is not advanced; Fig.10 b in the equation represents the distribution pattern of the microseismic sensors in the side view when the tunnel face is not advanced; Fig.10The c in the figure represents the moving state of the microseismic sensor under direct view during the advancement of the tunnel face. Since the vibration signals of the surrounding rock in different height directions are different, the microseismic sensors 4 are arranged at different elevations of the left and right side walls in this embodiment to cover a wider spatial range, collect the fracture information of the surrounding rock at different depths in three-dimensional space, and capture the micro-dynamic changes of the underground structure that are not uniform at different positions. This avoids the situation where the signals collected at the same height cannot accurately reflect the differences of the underground structure at different heights, and gives full play to the effect of three-dimensional monitoring.

[0154] Furthermore, step S8 further includes:

[0155] S82, according to the position of the current tunnel face 03, setting a target monitoring section close to the current tunnel face 03;

[0156] S83, transferring the microseismic sensor 4 on the third monitoring section 04 far away from the tunnel face 03 among the plurality of third monitoring sections 04 to the target monitoring section;

[0157] S84. When the target monitoring section is located outside the risk area 05, a body monitoring module is added around the rock mass located in the risk area 05.

[0158] In this embodiment, continue to refer to Fig.10 In c, since the length of the tunnel project is very long, in the length direction, as the tunnel face 03 advances, the present embodiment can continuously adjust the position of the microseismic sensor 4, gradually approaching the risk area 05 obtained by the surface monitoring module, and finally all the microseismic sensors 4 are located in the risk area 05, ensuring that the monitoring coverage is always within the key area. If the tunnel face 03 continues to advance, the risk area 05 will be out of the monitoring range as the microseismic sensor 4 continues to move forward. If the rock mass in the risk area 05 is not stable, another microseismic monitoring system is deployed around the risk area 05 to monitor the development of microfractures in the rock mass inside the risk area 05.

[0159] It can be understood that for the latest tunnel face 03 after advancement, the surface monitoring module can continue to be deployed on the current tunnel face 03 to predict the geological conditions in front of the current tunnel face 03 and obtain the latest risk area 05. As the tunnel face 03 continues to advance, all the microseismic sensors 4 are eventually located in the latest risk area 05.

[0160] Exemplarily, if the underground project is a linear project such as a tunnel, the embodiments of the present invention are fully described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0161] Embodiment 1:

[0162] A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering, the method comprising the following steps:

[0163] S101. Install point monitoring module 1, introduce multi-point displacement meters, and install first monitoring sections 01 every 20m-50m according to the surrounding rock quality grade obtained from the previous geological exploration. A set of multi-point displacement meters is installed on the side walls, top arch and spandrels on both sides of each first monitoring section 01. After installation, as excavation proceeds, data is recorded every 1d-7d (the monitoring frequency is increased when the displacement changes greatly) to observe the internal deformation of the surrounding rock of the underground project during the excavation unloading disturbance process.

[0164] Anchor stress gauges were introduced, and the selection of monitoring sections was consistent with the selection principle of multi-point displacement gauges. They were located on the same first monitoring section 01 and kept 1m apart horizontally from the multi-point displacement gauges to avoid any impact during installation and drilling. After installation, data was recorded every 1-7 days as excavation progressed to observe the internal stress change characteristics of the surrounding rock during the excavation unloading disturbance of underground projects.

[0165] S102. Lay out a linear monitoring module and use an acoustic wave detector. A second monitoring section 02 is laid out every 30m-100m. Three detection holes 21 are set at the top arch and the side walls on both sides of each second monitoring section 02. The hole diameter is 90mm and the hole depth is 9m-16m. After the hole is drilled, rock acoustic wave detection is carried out every 2d-7d (the detection frequency is high in the early stage, and the frequency is reduced after the surrounding rock is stable in the later stage) to monitor the quality of the surrounding rock mass and the influence depth of unloading relaxation and whether the rock mass has reached stability.

[0166] A panoramic digital imaging device for boreholes is introduced to comprehensively interpret the integrity of the rock mass and the development of fractures. The boreholes used by the borehole and the acoustic wave detector are shared, and the acquisition frequency is the same as the acoustic wave detection frequency. After each detection, the distribution range of the rock mass broken sections is obtained.

