Wound dressing capable of preventing seawater self-adhesion and rapidly stopping bleeding and preparation method of wound dressing

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical materials, and particularly relates to a seawater self-adhesive wound dressing capable of rapidly stopping bleeding and a preparation method of the seawater self-adhesive wound dressing. The electrospun fiber wound dressing provided by the invention contains an efficient hemostatic, and can quickly promote blood coagulation, shorten the hemostasis time and provide timely and effective first-aid measures for patients. By means of the multi-layer structural design, especially the self-adhesive waterproof layer, seawater permeation can be effectively prevented, wounds are protected against seawater erosion, and the infection risk is reduced. The composite breathable film with the gradient aperture design is adopted, it can be guaranteed that water vapor in the wound area is discharged smoothly, invasion of outside moisture and bacteria can be blocked, and the wound is kept dry and clean. The electrospun fiber wound dressing provided by the invention has the advantages of rapid hemostasis, seawater erosion prevention, excellent self-adhesion, good air permeability, structural stability and the like, and is a wound dressing suitable for wound treatment in marine emergency rescue and daily marine activities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of medical materials, and in particular relates to a seawater-proof self-adhesive rapid hemostatic wound dressing and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the marine environment, once an accidental injury occurs, due to the permeability and salt content of seawater, traditional wound dressings are often difficult to effectively stop bleeding and are easy to fall off, increasing the difficulty of treatment and the risk of infection; moreover, traditional hemostatic dressings require an additional adhesive layer during use, which is inconvenient to use. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a wound dressing that can maintain stable performance in a seawater environment and has rapid hemostasis and self-adhesive properties.

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a seawater-resistant self-adhesive and rapid hemostatic electrospun fiber wound dressing and a preparation method thereof. The dressing can effectively resist the erosion of seawater, quickly stop bleeding, and has excellent self-adhesiveness, and is suitable for wound treatment in maritime emergency rescue and daily marine activities. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and provide a seawater-resistant, self-adhesive, rapid hemostatic electrospun fiber wound dressing and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a seawater-proof self-adhesive rapid hemostatic wound dressing, comprising a hemostatic adsorption layer, a moisture conductive layer, and a self-adhesive waterproof layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, the hemostatic adsorption layer is made of a hemostatic agent with a slow-release hemostatic agent and a degradable nanofiber adsorbed by wound exudate, the moisture conductive layer is made of nanofibers, the self-adhesive waterproof layer is made of a hydrophobic polymer and biological glue, the projection area of ​​the self-adhesive waterproof layer in the vertical direction is larger than the projection areas of the hemostatic adsorption layer and the moisture conductive layer in the vertical direction, the pore sizes of the hemostatic adsorption layer, the moisture conductive layer, and the self-adhesive waterproof layer materials decrease in a gradient in sequence, wherein the pore size of the hemostatic adsorption layer is 10 to 100 μm, the pore size of the moisture conductive layer is 1 to 10 μm, and the pore size of the self-adhesive waterproof layer is 0.05 to 0.2 μm.

[0007] Specifically, the projection area of ​​the self-adhesive waterproof layer in the vertical direction is larger than the projection areas of the hemostatic adsorption layer and the moisture conductive layer in the vertical direction.

[0008] Specifically, the pore sizes of the hemostatic absorption layer, the moisture conductive layer, and the self-adhesive waterproof layer are 10-100 μm, 1-10 μm, and 0.05-0.2 μm, respectively.

[0009] Specifically, the degradable nanofibers of the hemostatic adsorption layer include, but are not limited to, one or more of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid.

[0010] Specifically, a hemostatic agent is disposed in the hemostatic adsorption layer, and the hemostatic agent includes but is not limited to one or more of chitosan, thrombin, zinc oxide particles, fibrinogen, platelet activating factor, and calcium alginate.

[0011] Specifically, the nanofibers of the moisture conductive layer include, but are not limited to, one or more of polyurethane, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, polyacrylate, and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0012] Specifically, the waterproof layer in the self-adhesive waterproof layer is made of a hydrophobic polymer, and the hydrophobic polymer includes but is not limited to one or more of polyacrylate and polyurethane.

[0013] Specifically, the waterproof layer is formed by spraying or dipping biological glue on the surface of the hydrophobic polymer close to the skin to form a self-adhesive waterproof layer, and the biological glue includes but is not limited to one or more of fibrin glue, cyanoacrylate, and polyurethane.

