A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases

Abstract

The invention provides a high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases, and belongs to the technical field of pepper planting. The planting method comprises preparing a bactericidal growth promoter, pretreating pepper seeds, raising seedlings and transplanting, and managing after transplanting. The preparation of the bactericidal growth promoter comprises pretreating jute fibers, hydroxylating, oxidizing, modifying, crosslinking and mixing. In the crosslinking, chitosan-modified jute fibers are put into an acetic acid solution, chloroindole hydrazide is added for stirring, after stirring evenly, the temperature is increased to 50-54 DEG C, and a vanillin solution is added at a rate of 1.8-2.2 mL / min, stirring is performed while adding, and the stirring speed is 262-275 rpm. After the addition is completed, the solution is stirred at a temperature-insulating temperature of 1.8-2.2 h, and after the reaction is completed, the solution is filtered, washed, freeze-dried, and naturally restored to room temperature to obtain a primary bactericidal growth promoter. The planting method of the invention has low soil pollution, high pepper yield, and high protein content.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper planting, and in particular relates to a high-quality pepper planting method for controlling diseases and insect pests. Background Art

[0002] Pepper is a plant of the genus Capsicum in the Solanaceae family. It is an annual or limited perennial herb. Its entire growth and development process is generally divided into germination stage, seedling stage, initial flowering stage and fruiting stage. According to field surveys during pepper planting, the main diseases and pests in the seedling stage of pepper are damping-off disease, aphids and thrips. It is prone to blight, bacterial wilt, viral diseases, aphids, noctuid armyworms, etc. in the initial flowering stage. The main diseases and pests in the fruiting stage are gray mold, anthracnose, whiteflies, red spiders, etc.

[0003] The existing control technology for pepper diseases and pests usually involves spraying a large amount of chemicals and fertilizers in each period. However, the long-term use of excessive chemicals and fertilizers will, firstly, lead to increased resistance of pests and diseases and reduced control effects; secondly, while controlling pests and diseases, it will affect the pepper plants themselves, hindering the growth and development of the pepper plants, affecting the quality and yield of the peppers; thirdly, it will pollute the soil, reduce the quality of the soil, and prevent the pepper plants from growing and developing normally, which will ultimately affect the quality and yield of the peppers.

[0004] CN111742795A discloses a cultivation method for preventing and controlling pests of fruits and vegetables, which specifically comprises the following steps: burying a blind ditch 40 to 50 cm below the ground surface of a pepper planting site, laying a water pipeline in the blind ditch, and evenly distributing water holes on the top of the water pipeline; supplying water to the pepper roots through the water pipeline once every 1 to 2 days on sunny days; not supplying water on rainy days; supplying water to the pepper roots through the water pipeline once every 3 to 7 days on cloudy days; when supplying water to the pepper roots, the water wets 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the pepper roots; and when the peppers are planted, sterilizing drugs are used to irrigate the roots;

[0005] The patented method is used to control pests and diseases during pepper cultivation, which can reduce the incidence of pepper root rot and the probability of pepper being infected with root rot bacteria. However, this method requires frequent water supply to the roots of peppers through water pipes, and it is mainly used to control pepper root rot, and has poor control effects on other pests and diseases.

[0006] CN117178818A provides a method for cultivating pepper plants, which comprises selecting pepper varieties with high yield, high quality and pest resistance, sowing them in nutrient soil or nutrient pots, reasonably controlling the water and nutrient supply, and adopting a combination of biological control and chemical methods to effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases, wherein biological control can use natural enemy insects, antibiotics, etc.; chemical control can use low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides, such as pyrimidine, fipronil, etc.;

[0007] This method can shorten the growth cycle of peppers, improve the disease and pest resistance of pepper plants, and increase the yield and quality of pepper fruits, but it still has defects such as low yield, poor quality, and low protein content. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases, which has good pest and disease control effects, little soil pollution, high pepper yield, good quality, and high protein content.

[0009] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A high-quality pepper cultivation method that controls pests and diseases includes the following:

[0011] 1. Preparation of bactericidal growth promoter

[0012] (1) Jute fiber pretreatment

[0013] The jute fibers are placed in a sealed container, introduced into a sodium hydroxide solution, and the temperature is raised to 93-97° C. and stirred for 2.8-3.2 hours. After the stirring is completed, the jute fibers are filtered, washed, and dried to obtain pretreated jute fibers.

[0014] The jute fiber has a length of 0.6-1.0 mm and a diameter of 0.13-0.18 mm;

[0015] The mass ratio of the jute fiber to the sodium hydroxide solution is 13-17:124-136;

[0016] The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 38-42%;

[0017] (2) Hydroxylation

[0018] The pretreated jute fiber is placed in an ethanol solution, dodecyl hydroxystearic acid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone are added, the temperature is raised to 61-65°C at a rate of 1.7-2.3°C / min, and the solution is stirred for 28-32 minutes. After the stirring is completed, epichlorohydrin is added, the temperature is raised to 76-80°C, and the solution is stirred for 1.6-2.0 hours. After the stirring is completed, the solution is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain hydroxylated jute fiber.

