A risk assessment and decision support system for orthopedic surgery

Abstract

The present invention discloses an orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system, which relates to the field of surgical risk assessment technology, including an assessment decision center, wherein the assessment decision center is communicatively connected with a patient information collection module, a physiological state assessment module, a psychological state assessment module, a surgical risk assessment module, a decision support module, and a postoperative rehabilitation follow-up module, wherein electrical signals are connected between the modules. The orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system, through a comprehensive preoperative assessment, comprehensively assesses the physiological and psychological state of the patient, accurately identifies the patient's potential risk factors, provides doctors with detailed risk assessment reports, assists in identifying and managing potential surgical risks, and thus formulates personalized surgical plans and emergency plans, which not only helps doctors to be fully prepared before surgery, but also enables timely adjustment of strategies during surgery, effectively responds to various emergencies, and improves the safety of surgery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surgical risk assessment, and in particular to an orthopedic surgical risk assessment and decision support system. Background Art

[0002] Orthopedic surgery involves multiple tissues and organs such as bones, muscles, and nerves, and the surgical operation is complex. With the continuous advancement of medical technology, especially the development of new technologies such as minimally invasive surgery and robot-assisted surgery, the accuracy and safety of orthopedic surgery have been significantly improved. However, it also puts higher requirements on surgical risk assessment. Therefore, a comprehensive and accurate assessment of orthopedic surgical risks and the formulation of corresponding decision support plans are of great significance to improving surgical safety and reducing the occurrence of complications.

[0003] In the existing technology, due to certain differences in the physiological status of different elderly people, the uncertainty of orthopedic surgery increases, and the psychological state of the elderly has an important impact on the surgical risk and postoperative recovery. Therefore, how to integrate the various physiological and psychological states of orthopedic surgery in the elderly to comprehensively reflect the risk status of orthopedic surgery is the problem we need to solve. To this end, an orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system, including an assessment decision center, wherein the assessment decision center is communicatively connected with a patient information collection module, a physiological state assessment module, a psychological state assessment module, a surgery risk assessment module, a decision support module, and a postoperative rehabilitation follow-up module, wherein electrical signals are connected between the modules;

[0005] The patient information collection module is used to collect and record the patient's basic information, including age, gender, height, weight, past medical history, allergy history, family medical history, and collect the patient's physiological state data and psychological state data;

[0006] The physiological state assessment module extracts the correlation characteristics between physiological function and nutritional status based on the patient's physiological state data, and performs a comprehensive assessment of the patient's physiological state;

[0007] The psychological state assessment module combines the patient's psychological state data, analyzes the patient's various psychological state indicators and scores them, comprehensively assesses the patient's psychological state, fully understands the patient's psychological state, and formulates corresponding psychological intervention measures;

[0008] The surgical risk assessment module constructs a risk assessment model based on the patient's basic information, physiological state and psychological state, determines the surgical risk level, identifies risks in advance, provides decision support for doctors, and reserves emergency measures to reduce surgical risks;

[0009] The decision support module provides personalized surgical decision support based on the surgical risk assessment results, and formulates corresponding emergency plans based on the assessed surgical risks to ensure that when emergencies occur during or after the operation, countermeasures can be taken quickly and effectively to reduce the incidence of risks;

[0010] The postoperative rehabilitation follow-up module is used to develop a personalized postoperative rehabilitation plan and track the patient's rehabilitation progress, including pain management, functional exercise, nutritional support, and psychological care, to promote the patient's rapid recovery and improve the quality of life. Through remote follow-up and reexamination arrangements, it ensures that the patient receives continuous attention and guidance.

[0011] Preferably, in the patient information collection module, the process of collecting the patient's physiological state data and psychological state data includes:

[0012] Through the electronic health record system, basic information data such as age, gender, height, weight, past medical history, allergy history, and family medical history of the patient are collected;

[0013] Collect the patient's vital signs and physiological status data of nutritional status, where vital signs data include bone density, muscle strength, joint mobility, coagulation function, and blood sugar level, and nutritional status data include the intake and absorption of protein, vitamins, and mineral nutrients;

[0014] The patient's psychological state was scored using the anxiety self-rating scale, and the patient's psychological state was scored in conjunction with the medical staff's interviews and inquiries, thereby obtaining the patient's psychological state data;

[0015] The collected basic information data, physiological status data and psychological status data are integrated to form the patient's health record, and the electronic medical record system is used to electronically store and manage the patient's health record to ensure the accuracy and traceability of the data.

[0016] Preferably, in the physiological state assessment module, the process of comprehensively assessing the patient's physiological state includes:

[0017] Obtain patients’ vital signs and nutritional status data from the electronic medical record system, clean, denoise and standardize the collected data, and convert physiological data of different units and magnitudes into a unified magnitude for easy comparison and analysis;

[0018] Extract characteristics reflecting the patient's physiological function from the vital signs data, including bone health indicators, muscle strength indicators, joint mobility indicators, coagulation function indicators, and blood sugar level indicators. Extract characteristics reflecting the patient's nutritional status from the nutritional status data, including protein intake, vitamin intake, and mineral intake. Analyze the correlation between physiological function characteristics and nutritional status characteristics.