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the wound dressing as described above, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Screening of electrospinning fiber process parameters

[0016] Through orthogonal experiments, the electrospinning fiber process parameters for preparing the fiber mesh of the hemostatic adsorption layer, the moisture-conducting layer, and the self-adhesive waterproof layer were screened out respectively; at the same time, the process parameters for loading the coagulation factor in the hemostatic adsorption layer were screened out;

[0017] Step 2: Material screening and preparation of electrospun fibers for the hemostatic adsorption layer and the moisture-conducting layer

[0018] By comparing the mechanical properties of the hemostatic adsorption layer and the moisture conductive layer materials, the tensile strength is controlled between 5 and 20 MPa and 2 and 10 MPa, respectively, the tear strength is controlled between 10 and 50 N / mm and 5 and 30 N / mm, respectively, the elastic modulus is controlled between 1 and 10 MPa and 0.5 and 5 MPa, respectively, the surface morphology, that is, the fiber arrangement is as neat and orderly as possible, the pore structure is evenly distributed, the surface roughness is controlled between 0.1 and 1 μm and 0.1 and 0.5 μm, respectively, the pore size is controlled between 10 and 50 μm and 1.0 and 5.0 μm, respectively, and is distributed as evenly as possible, and the hydrophilic surface performance, that is, The contact angle should be less than 90°, and the water absorption rate should be controlled within 30 seconds. Suitable degradable nanofiber materials are selected, and the selected degradable nanomaterials are dissolved in a solvent to form a spinning solution. The spinning solution is spun into a nanofiber membrane using an electrospinning device to obtain an adsorption layer. On the basis of the adsorption layer, a moisture conductive layer is prepared using an electrospinning device. The spinning voltage of the electrospinning device is adjusted to 5 to 25 kV, the receiving distance is 5 to 25 cm, and the solution concentration is 3 to 20% to control the diameter and morphology of the electrospun fiber. Coagulation factors are sprayed or dipped on the surface of the hemostatic adsorption layer close to the skin, so as to obtain a hemostatic adsorption layer and a moisture conductive layer.

[0019] Step 3: Material screening and preparation of electrospun fibers for self-adhesive waterproof layer

[0020] The tissue bonding strength of the hydrophobic polymer for preparing the self-adhesive waterproof layer is selected to be 1 to 3 N / cm, the mechanical properties, namely the tensile strength, are controlled within the range of 5 to 15 MPa, the elongation at break is controlled between 100 and 300%, the elastic modulus is controlled within the range of 1 to 5 MPa, the surface morphology, namely the surface roughness, is controlled between 0.1 and 0.5 μm, the flatness deviation does not exceed ±0.5 μm, the pore size is controlled between 0.05 and 0.1 μm, and is distributed as evenly as possible, and the hydrostatic pressure resistance is controlled between 100 and 500 mmH2O, then the selected hydrophobic polymer is dissolved in a solvent to form a uniform spinning solution, the spinning solution is spun into a nanofiber membrane using an electrospinning device, the spinning voltage of the electrospinning device is adjusted to 25 to 35 kV, the receiving distance is 25 to 40 cm, and the solution concentration is 0.5 to 3% to control the diameter and morphology of the fiber to obtain a waterproof layer; biological glue is applied to the surface of the waterproof layer close to the skin to form a self-adhesive waterproof layer;

[0021] Step 4: Finished product processing

[0022] The prepared self-adhesive waterproof layer is adhered to the hemostatic adsorption layer and the moisture conductive layer to form an electrospun fiber wound dressing, and then the prepared wound dressing is dried in an oven at 50-60°C, vacuumed and heated to 50-60°C or freeze-dried to remove solvent residues, and sterilized to ensure the sterility of the dressing, and then cut and packaged according to actual needs.

[0023] Specifically, the electrospun fiber wound dressing is anti-seawater: the self-adhesive waterproof layer adopts a multi-layer structure design, the outer layer directly contacts the external environment (seawater), not directly contacting the wound, and has low skin affinity requirements. In terms of material selection, hydrophobic polymers resistant to seawater corrosion, such as polyurethane, are mainly considered; the inner layer is a glue with strong viscosity to improve overall durability. In addition, antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers can be added to improve the material's resistance to the natural environment.

