An emergency reinforcement device and method for karst tunnel construction

Abstract

The present invention discloses an emergency reinforcement device and method for karst tunnel construction, relating to the technical field of reinforcement devices, including a track. The present invention arranges the track on the ground inside the karst tunnel, slidingly provides a walking roller on the track, arranges a supporting truss on the walking roller, and arranges an outer diameter adjustment mechanism on the supporting truss. The outer diameter adjustment mechanism enables the reinforcement bearing mechanism at the outer end thereof to be unfolded to perform emergency support and reinforcement on the inside of the karst tunnel. A state adjustment device is provided at one end of the outer diameter adjustment mechanism so that the present invention has two reinforcement states, which are respectively adapted to the more common arch tunnels and horseshoe tunnels in karst tunnels, thereby greatly enhancing its versatility and flexibility in actual construction. When an emergency occurs in the tunnel, such as a geological disaster or structural damage, the present invention can be quickly deployed to the site for reinforcement operations, thereby reducing the risk of further damage to the tunnel structure, ensuring the safety of construction personnel, and reducing economic losses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of reinforcement devices, and more particularly to an emergency reinforcement device and method for karst tunnel construction. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel construction, especially in karst geological conditions, tunnel stability and safety have always been a focus for engineers. Karst regions, with their complex and varied geological features, such as caves, underground rivers, and earth caves, pose a severe challenge to tunnel construction. Traditional tunnel reinforcement devices, such as anchor bolting systems, while able to meet reinforcement requirements under general geological conditions to a certain extent, are insufficient in karst areas.

[0003] Anchor bolting systems, a common method of tunnel reinforcement, primarily provide support through the bond between the anchor bolts and the surrounding rock. However, in karst areas, due to the fragmentation and development of fissures in the surrounding rock mass, as well as the abundance of groundwater, anchor bolting often proves difficult to achieve. The presence of cavities and fissures prevents anchor bolts from effectively embedding into the stable rock mass, thereby weakening their support effectiveness. Furthermore, anchor bolting systems fail to seal the surrounding rock mass, preventing weathering and spalling, and are unable to effectively address the long-term changes in the surrounding rock mass caused by karstification.

[0004] Currently, most tunnel reinforcement devices for karst areas are complex in design and require long construction cycles, making them unsuitable for emergency use. These devices often require careful consideration of multiple geological factors and meticulous design and construction to ensure effective reinforcement. However, in practice, these devices often fail to achieve their intended effects due to the complexity and uncertainty of geological conditions in karst areas. Furthermore, the complex construction process and long construction cycles increase costs and risks.

[0005] During tunnel construction and operation, sudden geological disasters (such as water inrush, mud bursts, and collapses) often occur. These disasters not only threaten the safety and stability of tunnels but can also have serious impacts on the surrounding environment and the lives and property of residents. Therefore, for tunnels in karst areas, it is particularly important to establish a rapid and effective emergency reinforcement mechanism. However, existing reinforcement devices and construction methods often fail to meet this demand. Given the above challenges and current status, innovation in reinforcement technology for tunnels in karst areas is urgently needed. In view of this, we propose an emergency reinforcement device and method for karst tunnel construction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an emergency reinforcement device and method for karst tunnel construction, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing tunnel reinforcement device cannot meet the emergency reinforcement needs in karst areas.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an emergency reinforcement device and method for karst tunnel construction, comprising a track, the track being symmetrically arranged on the ground inside the karst tunnel, a traveling roller being slidably provided on the track, the traveling roller being slidably provided on the track, a supporting truss being provided at the top end of the traveling roller, an outer diameter adjustment mechanism being provided on the supporting truss, a state adjustment device being provided at a position near the outer diameter adjustment mechanism on the supporting truss, a reinforcement bearing mechanism being provided at one end of the outer diameter adjustment mechanism away from the supporting truss, and an expansion and contraction drilling and tightening anchor rod being further provided on the reinforcement bearing mechanism;

[0008] The reinforcement bearing mechanism enables the outer diameter adjustment mechanism to have a unidirectional adjustment state and an overall adjustment state through the state adjustment device, so as to be adapted to horseshoe-shaped tunnel reinforcement or arch-shaped tunnel reinforcement.

[0009] Preferably, the outer diameter adjustment mechanism includes a drive unit, a first adjustment component, a second adjustment component and a support component. The drive unit is arranged at the end of the support truss away from the state adjustment device, the first adjustment component is sleeved on the top of the drive unit, and the second adjustment component is symmetrically sleeved on the side of the drive unit. The support component is connected to the support truss, and the reinforced bearing mechanism is arranged at the end of the first adjustment component and the second adjustment component away from the drive unit.

[0010] Preferably, the driving unit includes a reduction motor, a driving rod, a bidirectional external wire groove and a separating section. The reduction motor is arranged at the end of the supporting truss away from the state adjustment device, the driving rod is connected to the output end of the reduction motor, the bidirectional external wire groove is linearly opened on the driving rod, the separating section is arranged in the middle section of the bidirectional external wire groove, the first adjustment component is sleeved on the top of the bidirectional external wire groove, and the second adjustment component is symmetrically sleeved on the side of the bidirectional external wire groove.

