Intensive industrial modern gastrodia elata planting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to a gastrodia elata planting technology, and particularly relates to an intensive industrial modern gastrodia elata planting method. The method is technically characterized in that miscellaneous tree branch wood dust is placed at the bottom of a frame, cultivated armillaria mellea is placed in the frame according to the required number, the armillaria mellea is directly exposed and can make direct contact with wood, an armillaria mellea bag is covered with wood dust or saw dust, 12-18 gastrodia elata seeds are evenly placed on the wood dust and the saw dust in each frame, and the gastrodia elata is planted in each frame. Each frame is watered according to the water content of 23-28%, the frames are placed in dark and shading rooms, greenhouses and under forests, and gastrodia elata can be harvested after 4-6 months. The technology has the advantages that the raw materials are wide in source, the labor cost is low, the storage cost is low, and the waste materials are degradable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to a gastrodia elata planting technology, in particular to an intensive industrialized and modernized gastrodia elata planting method. Technical Background

[0002] The factory-based production of Gastrodia elata substitutes is a technology that uses modern equipment and intelligent management to cultivate Gastrodia elata in a greenhouse all year round based on the cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata substitutes. The cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata substitutes is a technology that uses a mechanized production line to artificially produce Armillaria melleaf bags (mushroom sticks) instead of logs and wooden sticks to cultivate Gastrodia elata. The growth characteristics of Gastrodia elata are different from those of general plants and edible fungi such as black fungus and shiitake mushrooms. It does not require light or soil, and can be planted in multiple layers, so it is easier to enter the industrial production system. Industrial cultivation realizes the production of Armillaria melleaf bags on a mechanized assembly line, implements the annual cycle production of Gastrodia elata in a greenhouse, realizes intelligent management, and can produce fresh Gastrodia elata every day, supplying the market all year round. It marks the birth of a new modern agricultural economic industry, providing humans with a new food source and a large health economic industry.

[0003] Gastrodia elata is a plant that can be used as both medicine and food, and its edible prospects are immeasurable. First, Gastrodia elata has a similar shape and taste to tuberous plants, but is more nutritious; it is reported that about 90 species of Gastrodia elata have been discovered on the earth. The huge race and rich germplasm resources provide a wide range of breeding materials for artificial breeding, and hybrid combinations and directional breeding can be carried out at will according to the different needs of different groups of people to meet human needs for deliciousness and health. Second, Gastrodia elata has an amazing bioconversion efficiency, and factory production can achieve 10000 tons per m 3 The yield is more than 30kg, and three seasons can be produced in a year, and it is not restricted by the geographical climate environment. Third, the factory production of Gastrodia elata can completely get rid of the pollution of fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals, and use pollution-free materials to produce natural food. Therefore, the international trend is to use agricultural biodiversity to explore a new generation of high-yield and nutritious crops, and Gastrodia elata deserves it. The factory production of Gastrodia elata will contribute to solving the problem of food security and hidden hunger for mankind.

[0004] Humans have entered an era of rethinking the adjustment of dietary structure. It is obvious that fungi and medicinal and edible plants have a positive impact on human health. Humans need to enhance immunity and improve their ability to resist diseases and toxins. It is better to study food than to study medicine, because diseases enter the body through the mouth. The forest area of ​​the earth is three times the cultivated land area. Due to health needs, humans have gradually turned their attention to forests, which account for 31% of the earth's land area: humans will enter the era of eating wood.

[0005] Academician Jiang Jianchun of the Chinese Academy of Forestry and Professor Si Jinping of Zhejiang A&F University wrote in the article "Research on the Development Strategy of the Emerging Forestry and Food Industry - Polygonatum sibiricum" that "In the 21st century, mankind has encountered unprecedented challenges such as a century-long change, a century-long epidemic, regional conflicts and natural disasters. The global food security situation is complex and severe, and diet-related chronic diseases are prevalent. Views such as "health-centered", "nutritional diversity" and "food is medicine" have become a general consensus; using agricultural biodiversity to explore a new generation of high-yield and nutritious crops has become an international trend.