[0019] Based on the extracted physiological function characteristics and nutritional status characteristics of the patient, the score of each characteristic is calculated, and the values ​​of each characteristic are comprehensively processed to obtain the physiological status evaluation index, and the physiological status of the patient is evaluated;

[0020] Based on the calculation results of the physiological status assessment index, the patient's physiological status is divided into different health risk levels to determine the potential health risks.

[0021] Preferably, the expression of the physiological state assessment index is:

[0022] ;

[0023] in, represents the physiological status assessment index, Indicates Standardized scores of physiological function indicators (bone density, muscle strength, joint mobility, coagulation function, blood sugar level), Indicates The baseline score of each physiological function index is the midpoint of the normal range. Indicates Standardized scores for nutritional status indicators (protein, vitamin, mineral intake), represents the sum of the baseline scores of all nutritional status indicators, Indicates the number of physiological function indicators, represents the number of nutritional status indicators, Represents the adjustment index, which is used to adjust the impact of the summation term. The value is between 0 and 1.

[0024] Preferably, in the mental state assessment module, the process of comprehensively assessing the patient's mental state includes:

[0025] Extracting patients' psychological status data from the electronic medical record system, including psychological assessment scales and interview records, and preprocessing the psychological status data. The preprocessing operation includes data cleaning and standardization steps. Data cleaning removes erroneous and inconsistent data points, and standardization converts the scores of psychological assessment scales and interview records into a unified scale.

[0026] Organize and analyze the collected psychological state data, extract characteristic indicators reflecting the patient's psychological state, including anxiety level, depression tendency, degree, and preset characteristic indicator scoring benchmark values ​​to score each psychological state characteristic indicator;

[0027] Comprehensively analyze the scores of various characteristic indicators, calculate the psychological state assessment index, and normalize the calculated value of the psychological state assessment index to quantitatively analyze the patient's psychological state and evaluate the patient's psychological state trend;

[0028] According to the value of the psychological state assessment index, the patient's psychological state is divided into different psychological levels, namely healthy, mildly abnormal, moderately abnormal, and severely abnormal. The psychological state is analyzed and interpreted in combination with the patient's specific situation;

[0029] Based on the results of the psychological status assessment, the patient's main psychological problems and their influencing factors are identified, and personalized psychological intervention measures are developed. The intervention measures include psychological counseling, psychotherapy, drug therapy, physical therapy and other methods.

[0030] Preferably, the expression of the psychological state assessment index is:

[0031] ;

[0032] ;

[0033] in, represents the mental status assessment index, Indicates Standardized scores of psychological state characteristic indicators (anxiety level, depression tendency), Indicates The baseline score of the psychological state characteristic index is the midpoint of the healthy range of the index. Indicates The deviation of the psychological state characteristic index reflects the deviation degree of the psychological state index from the baseline state. If the value of is large, it means that the patient's score on the psychological state index is far from the baseline value, and there is a high risk or problem; if The value of is small or close to zero, indicating that the patient's condition is closer to the baseline value, that is, the mental state is relatively healthy. represents the number of characteristic indicators of psychological states, The value is between 0 and 1.

[0034] Preferably, in the surgical risk assessment module, the process of constructing the risk assessment model includes:

[0035] Integrate the patient's personal information with the assessment results of their physiological and psychological states, analyze the patient's nutritional status, living habits, and family genetic disease history based on the patient's personal information to preliminarily determine the patient's physical condition, and use the assessment results of their physiological and psychological states to analyze the patient's potential health risks and psychological state trends;

[0036] Based on the patient's basic information, physiological state and psychological state assessment results, the correlation features of the physiological state and psychological state assessment are extracted, and the preset operation duration indicators are extracted to obtain a risk indicator set, which is divided into a training set and a test set. The training set data is used to train the neural network model, and then a surgical risk assessment model is constructed. The surgical risk assessment model is evaluated with the test set data to adjust the model parameters, optimize the model performance, and use the trained surgical risk assessment model to predict surgical risks;

[0037] Based on the surgical risk assessment model and relevant data of the risk indicator set, the risk assessment coefficient is calculated by combining the physiological state assessment index, the psychological state assessment index and the preset surgical duration index to analyze the severity of surgical risks and provide decision support for doctors;

[0038] Using the value of the risk assessment coefficient and the severity of the surgical risk, different risk levels are set, namely low risk level, medium risk level and high risk level, and corresponding distinction thresholds are set for each risk level;

[0039] According to the patient's specific situation, a personalized surgical plan is formulated, including the selection of surgical incision, the choice of anesthesia method, and the arrangement of operation time. Personalized surgical plans help to improve the success rate of surgery and prevent the occurrence of complications. According to the determined risk level, corresponding emergency measures are reserved, emergency medicines and equipment are prepared, and professional emergency personnel are arranged. Emergency measures can intervene in a timely and effective manner when unexpected situations occur during or after surgery, thereby reducing surgical risks.