[0011] Preferably, the first adjustment component includes a moving block A, an inner wire groove A, a rotating groove A, a rotating block A and a connecting block A, the moving block A is sleeved on the top of the bidirectional outer wire groove, the inner wire groove A is opened at the bottom end of the moving block A, and the rotating groove A is opened at the top of the moving block A, one of the rotating blocks A is rotatably connected to the rotating groove A, and the other rotating block A is rotatably connected to the supporting component, and the two rotating blocks A are rotatably connected to each other through the connecting block A.

[0012] Preferably, the second adjustment assembly includes a moving block B, an inner wire groove B, a rotating groove B, a rotating block B and a connecting block B. The moving block B is symmetrically sleeved on the side of the bidirectional outer wire groove, the inner wire groove B is opened at the inner end of the moving block B, and the rotating groove B is opened at the outer end of the moving block B. One of the rotating blocks B is rotatably connected to the rotating groove B, and the other moving block B is rotatably connected to the supporting assembly. The two rotating blocks B are rotatably connected to each other through the connecting block B, and the state adjustment device is connected to the moving block B.

[0013] Preferably, the support assembly includes a top-mounted block, a side-mounted block, a sliding hole and a support rod. The top-mounted block is arranged at the top of the support truss, and the side-mounted blocks are symmetrically arranged on the sides of the support truss. The sliding hole is linearly opened on the top-mounted block and the side-mounted block. The support rod is movably passed through the sliding hole. One end of the support rod is connected to the rotating block A and the rotating block B, and the other end of the support rod is connected to the reinforced bearing mechanism.

[0014] Preferably, the state adjustment device includes a servo motor A, an adjusting gear, an opposing rack, a connecting arm and a linkage rod, the servo motor A is arranged on the supporting truss, the adjusting gear is connected to the output end of the servo motor A, one end of the opposing rack is slidably connected to the supporting truss, and the other end of the opposing rack is meshed and connected to the adjusting gear, one end of the connecting arm is connected to the opposing rack, and the other end of the connecting arm is connected to the moving block B, one end of the linkage rod is connected to the opposing rack, and the other end of the linkage rod is passed through several of the moving blocks B.

[0015] Preferably, the reinforced bearing mechanism includes a reinforced shell, a bearing block, a rotating block, a slide groove, a slider, a torsion spring, a curvature block, a telescopic rod and a servo motor B. The reinforced shell is connected to the support rod, the bearing block is arranged inside the reinforced shell, the rotating block is rotatably inserted on the bearing block, the slide groove is symmetrically opened on the bearing block, the slider is slidably arranged on the slide groove, the torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating block, the end of the torsion spring is connected to the slider, several curvature blocks are linearly connected to the two ends of the bearing block through the telescopic rod, and the servo motor B is connected to the rotating block.

[0016] Preferably, the expansion and contraction drilling anchor rod includes a rod barrel, an axle rod, an expansion slot, a carrier ring, a rotating rod, a center gear, a tightening block and a toothless groove; the rod barrel is inserted on the reinforced bearing mechanism; the axle rod is rotatably inserted inside the rod barrel; the expansion slots are linearly and evenly spaced on the rod barrel; the carrier rings are symmetrically arranged inside the rod barrel near the expansion slots; the rotating rod is connected to the two carrier rings; the center gear is sleeved on the axle rod; the tightening block is rotatably sleeved on the rotating rod near the expansion slot; the toothless groove is opened on the tightening block; and the toothless groove is meshed with the center gear.

[0017] The present invention also provides a reinforcement method for a karst tunnel construction emergency reinforcement device, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1, front-end layout operation;

[0019] By symmetrically laying tracks on the ground inside the karst tunnel, and by sliding the running rollers on the tracks, the support truss drives the outer diameter adjustment mechanism, the state adjustment device and the reinforcement bearing mechanism to slide into the tunnel, determine the reinforcement position and lock the running rollers;

[0020] S2, reinforcement state adjustment operation;

[0021] S2.1. Select the appropriate reinforcement state based on the type of karst tunnel being reinforced. If reinforcing an arched tunnel, drive servo motor A to rotate the adjustment gear. The adjustment gear engages with two opposing racks slidably connected to the support truss, driving the two opposing racks to move in opposite directions. The movement of the opposing racks pulls the connecting arm, which in turn drives the moving block B to move in opposite directions, achieving alignment between the inner thread groove B of the moving block B and the bidirectional outer thread groove. The bidirectional outer thread groove drives the moving blocks A and B at the top and sides to move, thereby forming an arched tunnel reinforcement state.

[0022] S2.2. Select an appropriate reinforcement state based on the type of karst tunnel being reinforced. If reinforcing a horseshoe-shaped tunnel, drive servo motor A to rotate the adjustment gear. The adjustment gear engages with two opposing racks slidably connected to the support truss, driving the two opposing racks to move in opposite directions. The movement of the opposing racks pulls the connecting arm, which drives the moving block B in opposite directions, disengaging the inner thread groove B of the moving block B from the bidirectional outer thread groove. When in the disengaged state, the bidirectional outer thread groove only drives the top moving block A to move, forming a horseshoe-shaped tunnel reinforcement state.

[0023] S3, reinforcement support operation;

[0024] According to the type of karst tunnel to be reinforced, a reinforcement shell with an appropriate curvature is selected, and the internal bearing components of the reinforcement bearing mechanism are adjusted. The servo motor B is driven to drive the rotating block to rotate on the bearing block. The rotating block rotates, twisting the torsion spring to pull the sliders on both sides to slide on the slide groove. The slider pulls the telescopic rod and the curvature block into a straight shape, or releases it into a curved shape to adapt to the different curvatures of the karst tunnel inner wall.