[0006] In 2021, Wufeng County, Yichang City, conducted a trial of using substitute materials for cultivation of Gastrodia elata. The yield per square meter of Gastrodia elata cultivated under the forest reached 22.8kg, and the weight of a single plant reached 0.5kg. The trial was conducted in Renheping Town, Wufeng County. Professor Chen Shilin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, director of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and an academician of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences, visited the innovative planting model of Wufeng Gastrodia elata and personally participated in the on-site yield measurement. Academician Chen highly affirmed it. The successful application of new technologies for the cultivation of Gastrodia elata substitute materials has laid a solid foundation for the factory production of Gastrodia elata. Summary of the invention

[0007] This patent aims to solve the above-mentioned existing technical problems and provides an intensive, industrialized and modernized method for growing Gastrodia elata.

[0008] The specific technical solution of this technology is as follows:

[0009] An intensive industrialized and modernized method for growing Gastrodia elata, characterized by:

[0010] Use factory-based cultivation plastic turnover baskets, the specifications of which are (inner diameter) 635cm*440cm*400cm. The difference between special turnover baskets and ordinary plastic baskets is that the four sides of the basket are plate-like surfaces without holes, and the bottom has holes; there are 4 more holes on the upper side, which can cross two water pipes;

[0011] The specific steps are as follows:

[0012] Step 1: Use wood and pine and fir sawdust crusher to crush sawdust, and one basket of materials (wet) is about 15kg;

[0013] Step 2: 10 kg of Gastrodia elata nutrient pack (or substitute mushroom pack, i.e., Armillaria mellea pack);

[0014] Step 3: 10kg of tender wood branches;

[0015] Step 4: 0.2 kg of 0th generation Gastrodia elata seedlings (or Gastrodia elata seeds);

[0016] Sowing method: Spread a 2cm thick layer of pine and fir sawdust on the bottom of the basket, cut 10kg of tree branches into 15cm long branches, plant them upright in the basket, and fill the gaps with sawdust; cut 10kg honey fungus bags (about 8) into two sections, about 10cm long, that is, 16 pieces, and plant them upright on the mushroom firewood; fill the gaps with sawdust, and then plant the Gastrodia elata seedlings upright on the side of the mushroom bag with their heads up and their tails down, two hemp seeds (seedlings) for one mushroom bag, and a total of about 32 hemp seeds are planted; the hemp seeds can also be placed flat on the surface of the mushroom bag and covered with 5cm thick sawdust; the sawdust used must have a moisture content of more than 70%; cover the surface with a black and white film to keep moisture and shade. Leave a 65cm walkway between the two rows;

[0017] The temperature of the cultivation room is adjusted to 18-20℃. The humidity is natural. After about 10 days, the cords of Armillaria grow out of the basket surface, and the Gastrodia seeds are connected to the fungi. The room temperature is adjusted to 22-23℃. Ventilate twice a day, 10 minutes each time. After 20 days, check the moisture in the basket. If the moisture content of the sawdust is less than 60%, add water. After sufficient watering, turn off the switch and cover with film. After that, water once every 25 days or so. After about 20 days, the cords of Armillaria have basically grown all over the surface of the basket.

[0018] Artificial water replenishment: Reach in through the hand hole on the top of the basket to peel off the film on the basket surface, and directly use the movable water pipe nozzle to spray water on the surface until it is saturated with water; then cover it with a film;

[0019] Automatic water replenishment: a micro-spraying pipe is passed through the hole on the basket in parallel, and both ends are connected to the main pipe and equipped with switches. When watering, remove the film, open the water pipe switches in layers or at the same time, and water 4-5 times during the whole production period;

[0020] Features:

[0021] During the sowing period, the moisture content of the sawdust substrate should be 75%-80%, the wetter the better, and cover tightly with a film;

[0022] Check the moisture content of the substrate 20 days after sowing, and replenish water in time to more than 75%; sufficient moisture can not only promote the rapid growth of honey fungus, but also inhibit the reproduction of other bacteria, and the 0th generation of Gastrodia elata is not afraid of high humidity; maintain high humidity for 45-50 days, the honey fungus has eaten through the auxiliary branches at the bottom of the basket, and the overall habitat enters a safe period; after 50 days, the moisture content of the substrate drops to 60%, and it should be maintained until 90 days;