[0040] Preferably, the risk assessment coefficient is expressed as:

[0041] ;

[0042] in, represents the risk assessment coefficient, represents the physiological status assessment index, represents the mental status assessment index, represents the actual duration of the operation, represents the benchmark surgery duration, which is the average duration of similar surgeries. and Represents the adjustment coefficient, which is used to balance the impact of different factors on surgical risks. The value range of is between 0 and 1, where 1 represents the lowest risk and approaches 0 represent a gradually increasing risk;

[0043] A plurality of the risk levels correspond to a plurality of the differentiation thresholds, wherein the differentiation thresholds include an upper threshold and a lower threshold;

[0044] The multiple risk levels and the multiple differentiation thresholds satisfy the following relationship:

[0045] Low risk level ; The patient's physical and mental status is good, the duration of surgery is within the normal range, and basic standard care and monitoring are adopted;

[0046] Medium risk level ; There are some physiological or psychological problems, or the operation time is long, and enhanced preoperative evaluation, further diagnostic tests, and enhanced monitoring during and after surgery are required;

[0047] High risk level ; There are multiple physical or psychological problems, or the operation time is significantly longer than the benchmark time, requiring detailed multidisciplinary evaluation, and may require adjustment of the surgical plan or additional precautions, requiring special care and intervention during and after the operation;

[0048] in, is the risk assessment coefficient, is the lower threshold corresponding to the low risk level and the upper threshold corresponding to the medium risk level, is the lower threshold corresponding to the medium risk level and the upper threshold corresponding to the high risk level, , .

[0049] Preferably, in the decision support module, the process of providing personalized surgical decision support and formulating emergency plans includes:

[0050] According to the surgical risk assessment results, determine the specific risk level of the surgery, provide personalized surgical decision support and formulate corresponding emergency plans based on the individual differences and risk levels of the patients;

[0051] For low-risk patients, standard surgical plans are provided, including routine preoperative preparation and postoperative care. For medium-risk patients, further diagnostic tests and adjusted anesthesia plans are performed. For high-risk patients, risk management plans are developed for patients, including multidisciplinary team discussions and additional monitoring measures.

[0052] For low-risk levels, the emergency plan includes routine postoperative monitoring and preparation of a rapid response team, for medium-risk levels, the emergency plan includes additional preoperative physiological function optimization measures and enhanced intraoperative monitoring, and for high-risk levels, the emergency plan includes preoperative multidisciplinary discussions, advanced intraoperative monitoring, and enhanced postoperative care;

[0053] Prepare appropriate emergency medicines and equipment according to the risk level, arrange emergency personnel on standby to intervene quickly in emergency situations, and continuously monitor the patient's condition, and fine-tune the surgical plan and treatment plan based on the patient's actual condition during and after the operation.

[0054] Preferably, in the postoperative rehabilitation follow-up module, the process of formulating a personalized postoperative rehabilitation plan includes:

[0055] In the early postoperative period, a comprehensive physical assessment is conducted on the patient, including wound healing, pain level, and recovery of physical function. Based on the individual differences of the patient, a personalized rehabilitation plan is developed. The rehabilitation plan includes pain management, functional exercise, nutritional support, and psychological care. Based on the patient's pain assessment results, a personalized pain management plan is developed, including drug and non-drug treatment. A rehabilitation training plan that matches the patient is developed, including muscle strength training and joint range of motion training to restore limb function. Based on the patient's nutritional status, personalized nutritional supplement recommendations and dietary guidance are provided. Psychological counseling and support are provided to the patient to promote psychological recovery.

[0056] Through regular follow-up, we evaluate the patient's pain control, functional recovery, nutritional status and psychological state. We use telephone and Internet to conduct follow-up so that patients can receive guidance at home. We also arrange regular review and evaluation based on the patient's recovery. The review content includes but is not limited to physical examination, laboratory examination, imaging examination, etc.;

[0057] Record the patient's rehabilitation progress and follow-up in detail, evaluate the patient's rehabilitation effects regularly, and adjust the rehabilitation plan based on the evaluation results.

[0058] The present invention provides an orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0059] 1. This orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system, through comprehensive preoperative evaluation, comprehensively assesses the patient's physiological and psychological state, accurately identifies the patient's potential risk factors, provides doctors with detailed risk assessment reports, assists in identifying and managing potential surgical risks, and thus formulates personalized surgical plans and emergency plans. It not only helps doctors to make adequate preparations before surgery, but also enables them to adjust strategies in time during the operation, effectively respond to various emergencies, and improve the safety of surgery.