[0025] S4, anchoring operation;

[0026] The rod barrel is inserted into the reinforced shell, and the rod barrel is driven to drill into the inner wall of the tunnel through an external drive device. When the insertion is completed, the external drive shaft is rotated at the same time, and the shaft drives the central gear to rotate. The central gear engages with the toothed groove of the tightening block, causing the tightening block to rotate and expand on the expansion slot, thereby achieving the effect of locking the rock and soil.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The present invention improves the structure of the existing tunnel emergency reinforcement device by laying a track on the ground inside the karst tunnel, slidingly providing a traveling roller on the track, providing a supporting truss on the traveling roller, and providing an outer diameter adjustment mechanism on the supporting truss. The outer diameter adjustment mechanism allows the reinforcement bearing mechanism at the outer end thereof to be unfolded to perform emergency support and reinforcement on the inside of the karst tunnel. A state adjustment device is provided at one end of the outer diameter adjustment mechanism so that the present invention has two reinforcement states, which are respectively adapted to the more common arch tunnels and horseshoe tunnels in karst tunnels, thereby greatly enhancing its versatility and flexibility in actual construction. When an emergency occurs in the tunnel, such as a geological disaster or structural damage, the present invention can be quickly deployed to the site for reinforcement operations, thereby reducing the risk of further damage to the tunnel structure, ensuring the safety of construction workers, and reducing economic losses.

[0029] 2. In the present invention, when the reduction motor causes the driving rod to rotate, several bidirectional external thread grooves on the driving rod rotate and engage with the internal thread groove A on the moving block A, driving the two opposite moving blocks A to move in opposite directions. A rotating groove A is provided at the top of the moving block A, and the rotating block A is hingedly and rotatably connected in the rotating groove A. The two rotating blocks A are hinged and rotatably connected through the connecting block A, and the two rotating blocks A at the other end are rotatably connected to the supporting assembly, so that when the two moving blocks A move further and further away, the angle between the two groups of rotating blocks A and the connecting block A becomes larger and larger, so that the supporting assembly drives the reinforced bearing mechanism lower and lower, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the outer diameter. Similarly, when the two moving blocks A move closer and closer, the angle between the two groups of rotating blocks A and the connecting block A becomes smaller and smaller, so that the supporting assembly drives the reinforced bearing mechanism higher and higher, thereby achieving the effect of expanding the outer diameter. The shape and size adjustment can be completed in a short time. The device adopts a modular design, and the connection between the components is simple and fast, which reduces the time and difficulty of on-site installation.

[0030] 3. In the present invention, since the rock and soil of the karst tunnel have a high moisture content and are relatively loose, the curvature of the inner wall of the karst tunnel is different, and the curvature of the arch tunnel and the horseshoe tunnel are also different. The present invention arranges a bearing block inside the reinforced shell, and drives the servo motor B to drive the rotating block to rotate on the bearing block. The rotating block rotates and twists the torsion spring to pull the sliders on both sides to slide on the slide groove. The slider pulls the telescopic rod and the curvature block into a straight line to adapt to the inner wall of the karst tunnel with different curvatures, so that the tunnel wall can be covered in all directions, the tunnel is reinforced as a whole, and the overall stability and bearing capacity of the tunnel structure are improved.

[0031] 4. The present invention also inserts a rod barrel on the reinforcement bearing mechanism, and a shaft is rotated inside the rod barrel. Since the rock and soil of the karst tunnel have a high moisture content and are relatively loose, when the rod barrel is inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel, the shaft is driven by the outside to rotate at the same time, and the shaft drives the center gear to rotate. The center gear engages with the toothed groove of the tightening block, so that the tightening block rotates and expands on the expansion groove, achieving the effect of locking the rock and soil, significantly improving the stability and bearing capacity of the tunnel surrounding rock, and reducing the risk of collapse caused by loose rock and soil. The drilling and locking process of the anchor rod is relatively fast, which enables the reinforcement work to be completed quickly in emergency situations and timely control of further damage to the tunnel structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall left side structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall right side structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the outer diameter adjustment mechanism and state adjustment device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the outer diameter adjustment mechanism and a schematic structural diagram of the state adjustment device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the state adjustment device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the outer diameter adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the reinforcement bearing mechanism of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement bearing mechanism and the expansion and contraction drilling and tightening anchor rod structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the expansion and contraction drilling anchor rod of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the use status of the arched tunnel of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the horseshoe-shaped tunnel of the present invention in use.