[0024] Specifically, the breathable function of the electrospun fiber wound dressing is achieved as follows: based on the design of the microstructure and the electrospinning method, a composite breathable membrane with a gradient pore size is prepared. The membrane is composed of three layers of gradient pore size fibers, and the pore size changes from large to small from the inside to the outside. The large pore size of the inner layer is convenient for the discharge of water vapor from the wound, and the outer layer gradually transitions to a small pore size. On the one hand, the water vapor from the wound evaporates into smaller gas during the discharge process and can be discharged through the small hole. On the other hand, water, salt ions, impurities, bacteria, etc. in the outer seawater environment cannot enter through the small hole, thereby achieving a waterproof and breathable function and resolving the contradiction between the two.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] Rapid hemostasis: The electrospun fiber wound dressing provided by the present invention contains a highly effective hemostatic agent, which can rapidly promote blood coagulation, shorten the hemostasis time, and provide patients with timely and effective first aid measures.

[0027] Anti-seawater erosion: Through the multi-layer structure design, especially the self-adhesive waterproof layer, it can effectively prevent the penetration of seawater, protect the wound from seawater erosion, and reduce the risk of infection.

[0028] Excellent self-adhesiveness: The self-adhesive waterproof layer has strong adhesion and can fit the wound tightly without the need for an additional adhesive layer, making it more convenient to use while ensuring that the dressing does not fall off easily in seawater.

[0029] Good air permeability: The composite breathable membrane with gradient pore size design can not only ensure the smooth discharge of water vapor from the wound area, but also block the invasion of external moisture and bacteria, keeping the wound dry and clean.

[0030] Stable structure: By rationally matching the pore sizes of each layer of material, the entire dressing structure is more stable and less prone to deformation or damage, thus improving safety and reliability during use.

[0031] Biocompatibility: The selected degradable nanofiber material has good biocompatibility and degradability, reducing irritation and side effects to patients.

[0032] Simple preparation: The electrospinning technology is used to prepare each layer structure, and the process parameters are optimized and screened, making the entire preparation process simple and controllable, which is conducive to large-scale production.

[0033] In summary, the electrospun fiber wound dressing provided by the present invention has the advantages of rapid hemostasis, resistance to seawater erosion, excellent self-adhesion, good air permeability and structural stability, and is a wound dressing suitable for wound treatment in maritime emergency rescue and daily marine activities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wound dressing of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the wound dressing.

[0038] Among them: 1 is the hemostatic adsorption layer; 2 is the moisture conductive layer; 3 is the self-adhesive waterproof layer; 4 is sea water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Here, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, and examples thereof are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Instead, they are only examples consistent with some aspects of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0040] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] A seawater-proof self-adhesive rapid hemostatic wound dressing, comprising a hemostatic adsorption layer 1, a moisture-conducting layer 2, and a self-adhesive waterproof layer 3 which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the hemostatic adsorption layer 1 is made of a hemostatic agent with a slow release of a hemostatic agent and a degradable nanofiber adsorbed by wound exudate, the moisture-conducting layer 2 is made of nanofibers, and the self-adhesive waterproof layer 3 is made of a hydrophobic polymer and biological glue, and the pore sizes of the materials of the hemostatic adsorption layer 1, the moisture-conducting layer 2, and the self-adhesive waterproof layer 3 decrease in a gradient in sequence, see Figure 1 shown.

[0042] Specifically, the projection area of ​​the self-adhesive waterproof layer 3 in the vertical direction is larger than the projection areas of the hemostatic adsorption layer 1 and the moisture conductive layer 2 in the vertical direction.

[0043] Specifically, the pore sizes of the hemostatic adsorption layer 1, the moisture conductive layer 2, and the self-adhesive waterproof layer 3 are 10-100 μm, 1-10 μm, and 0.05-0.2 μm, respectively.

[0044] Specifically, the hemostatic adsorption layer 1 is made of degradable nanofibers, and the degradable nanofibers include but are not limited to one or more of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid.

[0045] Specifically, the hemostatic adsorption layer 1 is provided with a hemostatic agent, and the hemostatic agent includes but is not limited to one or more of chitosan, thrombin, zinc oxide particles, platelet activating factor, and calcium alginate.

[0046] Specifically, the moisture conductive layer 2 is made of nanofibers, and the nanofibers include but are not limited to one or more of polyurethane, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, polyacrylate, and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0047] Specifically, the waterproof layer in the self-adhesive waterproof layer 3 is made of a hydrophobic polymer, and the hydrophobic polymer includes but is not limited to one or more of polyacrylate and polyurethane.