[0060] 2. The orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system can screen out high-risk patients through risk assessment and decision support, and provide more meticulous and comprehensive medical services. At the same time, it can recommend standardized surgical plans and rehabilitation plans for low-risk patients to reduce unnecessary consumption of medical resources. In addition, through remote follow-up and reexamination arrangements, it can reduce the number of medical visits and waiting time for patients, and improve the convenience and efficiency of medical services. At the same time, through precise customization of surgical plans, doctors can more accurately judge the effect of the operation, thereby improving the success rate of the operation. Patients can also recover faster after surgery, reduce the occurrence of complications, and improve the overall treatment effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 This is a module structure diagram of an orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 A flowchart for comprehensively evaluating a patient's physiological state according to the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 A flowchart for comprehensively evaluating a patient's mental state according to the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 The figure is a flow chart for constructing the risk assessment model of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0066] The first embodiment, as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: an orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system, including an assessment decision center, the assessment decision center is communicatively connected with a patient information collection module, a physiological state assessment module, a psychological state assessment module, a surgery risk assessment module, a decision support module and a postoperative rehabilitation follow-up module, wherein the modules are connected by electrical signals;

[0067] The patient information collection module is used to collect and record the patient's basic information, including age, gender, height, weight, past medical history, allergy history, family medical history, and collect the patient's physiological and psychological status data. Through the electronic health record system, the basic information data of the patient's age, gender, height, weight, past medical history, allergy history and family medical history are collected. Among them, the past medical history helps doctors understand the patient's possible health problems and potential risks by asking the patient in detail about the past medical history, including chronic diseases (such as hypertension, diabetes), surgical history, medication use, etc. The allergy history asks the patient which drugs, foods or substances they have allergic reactions to, so as to ensure that these substances that may cause allergic reactions are avoided during surgery and postoperative recovery. By understanding whether there are hereditary diseases or high incidence of specific diseases in the patient's family, it helps doctors assess whether the patient has potential genetic risks. The physiological status data of the patient's vital signs and nutritional status are collected. Among them, the vital signs data include bone density, muscle strength, joint mobility, coagulation function Energy, blood sugar level, nutritional status data includes the intake and absorption of protein, vitamins, and mineral nutrients. Physiological status data is obtained through vital sign monitoring, blood tests, and imaging examinations. X-ray, CT, MRI and other imaging examinations are used to obtain detailed structural information of the patient's bones, muscles, blood vessels and other tissues. Blood samples are collected from patients for routine blood tests and biochemical tests to evaluate the patient's coagulation function, blood sugar level and other physiological functions. Combined with blood tests (albumin, vitamin D levels) and anthropometric measurements (BMI, body fat percentage), the patient's protein, vitamin, and mineral nutrient intake and absorption are evaluated. The patient's psychological state is scored using the anxiety self-rating scale, and the patient's psychological state is scored in conjunction with interviews and inquiries by medical staff to obtain the patient's psychological state data. The collected basic information data, physiological status data, and psychological status data are integrated to form the patient's health record, and the patient's health record is electronically stored and managed using the electronic medical record system to ensure the accuracy and traceability of the data.

[0068] The physiological status assessment module extracts the correlation features between physiological function and nutritional status based on the patient's physiological status data, conducts a comprehensive assessment of the patient's physiological status, obtains the patient's vital signs data and nutritional status data from the electronic medical record system, and cleans, denoises and standardizes the collected data, converts physiological data of different units and magnitudes into a unified magnitude for comparison and analysis, extracts features reflecting the patient's physiological function from the vital signs data, including bone health indicators, muscle strength indicators, joint mobility indicators, coagulation function indicators and blood sugar level indicators, and extracts features reflecting the patient's nutritional status from the nutritional status data, including protein intake, vitamin intake, and mineral intake, analyzes the correlation between physiological function features and nutritional status features, calculates the score of each feature based on the extracted physiological function features and nutritional status features of the patient, and comprehensively processes the values ​​of each feature to obtain a physiological status assessment index, evaluates the patient's physiological status, and divides the patient's physiological status into different health risk levels based on the calculation results of the physiological status assessment index to determine the potential health risks.

[0069] Furthermore, the expression of the physiological state assessment index is:

[0070] ;

[0071] in, represents the physiological status assessment index, Indicates Standardized scores of physiological function indicators (bone density, muscle strength, joint mobility, coagulation function, blood sugar level), Indicates The baseline score of each physiological function index is the midpoint of the normal range. Indicates Standardized scores for nutritional status indicators (protein, vitamin, mineral intake), represents the sum of the baseline scores of all nutritional status indicators, Indicates the number of physiological function indicators, represents the number of nutritional status indicators, Represents the adjustment index, which is used to adjust the impact of the summation term. The value of is between 0 and 1. When all indicators are at or above their baseline score values, Close to 1, it means the physiological state is good. When any indicator is lower than its baseline score, Decrease indicates a poor physiological state. The physiological state of the patient is quantified by the physiological state assessment index, and the patient's health status is judged according to the score. The higher the score, the better the patient's physiological state and the lower the surgical risk. On the contrary, the lower the score, the worse the patient's physiological state and the higher the surgical risk.