[0019] The mass ratio of the pretreated jute fiber, ethanol solution, dodecyl hydroxystearic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and epichlorohydrin is 12.5-12.9:106-114:0.6-0.8:0.8-1.2:4.8-5.3;

[0020] The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 57-63%;

[0021] (3) Oxidation

[0022] The hydroxylated jute fiber is put into an acid solution, the temperature is increased to 85-90°C, and the reaction is stirred for 1.8-2.3 hours at a stirring speed of 214-227 rpm. After the stirring reaction is completed, the fiber is filtered, washed with deionized water, and then put into an ammonium persulfate solution, ultrasonically dispersed for 10-15 minutes at an ultrasonic power of 114-126 W. After the ultrasonic dispersion is completed, the temperature is increased to 76-80°C, and the reaction is kept warm for 22-27 minutes. After the reaction is completed, the fiber is separated and dried to obtain the carboxylated jute fiber.

[0023] The acid solution is a mixture of 38-42wt% hydrochloric acid solution and 10-15wt% citric acid solution, and the mass ratio of the 38-42wt% hydrochloric acid solution to the 10-15wt% citric acid solution is 3.7-4.2:1.0-1.3;

[0024] The mass concentration of the ammonium persulfate solution is 35-40%;

[0025] The mass ratio of the hydroxylated jute fiber, acid solution, deionized water, and ammonium persulfate solution is 11.1-11.5:52-56:57-63:70-74;

[0026] (4) Modification

[0027] Add deionized water into a sealed container, then add carboxylated jute fiber and chitosan, and stir for 35-43 minutes at a stirring speed of 130-150 rpm. After stirring, raise the temperature to 100-105° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, add concentrated sulfuric acid, and keep the temperature for reaction for 3.1-3.5 hours. After the heat preservation reaction is completed, separate and dry to obtain chitosan-modified jute fiber;

[0028] The mass ratio of the deionized water, hydroxylated jute fiber, chitosan and concentrated sulfuric acid is 3.5-4.0:13.4-13.8:9.8-10.4:0.40-0.44;

[0029] (5) Cross-linking

[0030] The chitosan-modified jute fiber is put into an acetic acid solution, and chloroindole hydrazide is added and stirred. After stirring evenly, the temperature is raised to 50-54°C at a rate of 0.5-1.5°C / min, and the vanillin solution is slowly added, and the addition rate is controlled to be 1.8-2.2mL / min. Stirring is performed while adding, and the stirring speed is controlled to be 262-275rpm. After the addition is completed, the mixture is kept warm and stirred for 1.8-2.2h. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered and washed, and then placed at -37 to -33°C for freeze drying for 11-13h. After the freeze drying is completed, the mixture is naturally restored to room temperature to obtain a primary bactericidal growth promoter;

[0031] The vanillin solution is a mixture of vanillin and 3.0-3.4wt% acetic acid solution, and the mass ratio of the vanillin to the 3.0-3.4wt% acetic acid solution is 0.22-0.25:4.5-5.0;

[0032] The mass ratio of the chitosan modified jute fiber, acetic acid solution, chloroindole hydrazide, and vanillin solution is 7.7-8.2 g: 295-304 mL: 0.8-1.2 g: 135-140 mL;

[0033] The mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 3.0-3.4%;

[0034] (6) Mixing

[0035] The primary bactericidal growth promoter, chlorothalonil, a regulator, a nutrient solution, tea saponin and sodium alginate are mixed, stirred evenly, dried, and passed through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a bactericidal growth promoter;

[0036] The mass ratio of the primary bactericidal growth promoter, thiophanate-methyl, regulator, nutrient solution, tea saponin and sodium alginate is 47.0-47.5:0.06-0.08:0.7-0.9:8.4-8.8:0.83-0.87:1.0-1.2;

[0037] The regulator is gibberellin and brassinolide, and the mass ratio of the gibberellin to brassinolide is 1:0.8-1.2;

[0038] The nutrient solution is a mixture of potassium humate, urea, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, calcium chloride and deionized water, and the mass ratios are 5.5-6.0:9.1-9.5:1.5-1.8:2.0-2.3:1.0-1.5:114-125 respectively.

[0039] 2. Pepper seed pretreatment

[0040] Place 98-103g of pepper seeds in 22-26g of deionized water, add 4.8-5.1g of fungicide and growth promoter and stir. After stirring evenly, increase the temperature to 30-34°C and let stand for 17-23min. After standing, dry at 28-32°C for 37-45min to obtain pretreated pepper seeds.

[0041] 3. Seedling transplanting

[0042] The pretreated pepper seeds were raised for seedling cultivation, the light duration was controlled to be 16 hours per day, the no-light duration was controlled to be 8 hours per day, the seedling temperature was controlled to be 26-28°C during light, and the seedling temperature was controlled to be 18-20°C during no-light, until the seedlings grew to 13-16 cm, and pepper seedlings were obtained, and the pepper seedlings were transplanted and planted, the row spacing was controlled to be 47-52 cm, and the plant spacing was controlled to be 32-36 cm, and on the 7th day after planting, 44-48 kg of compound fertilizer was applied per mu;

[0043] The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing diammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate, and the mass ratio of the diammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate is 17-19:11-14:14-16.