[0048] Specifically, the waterproof layer is formed by spraying or dipping biological glue on the surface of the hydrophobic polymer close to the skin to form a self-adhesive waterproof layer 3, and the biological glue includes but is not limited to one or more of fibrin glue and cyanoacrylate.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] See also Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a wound dressing, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Preparation of hemostatic adsorption layer 1 and moisture conducting layer 2

[0052] Dissolving polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid in a hexafluoroisopropanol solution to form a spinning solution, respectively, and spinning the polylactic acid spinning solution into a nanofiber membrane using an electrospinning device to obtain an adsorption layer, wherein the spinning voltage of the electrospinning device when preparing the adsorption layer is 5 kV, the receiving distance is 5 cm, and the solution concentration is 3%;

[0053] On the basis of the adsorption layer, a polyglycolic acid spinning solution is prepared into a moisture conductive layer by using an electrospinning device, the diameter and morphology of the electrospun fiber are controlled by adjusting the parameters of the electrospinning device, and thrombin is sprayed or dipped on the surface of the adsorption layer close to the skin to obtain a hemostatic adsorption layer 1 and a moisture conductive layer 2, wherein the spinning voltage of the electrospinning device is 10 kV, the receiving distance is 10 cm, and the solution concentration is 6% when preparing the moisture conductive layer;

[0054] Step 2: Preparation of self-adhesive waterproof layer 3

[0055] The polyacrylate is dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran solution to form a uniform spinning solution, and the spinning solution is spun into a nanofiber membrane using an electrospinning device. The diameter and morphology of the fiber are controlled by adjusting the parameters of the electrospinning device to obtain a waterproof layer, wherein the spinning voltage of the electrospinning device is 25 kV, the receiving distance is 25 cm, and the solution concentration is 0.5% when preparing the waterproof layer; fibrin glue is applied to the surface of the waterproof layer close to the skin to form a self-adhesive waterproof layer 3;

[0056] Step 3: Finished product processing

[0057] The prepared self-adhesive waterproof layer 3 is adhered to the hemostatic adsorption layer 1 and the moisture conductive layer 2 to form an electrospun fiber wound dressing, and then the prepared wound dressing is vacuumed and heated to 50°C for drying to remove solvent residues, and sterilized to ensure the sterility of the dressing, and then cut and packaged according to actual needs.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] See also Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a wound dressing, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Preparation of hemostatic adsorption layer 1 and moisture conducting layer 2

[0061] Dissolving polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone and polyacrylate in a hexafluoroisopropanol solution respectively to form a spinning solution, and spinning the spinning solutions of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid into a nanofiber membrane using an electrospinning device to obtain an adsorption layer, wherein the spinning voltage of the electrospinning device when preparing the adsorption layer is 10 kV, the receiving distance is 10 cm, and the solution concentration is 6%;

[0062] On the basis of the adsorption layer, the spinning solution of polycaprolactone and polyacrylate is prepared into a moisture-conducting layer 2 by using an electrospinning device, and the diameter and morphology of the electrospun fiber are controlled by adjusting the parameters of the electrospinning device, and then a mixture of platelet activating factor and calcium alginate is sprayed or dipped on the surface of the adsorption layer close to the skin side, so as to obtain the hemostatic adsorption layer 1 and the moisture-conducting layer 2; wherein, when preparing the moisture-conducting layer 2, the spinning voltage of the electrospinning device is 25 kV, the receiving distance is 25 cm, and the solution concentration is 20%;

[0063] Step 2: Preparation of self-adhesive waterproof layer 3

[0064] The polyacrylate and polyurethane are dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran solution to form a uniform spinning solution, and the spinning solution is spun into a nanofiber membrane using an electrospinning device. The diameter and morphology of the fiber are controlled by adjusting the parameters of the electrospinning device to obtain a waterproof layer, wherein the spinning voltage of the electrospinning device is 35 kV, the receiving distance is 40 cm, and the solution concentration is 3% when preparing the waterproof layer; a mixture of fibrin glue and cyanoacrylate is applied to the surface of the waterproof layer close to the skin to form a self-adhesive waterproof layer 3;

[0065] Step 3: Finished product processing

[0066] The prepared self-adhesive waterproof layer 3 is adhered to the hemostatic adsorption layer 1 and the moisture conductive layer 2 to form an electrospun fiber wound dressing, and then the prepared electrospun fiber wound dressing is dried in an oven at 60°C to remove solvent residues and sterilized to ensure that the electrospun fiber wound dressing is sterile, and then cut and packaged according to actual needs.