[0072] The psychological state assessment module combines the patient's psychological state data, analyzes the patient's various psychological state indicators and scores them, comprehensively evaluates the patient's psychological state, fully understands the patient's psychological state, and formulates corresponding psychological intervention measures. The patient's psychological state data, including psychological assessment scales and interview records, are extracted from the electronic medical record system, and the psychological state data are preprocessed. The preprocessing operation includes data cleaning and standardization processing steps. Among them, data cleaning removes erroneous and inconsistent data points, and standardization converts the psychological assessment scale and interview record scores into a unified scale. The collected psychological state data are sorted and analyzed, and characteristic indicators reflecting the patient's psychological state are extracted, including anxiety level, depression tendency, degree, and preset characteristic indicators. The patient's mental state is assessed based on the baseline score, and each characteristic indicator of the mental state is scored. The scores of each characteristic indicator are comprehensively analyzed to calculate the mental state assessment index, and the calculated value of the mental state assessment index is normalized to quantitatively analyze the patient's mental state, and the patient's mental state trend is assessed. According to the value of the mental state assessment index, the patient's mental state is divided into different psychological levels, namely healthy, mildly abnormal, moderately abnormal, and severely abnormal. In combination with the patient's specific situation, the mental state is analyzed and interpreted. According to the results of the mental state assessment, the patient's main psychological problems and their influencing factors are clarified, and personalized psychological intervention measures are formulated. The intervention measures include psychological counseling, psychotherapy, drug therapy, and physical therapy.

[0073] Furthermore, the expression of the psychological state assessment index is:

[0074] ;

[0075] ;

[0076] in, represents the mental status assessment index, Indicates Standardized scores of psychological state characteristic indicators (anxiety level, depression tendency), Indicates The baseline score of the psychological state characteristic index is the midpoint of the healthy range of the index. Indicates The deviation of the psychological state characteristic index reflects the deviation degree of the psychological state index from the baseline state. If the value of is large, it means that the patient's score on the psychological state index is far from the baseline value, and there is a high risk or problem; if The value of is small or close to zero, indicating that the patient's condition is closer to the baseline value, that is, the mental state is relatively healthy. represents the number of characteristic indicators of psychological states, The value of is between 0 and 1. When all the psychological state characteristic indicators are in the healthy range, near , Close to 1, when the psychological state characteristic index deviates from the healthy range, Increase, leading to reduce, The higher the value, the better the psychological state, and the lower the value, the worse the psychological state;

[0077] The surgical risk assessment module builds a risk assessment model based on the patient's basic information, physiological status and psychological status, determines the surgical risk level, identifies risks in advance, provides decision support for doctors, and reserves emergency measures to reduce surgical risks;

[0078] The decision support module provides personalized surgical decision support based on the surgical risk assessment results, and formulates corresponding emergency plans based on the assessed surgical risks to ensure that when emergencies occur during or after surgery, countermeasures can be taken quickly and effectively to reduce the incidence of risks;

[0079] The postoperative rehabilitation follow-up module is used to develop personalized postoperative rehabilitation plans and track the patient's rehabilitation progress, including pain management, functional exercise, nutritional support, and psychological care, to promote the patient's rapid recovery and improve the quality of life. Through remote follow-up and review arrangements, it ensures that the patient receives continuous attention and guidance.

[0080] The second embodiment is based on the first embodiment. Figure 4 As shown, in the surgical risk assessment module, the process of building the risk assessment model includes:

[0081] The patient's personal information is integrated with the assessment results of physiological state and psychological state. The patient's nutritional status, living habits, and family genetic disease history are analyzed based on the patient's personal information to preliminarily determine the patient's physical condition. The patient's potential health risks and psychological state trends are analyzed using the assessment results of physiological state and psychological state. Based on the patient's basic information, physiological state and psychological state assessment results, the associated features of the physiological state and psychological state assessment are extracted, and the preset operation duration index is extracted to obtain a risk indicator set. The risk indicator set is divided into a training set and a test set. The training set data is used to train a neural network model to construct a surgical risk assessment model. The surgical risk assessment model is evaluated in conjunction with the test set data to adjust the model parameters and optimize the model performance. The trained surgical risk assessment model is used to predict surgical risks. Based on the correlation between the surgical risk assessment model and the risk indicator set, The system calculates the risk assessment coefficient based on the relevant data, combines the physiological status assessment index, the psychological status assessment index and the preset operation duration index, analyzes the severity of the operation risk, provides decision support for doctors, and uses the value of the risk assessment coefficient and the severity of the operation risk to set different risk levels, namely low risk level, medium risk level and high risk level, and sets corresponding differentiation thresholds for each risk level. According to the specific situation of the patient, a personalized operation plan is formulated, including the selection of surgical incision, the selection of anesthesia method, and the arrangement of operation time. The personalized operation plan helps to improve the success rate of the operation and prevent the occurrence of complications. According to the determined risk level, corresponding emergency measures are reserved, emergency medicines and equipment are prepared, and professional emergency personnel are arranged. Emergency measures can intervene in time and effectively when unexpected situations occur during or after the operation to reduce the risk of the operation;