[0044] 4. Management after transplanting

[0045] When the pepper seedlings grow to a length of 2 cm, apply a sterilizing and growth-promoting functional liquid to the roots of the pepper seedlings, applying 354-365 g per plant;

[0046] The bactericidal growth promoting functional liquid is composed of a bactericidal growth promoting agent and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the bactericidal growth promoting agent to the deionized water is 10-13:100-110.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects:

[0048] 1. The present invention uses jute fiber as the matrix of the bactericidal growth promoter, firstly performs hydroxylation treatment on the fiber, so that the epoxy group is ring-opened to generate new hydroxyl groups, thereby making the fiber surface rich in hydroxyl groups, and also increasing the surface dispersion performance of the fiber, avoiding the aggregation phenomenon between fibers, and then oxidizing the hydroxyl groups to carboxyl groups in an acidic environment, and reacting the carboxylated fiber with chitosan under the condition of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst, so that the chitosan modified fiber contains amino groups, and the introduction of chitosan is conducive to the growth and development of peppers, and enhances the disease resistance and adversity resistance of peppers. In the cross-linking step, vanillin is used as a cross-linking agent to cross-link the chitosan modified fiber with chloroindole hydrazide, which forms a stable cross-linked network structure, which can improve the soil The invention has good air permeability and water holding capacity, and chloroindole hydrazide and vanillin form a hydrazide Schiff base structure, which also contains a urea structure and can be used as a urea nitrogen fertilizer to continuously provide nutrients for pepper plants. Chloroindole hydrazide is a bactericidal and antiviral agent, which can improve the disease and insect pest resistance of peppers. In the mixing step, it can also stably adsorb and combine the regulator and the nutrient solution, thereby improving the long-term effect of the bactericidal growth promoter, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and having little pollution to the soil. It acts on pepper seeds to promote seed germination, improve seed germination rate, enhance disease and insect pest resistance, and make the growth and development performance of pepper seedlings good and the seedlings strong. It is applied again during the fruiting period to ensure the nutrition of pepper plants during the fruiting period, improve the yield of peppers, and enhance the quality of peppers.

[0049] 2. When peppers are planted using the method of the present invention, during the growth period after the pepper seedlings are transplanted, the incidence of bacterial wilt is 1.0-1.4%, the incidence of anthracnose is 0.7-1.1%, the incidence of damping-off is 0-0.4%, and the incidence of aphids is 0.5-0.8%;

[0050] 3. The method of the present invention is used to grow peppers, and the yield per mu is 3414-3425 kg, the total weight of a single fruit is 251-257 g, and the four-ventricle rate is 97.5-98.2%;

[0051] 4. The peppers grown by the method of the present invention have a protein content of 1.23-1.26 g / 100 g, a vitamin C content of 1.24-1.29 mg / g, and a soluble sugar content of 3.46-3.51%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to more clearly understand the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] 1. Preparation of bactericidal growth promoter

[0055] (1) Jute fiber pretreatment

[0056] 15 g of jute fiber was placed in a sealed container, and 130 g of 40 wt% sodium hydroxide solution was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 95° C. and stirred for 3.0 h. After the stirring was completed, the jute fiber was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the pretreated jute fiber.

[0057] The jute fiber has a length of 0.8 mm and a diameter of 0.15 mm;

[0058] (2) Hydroxylation

[0059] 12.7 g of pretreated jute fiber was placed in 110 g of 60 wt% ethanol solution, 0.7 g of dodecyl hydroxystearic acid and 1.0 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone were added, the temperature was raised to 63°C at a rate of 2.0°C / min, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. After the stirring was completed, 5.0 g of epichlorohydrin was added, the temperature was raised to 78°C, and the mixture was stirred for 1.8 h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain hydroxylated jute fiber.

[0060] (3) Oxidation

[0061] 11.3 g of hydroxylated jute fiber was added to 54 g of acid solution, the temperature was raised to 87° C., and the reaction was stirred for 2.0 h at a stirring speed of 220 rpm. After the stirring reaction was completed, the fiber was filtered, washed with 60 g of deionized water, and then added to 72 g of ammonium persulfate solution, and ultrasonically dispersed for 12 min at an ultrasonic power of 120 W. After the ultrasonic dispersion was completed, the temperature was raised to 78° C. and the fiber was kept warm for 25 min. After the reaction was completed, the fiber was separated and dried to obtain carboxylated jute fiber.

[0062] The acid solution is a mixture of 40wt% hydrochloric acid solution and 12wt% citric acid solution, and the mass ratio of the 40wt% hydrochloric acid solution to the 12wt% citric acid solution is 3.9:1.1;

[0063] The mass concentration of the ammonium persulfate solution is 37%;

[0064] (4) Modification

[0065] 3.7 g of deionized water was added to a sealed container, followed by 13.6 g of carboxylated jute fiber and 10.1 g of chitosan, and the mixture was stirred for 40 min at a stirring speed of 140 rpm. After the stirring, the temperature was raised to 103° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, and 0.42 g of concentrated sulfuric acid was added. The mixture was kept warm for 3.3 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was separated and dried to obtain chitosan-modified jute fiber.