[0023] After 90 days, the moisture content of the substrate dropped to 50%, and on the 110th to 120th day, the moisture content of the substrate was about 40% to 45%;

[0024] Temperature management: The room temperature starts at 18-20℃, and is adjusted to 22-23℃ after 10 days. It is maintained at 22-23℃ for 30 days. At this time, the temperature of the material in the basket will rise, 3-5℃ higher than the room temperature. Then the room temperature is adjusted to 20℃ and maintained until the 100th day of the growth period. At this time, the gastrodia elata is basically mature. The temperature begins to be lowered. The temperature is lowered by 1-2℃ every day, and it drops to 15℃ in 5 days. It is maintained at 15℃ for 15 days, and the growth period ends, and the gastrodia elata is harvested.

[0025] Ventilation management: No ventilation in the first 10 days, ventilation twice a day for 10 minutes each time in the next 10 days; ventilation 3 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 20 days; ventilation 4 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 40 days; ventilation 5 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 50 days; ventilation 6 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 60 days; ventilation 3 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 100 days; ventilation 2 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 110 days. The whole production period is 120 days.

[0026] This technology discloses the process flow of factory-based production of Gastrodia elata substitutes, assembly line production of substitute mushroom bags, greenhouse design for year-round production, intelligent management of greenhouses, seedling cultivation for year-round production, and variety selection of Gastrodia elata as food material, which has certain guiding significance for factory-based production of Gastrodia elata. The successful screening of high-quality and low-cost culture matrix has become a milestone in the progress of factory-based production of Gastrodia elata. Human beings have entered an era of rampant diseases and plagues, and Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine culture will enter an unprecedented era of prosperity, and the culture of medicine and food homology will also be widely recognized and popularized. Plants that can be used as both medicine and food will even be given more attention than food crops, because health is more important than anything else.

[0027] According to many years of research and experiments, the factory production of Gastrodia elata has the following requirements for the culture medium:

[0028] ① The matrix raw materials are widely available and can be obtained locally, with low purchase costs;

[0029] ② Lightweight, easy to transport and use, and low labor cost;

[0030] ③ Low storage cost, can be piled in the open air without fear of sun and rain;

[0031] ④The raw materials are breathable, water-repellent, and have good water retention and heat preservation properties;

[0032] ⑤ The raw materials themselves have certain antibacterial and anti-corrosion capabilities, and will not ferment or mold during the accumulation and use process;

[0033] ⑥ It does not contain any harmful substances to the growth of Gastrodia elata, nor any harmful substances to human body and food, such as pesticide residues, heavy metals, etc.;

[0034] ⑦ Waste materials are biodegradable, have low processing costs, and can be converted and utilized.

[0035] Three materials were used as substrates for the factory production test of Gastrodia elata. Although all of them were successful, the results of cost performance varied greatly:

[0036] ① Husk. It is light, breathable, water-retaining, heat-insulating, and antibacterial. However, its disadvantages are poor water retention, inability to obtain local materials, and high transportation costs.

[0037] ② Grass carbon soil. It has the characteristics of antibacterial, breathable and water-retaining, light weight, and slightly better water retention, but it is expensive to make and use.

[0038] ③ Pine and fir sawdust. It has all the advantages of the above materials, and is low-cost, can be obtained locally, and has a wide range of raw material sources. Because pine and fir sawdust has all the characteristics of being used as a culture matrix for the factory production of Gastrodia elata, after comparative research, it is suitable as a culture matrix for Gastrodia elata factory production. Therefore, a technical solution is obtained: using forestry waste pine and fir sawdust as a matrix for factory cultivation of Gastrodia elata. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Taking the factory cultivation plastic turnover basket as an example, the turnover basket specification is (inner diameter) 635cm*440cm*400cm. The difference between the special turnover basket and the ordinary plastic basket is that the four sides of the basket are plate-like, without holes, and the bottom has holes; there are 4 more holes on the upper side, which can cross two water pipes. ① Buy pine and fir sawdust from the wood processing factory, or use a sawdust crusher to grind sawdust. One basket uses about 15kg of material (wet);

[0040] ② 10kg of Gastrodia elata nutrient pack (or substitute mushroom pack, i.e. Armillaria mellea pack);

[0041] ③ 10kg of miscellaneous wood and tender branches;

[0042] ④0.2kg of 0th generation Gastrodia elata seedlings (or seeds).