[0082] Furthermore, the expression of the risk assessment coefficient is:

[0083] ;

[0084] in, represents the risk assessment coefficient, represents the physiological status assessment index, represents the mental status assessment index, represents the actual duration of the operation, represents the benchmark surgery duration, which is the average duration of similar surgeries. and Represents the adjustment coefficient, which is used to balance the impact of different factors on surgical risks. The value range is between 0 and 1, where 1 represents the lowest risk and approaches 0 represent a gradually increasing risk. and When both are high (i.e., the physiological and psychological states are good), Approaching 1, when the duration of the operation Close to benchmark time When the index is close to 1, the overall risk assessment coefficient is high. If the duration of the operation far exceeds the benchmark time, the index decreases rapidly and the overall risk assessment coefficient decreases. The comprehensive surgical risk assessment is provided by combining the patient's physiological and psychological state and the duration of the operation.

[0085] Multiple risk levels correspond to multiple differentiation thresholds, wherein the differentiation thresholds include an upper threshold and a lower threshold;

[0086] Multiple risk levels and multiple differentiation thresholds satisfy the following relationship:

[0087] Low risk level ; The patient's physical and mental status is good, the duration of surgery is within the normal range, and basic standard care and monitoring are adopted;

[0088] Medium risk level ; There are some physiological or psychological problems, or the operation time is long, and enhanced preoperative evaluation, further diagnostic tests, and enhanced monitoring during and after surgery are required;

[0089] High risk level ; There are multiple physical or psychological problems, or the operation time is significantly longer than the benchmark time, requiring detailed multidisciplinary evaluation, and may require adjustment of the surgical plan or additional precautions, requiring special care and intervention during and after the operation;

[0090] in, is the risk assessment coefficient, is the lower threshold corresponding to the low risk level and the upper threshold corresponding to the medium risk level, is the lower threshold corresponding to the medium risk level and the upper threshold corresponding to the high risk level, , ;

[0091] In the decision support module, the process of providing personalized surgical decision support and formulating emergency plans includes:

[0092] According to the results of surgical risk assessment, the specific risk level of the surgery is determined. Based on the individual differences of the patients and their risk levels, personalized surgical decision support is provided and corresponding emergency plans are formulated. For low-risk levels, standard surgical plans are provided to patients, including routine preoperative preparation and postoperative care. For medium-risk levels, further diagnostic tests are performed on patients and anesthesia plans are adjusted. For high-risk levels, risk management plans are formulated for patients, including discussions with multidisciplinary teams and additional monitoring measures. For low-risk levels, emergency plans include routine postoperative monitoring and preparation of a rapid response team. For medium-risk levels, emergency plans include additional physiological function optimization measures before surgery, as well as enhanced intraoperative monitoring. For high-risk levels, emergency plans include preoperative multidisciplinary discussions, advanced intraoperative monitoring, and enhanced postoperative care. According to the risk level, corresponding emergency drugs and equipment are prepared, and emergency personnel are arranged on standby to intervene quickly in emergencies. The patient's condition is continuously monitored, and the surgical plan and treatment plan are fine-tuned according to the patient's actual intraoperative and postoperative condition.

[0093] In the postoperative rehabilitation follow-up module, the process of developing a personalized postoperative rehabilitation plan includes:

[0094] In the early postoperative period, a comprehensive physical assessment is conducted on the patient, including wound healing, pain level, and recovery of physical function. In combination with individual differences of the patient, a personalized rehabilitation plan is developed. The rehabilitation plan includes pain management, functional exercise, nutritional support, and psychological care. According to the patient's pain assessment results, a personalized pain management plan is developed, including drug and non-drug treatment. A rehabilitation training plan that matches the patient is developed, including muscle strength training and joint range of motion training to restore limb function. According to the patient's nutritional status, personalized nutritional supplement recommendations and dietary guidance are provided. Psychological counseling and support are provided to patients to promote psychological rehabilitation. Through regular follow-up, the patient's pain control, functional recovery, nutritional status, and psychological state are evaluated. Follow-up is conducted by telephone and the Internet to facilitate patients to receive guidance at home. Regular review and evaluation are arranged according to the patient's recovery status. The review content includes but is not limited to physical examination, laboratory examination, imaging examination, etc. The patient's rehabilitation progress and follow-up are recorded in detail, the patient's rehabilitation effect is regularly evaluated, and the rehabilitation plan is adjusted according to the evaluation results. During the rehabilitation process, guidance and support are continuously provided to the patient, and the patient is encouraged to actively participate in rehabilitation activities to improve the rehabilitation effect and quality of life.