[0066] (5) Cross-linking

[0067] 8.0 g of chitosan-modified jute fiber was added to 300 mL of 3.2 wt% acetic acid solution, 1.0 g of chloroindole hydrazide was added and stirred, after stirring evenly, the temperature was raised to 52°C at a rate of 1.0°C / min, 137 mL of vanillin solution was slowly added, the addition rate was controlled to be 2.0 mL / min, stirring was performed while adding, and the stirring speed was controlled to be 270 rpm. After the addition was completed, the mixture was kept warm and stirred for 2.0 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered and washed, and then freeze-dried at -35°C for 12 h. After freeze-drying, the mixture was naturally restored to room temperature to obtain a primary bactericidal growth promoter.

[0068] The vanillin solution is a mixture of vanillin and 3.2wt% acetic acid solution, and the mass ratio of the vanillin to the 3.2wt% acetic acid solution is 0.23:4.7;

[0069] (6) Mixing

[0070] 47.3 g of a primary bactericidal growth promoter, 0.07 g of chlorothalonil, 0.8 g of a regulator, 8.6 g of a nutrient solution, 0.85 g of tea saponin, and 1.1 g of sodium alginate were mixed, stirred evenly, dried, and passed through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a bactericidal growth promoter;

[0071] The regulator is gibberellin and brassinolide, and the mass ratio of the gibberellin to brassinolide is 1:1;

[0072] The nutrient solution is a mixture of potassium humate, urea, zinc sulfate, ferric sulfate, calcium chloride and deionized water, and the mass ratios are 5.7:9.3:1.7:2.1:1.3:120 respectively.

[0073] 2. Pepper Seed Pretreatment

[0074] Place 100 g of pepper seeds in 24 g of deionized water, add 5.0 g of fungicide and growth promoter and stir. After stirring evenly, raise the temperature to 32°C and let stand for 20 minutes. After standing, dry at 30°C for 40 minutes to obtain pretreated pepper seeds.

[0075] 3. Seedling transplanting

[0076] The pretreated pepper seeds were raised for seedling cultivation, the light duration was controlled to be 16 hours per day, the no-light duration was controlled to be 8 hours per day, the seedling temperature was controlled to be 27°C during light, and the seedling temperature was controlled to be 19°C during no light, until the seedlings grew to 13-16 cm, and pepper seedlings were obtained, and the pepper seedlings were transplanted and planted, the row spacing was controlled to be 47-52 cm, and the plant spacing was controlled to be 32-36 cm, and 46 kg of compound fertilizer was applied per mu on the 7th day after planting;

[0077] The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing diammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate, and the mass ratio of the diammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate is 18:13:15.

[0078] 4. Management after transplanting

[0079] When the pepper seedlings grow to a length of 2 cm, apply a sterilizing and growth-promoting functional liquid to the roots of the pepper seedlings, 360 g per plant;

[0080] The bactericidal growth promoting functional liquid is composed of a bactericidal growth promoting agent and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the bactericidal growth promoting agent to the deionized water is 12:104.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] 1. Preparation of bactericidal growth promoter

[0083] (1) Jute fiber pretreatment

[0084] 13 g of jute fiber was placed in a sealed container, and 124 g of 38 wt% sodium hydroxide solution was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 93° C. and stirred for 2.8 h. After the stirring was completed, the jute fiber was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain pretreated jute fiber.

[0085] The jute fiber has a length of 0.6 mm and a diameter of 0.13 mm;

[0086] (2) Hydroxylation

[0087] 12.5 g of pretreated jute fiber was placed in 106 g of 57 wt% ethanol solution, 0.6 g of dodecyl hydroxystearic acid and 0.8 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone were added, the temperature was raised to 61°C at a rate of 1.7°C / min, and the mixture was stirred for 28 min. After the stirring was completed, 4.8 g of epichlorohydrin was added, the temperature was raised to 76°C, and the mixture was stirred for 1.6 h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain hydroxylated jute fiber.

[0088] (3) Oxidation

[0089] 11.1 g of hydroxylated jute fiber was added to 52 g of acid solution, the temperature was raised to 85°C, and the reaction was stirred for 1.8 h at a stirring speed of 214 rpm. After the stirring reaction was completed, the fiber was filtered, washed with 57 g of deionized water, and then added to 70 g of ammonium persulfate solution, and ultrasonically dispersed for 10 min at an ultrasonic power of 114 W. After the ultrasonic dispersion was completed, the temperature was raised to 76°C, and the reaction was kept warm for 22 min. After the reaction was completed, the fiber was separated and dried to obtain carboxylated jute fiber.

[0090] The acid solution is a mixture of 38wt% hydrochloric acid solution and 10wt% citric acid solution, and the mass ratio of the 38wt% hydrochloric acid solution to the 10wt% citric acid solution is 3.7:1.0;

[0091] The mass concentration of the ammonium persulfate solution is 35%;

[0092] (4) Modification

[0093] 3.5 g of deionized water was added to a sealed container, followed by 13.4 g of carboxylated jute fiber and 9.8 g of chitosan, and the mixture was stirred for 35 min at a stirring speed of 130 rpm. After the stirring, the temperature was raised to 100° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, and 0.40 g of concentrated sulfuric acid was added. The mixture was kept warm for 3.1 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was separated and dried to obtain chitosan-modified jute fiber.