[0043] 2.2.2 Sowing method: Spread a 2cm thick layer of pine and fir sawdust on the bottom of the basket, cut 10kg of tree branches into 15cm long branches, plant them upright in the basket, and fill the gaps with sawdust. Cut 10kg honey fungus bags (about 8) into two sections, about 10cm long, that is, 16 pieces, and plant them upright on the mushroom firewood. Fill the gaps with sawdust, and then plant the Gastrodia elata seedlings upright on the side of the mushroom bag with their heads up and their tails down. One mushroom bag has two hemp seeds (seedlings), and a total of about 32 hemp seeds are planted; the hemp seeds can also be placed flat on the surface of the mushroom bag and covered with 5cm thick sawdust. The sawdust used must have a moisture content of more than 70%. Cover the surface with a black and white film to keep moisture and shade. Leave a 65cm walkway between the two rows.

[0044] 2.2.3 Management methods: The temperature of the cultivation room is adjusted to 18-20℃. The humidity is natural. After about 10 days, the cords of Armillaria grow out of the basket surface, and the Gastrodia seeds are connected. The room temperature is adjusted to 22-23℃. Ventilate twice a day, 10 minutes each time. After 20 days, check the moisture in the basket. If the moisture content of the sawdust is less than 60%, add water. After watering enough, turn off the switch and cover with film. After that, water once every 25 days or so. After about 20 days, the cords of Armillaria have basically grown all over the surface of the basket.

[0045] Artificial water replenishment method: Reach in through the hand hole on the top of the basket to peel off the film on the basket surface, and directly use the movable water pipe nozzle to spray water on the surface until it is saturated with water. Then cover it with film.

[0046] Automatic water replenishment method: Pass a micro-spray pipe parallel to the hole on the top of the basket, connect both ends to the main pipe and set switches. Remove the film when watering, open the water pipe switches in layers or at the same time, and water 4-5 times during the whole production period.

[0047] Moisture management points:

[0048] ① The moisture content of sawdust substrate should be 75%-80% during sowing period. The wetter the better. Cover with film tightly.

[0049] ② Check the moisture content of the substrate 20 days after sowing, and replenish water to more than 75% in time. Adequate moisture can not only promote the rapid growth of honey fungus, but also inhibit the reproduction of other bacteria, and the 0th generation of Gastrodia elata is not afraid of high humidity;

[0050] ③ Maintain high humidity for 45-50 days, the honey fungus has eaten through the branches at the bottom of the basket, and the overall habitat enters a safe period;

[0051] ④After 50 days, the moisture content of the substrate dropped to 60% and remained so until 90 days;

[0052] ⑤ After 90 days, the moisture content of the substrate drops to 50%, and on the 110th to 120th day, the moisture content of the substrate is about 40%-45%.

[0053] Temperature management: The room temperature starts at 18-20℃, and is adjusted to 22-23℃ after 10 days. It is maintained at 22-23℃ for 30 days. At this time, the temperature of the material in the basket will rise, 3-5℃ higher than the room temperature. The room temperature is then adjusted to 20℃ and maintained until the 100th day of the growth period. At this time, the gastrodia elata is basically mature. Start to lower the temperature. Lower the temperature by 1-2℃ every day, and drop it to 15℃ in 5 days. Maintain 15℃ for 15 days, end the growth period, and harvest the gastrodia elata.

[0054] Ventilation management: No ventilation in the first 10 days, ventilation twice a day for 10 minutes each time in the next 10 days; ventilation 3 times a day after 20 days, ventilation twice for 10 minutes each time; ventilation 4 times a day after 40 days, ventilation 5 times a day after 50 days, ventilation 6 times a day after 60 days, ventilation 3 times a day after 100 days, ventilation 10 minutes each time; ventilation 2 times a day after 110 days, ventilation 10 minutes each time. The whole production period is 120 days.