[0095] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention are implemented according to the conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. An orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system, comprising an assessment decision center, characterized in that: The evaluation and decision-making center is communicatively connected with a patient information collection module, a physiological state evaluation module, a psychological state evaluation module, a surgical risk evaluation module, a decision support module, and a postoperative rehabilitation follow-up module, wherein electrical signals are connected between the modules; The patient information collection module is used to collect and record the patient's basic information, and acquire the patient's physiological state data and psychological state data; The physiological state assessment module extracts the correlation characteristics between physiological function and nutritional status based on the patient's physiological state data, and performs a comprehensive assessment of the patient's physiological state; The mental state assessment module combines the patient's mental state data, analyzes and scores the patient's various mental state indicators, and comprehensively assesses the patient's mental state; The surgical risk assessment module constructs a risk assessment model based on the patient's basic information, physiological state and psychological state, determines the surgical risk level, and identifies risks in advance. In the surgical risk assessment module, the process of constructing the risk assessment model includes: Integrate the patient's personal information with the assessment results of their physiological and psychological states, analyze the patient's nutritional status, living habits, and family genetic disease history based on the patient's personal information to preliminarily determine the patient's physical condition, and use the assessment results of their physiological and psychological states to analyze the patient's potential health risks and psychological state trends; Based on the patient's basic information, physiological state and psychological state assessment results, the correlation features of the physiological state and psychological state assessment are extracted, and the preset operation duration indicators are extracted to obtain a risk indicator set, which is divided into a training set and a test set. The training set data is used to train the neural network model, and then a surgical risk assessment model is constructed. The surgical risk assessment model is evaluated with the test set data, and the trained surgical risk assessment model is used to predict surgical risks; Based on the surgical risk assessment model and relevant data of the risk indicator set, the risk assessment coefficient is calculated by combining the physiological state assessment index, the psychological state assessment index and the preset surgical duration index to analyze the severity of the surgical risk; Using the value of the risk assessment coefficient and the severity of the surgical risk, different risk levels are set, namely low risk level, medium risk level and high risk level, and corresponding distinction thresholds are set for each risk level; According to the specific situation of the patient, a personalized surgical plan is formulated, and corresponding emergency measures are reserved according to the determined risk level. The expression of the risk assessment coefficient is: ； in, represents the risk assessment coefficient, represents the physiological status assessment index, represents the mental status assessment index, represents the actual duration of the operation, represents the benchmark surgery duration, which is the average duration of similar surgeries. and Represents the adjustment coefficient, which is used to balance the impact of different factors on surgical risks. The value range of is between 0 and 1, where 1 represents the lowest risk and approaches 0 represent a gradually increasing risk; A plurality of the risk levels correspond to a plurality of the differentiation thresholds, wherein the differentiation thresholds include an upper threshold and a lower threshold; The multiple risk levels and the multiple differentiation thresholds satisfy the following relationship: Low risk level ; Medium risk level ; High risk level ; in, is the risk assessment coefficient, is the lower threshold corresponding to the low risk level and the upper threshold corresponding to the medium risk level, is the lower threshold corresponding to the medium risk level and the upper threshold corresponding to the high risk level, , ; The decision support module provides personalized surgical decision support based on the surgical risk assessment results, and formulates corresponding emergency plans based on the assessed surgical risks; The postoperative rehabilitation follow-up module is used to formulate a personalized postoperative rehabilitation plan and track the patient's rehabilitation progress.

2. The orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the patient information collection module, the process of collecting the patient's physiological state data and psychological state data includes: Through the electronic health record system, basic information data such as age, gender, height, weight, past medical history, allergy history, and family medical history of the patient are collected; Collect the patient's vital signs and physiological status data of nutritional status, where vital signs data include bone density, muscle strength, joint mobility, coagulation function, and blood sugar level, and nutritional status data include the intake and absorption of protein, vitamins, and mineral nutrients; The patient's psychological state was scored using the anxiety self-rating scale, and the patient's psychological state was scored in conjunction with the medical staff's interviews and inquiries, thereby obtaining the patient's psychological state data; The collected basic information data, physiological status data and psychological status data are integrated to form the patient's health record, and the electronic medical record system is used to electronically store and manage the patient's health record.