[0094] (5) Cross-linking

[0095] 7.7 g of chitosan-modified jute fiber was added to 295 mL of 3.0 wt% acetic acid solution, 0.8 g of chloroindole hydrazide was added and stirred, after stirring evenly, the temperature was raised to 50°C at a rate of 0.5°C / min, 135 mL of vanillin solution was slowly added, the addition rate was controlled to be 1.8 mL / min, stirring was performed while adding, and the stirring speed was controlled to be 262 rpm. After the addition was completed, the mixture was kept warm and stirred for 1.8 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered and washed, and then freeze-dried at -37°C for 11 h. After freeze-drying, the mixture was naturally restored to room temperature to obtain a primary bactericidal growth promoter;

[0096] The vanillin solution is a mixture of vanillin and 3.0wt% acetic acid solution, and the mass ratio of the vanillin to the 3.0wt% acetic acid solution is 0.22:4.5;

[0097] (6) Mixing

[0098] 47.0 g of a first-class bactericidal growth promoter, 0.06 g of chlorothalonil, 0.7 g of a regulator, 8.4 g of a nutrient solution, 0.83 g of tea saponin, and 1.0 g of sodium alginate were mixed, stirred evenly, dried, and passed through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a bactericidal growth promoter;

[0099] The regulator is gibberellin and brassinolide, and the mass ratio of gibberellin to brassinolide is 1:1.2;

[0100] The nutrient solution is a mixture of potassium humate, urea, zinc sulfate, ferric sulfate, calcium chloride and deionized water, and the mass ratios are 5.5:9.1:1.5:2.0:1.0:114 respectively.

[0101] 2. Pepper seed pretreatment

[0102] 98 g of pepper seeds were placed in 22 g of deionized water, and 4.8 g of bactericide and growth promoter were added and stirred. After stirring evenly, the temperature was raised to 30°C and allowed to stand for 17 minutes. After standing, the seeds were dried at 28°C for 45 minutes to obtain pretreated pepper seeds.

[0103] 3. Seedling transplanting

[0104] The pretreated pepper seeds were raised for seedling cultivation, the light duration was controlled to be 16 hours per day, the no-light duration was controlled to be 8 hours per day, the seedling temperature was controlled to be 26°C during light, and the seedling temperature was controlled to be 18°C ​​during no-light, until the seedlings grew to 13-16 cm, and pepper seedlings were obtained, and the pepper seedlings were transplanted and planted, the row spacing was controlled to be 47-52 cm, and the plant spacing was controlled to be 32-36 cm, and 44 kg of compound fertilizer was applied per mu on the 7th day after planting;

[0105] The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing diammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate, and the mass ratio of the diammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate is 17:11:14.

[0106] 4. Management after transplanting

[0107] When the pepper seedlings grow to a length of 2 cm, apply a sterilizing and growth-promoting functional liquid to the roots of the pepper seedlings, 354 g per plant;

[0108] The bactericidal growth promoting functional liquid is composed of a bactericidal growth promoting agent and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the bactericidal growth promoting agent to the deionized water is 10:100.

[0109] Example 3

[0110] 1. Preparation of bactericidal growth promoter

[0111] (1) Jute fiber pretreatment

[0112] 17 g of jute fiber was placed in a sealed container, and 136 g of 42 wt% sodium hydroxide solution was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 97° C. and stirred for 3.2 h. After the stirring was completed, the jute fiber was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain pretreated jute fiber.

[0113] The jute fiber has a length of 1.0 mm and a diameter of 0.18 mm;

[0114] (2) Hydroxylation

[0115] 12.9 g of pretreated jute fiber was placed in 114 g of 63 wt% ethanol solution, 0.8 g of dodecyl hydroxystearic acid and 1.2 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone were added, the temperature was raised to 65°C at a rate of 2.3°C / min, and the mixture was stirred for 32 min. After the stirring was completed, 5.3 g of epichlorohydrin was added, the temperature was raised to 80°C, and the mixture was stirred for 2.0 h. After the stirring was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain hydroxylated jute fiber.

[0116] (3) Oxidation

[0117] 11.5 g of hydroxylated jute fiber was added to 56 g of acid solution, the temperature was raised to 90° C., and the reaction was stirred for 2.3 h at a stirring speed of 227 rpm. After the stirring reaction was completed, the fiber was filtered, washed with 63 g of deionized water, and then added to 74 g of ammonium persulfate solution, and ultrasonically dispersed for 15 min at an ultrasonic power of 126 W. After the ultrasonic dispersion was completed, the temperature was raised to 80° C. and the reaction was kept warm for 27 min. After the reaction was completed, the fiber was separated and dried to obtain carboxylated jute fiber.

[0118] The acid solution is a mixture of 42wt% hydrochloric acid solution and 15wt% citric acid solution, and the mass ratio of the 42wt% hydrochloric acid solution to the 15wt% citric acid solution is 4.2:1.3;

[0119] The mass concentration of the ammonium persulfate solution is 40%;

[0120] (4) Modification

[0121] 4.0 g of deionized water was added to a sealed container, followed by 13.8 g of carboxylated jute fiber and 10.4 g of chitosan, and the mixture was stirred for 43 min at a stirring speed of 150 rpm. After the stirring was completed, the temperature was raised to 105° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, 0.44 g of concentrated sulfuric acid was added, and the mixture was kept warm for 3.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was separated and dried to obtain chitosan-modified jute fiber.