[0055] Advantages of this technology:

[0056] Main features of Gastrodia elata substitute cultivation technology

[0057] ① Make extensive use of all available biological resources, and the raw materials for cultivation are inexhaustible;

[0058] ② Use modern machinery and equipment, factory production, and intelligent management;

[0059] ③Scientifically proportion nutrient sources and make efficient use of resources.

[0060] Advantages of Gastrodia elata factory production technology

[0061] The factory production technology of Gastrodia elata is an intensive, industrialized and modernized production technology based on the cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata substitute materials. Using modern industrial technology, the mechanized assembly line produces Gastrodia elata nutrition packs, namely Armillaria mellea packs, and adopts intelligent management technology to accurately and efficiently control the growth environmental factors of Gastrodia elata. In addition, scientific directional breeding technology breaks the limitations of space and time, making the Gastrodia elata industry an industrialized year-round food crop and economic industry.

[0062] Gastrodia elata factory production technology needs to overcome three major technical bottlenecks

[0063] ① The technology of producing honey fungus bags with high efficiency and low consumption has been mastered;

[0064] ② Directed breeding and annual breeding technology, which has been initially completed and gradually improved;

[0065] ③ High-quality and low-cost culture matrix. This technology has been successfully tested, that is, the method of using pine and fir sawdust as a matrix for factory-scale production of Gastrodia elata substitute.

[0066] Advantages of Successfully Tried Culture Matrix

[0067] ① The substrate is loose and breathable, with good water holding capacity, the honey fungus grows fast and vigorously, the Gastrodia elata seedlings are inoculated early and quickly, the inoculation rate can reach 100%, and the Gastrodia elata yield is high;

[0068] ② The substrate is highly pure and antibacterial, does not generate heat, ferment, or grow bacteria, and the gastrodia elata grows robustly, is free of pests and diseases, and has good quality;

[0069] ③The matrix raw materials are natural, pure and pollution-free, and the produced Gastrodia elata is pure natural food;

[0070] ④ The raw materials are low in cost, easy to store, convenient to use and have good effects, thus reducing the production cost of Gastrodia elata.

[0071] Economic and social benefits

[0072] Cost accounting: 8 10kg Tianma nutrition packs*4 yuan, 32 yuan; 10kg branches*0.6 yuan, 6 yuan; 0.4kg Tianma seeds*25 yuan, 10 yuan; 1 piece of film is about 1 yuan; the total raw materials are 52 yuan. Labor and management costs are about 10 yuan, turnover basket depreciation is 2 yuan, water and electricity costs, workshop use fees are about 6 yuan, a total of 70 yuan. The output of Tianma is about 7.5kg, calculated at the market price of 24 yuan, 180 yuan. That is, the gross profit is 110 yuan. The economic benefits are significant.

[0073] Social benefits: If the Gastrodia elata substitute cultivation technology successfully achieves the upgrading of the Gastrodia elata industry, then the Gastrodia elata factory cultivation technology will open up a path for agricultural modernization. Whether it is the big health industry, agricultural bio-economic industry, or market consumption, driving employment and other related industries will benefit each other.

[0074] Food crises, plagues, wars, land pollution, etc. have forced humans into the era of herbivory and wood-eating. Gastrodia elata is a special plant that not only has a large breeding selection space, but also has great potential for increasing production. More importantly, Gastrodia elata can be industrially produced, and its volume is almost not limited by time and space. The author has studied the Gastrodia elata industry for many years and has successfully tested and demonstrated the technology of using forestry waste pine and fir sawdust as a matrix for factory-based cultivation of Gastrodia elata, and combined with Gastrodia elata substitute cultivation technology, it has effectively solved the bottleneck of the Gastrodia elata industry. However, when the Gastrodia elata industry rises to the point where it can affect human food security and health issues, it is not just a matter for individuals and teams.