[0167] S103. Surface monitoring modules are deployed, and advanced geological prediction technology is introduced to perform geological prediction in front of the tunnel face 03. Eight detection holes are deployed on the tunnel face 03, with two or three rows above and below. The bottom row is at a distance from the bottom of the tunnel face 03. According to the height of the tunnel, the interval between two detection holes in each row is 2m, and there are four holes in each row, which are roughly evenly distributed according to the width of the tunnel. Advanced geological prediction detectors 31 are placed in the detection holes. The placement direction of the advanced geological prediction detectors 31 is parallel to the horizontal axis of the tunnel and perpendicular to the tunnel face 03. Source excitation points 311 are arranged in the middle of the two detection holes and at the two edges of each row of detection holes. The hammer source is excited point by point according to the initial sequence, providing a reference for subsequent excavation support adjustment and monitoring arrangement.

[0168] S104. Deploy body monitoring modules and introduce microseismic monitoring methods. Take the 20 m before and after the tunnel face 03 and the risk area 05 monitored by the surface monitoring module as key monitoring areas. Arrange three third monitoring sections 04 at 30 m, 50 m, and 70 m behind the tunnel face 03. Two microseismic sensors 4 are arranged at different elevations on the left and right side walls of each third monitoring section 04. A total of six microseismic sensors 4 monitor the 20 m range before and after the tunnel face 03. When the tunnel face 03 advances 20 m forward, the two sensors on the third monitoring section 04 farthest from the tunnel face 03 are moved to 30 m behind the tunnel face 03, and this cycle repeats.

[0169] As the tunnel face 03 advances, the risk area 05 monitored by the surface monitoring module will gradually enter the monitoring range. If the tunnel face 03 continues to advance and the microseismic sensor 4 continues to move forward, the risk area 05 is outside the monitoring range and the rock mass in the risk area 05 is not stable at this time, a microseismic monitoring system is deployed around the risk area 05 to monitor the micro-fracture information of the rock mass in the risk area 05 until the rock mass in the risk area 05 is stabilized and then the microseismic monitoring system is removed.

[0170] For high sidewall projects, see Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 , Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the first monitoring section and the assembly of the point monitoring module of the high side wall project; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second monitoring section of the high side wall project before the linear monitoring module is assembled; Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the excavation base plate and seismic imaging instrument for the high side wall project.

[0171] As a further illustration of this embodiment, step S3 further includes:

[0172] S32. A plurality of mounting holes are formed by drilling holes on the side walls, top arch and side shoulders of each first monitoring section 01 of the first layer of the high side wall project, as well as on the side walls of each first monitoring section 01 of each layer except the first layer, and a plurality of the multi-point displacement meters are installed in some of the mounting holes, and an anchor stress meter is installed in the mounting hole between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters.

[0173] In this embodiment, the high side wall engineering space structure is complex, and multiple layers of excavation form a multi-layer spatial three-dimensional structure. In the multi-layer spatial three-dimensional structure, each layer of the spatial three-dimensional structure is excavated along its axial direction to form a layer of spatial three-dimensional structure. When one layer of spatial three-dimensional structure is formed, the next layer of spatial three-dimensional structure is excavated along the height direction, and finally each layer of spatial three-dimensional structure overlaps in the height direction. Except that the structure of the first layer of spatial three-dimensional structure (referred to as the first layer) is slightly different, the structures of the remaining layers of spatial three-dimensional structures (referred to as each layer) are the same. Specifically, the first layer includes side walls on both sides, a top arch and spandrels on both sides, and each layer below the first layer includes side walls on both sides.

[0174] For each layer, the characteristic structure of installing the multi-point displacement meter and the anchor stress meter on the first monitoring section 01 can refer to step S31, and this embodiment will not be described in detail.

[0175] Furthermore, step S4 further comprises:

[0176] S42. A plurality of detection holes 21 are formed by drilling holes on the side walls and top arch of each second monitoring section 02 of the first layer of the high side wall project, and on the side walls of each second monitoring section 02 of each layer except the first layer, and a plurality of acoustic wave detectors and a plurality of drilling panoramic digital imagers are respectively arranged in the plurality of detection holes 21.

[0177] In this embodiment, for each layer of the high side wall project, it is also necessary to drill and excavate along the axial direction to form a spatial three-dimensional structure. Therefore, multiple second monitoring sections 02 can be set for each layer. The characteristic structure of the linear monitoring module on the second monitoring section 02 can refer to step S41, and this embodiment will not go into details.

[0178] Usually, the length of each layer of a high side wall project is shorter than that of an isolinear project, so one monitoring section can be set for each layer of a high side wall project.