[0122] (5) Cross-linking

[0123] 8.2 g of chitosan-modified jute fiber was added to 304 mL of 3.40 wt% acetic acid solution, 1.2 g of chloroindole hydrazide was added and stirred, after stirring evenly, the temperature was raised to 54 °C at a rate of 1.5 °C / min, 140 mL of vanillin solution was slowly added, the addition rate was controlled to be 2.2 mL / min, stirring was performed while adding, and the stirring speed was controlled to be 275 rpm. After the addition was completed, the mixture was kept warm and stirred for 2.2 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered and washed, and then freeze-dried at -33 °C for 13 h. After freeze-drying, the mixture was naturally restored to room temperature to obtain a primary bactericidal growth promoter.

[0124] The vanillin solution is a mixture of vanillin and 3.4wt% acetic acid solution, and the mass ratio of the vanillin to the 3.4wt% acetic acid solution is 0.25:5.0;

[0125] (6) Mixing

[0126] 47.5 g of a first-class bactericidal growth promoter, 0.08 g of chlorothalonil, 0.9 g of a regulator, 8.8 g of a nutrient solution, 0.87 g of tea saponin, and 1.2 g of sodium alginate were mixed, stirred evenly, dried, and passed through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a bactericidal growth promoter;

[0127] The regulator is gibberellin and brassinolide, and the mass ratio of gibberellin to brassinolide is 1:0.8;

[0128] The nutrient solution is a mixture of potassium humate, urea, zinc sulfate, ferric sulfate, calcium chloride and deionized water, and the mass ratios are 6.0:9.5:1.8:2.3:1.5:125 respectively.

[0129] 2. Pepper Seed Pretreatment

[0130] Place 103g of pepper seeds in 26g of deionized water, add 5.1g of bactericidal growth promoter and stir. After stirring evenly, raise the temperature to 34°C and let stand for 23min. After standing, dry at 32°C for 37min to obtain pretreated pepper seeds.

[0131] 3. Seedling transplanting

[0132] The pretreated pepper seeds were raised for seedling cultivation, the light duration was controlled to be 16 hours per day, the no-light duration was controlled to be 8 hours per day, the seedling temperature was controlled to be 28°C during light, and the seedling temperature was controlled to be 20°C during no-light, until the seedlings grew to 13-16 cm, and pepper seedlings were obtained, and the pepper seedlings were transplanted and planted, the row spacing was controlled to be 47-52 cm, and the plant spacing was controlled to be 32-36 cm, and 48 kg of compound fertilizer was applied per mu on the 7th day after planting;

[0133] The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing diammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate, and the mass ratio of the diammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate is 19:14:16.

[0134] 4. Management after transplanting

[0135] When the pepper seedlings grow to a length of 2 cm, apply a sterilizing and growth-promoting functional liquid to the roots of the pepper seedlings, 365 g per plant;

[0136] The bactericidal growth promoting functional liquid is composed of a bactericidal growth promoting agent and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the bactericidal growth promoting agent to the deionized water is 13:110.

[0137] Comparative Example 1

[0138] Based on Example 1, the change is that in the step of preparing the bactericidal growth promoter,

[0139] (1) The hydroxylation step was omitted; in the oxidation step, the hydroxylated jute fiber was replaced by an equal amount of pretreated jute fiber;

[0140] (2) The cross-linking step was omitted; in the mixing step, the primary bactericidal growth promoter was replaced by chitosan-modified jute fiber in equal amounts;

[0141] The rest of the operations are the same.

[0142] Comparative Example 2

[0143] Based on Example 1, the change is that in the step of preparing the bactericidal growth promoter,

[0144] (1) The modification step is to add 3.7 g of deionized water into a sealed container, then add 13.6 g of carboxylated jute fiber and 10.1 g of chitosan, and stir evenly to obtain chitosan-modified jute fiber;

[0145] (2) The cross-linking step is to put 8.0g of chitosan-modified jute fiber into 300mL of 3.2wt% acetic acid solution, raise the temperature to 52°C at a rate of 1.0°C / min, add 137mL of vanillin solution, stir at 270rpm for 2.0h, filter and wash after stirring, freeze-dry at -35°C for 12h, and wait for the freeze-drying to naturally return to room temperature to obtain a primary bactericidal growth promoter;

[0146] The vanillin solution is a mixture of vanillin and 3.2wt% acetic acid solution, and the mass ratio of the vanillin to the 3.2wt% acetic acid solution is 0.23:4.7;

[0147] The rest of the operations are the same.

[0148] Performance Testing

[0149] A pepper planting experiment was conducted in Shouguang City, Weifang City, Shandong Province. Specifically, 15 mu of planting test land was selected and divided into 5 plots, each with 3 mu. The planting methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used to plant peppers in the 5 planting test plots. The pepper variety was Huangdi colored pepper.