[0044] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0045] 1. Track; 2. Travel roller; 3. Support truss; 4. Outer diameter adjustment mechanism; 5. State adjustment device; 6. Reinforcement bearing mechanism; 7. Expansion and contraction drilling and tightening anchor rod;

[0046] 401, driving unit; 402, first adjustment assembly; 403, second adjustment assembly; 404, supporting assembly;

[0047] 501, servo motor A; 502, adjustment gear; 503, opposing rack; 504, connecting arm; 505, linkage rod;

[0048] 601, reinforced housing; 602, bearing block; 603, rotating block; 604, slideway; 605, slider; 606, torsion spring; 607, curvature block; 608, telescopic rod; 609, servo motor B;

[0049] 701, rod barrel; 702, shaft; 703, expansion slot; 704, carrier ring; 705, rotating rod; 706, central gear; 707, tightening block; 708, toothed slot;

[0050] 4011, reduction motor; 4012, driving rod; 4013, bidirectional external thread groove; 4014, separation section;

[0051] 4021, moving block A; 4022, inner thread groove A; 4023, rotating groove A; 4024, rotating block A; 4025, connecting block A;

[0052] 4031. Moving block B; 4032. Inner thread groove B; 4033. Rotating groove B; 4034. Rotating block B; 4035. Connecting block B; 4041. Top-mounted block; 4042. Side-mounted block; 4043. Sliding hole; 4044. Support rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] like Figures 1 to 12As shown, the present invention relates to an emergency reinforcement device and method for karst tunnel construction, including a track 1, which is symmetrically arranged on the ground inside the karst tunnel, and a walking roller 2 is slidingly provided on the track 1, and the walking roller 2 is slidingly arranged on the track 1. A support truss 3 is provided on the top of the walking roller 2, and an outer diameter adjustment mechanism 4 is provided on the support truss 3. A state adjustment device 5 is provided on the support truss 3 near the outer diameter adjustment mechanism 4, and a reinforcement bearing mechanism 6 is provided at the end of the outer diameter adjustment mechanism 4 away from the support truss 3, and an expansion and contraction drilling anchor rod 7 is also provided on the reinforcement bearing mechanism 6; wherein, the reinforcement bearing mechanism 6 causes the outer diameter adjustment mechanism 4 to have a unidirectional adjustment state and an overall adjustment state through the state adjustment device 5, which is used to adapt to horseshoe tunnel reinforcement or arch tunnel reinforcement. The present invention improves the structure of the existing tunnel emergency reinforcement device by laying a track 1 on the ground inside the karst tunnel, slidingly providing a walking roller 2 on the track 1, providing a support truss 3 on the walking roller 2, and providing an outer diameter adjustment mechanism 4 on the support truss 3. The outer diameter adjustment mechanism 4 allows the reinforcement bearing mechanism 6 at its outer end to be unfolded to perform emergency support and reinforcement on the inside of the karst tunnel. By providing a state adjustment device 5 at one end of the outer diameter adjustment mechanism 4, the present invention has two reinforcement states, which are respectively adapted to the more common arch tunnels and horseshoe tunnels in karst tunnels, greatly enhancing its versatility and flexibility in actual construction. When an emergency occurs in the tunnel, such as geological disasters, structural damage, etc., the present invention can be quickly deployed to the site for reinforcement operations, thereby reducing the risk of further damage to the tunnel structure, ensuring the safety of construction personnel, and reducing economic losses.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present invention, the outer diameter adjustment mechanism 4 includes a drive unit 401, a first adjustment component 402, a second adjustment component 403 and a support component 404. The drive unit 401 is arranged at the end of the support truss 3 away from the state adjustment device 5, the first adjustment component 402 is sleeved on the top of the drive unit 401, the second adjustment component 403 is symmetrically sleeved on the side of the drive unit 401, the support component 404 is connected to the support truss 3, and the reinforcement bearing mechanism 6 is arranged at the end of the first adjustment component 402 and the second adjustment component 403 away from the drive unit 401.

[0055] The driving unit 401 includes a reduction motor 4011, a driving rod 4012, a bidirectional external wire groove 4013 and a separating section 4014. The reduction motor 4011 is arranged at the end of the supporting truss 3 away from the state adjustment device 5. The driving rod 4012 is connected to the output end of the reduction motor 4011. The bidirectional external wire groove 4013 is linearly opened on the driving rod 4012. The separating section 4014 is arranged in the middle section of the bidirectional external wire groove 4013. The first adjustment component 402 is sleeved on the top of the bidirectional external wire groove 4013, and the second adjustment component 403 is symmetrically sleeved on the side of the bidirectional external wire groove 4013. In the present invention, a reduction motor 4011 is provided at the end of the support truss 3 away from the state adjustment device 5. The reduction motor 4011 is driven to rotate the drive rod 4012. Several bidirectional external wire grooves 4013 on the drive rod 4012 rotate the first adjustment component 402 and the second adjustment component 403 engaged therewith to form an expanded state and an inward state, driving the support component 404 to move. The support component 404 drives the reinforcement bearing mechanism 6 to realize the support and reinforcement function. The present invention can complete the adjustment of shape and size in a short time to adapt to the needs of different tunnel sections, thereby improving the emergency response speed.

[0056] As another embodiment of the present invention, the first adjustment component 402 includes a moving block A4021, an inner wire groove A4022, a rotating groove A4023, a rotating block A4024 and a connecting block A4025. The moving block A4021 is sleeved on the top of the bidirectional outer wire groove 4013, the inner wire groove A4022 is opened at the bottom of the moving block A4021, and the rotating groove A4023 is opened at the top of the moving block A4021. One of the rotating blocks A4024 is rotatably connected to the rotating groove A4023, and the other rotating block A4024 is rotatably connected to the supporting component 404. The two rotating blocks A4024 are rotatably connected to each other through the connecting block A4025.