[0179] Furthermore, step S5 further includes:

[0180] S52. A plurality of detection holes are formed by drilling an array at the face 03 of the high side wall project, an advanced geological prediction detector 31 is arranged in each detection hole, and a source excitation point 311 is set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and at the edge of the array of the advanced geological prediction detectors 31; and imaging holes are formed by vertically drilling in the first layer of the high side wall project corresponding to the bottom of the side walls on both sides, and a seismic imager 32 is arranged in each imaging hole.

[0181] In high sidewall engineering, in addition to extending along the axial direction, it also extends along the height direction. During the excavation process along the axial direction and the height direction, the geological conditions have great changes in the vertical and horizontal directions. There are two tunnel faces 03, one tunnel face 03 corresponds to each layer of the working face excavated along the horizontal direction (such as Figure 8 ), which is the same as step S51. Another tunnel face 03 corresponds to the working face excavated along the height direction, that is, the excavation bottom plate after the first layer of excavation is completed (such as Fig. 9 ). For changes in the horizontal direction, the advanced geological prediction detector 31 in the surface monitoring means is used to predict the geological conditions of the tunnel face 03 located in the horizontal direction. For changes in the vertical direction, the seismic imager 32 in the surface monitoring means is used to predict the geological conditions of the tunnel face 03 located in the vertical direction.

[0182] Preferably, multiple seismic imagers 32 are arranged in the area at the bottom of the side walls on both sides of the first layer of the high side wall project. That is to say, after the excavation of the first layer is completed, the seismic imagers 32 are arranged on the excavation bottom plate of the first layer to monitor the changes in seismic wave information of the multi-layer spatial structure below the first layer. Combined with the geological forecast of the horizontal direction by the advanced geological forecast detector 31, the three-dimensional space of the high side wall project is comprehensively monitored to provide a more three-dimensional perception, so that the staff can better grasp the stability of each layer of the high side wall project and predict whether there is a potential landslide risk when excavating each layer.

[0183] Furthermore, step S8 further includes:

[0184] S85. Drill holes in different areas of the third monitoring section 04 of at least two layers of the high side wall project to form a plurality of fixing holes, and install a microseismic sensor 4 in each fixing hole through a resin anchor.

[0185] In this embodiment, combined with step S52, it can be known that the risk area 05 can be obtained in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction through the corresponding surface monitoring module, that is, the third monitoring section 04 can be located in the risk area 05 monitored in the vertical direction, and / or located in the risk area 05 monitored in the horizontal direction. Exemplarily, for the risk area 05 monitored in the vertical direction, that is, the bottom surface of each layer of the high side wall underground cavern after excavation, according to the size of the risk area 05, multiple microseismic sensors 4 are arranged around the potential risk area 05, in a spatial "body" arrangement.

[0186] For example, if the underground project is a high-side-wall multi-layer excavation type underground project of an underground powerhouse of a hydropower station, the embodiments of the present invention will be fully described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0187] Embodiment 2:

[0188] A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering, the method comprising the following steps:

[0189] S201. Set up point monitoring module 1, introduce multi-point displacement meters, and set up the first monitoring section 01 every 20m-50m according to the surrounding rock quality grade obtained from the previous geological exploration. The first layer needs to be equipped with a set of multi-point displacement meters on both side walls, the top arch and the arch shoulders on both sides. After the second layer, multi-point displacement meters are installed on the side walls on both sides of each layer. After the installation, as the excavation proceeds, data is recorded every 1d-7d to observe the internal deformation of the surrounding rock during the excavation unloading disturbance process of the underground project.

[0190] The anchor stress gauge is introduced, and the principle is the same as step S101.

[0191] S202. Lay out a linear monitoring module and use an acoustic wave detector. A second monitoring section 02 is laid out every 30m-100m. Three detection holes 21 are set on the top arch and the side walls on both sides of each second monitoring section 02 of the first layer. Detection holes 21 are set on the side walls on both sides of each layer after the first layer. The hole diameter is 90mm and the hole depth is 9m-16m. After the hole is drilled, rock acoustic wave detection is carried out every 2d-7d to monitor the quality of the surrounding rock mass, the depth of influence of unloading relaxation, and whether the rock mass has reached stability.

[0192] The principle of introducing a drilling panoramic digital imager is the same as that of step S102.