[0150] During the growth period after transplanting pepper seedlings, the incidence of bacterial wilt, anthracnose, damping-off and aphids of pepper plants were measured. After harvesting, the yield per mu and average single fruit weight were calculated. The protein content, vitamin C content and soluble sugar content of pepper fruits were tested. The specific results are as follows:

[0151]

[0152] The present invention adopts jute fiber as the matrix of the bactericidal growth promoter, firstly performs hydroxylation treatment on the fiber, so that the epoxy group is ring-opened to generate new hydroxyl groups, thereby making the fiber surface rich in hydroxyl groups, and also increasing the surface dispersion performance of the fiber, avoiding the aggregation phenomenon between the fibers, then oxidizing the hydroxyl groups to carboxyl groups in an acidic environment, and reacting the carboxylated fiber with chitosan under the condition of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst, so that the chitosan modified fiber contains amino groups, and the introduction of chitosan is conducive to the growth and development of peppers, and enhances the disease resistance and adversity resistance of peppers. In the cross-linking step, vanillin is used as a cross-linking agent to cross-link the chitosan modified fiber with chloroindole hydrazide, which forms a stable cross-linked network structure, and can improve the air permeability of the soil. and water holding capacity, and chloroindole hydrazide and vanillin form a hydrazide Schiff base structure, which also contains a urea structure and can be used as a urea nitrogen fertilizer to continuously provide nutrients for pepper plants. Chloroindole hydrazide, as a bactericidal and antiviral agent, can improve the disease and insect pest resistance of peppers; in the mixing step, it can also stably adsorb and combine the regulator and the nutrient solution, thereby improving the long-term effect of the bactericidal growth promoter, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and having little pollution to the soil. It acts on pepper seeds to promote seed germination, improve seed germination rate, enhance disease and insect pest resistance, and make the growth and development performance of pepper seedlings good, and the seedlings strong. It can be applied again during the fruiting period to ensure the nutrition of pepper plants during the fruiting period, with a high four-ventricle rate, thereby increasing the yield of peppers and enhancing the quality of peppers.

[0153] In the steps of preparing the bactericidal growth promoter, the hydroxylation step is omitted in Comparative Example 1. Although the surface of the jute fiber contains certain hydroxyl groups, the hydroxylation step is omitted, resulting in a small number of hydroxylations on the fiber surface, and the fiber dispersion is poor, resulting in incomplete oxidation in the oxidation step, and then in the modification step, the reaction with chitosan is incomplete, resulting in a weak bond between chitosan and the fiber, and the cross-linking step is omitted. In the mixing step, the chitosan modified fiber has poor loading and bonding with the regulator, nutrient solution and other ingredients, which affects the long-term effect, and its bactericidal ability and growth promoting ability are poor, and the nutrition is insufficient, which is not good for peppers. The growth-promoting performance is weak, the pepper plants have poor disease and insect resistance, and poor stress resistance, which ultimately greatly affects the yield of peppers and reduces the nutritional quality of peppers; in Comparative Example 2, in the modification step, carboxylated fiber and chitosan are physically stirred and mixed, which cannot be well combined with chitosan and has poor stability, and in the cross-linking step, vanillin is used as a cross-linking agent, and chloroindole hydrazide is omitted, which can only achieve cross-linking of vanillin and chitosan modified fiber. The structure after cross-linking is not stable enough, and it cannot form a hydrazide Schiff base structure, which in turn affects the growth and development of pepper plants and reduces the yield and nutrient content.

[0154] Unless otherwise specified, all ratios and percentages described in the present invention are by mass ratios and percentages are by mass percentages.

[0155] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases, characterized in that: The planting method includes the steps of preparing a bactericidal growth promoter, pre-treating pepper seeds, raising seedlings and transplanting, and post-transplanting management; The preparation of the bactericidal growth promoter comprises the steps of pre-treatment of jute fiber, hydroxylation, oxidation, modification, cross-linking and mixing; The hydroxylation step comprises placing the pretreated jute fiber in an ethanol solution, adding dodecyl hydroxystearic acid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, heating to 61-65° C. at a rate of 1.7-2.3° C. / min, and stirring at the temperature for 28-32 minutes. After the stirring is completed, epichlorohydrin is added, the temperature is raised to 76-80° C., and the temperature is kept at the temperature for 1.6-2.0 hours. After the reaction is completed, the hydroxylated jute fiber is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the hydroxylated jute fiber. The oxidation step comprises: putting the hydroxylated jute fiber into an acid solution, raising the temperature to 85-90° C., stirring for reaction for 1.8-2.3 hours, and stirring at a speed of 214-227 rpm. After the stirring reaction is completed, filtering, washing with deionized water, and then putting the fiber into an ammonium persulfate solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 10-15 minutes, and ultrasonic power of 114-126 W. After the ultrasonic dispersion is completed, raising the temperature to 76-80° C., and heat-keeping for reaction for 22-27 minutes. After the heat-keeping reaction is completed, separating and drying to obtain the carboxylated jute fiber. The acid solution is a mixture of 38-42wt% hydrochloric acid solution and 10-15wt% citric acid solution; The modification step comprises adding deionized water into a sealed container, then adding carboxylated jute fiber and chitosan, stirring for 35-43 minutes and at a stirring speed of 130-150 rpm. After the stirring, the temperature is raised to 100-105° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, concentrated sulfuric acid is added, and the reaction is kept warm for 3.1-3.5 hours. After the reaction is finished, the jute fiber modified with chitosan is obtained by separation and drying. The cross-linking step comprises: putting chitosan modified jute fiber into acetic acid solution, adding chloroindole hydrazide and stirring, after stirring evenly, raising the temperature to 50-54°C at a rate of 0.5-1.5°C / min, slowly adding vanillin solution, controlling the adding rate to 1.8-2.2mL / min, stirring while adding, controlling the stirring speed to 262-275rpm, and after the addition is completed, keeping warm and stirring for 1.8-2.2h. After the reaction is completed, filtering and washing, placing at -37 to -33°C for freeze drying for 11-13h, and after the freeze drying is completed, waiting for the solution to naturally return to room temperature to obtain a primary bactericidal growth promoter.