3. The orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the physiological state assessment module, the process of comprehensively assessing the patient's physiological state includes: Obtain patients' vital signs and nutritional status data from the electronic medical record system, clean, denoise and standardize the collected data, and convert physiological data of different units and magnitudes into a unified magnitude; Extract characteristics reflecting the patient's physiological function from the vital signs data, including bone health indicators, muscle strength indicators, joint mobility indicators, coagulation function indicators, and blood sugar level indicators. Extract characteristics reflecting the patient's nutritional status from the nutritional status data, including protein intake, vitamin intake, and mineral intake. Analyze the correlation between physiological function characteristics and nutritional status characteristics. Based on the extracted physiological function characteristics and nutritional status characteristics of the patient, the score of each characteristic is calculated, and the values ​​of each characteristic are comprehensively processed to obtain the physiological status evaluation index, and the physiological status of the patient is evaluated; Based on the calculation results of the physiological status assessment index, the patient's physiological status is divided into different health risk levels to determine the potential health risks.

4. The orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The expression of the physiological status assessment index is: ； in, represents the physiological status assessment index, Indicates The standardized scoring values ​​of physiological function indicators are Indicates The baseline score of each physiological function index is the midpoint of the normal range. Indicates The standardized score of each nutritional status indicator is represents the sum of the baseline scores of all nutritional status indicators, Indicates the number of physiological function indicators, represents the number of nutritional status indicators, Represents the adjustment index, which is used to adjust the impact of the summation term. The value is between 0 and 1.

5. The orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the mental state assessment module, the process of comprehensively assessing the patient's mental state includes: Extracting patients' psychological status data from the electronic medical record system, including psychological assessment scales and interview records, and preprocessing the psychological status data. The preprocessing operation includes data cleaning and standardization steps. Data cleaning removes erroneous and inconsistent data points, and standardization converts the scores of psychological assessment scales and interview records into a unified scale. Organize and analyze the collected psychological state data, extract characteristic indicators reflecting the patient's psychological state, including anxiety level, depression tendency, degree, and preset characteristic indicator scoring benchmark values ​​to score each psychological state characteristic indicator; Comprehensively analyze the scores of various characteristic indicators, calculate the psychological state assessment index, and normalize the calculated value of the psychological state assessment index to quantitatively analyze the patient's psychological state and evaluate the patient's psychological state trend; According to the value of the psychological state assessment index, the patient's psychological state is divided into different psychological levels, namely healthy, mildly abnormal, moderately abnormal, and severely abnormal. The psychological state is analyzed and interpreted in combination with the patient's specific situation; Based on the results of the psychological status assessment, the patient's main psychological problems and their influencing factors are identified, and personalized psychological intervention measures are developed. The intervention measures include psychological counseling, psychotherapy, drug therapy, physical therapy and other methods.

6. The orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The expression of the mental state assessment index is: ； ； in, represents the mental status assessment index, Indicates The standardized scores of the psychological state characteristic indicators, Indicates The baseline score of the psychological state characteristic index is the midpoint of the healthy range of the index. Indicates The deviation of the psychological state characteristic index reflects the deviation degree of the psychological state index from the baseline state. represents the number of characteristic indicators of psychological states, The value is between 0 and 1.

7. An orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the decision support module, the process of providing personalized surgical decision support and formulating emergency plans includes: According to the surgical risk assessment results, determine the specific risk level of the surgery, provide personalized surgical decision support and formulate corresponding emergency plans based on the individual differences and risk levels of the patients; For low-risk patients, standard surgical plans are provided, including routine preoperative preparation and postoperative care. For medium-risk patients, further diagnostic tests and adjusted anesthesia plans are performed. For high-risk patients, risk management plans are developed for patients, including multidisciplinary team discussions and additional monitoring measures. For low-risk levels, the emergency plan includes routine postoperative monitoring and preparation of a rapid response team, for medium-risk levels, the emergency plan includes additional preoperative physiological function optimization measures and enhanced intraoperative monitoring, and for high-risk levels, the emergency plan includes preoperative multidisciplinary discussions, advanced intraoperative monitoring, and enhanced postoperative care; Prepare appropriate emergency medicines and equipment according to the risk level, arrange emergency personnel on standby, and continuously monitor the patient's condition, and fine-tune the surgical plan and treatment plan based on the patient's actual condition during and after the operation.

8. An orthopedic surgery risk assessment and decision support system according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the postoperative rehabilitation follow-up module, the process of formulating a personalized postoperative rehabilitation plan includes: In the early postoperative period, a comprehensive physical assessment is conducted on the patient, including wound healing, pain level, and recovery of physical function. Based on the individual differences of the patient, a personalized rehabilitation plan is developed, which includes pain management, functional exercise, nutritional support, and psychological care. Through regular follow-up, we evaluate the patient's pain control, functional recovery, nutritional status and psychological state. We use telephone and Internet to follow up and arrange regular review and evaluation according to the patient's recovery status. Record the patient's rehabilitation progress and follow-up status, regularly evaluate the patient's rehabilitation effects, and adjust the rehabilitation plan based on the evaluation results.

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