[0057] As another embodiment of the present invention, the second adjustment component 403 includes a moving block B4031, an inner wire groove B4032, a rotating groove B4033, a rotating block B4034 and a connecting block B4035. The moving block B4031 is symmetrically arranged on the side of the bidirectional outer wire groove 4013, the inner wire groove B4032 is opened at the inner end of the moving block B4031, and the rotating groove B4033 is opened at the outer end of the moving block B4031. One of the rotating blocks B4034 is rotatably connected to the rotating groove B4033, and the other moving block B4031 is rotatably connected to the supporting component 404. The two rotating blocks B4034 are rotatably connected to each other through the connecting block B4035, and the state adjustment device 5 is connected to the moving block B4031.

[0058] In the present invention, when the reduction motor 4011 causes the driving rod 4012 to rotate, the plurality of bidirectional outer thread grooves 4013 on the driving rod 4012 rotate and engage with the inner thread groove A4022 on the moving block A4021, driving the two opposite moving blocks A4021 to move in opposite directions. A rotating groove A4023 is provided at the top of the moving block A4021, and a rotating block A4024 is hingedly connected to the rotating groove A4023. The two rotating blocks A4024 are hingedly connected to the connecting block A4025. The two rotating blocks A4024 at the other end are rotatably connected to the support assembly 404, so that when the two moving blocks When A4021 moves further away, the angle between the two sets of rotating blocks A4024 and the connecting block A4025 becomes larger and larger, so that the support component 404 drives the reinforced bearing mechanism 6 lower and lower, achieving the effect of reducing the outer diameter. Similarly, when the two moving blocks A4021 move closer and closer, the angle between the two sets of rotating blocks A4024 and the connecting block A4025 becomes smaller and smaller, so that the support component 404 drives the reinforced bearing mechanism 6 higher and higher, achieving the effect of expanding the outer diameter. The shape and size adjustment can be completed in a short time. The device adopts a modular design, and the connection between the components is simple and fast, which reduces the time and difficulty of on-site installation.

[0059] As another embodiment of the present invention, the support assembly 404 includes a top-mounted block 4041, a side-mounted block 4042, a sliding hole 4043 and a support rod 4044. The top-mounted block 4041 is arranged at the top of the support truss 3, the side-mounted block 4042 is symmetrically arranged on the side of the support truss 3, the sliding hole 4043 is linearly opened on the top-mounted block 4041 and the side-mounted block 4042, the support rod 4044 is movably passed through the sliding hole 4043, one end of the support rod 4044 is connected to the rotating block A4024 and the rotating block B4034, and the other end of the support rod 4044 is connected to the reinforced bearing mechanism 6. In the present invention, when the first adjustment component 402 and the second adjustment component 403 move, the rotating block A4024 and the rotating block B4034 connected to the support rod 4044 drive the support rod 4044 to move and insert on the sliding hole 4043 of the top mounting block 4041 and the side mounting block 4042, so that the outer diameter of the reinforced bearing mechanism 6 changes, ensuring that stable supporting force can be provided in an emergency, effectively preventing further damage to the tunnel structure.

[0060] As another embodiment of the present invention, the state adjustment device 5 includes a servo motor A501, an adjusting gear 502, an opposing rack 503, a connecting arm 504 and a linkage rod 505. The servo motor A501 is arranged on the supporting truss 3, the adjusting gear 502 is connected to the output end of the servo motor A501, one end of the opposing rack 503 is slidingly connected to the supporting truss 3, and the other end of the opposing rack 503 is meshed and connected to the adjusting gear 502, one end of the connecting arm 504 is connected to the opposing rack 503, and the other end of the connecting arm 504 is connected to the moving block B4031, one end of the linkage rod 505 is connected to the opposing rack 503, and the other end of the linkage rod 505 is passed through several moving blocks B4031.

[0061] In the present invention, a servo motor A501 is set on the supporting truss 3, and the servo motor A501 is driven to drive the adjusting gear 502 to rotate. The adjusting gear 502 engages with two opposing racks 503 slidingly connected to the supporting truss 3, driving the two opposing racks 503 to move in opposite directions. The opposing racks 503 move and pull the connecting arm 504 to move. The connecting arm 504 drives the moving block B4031 to move in opposite directions, thereby realizing the fitting and disengagement of the inner wire groove B4032 of the moving block B4031 and the bidirectional outer wire groove 4013. When in the disengaged state, the bidirectional outer wire groove 4013 only drives the moving block A4021 at the top to move, thereby forming a horseshoe-shaped tunnel reinforcement state. When in the fitted state, the bidirectional outer wire groove 4013 drives the moving blocks A4021 and B4031 at the top and on both sides to move, thereby forming an arched tunnel reinforcement state.