[0193] S203. Surface monitoring modules are deployed, and advanced geological prediction technology is introduced to perform geological prediction in front of the tunnel face 03 of the first layer. Eight detection holes are deployed on the tunnel face 03, in two or three rows, with four holes in each row at a distance of 2m depending on the height of the tunnel, and are roughly evenly distributed according to the width of the tunnel. The distance between the advanced geological prediction detectors 31 in each row is 2m. The advanced geological prediction detectors 31 are placed in a direction parallel to the horizontal axis of the tunnel and perpendicular to the tunnel face 03. Source excitation points 311 are arranged in the middle of the detection holes and on both edges of each row of detection holes. The hammer source is excited point by point in a preliminarily determined order to facilitate data collection.

[0194] A seismic imager 32 is introduced for vertical geological prediction. After the first layer of excavation is completed, vertical holes are drilled on the side walls on both sides. According to construction factors and data accuracy, the hole depth is 10m-25m, the hole diameter is 75mm, and the hole interval on the side wall on the same side is 20m-40m. After the hole drilling is completed, the seismic imager 32 is used for imaging to obtain multiple sets of seismic wave fault images. According to the distribution law of seismic wave velocity in the fault image, combined with the stratum lithology, structural structure, weathering unloading and rock mass quality of the detected area, the abnormal range and extension direction are determined, and geological inference and interpretation are carried out to estimate the risk area 05 range of the surrounding rock, providing a basis for excavation support and subsequent monitoring.

[0195] S204, deploying a body monitoring module, performing body monitoring on the potential risk area 05 obtained from the surface monitoring results, introducing microseismic monitoring technology, and deploying 6 or 12 microseismic sensors 4 around the potential risk area 05 according to the size of the risk area 05. The microseismic sensors 4 are deployed in a spatial "body". Fig.11 As shown, Fig.11 The diagram shows the distribution of microseismic sensors of high sidewall engineering relative to the risk zone. If conditions permit, the microseismic sensors 4 can be arranged in the upper drainage gallery 5 and the middle drainage gallery 6, or in the branch cave and the adjacent cave, and the risk zone 05 can be ensured to be within the monitoring array as much as possible. The spacing between the microseismic sensors 4 should not be greater than 70m, and the depth of the fixing hole of the microseismic sensor 4 should be 1m-3m, the hole diameter should be 35mm-50mm, and the sensor should be tightly attached to the original rock with a resin anchor.

[0196] The method embodiment and the system embodiment have similarities, and reference can be made to each other for related points.

[0197] It should be noted that, for the method embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that the embodiments of the present application are not limited by the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of the present application, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily required by the embodiments of the present application.

[0198] It should also be noted that, in this article, the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Moreover, the term "include" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device.

Claims

1. A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering, characterized in that: Used to assemble on underground projects that need to be excavated, the system includes: Point monitoring modules, used for installation on a plurality of first monitoring sections of the underground project; A linear monitoring module, used for installation on a plurality of second monitoring sections of the underground project; A surface monitoring module, used for installation on the tunnel face of the underground project; A body monitoring module, used for being installed on a plurality of third monitoring sections of the underground project; A data analysis platform is used to receive and analyze the first characteristic information collected by the point monitoring module, the second characteristic information collected by the line monitoring module, the third characteristic information collected by the surface monitoring module, and the fourth characteristic information collected by the body monitoring module, so as to adjust the excavation support plan of the underground project; wherein, A plurality of the first monitoring sections and a plurality of the second monitoring sections are respectively arranged at intervals along the excavation direction of the underground engineering; and, The plurality of third monitoring sections are respectively located in the risk area represented by the third characteristic information and in an area close to the tunnel face, so that the body monitoring module is located in a key monitoring area of ​​the underground engineering; Wherein, the third monitoring section is determined by the following steps: Select the underground project that needs to be excavated and excavate to obtain the tunnel face; Determining a risk area of ​​the underground engineering based on the third characteristic information collected by the surface monitoring module installed on the tunnel face; According to the locations of the risk area and the tunnel face, a plurality of the third monitoring sections of the underground project are set.

2. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The point monitoring module includes a plurality of multi-point displacement meters and / or a plurality of anchor stress meters; each of the multi-point displacement meters is used to collect displacement information of the underground project, and each of the anchor stress meters is used to collect stress information of the underground project, and the first characteristic information includes the displacement information and / or the stress information; The linear monitoring module includes a plurality of acoustic wave detectors and / or a plurality of drilling panoramic digital imagers; Each of the acoustic wave detectors is used to collect acoustic wave information of the underground project, and each of the borehole panoramic digital imagers is used to collect imaging information of the underground project, and the second characteristic information includes the acoustic wave information and / or the imaging information; The surface monitoring module includes a plurality of advanced geological prediction detectors and / or a plurality of seismic imagers, each of the advanced geological prediction detectors is used to collect seismic data information of the underground project; each of the seismic imagers is used to collect seismic wave information of the underground project, and the third characteristic information includes the seismic data information and / or the seismic wave information; The body monitoring module includes a plurality of microseismic sensors, each of which is used to collect rupture information of the underground project, and the fourth characteristic information includes the rupture information; The seismic data information includes at least one of relative stress, water content probability, longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus and surrounding rock hazard level result map; the seismic wave information includes at least one of wave velocity distribution, three-dimensional image and abnormal area; The rupture information includes at least one of microseismic events, magnitudes, microseismic frequencies, and microseismic waveforms.

3. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The underground engineering includes isolinear engineering; A plurality of the multi-point displacement meters are arranged on the side walls, top arch and spandrels on both sides of each first monitoring section of the isolinear engineering, and each anchor stress meter is arranged between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters on each first monitoring section; A plurality of the acoustic wave detectors and a plurality of the drilling panoramic digital imagers are respectively arranged on the side walls and the top arch of each of the second monitoring sections of the isolinear engineering; A plurality of said advanced geological prediction detector arrays are arranged on said tunnel face of said isolinear engineering, and source excitation points are arranged between two adjacent said advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of said advanced geological prediction detector arrays; The plurality of microseismic sensors are arranged on the side walls on both sides of each third monitoring section of the isolinear project and are located at different heights on the plurality of third monitoring sections.

4. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The underground works include high side wall works; A plurality of said multi-point displacement meters are arranged on the side walls, top arch and spandrels on both sides of each first monitoring section of the first layer of said high side wall project, and on the side walls on both sides of each first monitoring section of each layer except the first layer; each said anchor stress meter is arranged between two adjacent said multi-point displacement meters on each first monitoring section; A plurality of the acoustic wave detectors and a plurality of the drilling panoramic digital imagers are respectively arranged on the side walls and top arch of each second monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, and on the side walls of each second monitoring section of each layer except the first layer; A plurality of said advanced geological prediction detector arrays are arranged on the said tunnel face of said high side wall project, and source excitation points are arranged between two adjacent said advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of said advanced geological prediction detector arrays; and a plurality of said seismic imagers are arranged in the first layer of said high side wall project in the area corresponding to the bottom of the side walls on both sides; The plurality of microseismic sensors are dispersedly arranged in different areas of the third monitoring section of at least two layers of the high side wall project.

5. A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering, characterized in that: The method is implemented by relying on the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and the method includes: Select the underground project that needs to be excavated and excavate to obtain the tunnel face; A plurality of first monitoring sections and a plurality of second monitoring sections are set at intervals along the excavation direction of the underground project; The point monitoring modules are installed on the plurality of the first monitoring sections to collect the first characteristic information of the underground project; The linear monitoring module is installed on the plurality of the second monitoring sections to collect the second characteristic information of the underground project; The surface monitoring module is installed on the tunnel face to collect the third characteristic information of the underground engineering; Based on the third characteristic information, determining a risk area of ​​the underground project; According to the positions of the risk area and the tunnel face, setting a plurality of third monitoring sections of the underground engineering; The body monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the third monitoring sections, so that the body monitoring module is located in the key monitoring area of ​​the underground project, and collects the fourth characteristic information of the underground project; The data analysis platform receives and analyzes the first characteristic information, the second characteristic information, the third characteristic information and the fourth characteristic information to adjust the excavation and support plan of the underground project.