2. A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jute fiber pretreatment step comprises placing the jute fiber in a sealed container, introducing a sodium hydroxide solution, raising the temperature to 93-97° C. and stirring for 2.8-3.2 hours, filtering, washing and drying after the stirring is completed, to obtain the pretreated jute fiber; The jute fiber has a length of 0.6-1.0 mm and a diameter of 0.13-0.18 mm; The mass ratio of the jute fiber to the sodium hydroxide solution is 13-17:124-136; The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 38-42%.

3. A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the hydroxylation step, the mass ratio of the pretreated jute fiber, the ethanol solution, the dodecanol stearic acid, the polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and the epichlorohydrin is 12.5-12.9:106-114:0.6-0.8:0.8-1.2:4.8-5.3; The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 57-63%.

4. A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the oxidation step, the mass concentration of the ammonium persulfate solution is 35-40%; The mass ratio of the hydroxylated jute fiber, acid solution, deionized water, and ammonium persulfate solution is 11.1-11.5:52-56:57-63:70-74; In the acid solution, the mass ratio of the 38-42wt% hydrochloric acid solution to the 10-15wt% citric acid solution is 3.7-4.2:1.0-1.

3.

5. A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the modification step, the mass ratio of the deionized water, hydroxylated jute fiber, chitosan and concentrated sulfuric acid is 3.5-4.0:13.4-13.8:9.8-10.4:0.40-0.

44.

6. A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the cross-linking step, the vanillin solution is a mixture of vanillin and 3.0-3.4wt% acetic acid solution, and the mass ratio of the vanillin to the 3.0-3.4wt% acetic acid solution is 0.22-0.25:4.5-5.0; The mass ratio of the chitosan modified jute fiber, acetic acid solution, chloroindole hydrazide, and vanillin solution is 7.7-8.2 g: 295-304 mL: 0.8-1.2 g: 135-140 mL; The mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 3.0-3.4%.

7. A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing step comprises mixing the primary bactericidal growth promoter, chlorothalonil, a regulator, a nutrient solution, tea saponin, and sodium alginate, stirring evenly, drying, and passing through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the bactericidal growth promoter; The mass ratio of the primary bactericidal growth promoter, thiophanate-methyl, regulator, nutrient solution, tea saponin and sodium alginate is 47.0-47.5:0.06-0.08:0.7-0.9:8.4-8.8:0.83-0.87:1.0-1.2; The regulator is gibberellin and brassinolide, and the mass ratio of the gibberellin to brassinolide is 1:0.8-1.2; The nutrient solution is a mixture of potassium humate, urea, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate, calcium chloride and deionized water, and the mass ratios are 5.5-6.0:9.1-9.5:1.5-1.8:2.0-2.3:1.0-1.5:114-125 respectively.

8. A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pepper seed pretreatment step is to place 98-103g of pepper seeds in 22-26g of deionized water, add 4.8-5.1g of a bactericide and growth promoter and stir, after stirring evenly, raise the temperature to 30-34°C, let stand for 17-23min, and after standing, dry at 28-32°C for 37-45min to obtain pretreated pepper seeds.

9. A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling raising and transplanting step comprises raising seedlings with pretreated pepper seeds, controlling the daily light duration to be 16 hours, the no-light duration to be 8 hours, controlling the seedling raising temperature to be 26-28° C. during light, and the seedling raising temperature to be 18-20° C. during no light, until the seedlings grow to 13-16 cm, thereby obtaining pepper seedlings, transplanting the pepper seedlings, controlling the row spacing to be 47-52 cm, the plant spacing to be 32-36 cm, and applying 44-48 kg of compound fertilizer per mu on the 7th day after planting; The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing diammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate, and the mass ratio of the diammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium phosphate is 17-19:11-14:14-16.

10. A high-quality pepper planting method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-transplantation management step is: when the first pepper of the pepper seedling grows to a length of 2 cm, applying a sterilization and growth-promoting functional liquid to the roots of the pepper seedlings, applying 354-365 g per plant; The bactericidal growth promoting functional liquid is composed of a bactericidal growth promoting agent and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the bactericidal growth promoting agent to the deionized water is 10-13:100-110.

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