[0062] As another embodiment of the present invention, the reinforced bearing mechanism 6 includes a reinforced shell 601, a bearing block 602, a rotating block 603, a slide 604, a slider 605, a torsion spring 606, a curvature block 607, a telescopic rod 608 and a servo motor B609. The reinforced shell 601 is connected to the support rod 4044, the bearing block 602 is arranged inside the reinforced shell 601, the rotating block 603 is rotatably inserted on the bearing block 602, the slide 604 is symmetrically opened on the bearing block 602, the slider 605 is slidably arranged on the slide 604, the torsion spring 606 is sleeved on the rotating block 603, the end of the torsion spring 606 is connected to the slider 605, several curvature blocks 607 are linearly connected to the two ends of the bearing block 602 through the telescopic rod 608, and the servo motor B609 is connected to the rotating block 603. In the present invention, due to the high water content of the rock and soil in the karst tunnel, the rock and soil are relatively loose, which leads to different curvatures of the inner wall of the karst tunnel. Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, the curvature of the arch tunnel and the horseshoe tunnel is also different. The present invention sets a bearing block 602 inside the reinforcement shell 601, and drives the servo motor B609 to drive the rotating block 603 to rotate on the bearing block 602. The rotating block 603 rotates and twists the torsion spring 606 to pull the sliders 605 on both sides to slide on the slide groove 604. The slider 605 pulls the telescopic rod 608 and the curvature block 607 into a straight line to adapt to the inner wall of the karst tunnel with different curvatures, so that the tunnel wall can be covered in all directions, the tunnel is reinforced as a whole, and the overall stability and bearing capacity of the tunnel structure are improved.

[0063] As another embodiment of the present invention, the expansion and contraction drilling anchor rod 7 includes a rod barrel 701, a shaft rod 702, an expansion slot 703, a carrier ring 704, a rotating rod 705, a center gear 706, a tightening block 707 and a toothless groove 708. The rod barrel 701 is inserted on the reinforcement bearing mechanism 6, the shaft rod 702 is rotatably inserted inside the rod barrel 701, the expansion slot 703 is linearly and evenly spaced on the rod barrel 701, the carrier ring 704 is symmetrically arranged inside the rod barrel 701 near the expansion slot 703, the rotating rod 705 is connected to the two carrier rings 704, the center gear 706 is sleeved on the shaft rod 702, the tightening block 707 is rotatably sleeved on the rotating rod 705 near the expansion slot 703, the toothless groove 708 is opened on the tightening block 707, and the toothless groove 708 is meshed with the center gear 706. The present invention also inserts a rod barrel 701 on the reinforcement bearing mechanism 6, and a shaft 702 is rotated inside the rod barrel 701. Since the rock and soil of the karst tunnel have a high moisture content and are relatively loose, when the rod barrel 701 is inserted into the inner wall of the tunnel, the shaft 702 is driven by the outside to rotate at the same time, and the shaft 702 drives the center gear 706 to rotate. The center gear 706 engages with the toothless groove 708 of the tightening block 707, so that the tightening block 707 rotates and expands on the expansion groove 703, achieving the effect of locking the rock and soil, significantly improving the stability and bearing capacity of the tunnel surrounding rock, and reducing the risk of collapse caused by loose rock and soil. The drilling and locking process of the anchor rod is relatively fast, which enables the reinforcement work to be completed quickly in an emergency and timely control of further damage to the tunnel structure.

[0064] Working Principle: This embodiment provides a method for using an emergency reinforcement device for karst tunnel construction, comprising the following steps:

[0065] S1, front-end layout operation;

[0066] By symmetrically laying out the track 1 on the ground inside the karst tunnel, and by sliding the running rollers 2 with the track 1, the support truss 3 drives the outer diameter adjustment mechanism 4, the state adjustment device 5 and the reinforcement bearing mechanism 6 to slide into the tunnel, determine the reinforcement position and lock the running rollers 2;

[0067] S2, reinforcement state adjustment operation;

[0068] S2.1. Select an appropriate reinforcement state based on the type of karst tunnel being reinforced. If reinforcing an arched tunnel, drive servo motor A501 to rotate adjustment gear 502. Adjustment gear 502 engages with two opposing racks 503 slidably connected to support truss 3, driving the two opposing racks 503 to move in opposite directions. The movement of opposing racks 503 pulls connecting arm 504 to move. Connecting arm 504 drives moving block B4031 to move in opposite directions, achieving alignment between inner thread groove B4032 of moving block B4031 and bidirectional outer thread groove 4013. Bidirectional outer thread groove 4013 drives moving blocks A4021 and B4031 at the top and sides to move, thereby forming an arched tunnel reinforcement state.

[0069] S2.2. Select an appropriate reinforcement state based on the type of karst tunnel being reinforced. If reinforcing a horseshoe-shaped tunnel, drive servo motor A501 to rotate the adjustment gear 502. The adjustment gear 502 engages with two opposing racks 503 slidably connected to the support truss 3, driving the two opposing racks 503 to move in opposite directions. The movement of the opposing racks 503 pulls the connecting arm 504 to move. The connecting arm 504 drives the moving block B4031 to move in opposite directions, disengaging the inner thread groove B4032 of the moving block B4031 from the bidirectional outer thread groove 4013. When in the disengaged state, the bidirectional outer thread groove 4013 only drives the top moving block A4021 to move, thereby forming a horseshoe-shaped tunnel reinforcement state.

[0070] S3, reinforcement support operation;

[0071] According to the type of karst tunnel being reinforced, a reinforcement shell 601 with an adaptive curvature is selected, the internal bearing components of the reinforcement bearing mechanism 6 are adjusted, and the servo motor B609 is driven to drive the rotating block 603 to rotate on the bearing block 602. The rotating block 603 rotates and twists the torsion spring 606, pulling the sliders 605 on both sides to slide on the slide groove 604. The sliders 605 pull the telescopic rod 608 and the curvature block 607 into a straight line, or release it into a curved shape to adapt to the different curvatures of the karst tunnel inner wall.