6. A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The point monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the first monitoring sections to collect first characteristic information of the underground project, including: A plurality of multi-point displacement meters and / or a plurality of anchor stress meters are installed on a plurality of the first monitoring sections to collect displacement information and / or stress information of the underground engineering; wherein, The linear monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the second monitoring sections to collect the second characteristic information of the underground project, including: A plurality of acoustic wave detectors and / or a plurality of drilling panoramic digital imagers are installed on a plurality of the second monitoring sections to collect acoustic wave information and / or imaging information of the underground engineering; wherein, The surface monitoring module is installed on the tunnel face to collect the third characteristic information of the underground engineering, including: A plurality of advanced geological prediction detectors are installed on the tunnel face, and the seismic sources are stimulated point by point in a preset order at the seismic source excitation points to collect seismic data information of the underground project; the seismic data information includes at least one of relative stress, water content probability, longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus and surrounding rock hazard level result map; and / or, a plurality of seismic imagers are installed on the tunnel face to collect seismic wave information of the underground project; the seismic wave information includes at least one of wave velocity distribution, three-dimensional image and abnormal area; wherein, The body monitoring module is installed on the plurality of the third monitoring sections to collect fourth characteristic information of the underground project, including: A plurality of microseismic sensors are installed on the third monitoring section to collect rupture information of the underground project; the rupture information includes at least one of microseismic events, magnitudes, microseismic frequencies and microseismic waveforms.

7. A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that: The underground engineering includes isolinear engineering; The point monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the first monitoring sections, and includes: Punch holes on the side walls, top arch and spandrels on both sides of each first monitoring section of the isolinear project to form a plurality of mounting holes, install a plurality of the multi-point displacement meters in some of the mounting holes, and install the anchor stress meter in the mounting hole between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters; The linear monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the second monitoring sections, and includes: Punching holes on the side walls and the top arch of each second monitoring section of the isolinear project to form a plurality of detection holes, and respectively arranging a plurality of the acoustic wave detectors and a plurality of the drilling panoramic digital imagers in the plurality of the detection holes; The surface monitoring module is installed on the tunnel face and includes: A plurality of detection holes are formed by drilling holes in the tunnel face array of the isolinear engineering, the advanced geological prediction detector is arranged in each detection hole, and a source excitation point is set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector array; The body monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the third monitoring sections, and includes: A plurality of fixing holes are formed by drilling holes at different heights on the side walls of each third monitoring section of the isolinear project, and the microseismic sensor is installed in each fixing hole by means of a resin anchor.

8. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that: The underground works include high side wall works; The point monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the first monitoring sections, and includes: A plurality of mounting holes are formed by drilling holes on the side walls, top arch and side spans of each first monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, and on the side walls of each first monitoring section of each layer except the first layer, a plurality of the multi-point displacement meters are installed in some of the mounting holes, and the anchor stress meter is installed in the mounting hole between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters; The linear monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the second monitoring sections, and includes: A plurality of detection holes are formed by drilling holes on the side walls and top arch of each second monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, and on the side walls of each second monitoring section of each layer except the first layer, and a plurality of the acoustic wave detectors and a plurality of the drilling panoramic digital imagers are respectively arranged in the plurality of the detection holes; The surface monitoring module is installed on the tunnel face and includes: A plurality of detector holes are formed by drilling holes in the array of the tunnel face of the high sidewall project, the advanced geological prediction detector is arranged in each of the detector holes, and a source excitation point is set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector array; and imaging holes are formed by vertically drilling holes in the first layer of the high sidewall project corresponding to the bottom of the sidewalls on both sides, and the seismic imager is arranged in each of the imaging holes; The body monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the third monitoring sections, and includes: A plurality of fixing holes are respectively punched in different areas of the third monitoring section of at least two layers of the high side wall project, and the microseismic sensor is installed in each of the fixing holes by means of a resin anchor.

9. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to claim 7, characterized in that: The body monitoring module is installed on a plurality of the third monitoring sections, and further comprises: According to the position of the current tunnel face, a target monitoring section close to the current tunnel face is set; Transferring the microseismic sensor on a third monitoring section far away from the tunnel face among the plurality of third monitoring sections to the target monitoring section; When the target monitoring section is located outside the risk area, the body monitoring module is additionally arranged around the rock mass located in the risk area.

10. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of setting a plurality of first monitoring sections and a plurality of second monitoring sections at intervals along the excavation direction of the underground engineering comprises: Obtaining the surrounding rock quality grade of the underground project through preliminary geological exploration technology; According to the surrounding rock quality grade, the interval distance of the corresponding monitoring section is set; According to the interval distance, setting a plurality of the first monitoring sections and a plurality of the second monitoring sections; The data analysis platform receives and analyzes the first feature information, the second feature information, the third feature information, and the fourth feature information, including: According to multiple preset monitoring time periods, the first characteristic information, the second characteristic information, the third characteristic information and the fourth characteristic information corresponding to each of the preset monitoring time periods are recorded, and the recorded information is transmitted to the data analysis platform.

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