Claims

1. An intensive industrialized and modernized method for growing Gastrodia elata, characterized by: Use factory-based cultivation plastic turnover baskets, the specifications of which are (inner diameter) 635cm*440cm*400cm. The difference between special turnover baskets and ordinary plastic baskets is that the four sides of the basket are plate-like surfaces without holes, and the bottom has holes; there are 4 more holes on the upper side, which can cross two water pipes; The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Use wood and pine and fir sawdust crusher to crush sawdust, and one basket of materials (wet) is about 15kg; Step 2: 10 kg of Gastrodia elata nutrient pack (or substitute mushroom pack, i.e., Armillaria mellea pack); Step 3: 10kg of tender wood branches; Step 4: 0.2 kg of 0th generation Gastrodia elata seedlings (or Gastrodia elata seeds); Sowing method: Spread a 2cm thick layer of pine and fir sawdust on the bottom of the basket, cut 10kg of tree branches into 15cm long branches, plant them upright in the basket, and fill the gaps with sawdust; cut 10kg honey fungus bags (about 8) into two sections, about 10cm long, that is, 16 pieces, and plant them upright on the mushroom firewood; fill the gaps with sawdust, and then plant the Gastrodia elata seedlings upright on the side of the mushroom bag with their heads facing up and their tails facing down, with two hemp seeds (seedlings) for one mushroom bag, and a total of about 32 hemp seeds planted; the hemp seeds can also be placed flat on the surface of the mushroom bag and covered with 5cm thick sawdust; the sawdust used must have a moisture content of more than 70%; cover the surface with a black self-film to keep moisture and shade, and leave a 65cm walkway between the two rows; Step 5. Adjust the temperature of the cultivation room to 18-20℃ and natural humidity. After about 10 days, the honey fungus cords will grow out of the basket surface, and the Gastrodia seeds will be connected to the fungus. Adjust the room temperature to 22-23℃. Ventilate twice a day, 10 minutes each time. After 20 days, check the moisture in the basket. If the moisture content of the sawdust is lower than 60%, add water. After watering enough, turn off the switch and cover with film. Water once every 25 days. After about 20 days, the honey fungus cords have basically grown all over the basket surface. Artificial water replenishment: Reach in through the hand hole on the top of the basket to peel off the film on the basket surface, and directly use the movable water pipe nozzle to spray water on the surface until it is saturated with water; then cover it with a film; Automatic water replenishment: a micro-spraying pipe is passed through the hole on the basket in parallel, and both ends are connected to the main pipe and equipped with switches. When watering, remove the film, open the water pipe switches in layers or at the same time, and water 4-5 times during the whole production period; During the sowing period, the moisture content of the sawdust substrate should be 75%-80%, the wetter the better, and cover tightly with a film; Check the moisture content of the substrate 20 days after sowing, and replenish water to more than 75% in time; sufficient moisture can not only promote the rapid growth of honey fungus, but also inhibit the reproduction of other bacteria, and the 0th generation of Gastrodia elata is not afraid of high humidity; Keep high humidity for 45-50 days, the honey fungus has eaten all the branches at the bottom of the basket, and the overall habitat has entered a safe period; After 50 days, the moisture content of the substrate dropped to 60%, which was maintained until 90 days; After 90 days, the moisture content of the substrate dropped to 50%, and on the 110th to 120th day, the moisture content of the substrate was about 40% to 45%; Temperature management: The room temperature starts at 18-20℃, and is adjusted to 22-23℃ after 10 days. It is maintained at 22-23℃ for 30 days. At this time, the temperature of the material in the basket will rise, 3-5℃ higher than the room temperature. Then the room temperature is adjusted to 20℃ and maintained until the 100th day of the growth period. At this time, the gastrodia elata is basically mature. The temperature begins to be lowered. The temperature is lowered by 1-2℃ every day, and it drops to 15℃ in 5 days. It is maintained at 15℃ for 15 days, and the growth period ends, and the gastrodia elata is harvested. Ventilation management: no ventilation in the first 10 days, ventilate twice a day for 10 minutes each time in the next 10 days; ventilate 3 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 20 days; ventilate 4 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 40 days; ventilate 5 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 50 days; ventilate 6 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 60 days; ventilate 3 times a day for 10 minutes each time after 100 days; ventilate twice a day for 10 minutes each time after 110 days. The whole production period is 120 days.