[0072] S4, anchoring operation;

[0073] The rod barrel 701 is inserted into the reinforced shell 601, and the rod barrel 701 is driven to drill into the inner wall of the tunnel through an external driving device. When the insertion is completed, the shaft rod 702 is rotated at the same time by an external driving device, and the shaft rod 702 drives the central gear 706 to rotate. The central gear 706 engages with the toothed groove 708 of the tightening block 707, so that the tightening block 707 rotates and expands on the expansion slot 703, thereby achieving the effect of locking the rock and soil.

[0074] The embodiments disclosed in the present invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited to them. Ordinary technicians in this field can easily understand the spirit of the present invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and changes. As long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention, they are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An emergency reinforcement device for karst tunnel construction, characterized in that: The invention comprises a track (1), wherein the track (1) is symmetrically arranged on the ground inside the karst tunnel, a walking roller (2) is slidingly provided on the track (1), a support truss (3) is provided at the top of the walking roller (2), an outer diameter adjustment mechanism (4) is provided on the support truss (3), a state adjustment device (5) is provided at a position close to the outer diameter adjustment mechanism (4) on the support truss (3), a reinforcement bearing mechanism (6) is provided at one end of the outer diameter adjustment mechanism (4) away from the support truss (3), and an expansion and contraction drilling anchor rod (7) is also provided on the reinforcement bearing mechanism (6); The reinforcement bearing mechanism (6) enables the outer diameter adjustment mechanism (4) to have a unidirectional adjustment state and an overall adjustment state through the state adjustment device (5), and is used to adapt to horseshoe-shaped tunnel reinforcement or arch-shaped tunnel reinforcement; The outer diameter adjustment mechanism (4) comprises a driving unit (401), a first adjustment component (402), a second adjustment component (403) and a support component (404), wherein the driving unit (401) is arranged at an end of the support truss (3) away from the state adjustment device (5), the first adjustment component (402) is sleeved on the top of the driving unit (401), the second adjustment component (403) is symmetrically sleeved on the side of the driving unit (401), the support component (404) is connected to the support truss (3), and the reinforcement bearing mechanism (6) is arranged at an end of the first adjustment component (402) and the second adjustment component (403) away from the driving unit (401); The driving unit (401) comprises a reduction motor (4011), a driving rod (4012), a bidirectional external wire groove (4013) and a separation section (4014); the reduction motor (4011) is arranged at one end of the support truss (3) away from the state adjustment device (5); the driving rod (4012) is connected to the output end of the reduction motor (4011); the bidirectional external wire groove (4013) is linearly opened on the driving rod (4012); the separation section (4014) is arranged at the middle section of the bidirectional external wire groove (4013); the first adjustment component (402) is sleeved on the top of the bidirectional external wire groove (4013); and the second adjustment component (403) is symmetrically sleeved on the side of the bidirectional external wire groove (4013); The first adjustment component (402) comprises a moving block A (4021), an inner thread groove A (4022), a rotating groove A (4023), a rotating block A (4024) and a connecting block A (4025), wherein the moving block A (4021) is sleeved on the top of the bidirectional outer thread groove (4013), the inner thread groove A (4022) is opened at the bottom of the moving block A (4021), and the rotating groove A (4023) is opened at the top of the moving block A (4021), one of the rotating blocks A (4024) is rotatably connected to the rotating groove A (4023), and the other rotating block A (4024) is rotatably connected to the supporting component (404), and the two rotating blocks A (4024) are rotatably connected to each other through the connecting block A (4025).

2. The karst tunnel construction emergency reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second adjustment component (403) comprises a moving block B (4031), an inner thread groove B (4032), a rotating groove B (4033), a rotating block B (4034) and a connecting block B (4035), wherein the moving block B (4031) is symmetrically sleeved on the side of the bidirectional outer thread groove (4013), the inner thread groove B (4032) is opened at the inner end of the moving block B (4031), and the rotating groove B (4033) is opened at the outer end of the moving block B (4031), one of the rotating blocks B (4034) is rotatably connected to the rotating groove B (4033), and the other moving block B (4031) is rotatably connected to the supporting component (404), the two rotating blocks B (4034) are rotatably connected to each other through the connecting block B (4035), and the state adjustment device (5) is connected to the moving block B (4031).

3. The karst tunnel construction emergency reinforcement device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support assembly (404) comprises a top-mounted block (4041), a side-mounted block (4042), a sliding hole (4043) and a support rod (4044); the top-mounted block (4041) is arranged at the top of the support truss (3); the side-mounted block (4042) is symmetrically arranged on the side of the support truss (3); the sliding hole (4043) is linearly opened on the top-mounted block (4041) and the side-mounted block (4042); the support rod (4044) is movably passed through the sliding hole (4043); one end of the support rod (4044) is connected to the rotating block A (4024) and the rotating block B (4034); and the other end of the support rod (4044) is connected to the reinforcement bearing mechanism (6).

4. The karst tunnel construction emergency reinforcement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The state adjustment device (5) comprises a servo motor A (501), an adjustment gear (502), an opposing rack (503), a connecting arm (504) and a linkage rod (505), wherein the servo motor A (501) is arranged on the supporting truss (3), the adjustment gear (502) is connected to the output end of the servo motor A (501), one end of the opposing rack (503) is slidably connected to the supporting truss (3), the other end of the opposing rack (503) is meshedly connected to the adjustment gear (502), one end of the connecting arm (504) is connected to the opposing rack (503), the other end of the connecting arm (504) is connected to the moving block B (4031), one end of the linkage rod (505) is connected to the opposing rack (503), and the other end of the linkage rod (505) is passed through a plurality of the moving blocks B (4031).