[0067] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0068] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to what has been described above and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A seawater-proof self-adhesive rapid hemostatic wound dressing, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hemostatic adsorption layer, a moisture conductive layer and a self-adhesive waterproof layer which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the hemostatic adsorption layer is made of a hemostatic agent with slow release and a degradable nanofiber adsorbed by wound exudate, the moisture conductive layer is made of nanofibers, and the self-adhesive waterproof layer is made of a hydrophobic polymer and biological glue; the vertical projection area of ​​the self-adhesive waterproof layer is larger than the vertical projection areas of the hemostatic adsorption layer and the moisture conductive layer, and the pore sizes of the materials of the hemostatic adsorption layer, the moisture conductive layer and the self-adhesive waterproof layer decrease in a gradient in sequence, wherein the pore size of the hemostatic adsorption layer is 10 to 100 μm, the pore size of the moisture conductive layer is 1 to 10 μm, and the pore size of the self-adhesive waterproof layer is 0.05 to 0.2 μm.

2. The wound dressing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The degradable nanofibers of the hemostatic adsorption layer include, but are not limited to, one or more of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid.

3. The wound dressing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hemostatic adsorption layer is provided with a hemostatic agent, which includes but is not limited to one or more of chitosan, thrombin, zinc oxide particles, fibrinogen, platelet activating factor, and calcium alginate.

4. The wound dressing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nanofibers of the moisture conductive layer include, but are not limited to, one or more of polyurethane, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, polyacrylate, and polyvinyl alcohol.

5. The wound dressing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof layer in the self-adhesive waterproof layer is made of a hydrophobic polymer, and the hydrophobic polymer includes but is not limited to one or more of polyacrylate and polyurethane.

6. The wound dressing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The waterproof layer is formed by spraying or dipping biological glue on the surface of the hydrophobic polymer close to the skin to form a self-adhesive waterproof layer, and the biological glue includes but is not limited to one or more of fibrin glue, cyanoacrylate, and polyurethane.

7. A method for preparing a wound dressing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Screening of electrospinning fiber process parameters Through orthogonal experiments, the electrospinning fiber process parameters for preparing the fiber mesh of the hemostatic adsorption layer, the moisture-conducting layer, and the self-adhesive waterproof layer were screened out respectively; at the same time, the process parameters for loading the coagulation factor in the hemostatic adsorption layer were screened out; Step 2: Material screening and preparation of electrospun fibers for the hemostatic adsorption layer and the moisture-conducting layer By comparing the physical and chemical properties of the hemostatic adsorption layer and the moisture conductive layer materials, suitable degradable nanofiber materials are selected, the selected degradable nanofiber materials are respectively dissolved in solvents to form spinning solutions, the spinning solutions are spun into nanofiber membranes using electrospinning equipment to obtain an adsorption layer, and the moisture conductive layer is prepared using an electrospinning equipment on the basis of the adsorption layer, the diameter and morphology of the electrospun fibers are controlled by adjusting the parameters of the electrospinning equipment, and coagulation factors are sprayed or dipped on the surface of the hemostatic adsorption layer close to the skin, thereby obtaining the hemostatic adsorption layer and the moisture conductive layer; Step 3: Material screening and preparation of electrospun fibers for self-adhesive waterproof layer The method comprises the following steps: selecting an electrospun fiber material of a hydrophobic polymer for preparing a self-adhesive waterproof layer, dissolving the selected electrospun fiber material in a solvent to form a uniform spinning solution, spinning the spinning solution into a nanofiber membrane using an electrospinning device, and adjusting the parameters of the electrospinning device to control the diameter and morphology of the fiber to obtain a waterproof layer; and applying biological glue on the surface of the waterproof layer close to the skin to form a self-adhesive waterproof layer. Step 4: Finished product processing The prepared self-adhesive waterproof layer is adhered to the hemostatic adsorption layer and the moisture conductive layer to form an electrospun fiber wound dressing, and then the prepared wound dressing is dried to remove solvent residues and sterilized to ensure the sterility of the dressing, and then cut and packaged according to actual needs.

8. The method for preparing the wound dressing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electrospinning fiber process parameters include but are not limited to spinning voltage, receiving distance, and solution concentration.

9. The method for preparing the wound dressing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The physical and chemical properties of the degradable nanofibers of the hemostatic adsorption layer and the nanofibers of the moisture conductive layer include but are not limited to mechanical properties, surface morphology, pore size and distribution, hydrophilic surface properties, etc.

10. The method for preparing the wound dressing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The physicochemical properties of the hydrophobic polymer include, but are not limited to, tissue binding strength, mechanical properties, surface morphology, pore size and distribution, and resistance to hydrostatic pressure.

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