5. The karst tunnel construction emergency reinforcement device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reinforced bearing mechanism (6) comprises a reinforced shell (601), a bearing block (602), a rotating block (603), a sliding groove (604), a slider (605), a torsion spring (606), a curvature block (607), a telescopic rod (608) and a servo motor B (609). The reinforced shell (601) is connected to the support rod (4044), the bearing block (602) is arranged inside the reinforced shell (601), and the rotating block (603) is rotatably inserted into the bearing block (602). The slide groove (604) is symmetrically opened on the supporting block (602), the slider (605) is slidably arranged on the slide groove (604), the torsion spring (606) is sleeved on the rotating block (603), the end of the torsion spring (606) is connected to the slider (605), a plurality of curvature blocks (607) are linearly rotatably connected to the two ends of the supporting block (602) through the telescopic rod (608), and the servo motor B (609) is connected to the rotating block (603).

6. The karst tunnel construction emergency reinforcement device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The expansion and contraction drilling anchor rod (7) comprises a rod barrel (701), a shaft (702), an expansion slot (703), a carrier ring (704), a rotating rod (705), a central gear (706), a tightening block (707) and a toothed groove (708), wherein the rod barrel (701) is inserted into the reinforcing bearing mechanism (6), the shaft (702) is rotatably inserted into the interior of the rod barrel (701), the expansion slots (703) are linearly and evenly spaced on the rod barrel (701), and the carrier ring (704) is provided on the rod barrel (701). The rotating rod (705) is symmetrically arranged at a position close to the expansion slot (703) inside the rod barrel (701), the rotating rod (705) is connected to the two carrying rings (704), the central gear (706) is sleeved on the shaft (702), the tightening block (707) is rotatably sleeved on the rotating rod (705) at a position close to the expansion slot (703), the toothless groove (708) is opened on the tightening block (707), and the toothless groove (708) is meshed with the central gear (706).

7. A reinforcement method for an emergency reinforcement device for karst tunnel construction according to claim 6, wherein the method is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, front-end layout operation; By symmetrically arranging the track (1) on the ground inside the karst tunnel, and by slidingly cooperating the walking roller (2) with the track (1), the support truss (3) drives the outer diameter adjustment mechanism (4), the state adjustment device (5) and the reinforcement bearing mechanism (6) to slide into the tunnel, thereby determining the reinforcement position and locking the walking roller (2); S2, reinforcement state adjustment operation; S2.

1. According to the type of the reinforced karst tunnel, an appropriate reinforcement state is selected. If the arch tunnel is reinforced, the servo motor A (501) is driven to drive the adjustment gear (502) to rotate, and the adjustment gear (502) is engaged with two opposing racks (503) slidably connected to the support truss (3), driving the two opposing racks (503) to move in opposite directions. The movement of the opposing racks (503) pulls the connecting arm (504) to move, and the connecting arm (504) drives the moving block B (4031) to move in opposite directions, so that the inner wire groove B (4032) of the moving block B (4031) is fitted with the bidirectional outer wire groove (4013). The bidirectional outer wire groove (4013) drives the moving blocks A (4021) and the moving block B (4031) at the top and both sides to move, so that the arch tunnel reinforcement state is formed; S2.

2. According to the type of the reinforced karst tunnel, an appropriate reinforcement state is selected. If a horseshoe-shaped tunnel is reinforced, the servo motor A (501) is driven to drive the adjustment gear (502) to rotate. The adjustment gear (502) is engaged with two opposing racks (503) slidably connected to the support truss (3), and the two opposing racks (503) are driven to move in opposite directions. The movement of the opposing racks (503) pulls the connecting arm (504) to move. The connecting arm (504) drives the moving block B (4031) to move in opposite directions, so that the inner wire groove B (4032) of the moving block B (4031) is separated from the bidirectional outer wire groove (4013). When in the separated state, the bidirectional outer wire groove (4013) only drives the top moving block A (4021) to move, so that a horseshoe-shaped tunnel reinforcement state is formed. S3, reinforcement support operation; According to the type of the reinforced karst tunnel, a reinforcement shell (601) with an adaptive curvature is selected, the internal bearing assembly of the reinforcement bearing mechanism (6) is adjusted, and the servo motor B (609) is driven to drive the rotating block (603) to rotate on the bearing block (602). The rotating block (603) rotates and twists the torsion spring (606) to pull the sliders (605) on both sides to slide on the slide groove (604). The slider (605) pulls the telescopic rod (608) and the curvature block (607) to be straight, or release to be curved, so as to adapt to the inner wall of the karst tunnel with different curvatures. S4, anchoring operation; The rod barrel (701) is inserted into the reinforcement shell (601), and the rod barrel (701) is driven by an external driving device to drill into the inner wall of the tunnel. When the insertion is completed, the shaft rod (702) is rotated at the same time by the external driving device, and the shaft rod (702) drives the central gear (706) to rotate. The central gear (706) is engaged with the toothed groove (708) of the tightening block (707), so that the tightening block (707) rotates and expands on the expansion groove (703), thereby achieving the effect of locking the rock and soil.

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